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WO2016037653A1 - PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE ALUMINUM BASED Al-Sn-Si-Cu-Mg-V BEARING ALLOY - Google Patents

PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE ALUMINUM BASED Al-Sn-Si-Cu-Mg-V BEARING ALLOY Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016037653A1
WO2016037653A1 PCT/EP2014/069416 EP2014069416W WO2016037653A1 WO 2016037653 A1 WO2016037653 A1 WO 2016037653A1 EP 2014069416 W EP2014069416 W EP 2014069416W WO 2016037653 A1 WO2016037653 A1 WO 2016037653A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
base layer
bearing
layer
backing layer
precipitates
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2014/069416
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Karl-Heinz Lindner
Troy KANTOLA
David Saxton
Rasendu TRIVEDI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Federal Mogul Wiesbaden GmbH
Original Assignee
Federal Mogul Wiesbaden GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Federal Mogul Wiesbaden GmbH filed Critical Federal Mogul Wiesbaden GmbH
Priority to PCT/EP2014/069416 priority Critical patent/WO2016037653A1/en
Publication of WO2016037653A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016037653A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/012—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of aluminium or an aluminium alloy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F16C33/121—Use of special materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F16C33/122—Multilayer structures of sleeves, washers or liners
    • F16C33/124—Details of overlays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/20—Alloys based on aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/10—Hardening, e.g. carburizing, carbo-nitriding

