WO2016013572A1 - 蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔、蓄電デバイス用容器及び蓄電デバイス、並びに蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔の製造方法 - Google Patents
蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔、蓄電デバイス用容器及び蓄電デバイス、並びに蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/60—After-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/321—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
- C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
- C25D7/0614—Strips or foils
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/78—Cases; Housings; Encapsulations; Mountings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/0029—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/08—Housing; Encapsulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/117—Inorganic material
- H01M50/119—Metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/121—Organic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/131—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by physical properties, e.g. gas permeability, size or heat resistance
- H01M50/133—Thickness
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/131—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by physical properties, e.g. gas permeability, size or heat resistance
- H01M50/134—Hardness
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a steel foil for a power storage device container, a container for a power storage device and a power storage device, and a method for producing a steel foil for a power storage device container.
- Secondary batteries such as nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, and lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electronic devices and electronic parts, especially mobile phones, notebook personal computers, video cameras, artificial satellites, and electric / hybrid vehicles.
- a secondary battery using a strong alkaline electrolyte such as a nickel-cadmium battery or a nickel-hydrogen battery uses a case made of a nickel-plated cold-rolled steel plate or a plastic case.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte such as a lithium ion battery
- a nickel-plated steel plate or a stainless steel plate is used as the case.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte built in an aluminum pouch may be wrapped in a plastic case.
- the material is an inexpensive general-purpose material in consideration of mass production. That is, in order to reduce the thickness of the secondary battery container, a material having high strength, excellent corrosion resistance against an electrolytic solution (nonaqueous electrolytic solution), and high versatility is demanded. In addition, there is a similar demand for a container for an electricity storage device other than a secondary battery, such as a capacitor having an electrolytic solution.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a metal foil obtained by laminating an acid-modified polyolefin resin layer having a corrosion-causing substance barrier property on a chromium-based surface treatment such as trivalent chromium treatment or chromate treatment. According to this technique, workability and corrosion resistance can be improved to some extent. However, the strength of aluminum is insufficient as described above.
- stainless steel foil is a foil obtained by thinning stainless steel to a thickness of 200 ⁇ m or less. Since the tensile strength and Vickers hardness of stainless steel foil are generally 2 to 10 times that of plastic or aluminum, it is promising as a thin material for secondary battery containers. However, since stainless steel foil is inferior in corrosion resistance in an electrolytic solution, it may be corroded by the electrolytic solution when used in a battery casing or lead wire.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a metal foil obtained by laminating a resin layer such as a polyolefin resin layer on a chromium-based surface-treated stainless steel foil in order to improve corrosion resistance and strength. Yes.
- a certain strength and corrosion resistance can be achieved at the same time.
- the work hardening is large, so the cost for rolling into a foil is also high. Get higher.
- stainless steel is a relatively hard material, there is a problem that it may not be processed into a desired battery container shape.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances.
- the present invention is a rolled steel foil having high strength and excellent workability, and a substrate and a resin layer even in an electrolytic solution (non-aqueous electrolytic solution) when a container for an electricity storage device having a polyolefin resin layer formed on the surface is used. It is an object of the present invention to provide a steel foil for an electricity storage device container that is excellent in adhesiveness at low cost. It is another object of the present invention to provide an electricity storage device container made of the steel foil for an electricity storage device container, and an electricity storage device provided with the electricity storage device container.
- the adhesion between the base material and the resin layer in the electrolytic solution is referred to as electrolytic solution resistance.
- a steel foil for an electricity storage device container is a rolled steel foil having a thickness of 200 ⁇ m or less, a diffusion alloy layer formed on a surface layer of the rolled steel foil, containing Ni and Fe, and the diffusion A chromium-based surface treatment layer formed on the alloy layer, wherein a ⁇ 111> pole density in a reverse pole figure in a rolling direction of the diffusion alloy layer is 2.0 or more and 6.0 or less, and the diffusion alloy layer
- the aspect ratio of the crystal on the surface is 1.0 or more and 5.0 or less.
- the steel foil for an electricity storage device container according to (1) or (2) may further include a polyolefin resin layer formed on the surface of the chromium-based surface treatment layer.
- An electricity storage device container according to another aspect of the present invention comprises the steel foil for an electricity storage device container described in (3) above.
