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WO2016015784A1 - Régulation d'écoulement entrant distribué pour de longs puits horizontaux - Google Patents

Régulation d'écoulement entrant distribué pour de longs puits horizontaux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016015784A1
WO2016015784A1 PCT/EP2014/066664 EP2014066664W WO2016015784A1 WO 2016015784 A1 WO2016015784 A1 WO 2016015784A1 EP 2014066664 W EP2014066664 W EP 2014066664W WO 2016015784 A1 WO2016015784 A1 WO 2016015784A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
valve
heat
fluid
conduit
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2014/066664
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Torbjørn FIVELAND
Robert Aasheim
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Equinor Energy AS
Original Assignee
Statoil Petroleum ASA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Statoil Petroleum ASA filed Critical Statoil Petroleum ASA
Priority to PCT/EP2014/066664 priority Critical patent/WO2016015784A1/fr
Publication of WO2016015784A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016015784A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
    • E21B34/066—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells electrically actuated
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B36/00—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
    • E21B36/005—Heater surrounding production tube

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for selectively controlling the inflow of fluids into the production pipe of a hydrocarbon well, and in particular, but not exclusively, to horizontal oil wells.
  • a horizontal well as in other wells, there are provided sections of tubular production pipe connected together. These are provided with screens through which fluids flow into the well whilst excluding solid debris.
  • the fluids include oil, water and gas.
  • Oil recovery can be increased by use of I CD (Inflow Control Devices) or AICD (Automated Inflow Control Devices) including the applicant's own technology, such as that disclosed in WO 2008/004875.
  • I CD Inflow Control Devices
  • AICD Automatic Inflow Control Devices
  • This provides an inflow valve which may be mounted in the wall of a section of production pipe and which opens and closes depending on the viscosity of the fluid. Thus, it may be used to favour the flow of oil (more viscous) into the pipe over water (less viscous).
  • an apparatus for controlling the flow of fluids into a hydrocarbon well comprising a section of production pipe having a conduit communicating between the exterior and interior thereof, a valve for controlling fluid inflow through the conduit and a source of heat arranged to heat the production pipe, valve and/or fluids flowing through the conduit, wherein the valve is a temperature-dependent valve. Since the fluids flowing through the conduit will absorb heat (whether directly or indirectly by conduction via the pipe) from the source of heat, they will act as a coolant to the apparatus. Furthermore, as oil, water and gas have significantly different thermal capacities, they will provide cooling to a different degree, with the result that, for a given mass-flow rate, temperature will depend on the composition of the fluid. Accordingly, the operation of the temperature-dependent valve will depend upon fluid composition.
  • the valve's opening depends upon the level of added heat, the thermal properties of the fluid mix present and/or flow rate.
  • the valve may be binary (open/closed) in operation, but preferably its degree of opening is variable and most preferably variable in dependence on these parameters.
  • each joint i.e. section of pipe
  • the degree of heating supplied by the heat source is preferably variable so that control may be based on an adjustable amount of heat from a heating cable and the fluid properties in each section/joint.
  • the heating source is therefore preferably an electrical heater, such as a resistive heating cable, since this provides a convenient and controllable source of heat that may readily be controlled from the surface.
  • the invention may also provide data concerning fluid properties along the length of horizontal well using temperature measurements.
  • an optical fibre may be used to measure the temperature versus distance. Since the temperature is dependent on the operation of the inflow control (i.e. the valve), it provides an indication of fluid composition at the location in question.
  • the system may be tuned to allow desired fluid inflows at each location. For example, it will typically be desired to favour inflow of oil. Since oil has a thermal capacity that is significantly higher than gas, but lower than water, an intermediate valve temperature should preferably result in maximum inflow through the conduit (i.e. the valve being fully open). Likewise, fluid inflow should preferably be minimised when temperature is lowest in order to exclude water and may also be minimised when it is highest, to exclude gas. Of course, in a real-world situation, mixtures of fluids will normally be present and the apparatus may be arranged to favour richer oil mixtures. The valves will typically open and close gradually via a continuous range of intermediate positions corresponding to different mixtures of fluids.
  • the heat source (such as the electrical heating cable) may be arranged on the outer surface of the pipe section to heat fluids prior to their reaching the valve.
  • it may be located on or adjacent a screen of the type conventionally used to exclude debris from a production pipe.
  • it is also possible to arrange it to directly heat the valve so that fluid is heated as it passed therethrough or otherwise in contact therewith. In each case, the overall effect is similar in that fluids with higher thermal capacities such as water will have a greater cooling effect and hence result in a lower temperature of the valve.
  • the valve may be any suitable temperature-dependent valve which can be arranged to open and close at suitable temperatures (bearing in mind that the degree of heating may be varied as appropriate too).
  • a separate temperature-dependent actuator is provided to move a valve member between open and closed positions.
  • the valve may be arranged to slide in order to open or close aperture(s) in a housing. It is particularly preferred to provide a plurality of apertures in the housing to allow for the valve to open at different temperatures.
  • the valve is arranged to be closed at its lowest temperature setting consistent with heating being provided (e.g. when water is present) and/or to be closed at its higher temperature setting, e.g. when gas is present and/or to be open in an intermediate setting when oil is present.