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to bi-metal bearings for automotive applications, such as those including aluminum-based alloys, and methods of forming the same.
  • Bearings for automotive engine applications are oftentimes formed of a bi-metal material including a base layer formed of an aluminum alloy attached to a backing layer formed of steel or a steel alloy. Certain applications require the base layer to provide high fatigue strength and good conformability, which existing materials may not be able to achieve.
  • One aspect of the invention provides a precipitation hardenable aluminum alloy for a bearing used in automotive engine applications.
  • the aluminum alloy comprises copper, tin, magnesium, silicon, vanadium, and a balance of aluminum.
  • the aluminum alloy of the present invention can be used in place of aluminum alloys of existing bi-metal bearing applications which do not provide adequate strength.
  • the aluminum alloy of the present invention also provides the potential for OEMs to manufacture a smaller bearing architecture.
  • Another aspect of the invention provides a bearing comprising a base layer bonded to a backing layer.
  • the base layer is formed of an aluminum alloy including a mixture of copper, tin, magnesium, silicon, vanadium, and a balance of aluminum.
  • the base layer also includes a plurality of Mg 2 Si precipitates.
  • the base layer provides an exceptional combination of strength and ductility, and thus is ideal for bearings which require high fatigue strength and good conformability.
  • Another aspect of the invention provides a method of forming a bearing.
  • the method includes providing a base layer formed of an aluminum alloy including a mixture of copper, tin, magnesium, silicon, vanadium, and a balance of aluminum; and bonding the base layer to a backing layer.
  • the method further includes heat treating the base layer after bonding the base layer to the backing layer to form a plurality of Mg 2 Si precipitates in the base layer.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of an engine bearing constructed according to an exemplary embodiment the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of forming a bearing according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary cross-sectional view of the bearing of Figure 1 showing the backing layer and the base layer;
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged fragmentary cross-sectional view of the bearing of Figures 1 and 3 with an additional layer applied to the base layer. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENABLING EMBODIMENT
  • the invention provides a bearing 20 for an automotive engine application having an exceptional combination of fatigue strength and conformability.
  • An example of the bearing according to one embodiment is shown in Figure 1.
  • the bearing 20 generally comprises a base layer 22 formed of a heat treated, precipitation hardened, aluminum alloy including a plurality of Mg 2 Si precipitates 24.
  • the bearing 20 is preferably formed by casting roll casting the aluminum alloy to form the base layer 22, hot bonding the base layer 22 to a backing layer 26, and then heat treating the base layer 22 bonded to the backing layer 26.
  • Figure 2 is a flow diagram of method steps used to form the bearing 20 according to one exemplary embodiment.
  • the aluminum alloy used to form the base layer 22 preferably includes a mixture of copper (Cu), tin (Sn), magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si), vanadium (V), and a balance of aluminum (Al).
  • the vanadium present in the aluminum alloy raises the recrystallization temperature and inhibits grain grown at elevated temperatures.
  • the alloying elements could be added in various different amounts, but the amount of vanadium is typically smaller than the amounts of the other elements. For example, if the copper, tin, magnesium, and silicon are each present in an amount of 5 weight percent, based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy, then the vanadium is present in an amount less than 5 weight percent.
  • the majority of the composition of the alloy typically consists of aluminum.
  • the aluminum alloy is initially formed by extruding aluminum, adding the alloying elements to the aluminum, and casting the aluminum alloy to provide the base layer 22.
  • the alloying elements are typically added to the aluminum during the casting process.
  • the casting process includes roll casting, but could alternatively include another type of casting, such as belt casting.
  • the base layer 22 is bonded to the backing layer 26.
  • the backing layer 26 is typically formed of steel or a steel alloy.
  • the bonding step typically includes hot bonding by heating at least one of the base layer 22 and/or the backing layer 26 to a temperature ranging from 315 to 425° C, and then pressing the base layer 22 and the backing layer 26 together.
  • other methods can be used to bond the base layer 22 to the backing layer 26, for example a cold bonding process.
  • the base layer 22 is heat treated to form the Mg 2 Si precipitates 24.
  • the growth of the Mg 2 Si precipitates 24 within the aluminum matrix is controlled in attempt to achieve the desired amount and size of the Mg 2 Si precipitates 24. It is oftentimes preferred to have a greater number of precipitates 24 which are smaller in size than a fewer number of precipitates 24 which are larger in size, even if the total volume of precipitates 24 is greater in the latter case.
  • the Mg 2 Si precipitates 24 also preferably have good coherency, which may be more difficult to achieve with the smaller precipitates 24.
  • the heat treatment could also form CuAl 2 precipitates and Si precipitates.
  • the Mg 2 Si precipitates 24 are more effective at hardening the base layer 22 in smaller amounts, compared to the CuAl 2 precipitates and Si precipitate.
  • the aluminum alloy of the base layer 22 can be referred to as a 6000 series aluminum alloy after the heat treat- ment step.
  • 6000 series aluminum alloy specifies a group of aluminum alloys that contains both magnesium and silicon as the primary alloying elements.
  • the magnesium levels for these alloys range from 0.20 wt.-% to 3.0 wt.-%, and silicon levels range from 0.2 wt.-% to 1.8 wt.-%.
  • Further elements included are Fe, Cu, Mn.
  • Particularly Fe can be present in the alloy in an amount of from 0,05wt.-% to 1 wt.-%, Cu in an amount of from 0,01 wt.-% to 1,2 wt.-% and Mn in amount of from 0,03 wt.-% to 1,4 wt.-%.
  • micro-alloying elements selected from the group consisting of B, Bi, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sn, Sr, Ti, V, Zn and Zr can be present in the aluminum alloy.
  • the heat treatment step typically includes heating the base layer 22 bonded to the backing layer 26 in a fluidized bed.
  • this step includes heating the base layer 22 bonded to the backing layer 26 to a temperature of 515° C in a solution contained in the fluidized bed for one hour, followed by quenching the base layer 22 bonded to the backing layer 26 in water.
  • This particular type of heat treatment is typically referred to as a T4 temper process.
  • a T6 temper process can be used, which includes heating the base layer 22 bonded to the backing layer 26 to a temperature of 175° C in the solution contained in the fluidized bed for eight hours.
  • the aluminum alloy typically achieves a greater hardness and strength when the T4 temper process is used. The ductility of the aluminum alloy is also greater in the T4 condition.
  • the heat treating step includes heating the base layer 22 bonded to the backing layer 26 in a salt bath.
  • the heat treating step includes heating the base layer 22 by induction heating.
  • the heat treating step includes heating the base layer 22 using a laser.
  • the growth of the Mg 2 Si precipitates 24 is controlled in attempt to achieve the desired amount and size of the Mg 2 Si precipitates 24, as well as good coherency.
  • Figure 3 shows the base layer 22 with the Mg 2 Si precipitates 24 after the heat treatment.
  • the base layer 22 including the Mg 2 Si precipitates 24 has an exceptional combination of strength and ductility.
  • One or more additional layers 28 may be applied to the base layer 22 to enhance performance of the bearing 20.
  • another metal-based layer or a polymer-based coating may be applied to the base layer 22 to provide additional wear resistance, strength, and/or seizure resistance.
  • Figure 4 shows an example of the base layer 22 of Figures 1 and 3 with an additional layer 28 applied to the base layer 22.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

A bearing (20) for automotive engine applications having an exceptional combination of high fatigue strength and ductility includes a base layer (22) bonded to a backing layer (26). The base layer (22) is formed of a precipitation hardened aluminum alloy including tin, silicon, copper, magnesium, and vanadium, and the backing layer (26) is typically formed of steel. The bearing (20) is formed by roll casting the aluminum alloy to form the base layer (22), and then hot bonding the base layer (22) to the backing layer (26). After the base layer (22) is bonded to the backing layer (26), the base layer (22) is heat treated, preferably in a fluidized bed using a T4 tempering process, to form Mg2Si precipitates (24).