- a method for manufacturing a steel foil for an electricity storage device container includes a nickel plating step of performing nickel plating on a steel plate to form a Ni plating layer on the steel plate, and obtaining a Ni plated steel plate, An annealing process for annealing the Ni-plated steel sheet so that Fe in the steel sheet and Ni in the Ni-plated layer mutually diffuse, and cold rolling with a cumulative rolling rate of 70% or more on the Ni-plated steel sheet A cold rolling step of obtaining a steel foil, and annealing the steel foil at 750 ° C. to 1100 ° C.
- the method for producing a steel foil for an electricity storage device container according to the above (6) or (7) further includes a polyolefin resin that forms a polyolefin resin layer on the surface of the steel foil after the chromium-based surface treatment step.
- a layer forming step may be included.
- the rolled steel foil when the rolled steel foil has high strength and excellent workability and is made into a container for an electricity storage device having a polyolefin resin layer formed on the surface, the base material and the resin layer are not mixed in the electrolyte solution.
- a steel foil for an electricity storage device container having excellent adhesion can be provided at low cost.
- an electricity storage device comprising an electricity storage device container made of steel foil for an electricity storage device container and an electricity storage device container can be provided.
- An example of a large-angle grain boundary that is a grain boundary of two crystals having an angular difference (relative orientation difference) of 15 ° or more among grain boundaries in the texture of the diffusion alloy layer before recrystallization annealing, measured by the EBSD method.
- the vertical direction of the paper is RD
- the horizontal direction is TD
- the visual field is RD of 120 ⁇ m and TD of 100 ⁇ m.
- the vertical direction of the paper is RD, the horizontal direction is TD, and the visual field is RD of 120 ⁇ m and TD of 100 ⁇ m).
- a container for an electricity storage device manufactured using a steel foil for an electricity storage device container is generally used in which a polyolefin resin layer is further formed on a metal substrate on which a chromium-based surface treatment layer is formed.
- a surface treatment layer formed by a chromium surface treatment such as trivalent chromium treatment or chromate treatment is referred to as a chromium surface treatment layer.
- the inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies on the cause of the separation of the resin layer in the electrolytic solution in the above-described container for an electricity storage device.
- a container for an electricity storage device is always exposed to a non-aqueous electrolyte provided in the electricity storage device.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte contains an organic solvent and a lithium salt, and the organic solvent or the lithium salt may be decomposed by long-term use to generate a corrosion-causing substance such as an acid.
- a corrosion-causing substance such as an acid.
- hydrofluoric acid may be generated as a corrosion-causing substance.
- the present inventors have found that when a corrosion-causing substance is generated in an organic solvent, the metal substrate, the chromium-based surface treatment layer or the polyolefin resin layer is attacked, and the polyolefin resin layer may be peeled off.
- the peeling of the polyolefin resin layer is considered to be due to corrosion of the metal substrate or deterioration of the polyolefin resin layer. Therefore, it is considered effective to improve the corrosion resistance of the metal substrate for preventing the polyolefin resin layer from peeling off.
- a steel foil for an electricity storage device container according to the present embodiment (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a steel foil according to the present embodiment) is a rolled steel foil having a diffusion alloy layer formed on a surface layer and a diffusion alloy. And a chromium-based surface treatment layer formed on the surface of the layer. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 7, the steel foil for an electrical storage device container according to this embodiment may have a polyolefin resin layer formed on a chromium-based surface treatment layer.
- the diffusion alloy layer formed on the surface layer of the rolled steel foil contains Ni and Fe, the diffusion alloy layer has a specific texture, and further the surface of the diffusion alloy layer
- the aspect ratio of the crystal is 1.0 to 5.0.
- such a steel foil for an electrical storage device container is obtained by annealing a steel plate having nickel plating to mutually diffuse Ni during plating and Fe of the steel plate, and then cooling under conditions of a total rolling reduction of 70% or more.
- the thickness is reduced to 200 ⁇ m or less, and a specific texture is formed on the nickel-plated surface layer, and then recrystallization annealing is performed to reduce the crystal grains extended by cold rolling. It is manufactured by.
- the steel foil for an electrical storage device container according to the present embodiment will be described in detail.
- the steel foil according to the present embodiment is based on a rolled steel foil having a thickness of 200 ⁇ m or less in which a diffusion alloy layer containing Ni and Fe is formed on the surface layer.