  • the invention also extends to a corresponding method and so, according to another aspect there is provided a method of controlling the flow of fluids into a hydrocarbon well, comprising providing a section of production pipe having a conduit communicating between the exterior and interior thereof, a valve for controlling fluid inflow through the conduit and a source of heat arranged to heat the production pipe, valve and/or fluids flowing through the conduit, wherein the valve is a temperature-dependent valve which opens and closes the conduit depending on the temperature of the fluid and controlling the flow of fluid into the well by means of the valve.
  • the method preferably further comprises the use of the preferred forms of the apparatus as discussed above.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a section of production pipe of a
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged detail of portion A of Figure 1 showing the location of a heat-operated inflow valve
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of the inflow valve
  • Figure 4 comprises a series of plan and sectional views of the inflow valve (individually referred to below as Figure 4 - top/bottom, left/right and plan/section) showing different operating modes of the valve.
  • a section of production pipe 1 according to the illustrated embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 1. This is one of numerous sections of production pipe connected end-to-end forming a horizontal oil well.
  • the pipe comprises a main tubular body ending up in an inflow chamber 2 surrounded by a screen 3 which allows fluids to flow into the inflow chamber whilst excluding solid debris.
  • a pair of cables 4, 5 run along the pipe 1 outside the screen 3 within grooves.
  • Cable 4 is an electrical resistive heating wire and cable 5 is a fibre optic DTS temperature sensor which outputs (via suitable control apparatus at the surface of a type known in the art) temperature data corresponding to points along its length.
  • inflow valve Located within the wall of inflow chamber 2 is an inflow valve, the location of which is best seen from Figure 2, which is an enlargement of region A of Figure 1 . It is arranged in the wall of inflow chamber 2 such that fluid passing through the screen 3 must flow through it in order to enter the production pipe 1.
  • the inflow valve 6 is temperature dependent and its structure is shown in Figure 3. It has a valve body 7 in the form of a disc which is received in a correspondingly-shaped opening in inflow chamber 2. In addition, there is a sliding valve 8 connected to a heat-activated actuator 9 by bracket 13.
  • the valve body 7 has an elongate slot 10 formed in its upper surface which receives slider 1 1 of valve 8 such that slider 8 can reciprocate within the slot 10 as it is moved by actuator 9.
  • actuator 9 is a linear actuator which extends when heated, with greater heat resulting in greater extension.
  • An aperture 12 is formed in slider 8 which may be aligned with one of a pair of apertures 14, 15 formed in valve body 7 (see Figure 4).
  • a flow path may be created via aperture 12 and either aperture 14 or 15 (i.e. "open"), or flow may be blocked (i.e. "closed”). Note that both apertures 14 and 15 lead into the inner production pipe.
  • Figure 4 illustrates four possible operating conditions of the valve 6. In each case, a plan view and a sectional view is provided so that the flow paths may be seen. In Figure 4 - Top Left, aperture 12 is aligned with aperture 14 so the valve is open. Similarly, in Figure 4 Top Right, it is aligned with aperture 15 and hence it is also open. However, in Figure 4 Bottom Left, aperture 12 is intermediate apertures
  • the invention can control inflow to each joint in a long horizontal well based on an adjustable amount of heat from a heating cable and the fluid properties in each point/joint.
  • cable 4 is a resistive heating cable. This provides a heat source along the screen of a horizontal oil well so that the inflowing fluids and/or the pipe section 1 (including the valve) are heated.
  • the temperature will depend upon the local fluid properties and flow rate. Since a fluid having a higher specific thermal capacity will require more heat to raise its temperature by a given amount, when such a fluid is present, the temperature will be lower. Likewise, other factors being equal, a higher inflow rate will result in a lower temperature because a given mass of the fluid is exposed to the source of heat for a shorter time.
  • fiber optic cable 5 is included to measure the operation of the valves by measuring their temperature since their condition at a given temperature is known and predetermined.
  • the valve is open when no heat is applied (i.e. it fails open) as shown Top Left.
  • the valve When heat is applied, the valve is open at the fairly high temperature - Top Right - that will occur when oil is flowing. However, it will be closed when water flows - Bottom Left - because water's high thermal capacity takes away most of the heat and when temperature is high - Bottom Right - when gas flows and little heat is absorbed by it.
  • the valve will close gradually as the temperature increases or decreases and will thus allow oil with a certain water cut or a certain amount of gases to pass through.
  • the fiber optic cable 4 that measures temperature will give information of fluid composition entering the well along its length based on the corresponding valve positions.
  • ICD/AICD Inflow controls.
  • Today, ICD /AICD completions are designed for maximum production to be able to reach a high first period production rate. This is a compromise that makes the lower production in mid and late time suffer due to low pressure over the ICD/AICD's.
  • Combining the two technologies may allow ICD or AICD design to be optimized for mid or late life and the heat actuated valves could be used to achieve max production in an early phase.
  • ICD/AICD performs much better in choking back water/gas if the pressure drop is larger but this is currently not prioritized due to low net value.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Temperature-Responsive Valves (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil permettant de réguler l'écoulement de fluides dans un puits d'hydrocarbures, comprenant une section tube de production (1) avec un conduit communiquant entre l'extérieur et l'intérieur de celui-ci, une vanne (6) destinée à réguler un écoulement entrant de fluide à travers le conduit et une source de chaleur agencée de sorte à chauffer le tube de production, la vanne et/ou les fluides s'écoulant à travers le conduit, la vanne étant une vanne sensible à la température. L'ouverture de la vanne dépend : du niveau d'addition de chaleur; des propriétés thermiques du mélange fluide présent; et/ou du débit.
PCT/EP2014/066664 2014-08-01 2014-08-01 Régulation d'écoulement entrant distribué pour de longs puits horizontaux Ceased WO2016015784A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2014/066664 WO2016015784A1 (fr) 2014-08-01 2014-08-01 Régulation d'écoulement entrant distribué pour de longs puits horizontaux