Description

Precipitation Hardenable Aluminum Based Al-Sn-Si-Cu-Mg-V Bearing Alloy
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
[0001] The present invention relates to bi-metal bearings for automotive applications, such as those including aluminum-based alloys, and methods of forming the same.
2. Related Art
[0002] Bearings for automotive engine applications are oftentimes formed of a bi-metal material including a base layer formed of an aluminum alloy attached to a backing layer formed of steel or a steel alloy. Certain applications require the base layer to provide high fatigue strength and good conformability, which existing materials may not be able to achieve.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0003] One aspect of the invention provides a precipitation hardenable aluminum alloy for a bearing used in automotive engine applications. The aluminum alloy comprises copper, tin, magnesium, silicon, vanadium, and a balance of aluminum. The aluminum alloy of the present invention can be used in place of aluminum alloys of existing bi-metal bearing applications which do not provide adequate strength. The aluminum alloy of the present invention also provides the potential for OEMs to manufacture a smaller bearing architecture.
[0004] Another aspect of the invention provides a bearing comprising a base layer bonded to a backing layer. The base layer is formed of an aluminum alloy including a mixture of copper, tin, magnesium, silicon, vanadium, and a balance of aluminum. The base layer also includes a plurality of Mg2Si precipitates. The base layer provides an exceptional combination of strength and ductility, and thus is ideal for bearings which require high fatigue strength and good conformability.
[0005] Another aspect of the invention provides a method of forming a bearing. The method includes providing a base layer formed of an aluminum alloy including a mixture of copper, tin, magnesium, silicon, vanadium, and a balance of aluminum; and bonding the base layer to a backing layer. The method further includes heat treating the base layer after bonding the base layer to the backing layer to form a plurality of Mg2Si precipitates in the base layer.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0006] Other advantages of the present invention will be readily appreciated, as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein:
[0007] Figure 1 is a perspective view of an engine bearing constructed according to an exemplary embodiment the present invention;
[0008] Figure 2 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of forming a bearing according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
[0009] FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary cross-sectional view of the bearing of Figure 1 showing the backing layer and the base layer; and
[0010] Figure 4 is an enlarged fragmentary cross-sectional view of the bearing of Figures 1 and 3 with an additional layer applied to the base layer. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENABLING EMBODIMENT
[0011] The invention provides a bearing 20 for an automotive engine application having an exceptional combination of fatigue strength and conformability. An example of the bearing according to one embodiment is shown in Figure 1. The bearing 20 generally comprises a base layer 22 formed of a heat treated, precipitation hardened, aluminum alloy including a plurality of Mg2Si precipitates 24. The bearing 20 is preferably formed by casting roll casting the aluminum alloy to form the base layer 22, hot bonding the base layer 22 to a backing layer 26, and then heat treating the base layer 22 bonded to the backing layer 26. Figure 2 is a flow diagram of method steps used to form the bearing 20 according to one exemplary embodiment.
[0012] The aluminum alloy used to form the base layer 22 preferably includes a mixture of copper (Cu), tin (Sn), magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si), vanadium (V), and a balance of aluminum (Al). The vanadium present in the aluminum alloy raises the recrystallization temperature and inhibits grain grown at elevated temperatures. The alloying elements could be added in various different amounts, but the amount of vanadium is typically smaller than the amounts of the other elements. For example, if the copper, tin, magnesium, and silicon are each present in an amount of 5 weight percent, based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy, then the vanadium is present in an amount less than 5 weight percent. In addition, the majority of the composition of the alloy typically consists of aluminum.
[0013] Other alloying elements could be included in the aluminum alloy, as long as they do not interfere with the desired amount or size of the Mg2Si precipitates 24. In one exemplary embodiment, the aluminum alloy is initially formed by extruding aluminum, adding the alloying elements to the aluminum, and casting the aluminum alloy to provide the base layer 22. The alloying elements are typically added to the aluminum during the casting process. In the exemplary embodiment, the casting process includes roll casting, but could alternatively include another type of casting, such as belt casting.
[0014] Next, the base layer 22 is bonded to the backing layer 26. The backing layer 26 is typically formed of steel or a steel alloy. The bonding step typically includes hot bonding by heating at least one of the base layer 22 and/or the backing layer 26 to a temperature ranging from 315 to 425° C, and then pressing the base layer 22 and the backing layer 26 together. However, other methods can be used to bond the base layer 22 to the backing layer 26, for example a cold bonding process.
[0015] Once the base layer 22 is bonded to the backing layer 26, the base layer 22 is heat treated to form the Mg2Si precipitates 24. During the heat treatment, the growth of the Mg2Si precipitates 24 within the aluminum matrix is controlled in attempt to achieve the desired amount and size of the Mg2Si precipitates 24. It is oftentimes preferred to have a greater number of precipitates 24 which are smaller in size than a fewer number of precipitates 24 which are larger in size, even if the total volume of precipitates 24 is greater in the latter case. The Mg2Si precipitates 24 also preferably have good coherency, which may be more difficult to achieve with the smaller precipitates 24. The heat treatment could also form CuAl2 precipitates and Si precipitates. However, the Mg2Si precipitates 24 are more effective at hardening the base layer 22 in smaller amounts, compared to the CuAl2 precipitates and Si precipitate. In certain embodiments, the aluminum alloy of the base layer 22 can be referred to as a 6000 series aluminum alloy after the heat treat- ment step. 6000 series aluminum alloy specifies a group of aluminum alloys that contains both magnesium and silicon as the primary alloying elements. The magnesium levels for these alloys range from 0.20 wt.-% to 3.0 wt.-%, and silicon levels range from 0.2 wt.-% to 1.8 wt.-%. Further elements included are Fe, Cu, Mn. Particularly Fe can be present in the alloy in an amount of from 0,05wt.-% to 1 wt.-%, Cu in an amount of from 0,01 wt.-% to 1,2 wt.-% and Mn in amount of from 0,03 wt.-% to 1,4 wt.-%. Optionally, micro-alloying elements selected from the group consisting of B, Bi, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sn, Sr, Ti, V, Zn and Zr can be present in the aluminum alloy.