- the use of a rolled steel foil having a thickness of 200 ⁇ m or less as the base material is advantageous in terms of cost and strength over the electrolytic foil, and, as will be described later, to control the texture of the diffusion alloy layer. This is because rolling is also useful.
- the rolled steel foil used for manufacturing the steel foil according to this embodiment is obtained by rolling a steel plate.
- the steel plate is not particularly limited, and any of a hot rolled steel plate, a cold rolled steel plate, and a cold rolled annealed steel plate can be used.
- the component composition (chemical component) of the steel plate used for the base material of the steel foil for the electricity storage device container according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited. It is not an indispensable requirement for a steel plate to contain a large amount of a specific element in order to increase strength or to improve corrosion resistance. Although so-called high-strength steel can be applied, it is preferable to use a steel plate having a general component composition from the viewpoint of securing the rollability described later.
- An example of the component composition is as follows. Hereinafter, “%” regarding the component composition is “% by mass”.
- C is an element that increases the strength of steel.
- the steel foil according to the present embodiment is strengthened by work hardening with a large cumulative rolling rate. Therefore, considering the ease of rolling, it is preferable that the steel plate used as a raw material is soft. Therefore, it is preferable that the upper limit of the C content is 0.1%.
- the lower limit of the C content is preferably set to 0.0001% in consideration of refining costs.
- the C content is more preferably 0.001 to 0.01%.
- Si is an element that increases the strength of steel.
- the upper limit of the Si content is preferably 0.5%.
- the lower limit of the Si content is not particularly required, but considering the scouring cost, it is preferable that the lower limit of the Si content is 0.001%. In order to ensure higher rollability, the Si content is more preferably 0.001 to 0.02%.
- Mn 0.01 to 1.0%
- Mn is an element that increases the strength of steel. If the Mn content is excessive, the strength of the steel will increase too much and the rollability will decrease. Therefore, it is preferable that the upper limit of the Mn content is 1.0%. Although it is not necessary to specify the lower limit of the Mn content, it is preferable to set the lower limit of the Mn content to 0.01% in consideration of scouring costs. In order to ensure higher rollability, the Mn content is more preferably 0.01 to 0.5%.
- P is an element that increases the strength of steel. If the P content is excessive, the strength of the steel increases too much, and the rollability decreases. Therefore, the upper limit of the P content is preferably 0.05%. Although it is not necessary to specify the lower limit of the P content, it is preferable that the lower limit of the P content is 0.001% in consideration of the scouring cost. In order to ensure higher rollability, the P content is more preferably 0.001 to 0.02%.
- S is an element that lowers the hot workability and corrosion resistance of steel. Therefore, the smaller the S content, the better. In particular, when the S content exceeds 0.02%, the hot workability and the corrosion resistance decrease significantly, so the upper limit of the S content is preferably 0.02%. Although it is not necessary to specify the lower limit of the S content, it is preferable that the lower limit of the S content is 0.0001% in consideration of the scouring cost. In order to ensure higher rollability and to obtain superiority in terms of cost, the S content is more preferably 0.001 to 0.01%.
- Al 0.0005 to 0.20%
- Al is added as a deoxidizing element for steel.
- the Al content is preferably 0.0005% or more.
- the upper limit of the Al content is preferably 0.20%.
- the Al content is more preferably 0.001 to 0.10%.
- N is an element that decreases the hot workability and workability of steel. Therefore, the smaller the N content, the better. In particular, when the N content exceeds 0.0040%, the hot workability and the workability deteriorate significantly, so the upper limit of the N content is preferably set to 0.0040%. Although it is not necessary to specify the lower limit of the N content, the lower limit of the N content is preferably set to 0.0001% in consideration of the refining cost. In order to obtain an advantage in terms of cost, the N content is more preferably 0.001 to 0.0040%.
- the balance of the steel sheet is Fe and impurities.
- the steel material for producing the steel foil according to the present embodiment further includes Ti, Nb, B, Cu, Ni, Sn, Cr, and the like as additional components, instead of part of Fe. You may contain in the range which does not impair an effect.
- Ti and Nb have the effect of fixing C and N in steel as carbides and nitrides and improving the workability of steel, so Ti: 0.01 to 0.8%, Nb: 0.005 One or two of them may be contained in a range of ⁇ 0.05%.