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2014/066664 WO2016015784A1 (fr) 2014-08-01 2014-08-01 Régulation d'écoulement entrant distribué pour de longs puits horizontaux

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016015784A1 true WO2016015784A1 (fr) 2016-02-04

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ID=51260886

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2014/066664 Ceased WO2016015784A1 (fr) 2014-08-01 2014-08-01 Régulation d'écoulement entrant distribué pour de longs puits horizontaux

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2016015784A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024097334A1 (fr) * 2022-11-02 2024-05-10 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Mesures de débit au moyen de capteurs de température

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3760832A (en) * 1971-11-11 1973-09-25 Camco Inc Heat controlled gas lift valve
WO2005103443A1 (fr) * 2004-04-22 2005-11-03 Rune Freyer Procede et dispositif de regulation de l'ecoulement d'un fluide entre l'exterieur et l'interieur d'un tubage
US20090230335A1 (en) * 2008-03-14 2009-09-17 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Temperature triggered actuator
WO2013034185A1 (fr) * 2011-09-08 2013-03-14 Statoil Petroleum As Soupape autonome équipée d'un dispositif répondant à la température

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3760832A (en) * 1971-11-11 1973-09-25 Camco Inc Heat controlled gas lift valve
WO2005103443A1 (fr) * 2004-04-22 2005-11-03 Rune Freyer Procede et dispositif de regulation de l'ecoulement d'un fluide entre l'exterieur et l'interieur d'un tubage
US20090230335A1 (en) * 2008-03-14 2009-09-17 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Temperature triggered actuator
WO2013034185A1 (fr) * 2011-09-08 2013-03-14 Statoil Petroleum As Soupape autonome équipée d'un dispositif répondant à la température

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024097334A1 (fr) * 2022-11-02 2024-05-10 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Mesures de débit au moyen de capteurs de température
GB2639426A (en) * 2022-11-02 2025-09-24 Schlumberger Technology Bv Flow measurements using temperature sensors

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