[0016] The heat treatment step typically includes heating the base layer 22 bonded to the backing layer 26 in a fluidized bed. In the exemplary embodiment, this step includes heating the base layer 22 bonded to the backing layer 26 to a temperature of 515° C in a solution contained in the fluidized bed for one hour, followed by quenching the base layer 22 bonded to the backing layer 26 in water. This particular type of heat treatment is typically referred to as a T4 temper process. Alternatively, a T6 temper process can be used, which includes heating the base layer 22 bonded to the backing layer 26 to a temperature of 175° C in the solution contained in the fluidized bed for eight hours. However, the aluminum alloy typically achieves a greater hardness and strength when the T4 temper process is used. The ductility of the aluminum alloy is also greater in the T4 condition.
[0017] Alternatively, other techniques can be used to heat treat the base layer 22 once it is bonded to the backing layer 26. In one embodiment, the heat treating step includes heating the base layer 22 bonded to the backing layer 26 in a salt bath. In another embodiment, the heat treating step includes heating the base layer 22 by induction heating. In yet another embodiment, the heat treating step includes heating the base layer 22 using a laser. In each case, the growth of the Mg2Si precipitates 24 is controlled in attempt to achieve the desired amount and size of the Mg2Si precipitates 24, as well as good coherency. Figure 3 shows the base layer 22 with the Mg2Si precipitates 24 after the heat treatment.
[0018] Once the heat treatment step is complete, the base layer 22 including the Mg2Si precipitates 24 has an exceptional combination of strength and ductility. One or more additional layers 28 may be applied to the base layer 22 to enhance performance of the bearing 20. For example, another metal-based layer or a polymer-based coating may be applied to the base layer 22 to provide additional wear resistance, strength, and/or seizure resistance. Figure 4 shows an example of the base layer 22 of Figures 1 and 3 with an additional layer 28 applied to the base layer 22.
[0019] Obviously, many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings and may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described while within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:
1. A bearing, comprising:
a base layer formed of an aluminum alloy;
said aluminum alloy including a mixture of copper, tin, magnesium, silicon, vanadium, and a balance of aluminum;
said base layer including a plurality of Mg2Si precipitates; and said base layer being bonded to a backing layer.
2. The bearing of claim 1 , wherein said aluminum alloy of said base layer is a 6000 series aluminum alloy.
3. The bearing of claim 1, wherein said backing layer is formed of steel or a steel alloy.
4. The bearing of claim 1, wherein said base layer includes a plurality of CuAl2 precipitates and a plurality of Si precipitates.
5. The bearing of claim 1, wherein said base layer is heat treated to form said Mg2Si precipitates.
6. The bearing of claim 5, wherein the heat treatment includes heating said base layer bonded to said backing layer in a fluidized bed.
7. The bearing of claim 6, wherein the heat treatment includes heating said base layer bonded to said backing layer to a temperature of 515° C in a solution contained in the fluidized bed for one hour followed by quenching said base layer bonded to said backing layer in water.
8. The bearing of claim 5, wherein the heat treatment includes heating said base layer bonded to said backing layer in a salt bath.
9. The bearing of claim 5, wherein the heat treatment includes heating said base layer bonded to said backing layer by induction or laser.
10. The bearing of claim 5 including an additional layer applied to said base layer.
11. A precipitation hardenable aluminum alloy for a bearing, comprising: copper, magnesium, tin, silicon, vanadium, and a balance of aluminum.
12. A method of forming a bearing, comprising:
providing a base layer formed of an aluminum alloy including a mixture of copper, tin, magnesium, silicon, vanadium, and a balance of aluminum;
bonding the base layer to a backing layer; and
heat treating the base layer after bonding the base layer to the backing layer to form a plurality of Mg2Si precipitates in the base layer.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat treating step includes heating the base layer bonded to the backing layer in a fluidized bed.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the heat treating step includes heating the base layer bonded to the backing layer to a temperature of 515° C in a solution contained in the fluidized bed for one hour, followed by quenching the base layer bonded to the backing layer in water.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein growth of the Mg2Si precipitates is controlled during the heat treating step.
16. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat treating step includes heating the base layer bonded to the backing layer in a salt bath.
17. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat treating step includes heating the base layer bonded to the backing layer by induction or laser.
18. The method of claim 12 including roll casting the aluminum alloy to provide the base layer.
19. The method of claim 12, wherein the bonding step includes heating at least one of the base layer and the backing layer to a temperature ranging from 315 to 425° C and pressing the base layer and the backing layer together.
20. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat treating step including forming a plurality of CuAl2 precipitates and a plurality of Si precipitates in the base layer.
PCT/EP2014/069416 2014-09-11 2014-09-11 PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE ALUMINUM BASED Al-Sn-Si-Cu-Mg-V BEARING ALLOY Ceased WO2016037653A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2014/069416 WO2016037653A1 (en) 2014-09-11 2014-09-11 PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE ALUMINUM BASED Al-Sn-Si-Cu-Mg-V BEARING ALLOY