- the steel foil for an electrical storage device container has a diffusion alloy layer on the surface layer of the rolled steel foil.
- This diffusion alloy layer has a texture in which the ⁇ 111> orientation is parallel to the rolling direction, and contains Ni and Fe.
- the ⁇ 111> orientation being parallel to the rolling direction means that the ⁇ 111> orientation of Ni (nickel) or FeNi 3 having an fcc (face centered cubic lattice) structure is parallel to the rolling direction.
- the pole density in the ⁇ 111> orientation in the rolling direction (RD) is 2.0 or more. If the pole density in the ⁇ 111> orientation in the rolling direction (RD) is 2.0 or more, good characteristics can be obtained.
- the pole density in the ⁇ 111> orientation is defined as the value of the maximum pole density in a range within 5 ° from ⁇ 111>.
- the maximum value of the pole density in the ⁇ 111> orientation in the rolling direction is not particularly limited, but usually does not exceed about 6.0. Therefore, the substantial upper limit of the pole density in the ⁇ 111> orientation in the rolling direction is 6.0.
- the corrosion resistance can be improved with a small amount of nickel.
- Ni or FeNi 3 in which a part of Ni atoms is replaced by Fe has an fcc structure, and the surface where the atoms are most dense is the ⁇ 111 ⁇ plane, so the ⁇ 111> orientation in the diffusion alloy layer is changed. It is estimated that this is because a dense diffusion alloy layer is formed by being parallel to the rolling direction.
- the ⁇ 111 ⁇ plane is called a “slip plane”.
- the ⁇ 111 ⁇ plane can be preferentially oriented by plastic working such as cold rolling. Therefore, it is possible to control the above-mentioned texture by using a rolling process.
- an EBSD (Electron Backscatter Diffraction) method is used. Specifically, in the SEM (scanning electron microscope), the crystal orientation at the generation point of the diffraction pattern is continuously measured using an EBSD pattern obtained from the sample surface that is largely inclined (70 °).
- the feature of the EBSD pattern is that the depth of information obtained is very shallow. The depth is only a few tens of nm although it depends on conditions. Therefore, by performing EBSD measurement from the plate surface direction, it is possible to specify the crystal orientation of Ni, Fe, FeNi alloy, etc. on the surface of the diffusion alloy layer. Furthermore, a pole density can be obtained by obtaining an inverse pole figure from the EBSD pattern.
- FIGS. 1A to 1C show an example of a texture (reverse pole figure) of a diffusion alloy layer of a steel foil according to this embodiment obtained by the EBSD method.
- FIGS. 1A to 1C show states in which there is no statistical deviation in crystal orientation (so-called random direction) for each of ND (normal direction of the plate surface), RD (rolling direction), and TD (direction orthogonal to the rolling direction).
- FIG. 6 is a diagram in which the degree of texture is represented by a contour line of extreme density, with the extreme density of state) being 1.
- the diffusion alloy layer included in the steel foil according to the present embodiment has a texture, and the degree of integration of ⁇ 111> and ⁇ 001> orientations of RD is high.
- the RD ⁇ 111> orientation pole density is 2.619 to 3.175 scale
- the RD ⁇ 001> orientation pole density is The scale is from 2.619 to 3.175.
- the ⁇ 001> orientation is also oriented to ND and TD, and cannot be said to be oriented only to RD.
- the diffusion alloy layer of the steel foil according to the present embodiment is characterized by accumulation of ⁇ 111> orientations of RD.
- ND and TD accumulation of ⁇ 001> orientations is observed, but referring to the contour scale, the pole density is less than 2, respectively. Therefore, it is difficult to say that a characteristic texture is formed in ND and TD.
- the crystal aspect ratio on the surface of the diffusion alloy layer must be in the range of 1.0 to 5.0.
- the aspect ratio is an index of residual strain in the diffusion alloy layer and the rolled steel foil.
- the aspect ratio of the crystal on the surface of the preferred diffusion alloy layer is in the range of 1.0 to 2.85.
- the diffusion alloy layer contains fine crystal grains. These crystal grains are crystals in the interdiffusion region formed by interdiffusion of Fe of the steel sheet and Ni of the Ni plating layer during annealing after plating, and undergoes cold rolling and recrystallization annealing. Have an aspect ratio of 1.0 to 5.0.
- the crystal grains in the interdiffusion region are elongated in the rolling direction by cold rolling, so that the aspect ratio of the crystal grains once increases as shown in FIG. 2A.
- the strain of the rolled steel foil and the diffusion alloy layer received during cold rolling is released and recrystallization occurs in the diffusion alloy layer. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
- the aspect ratio of the grains is reduced.
- the aspect ratio of the crystal on the surface of the diffusion alloy layer is in the range of 1.0 to 5.0, the strain of the rolled steel foil and the diffusion alloy layer is sufficiently relaxed by recrystallization annealing.
- the aspect ratio is obtained based on the EBSD orientation mapping image.
- the EBSD orientation mapping image is also called an inverted pole orientation mapping image.
- Ni and Fe are mainly present on the surface of the diffusion alloy layer, but since Fe is mainly present as FeNi 3 , Ni may be used as a lattice database.
- the aspect ratio is obtained by the following method. That is, the EBSD orientation mapping image of the 100 ⁇ m field of view observed on the surface of the diffusion alloy layer is divided into four equal parts, and 100 crystal grains whose grain boundaries are clearly confirmed are randomly selected from each of the divided areas. The maximum vertical and horizontal lengths of the selected crystal grains are measured, and the shorter one is the short axis and the longer one is the long axis.
- the major axis / minor axis is calculated to obtain the aspect ratio of each crystal grain. Since 100 pieces are selected from each of the four equally divided areas, a total of 400 aspect ratios can be obtained. An average value of 400 aspect ratios is defined as an aspect ratio.
- the diffusion alloy layer of the steel foil for an electricity storage device container mainly contains FeNi 3 and Fe, and may further contain a small amount of pure Ni.
- Ni and Fe in the diffusion alloy layer are interdiffused in the annealing step after plating and the recrystallization annealing step after cold rolling, and most of Ni combines with part of Fe to form FeNi 3 .
- FeNi 3 starts to be produced when it passes through a temperature range of 500 to 700 ° C. when heated to a recrystallization annealing temperature of 750 ° C. or higher. Therefore, the more FeNi 3 is contained in the diffusion alloy layer, the more the strain of the diffusion alloy layer is relaxed in the recrystallization annealing.
- the intensity I FeNi3 of the diffraction peak intensity I Ni and FeNi 3 of the diffraction peaks of Ni obtained by X-ray diffraction measurement may be used.
- the ratio of the intensity I FeNi3 of the diffraction peak intensity I Ni and FeNi 3 of the diffraction peaks of Ni diffusion alloy layer I FeNi3 / I Ni (sometimes hereinafter referred to as diffraction intensity ratio) is 5. When it is 0 or more, the workability is stably improved, which is preferable.
- the diffraction intensity ratio of the diffusion alloy layer is less than 5.0, that is, when FeNi 3 is small, the strain of the rolled steel foil and the diffusion alloy layer is not sufficiently relaxed in recrystallization annealing, and the workability is low. Since it may become, it is not preferable.
- the intensity I Ni of the diffraction peak of Ni the diffraction angle when the X-ray source was CuK ⁇ (2 ⁇ / ⁇ ) is used diffraction peak intensity appeared in the vicinity of 51.8 °.
- the diffraction peak intensity IFeNi 3 of FeNi 3 uses the diffraction peak intensity at which the diffraction angle (2 ⁇ / ⁇ ) appears around 51 ° ⁇ 0.1 ° when the X-ray source is CuK ⁇ .
- the FeNi 3 diffraction peak is detected, but the Ni diffraction peak may not be detected.
- the Ni diffraction peak is not observed, and the intensity I Ni of the Ni diffraction peak becomes 0, which makes it impossible to calculate the diffraction intensity ratio. Is obtained.
- FIG. 3 the example of the X-ray-diffraction result of the diffusion alloy layer of the steel foil for electrical storage device containers which concerns on this embodiment is shown.
- the X-ray source is CuK ⁇ .
- the re-annealing condition is 600 ° C. (annealing temperature) and 120 seconds (annealing time)
- a Ni diffraction peak is observed near 51.8 °
- a FeNi 3 diffraction peak is observed near 51.0 °.
- the diffraction intensity ratio is 4.2, and it is determined that strain relaxation is limited.
- the re-annealing condition is 800 ° C.