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10825249B2 (en) 2016-09-15 2020-11-03 Interdigital Ce Patent Holdings Method and device for blurring a virtual object in a video
EP3825119A1 (en) * 2019-11-19 2021-05-26 Miba Gleitlager Austria GmbH Multilayer sliding bearing element

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GB476930A (en) * 1936-03-16 1937-12-16 Tennyson Fraser Bradbury A new aluminium alloy
US5525294A (en) * 1993-12-22 1996-06-11 Daido Metal Company, Ltd. Aluminum alloy for sliding materials
JP2001153141A (en) * 1999-11-29 2001-06-08 Ndc Co Ltd Al-Sn bearing material
EP1522750A1 (en) * 2003-10-06 2005-04-13 Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. Multi-layer sliding bearing
EP1775487A2 (en) * 2005-10-12 2007-04-18 Daido Metal Company Ltd. Plain bearing

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB476930A (en) * 1936-03-16 1937-12-16 Tennyson Fraser Bradbury A new aluminium alloy
US5525294A (en) * 1993-12-22 1996-06-11 Daido Metal Company, Ltd. Aluminum alloy for sliding materials
JP2001153141A (en) * 1999-11-29 2001-06-08 Ndc Co Ltd Al-Sn bearing material
EP1522750A1 (en) * 2003-10-06 2005-04-13 Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. Multi-layer sliding bearing
EP1775487A2 (en) * 2005-10-12 2007-04-18 Daido Metal Company Ltd. Plain bearing

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10825249B2 (en) 2016-09-15 2020-11-03 Interdigital Ce Patent Holdings Method and device for blurring a virtual object in a video
EP3825119A1 (en) * 2019-11-19 2021-05-26 Miba Gleitlager Austria GmbH Multilayer sliding bearing element

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