- the diffusion alloy layer of the steel foil it is preferable that diffused Fe exists on the surface of the diffusion alloy layer.
- Fe diffuses to the surface of the diffusion alloy layer, most of Ni is alloyed with Fe during recrystallization annealing to form FeNi 3 . If a large amount of Fe in the ⁇ -Fe phase that is not FeNi 3 is present in the outermost layer at the atomic level, the corrosion resistance is remarkably impaired. Therefore, it is preferable that all Fe is present as FeNi 3 in the outermost layer at the atomic level.
- the Fe content Fe abundance ratio
- the Fe content is considered to be about 10 atom% to 35 atom% when the total abundance ratio of Ni and Fe is 100 atom%.
- the present inventors preferably have a Fe content measured by a general analytical method of 20 atoms when the total content of Ni and Fe is 100 atomic%. It was found that the corrosion resistance is improved when the content is at least%.
- the Fe content is preferably 80 atomic% or less. More preferably, it is 70 atomic% or less.
- FIG. 4 shows the metal element analysis results in the depth direction of the diffusion alloy layer.
- elemental analysis by glow discharge emission analysis is performed while etching the diffusion alloy layer to a depth of 1 ⁇ m with argon plasma.
- the amount of Fe from the surface to a depth of 0.1 ⁇ m exceeds 60% in the metal element, and the amount of Ni is 40% or less.
- the Ni content is less than 1.0% from the depth exceeding 0.9 ⁇ m.
- the portion deeper than 0.9 ⁇ m is a rolled steel foil.
- the thickness of the diffusion alloy layer is preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more. 1.0 ⁇ m or more is more preferable. If the thickness of the diffusion alloy layer is less than 0.3 ⁇ m, the corrosion resistance against the electrolytic solution is lowered, which is not preferable.
- the diffusion alloy layer of the steel foil for an electricity storage device container may be any layer as long as the phase existing in the outermost layer has an fcc structure, for example, a diffusion alloy layer in which FeNi 3 and Fe coexist. even most of the outermost layer may be a FeNi 3 of several tens of nm level. With such a diffusion alloy layer, even in an alloy diffusion layer in which FeNi 3 and Fe coexist, it is possible to specify the extreme density using the FeNi 3 pattern by the above-described method and definition.
- Ni deposition amount in the diffusion alloy layer of the steel foil according to the present embodiment 0.3 g / m 2 or more preferably, 1.3 g / m 2 or more preferably, 2.7 g / m 2 or more is more preferable.
- the adhesion amount By setting the adhesion amount to 0.3 g / m 2 or more, the corrosion resistance against the corrosion-causing substances contained in the organic electrolyte can be improved.
- the adhesion amount is less than 0.3 g / m 2 , sufficient corrosion resistance against the corrosion-causing substances contained in the organic electrolyte cannot be obtained. In addition, it becomes difficult to specify the texture by the EBSD method.
- the amount of Ni deposited on the diffusion alloy layer is measured by a fluorescent X-ray test method defined in JIS H8501.
- the Ni adhesion amount of the diffusion alloy layer in this specification is determined by measuring the K ⁇ fluorescent X-ray intensity of Ni from the surface of the diffusion alloy layer by a fluorescent X-ray test method, It is shown as a value converted as an adhesion amount.
- the calibration curve for converting the fluorescent X-ray intensity into the adhesion amount is a reduction of a Ni-plated steel plate in which a predetermined amount of pure Ni is adhered to the same steel material, using a steel plate of the same type as the base material as a standard test material with a Ni adhesion amount of 0.
- a calibration curve prepared by measuring an alloyed plated steel sheet annealed at 800 ° C. for 30 seconds in an atmosphere as a standard test material is used.
- the Ni adhesion amount in the diffusion alloy layer is defined by the Ni adhesion amount measured in this way.
- the upper limit of the Ni adhesion amount in the diffusion alloy layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 g / m 2 or less in consideration of cost. In the steel foil according to the present embodiment, a significant effect can be obtained even if the amount of Ni adhesion is small.
- the corrosion resistance against the corrosion-causing substances contained in the organic electrolyte is improved.
- the effect cannot be expected.
- the improvement effect of the prior art is smaller than the improvement effect of the present invention.
- the diffusion alloy layer is made of a specific texture, the corrosion resistance against the non-aqueous electrolyte is dramatically improved, and the resistance to the electrolyte is improved.
- the total thickness (that is, the thickness of the base material) of the rolled steel foil and the diffusion alloy layer of the steel foil for an electricity storage device container according to the present embodiment is 200 ⁇ m or less. Preferably it is 100 micrometers or less, More preferably, it is 50 micrometers or less. This is because a thin container is desired for reducing the size and weight of the battery.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, but usually 5 ⁇ m or more is desirable in view of cost or thickness uniformity.
- the steel foil for an electrical storage device container includes a chromium-based surface treatment layer on the surface of the diffusion alloy layer.
- the chromium-based surface treatment layer preferably has a thickness of 2 nm to 200 nm, more preferably 5 nm to 60 nm, and still more preferably 8 nm to 40 nm.
- the chromium-based surface treatment layer may be formed on at least one side, but may be formed on both sides.
- the steel foil according to this embodiment is used as a material for a container for an electricity storage device.
- the adhesion between the polyolefin-based resin layer and the substrate in the non-aqueous electrolyte may be insufficient, which may cause peeling. .
- the thickness of the chromium-based surface treatment layer is greater than 200 nm, the chromium-based surface treatment layer cracks when the steel foil for an electricity storage device container is processed, and the polyolefin-based resin layer and the substrate in the electrolytic solution Inadequate adhesive strength may cause peeling.
- the chromium-based surface treatment layer is thicker than necessary, there is a demerit that the amount of use of chromate or chromium-based compounds with a large environmental load increases.
- the thickness of the chromium-based surface treatment layer is measured by investigating the existence state of elements by XPS analysis (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). Specifically, the depth from the surface layer until Ni element is detected as a result of XPS analysis is defined as the thickness of the chromium-based surface treatment layer.
- XPS analysis X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- the steel foil for an electricity storage device container according to the present embodiment may further include a polyolefin resin layer on the surface of the chromium surface treatment layer.
- polyolefin resin layer examples include low density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, cross-linked polyethylene, polypropylene, or a mixture of two or more of these.
- the polyolefin resin layer may be a single layer or multiple layers. Further, a polyolefin resin layer may be coated with a resin such as polyolefin, polyester, polyamide, or polyimide to form a plurality of layers.
- a resin such as polyolefin, polyester, polyamide, or polyimide to form a plurality of layers.
- the preferred thickness range of the polyolefin resin layer is 0.5 to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 15 to 100 ⁇ m. Further, even when polyolefin, polyester, polyamide, or polyimide is laminated on the polyolefin resin layer, the total thickness of the laminated layers is preferably 0.5 to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 15 to 100 ⁇ m. . If the total layer thickness is less than 0.5 ⁇ m, the permeation prevention of the corrosion-causing substances contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte may not be obtained sufficiently. In addition, if the total thickness is greater than 200 ⁇ m, the processability may be deteriorated, which is inappropriate as a member for a secondary battery container, and economic merit is hardly exhibited (cost becomes expensive).
- the tensile strength of the steel foil for an electricity storage device container is desirably 200 to 1200 MPa.
- the tensile strength of the steel foil for an electrical storage device container is less than 200 MPa, the strength is insufficient when used as an electrical storage device container, and the significance of using the steel foil is diminished.
- the tensile strength of the steel foil for an electricity storage device container exceeds 1200 MPa, it becomes difficult to handle the steel foil.
- the tensile strength is measured by a method based on a method used for evaluating a thin plate material in a tensile test method for a metal material specified in JIS Z2241 at room temperature.
- test piece according to JIS 13B is processed so that the roughness of the end face is 0.2 ⁇ m or less in Ra, and then subjected to a tensile test.
- the method for adjusting the roughness is not limited, but in this embodiment, the test piece was produced by a method in which the target steel foil was sandwiched and fixed from both sides by a thin steel plate having a thickness of about 1 mm, and the end face was milled.
- the container for an electricity storage device according to this embodiment is composed of the steel foil for an electricity storage device according to this embodiment, which further has a polyolefin resin layer on the surface of the chromium-based surface treatment layer.
- the steel foil for an electricity storage device according to this embodiment having a polyolefin-based resin layer is obtained by, for example, forming the steel foil for an electricity storage device into a shape as indicated by reference numeral 21 in FIG. Since the chemical component and the structure do not change by molding, the chemical component and the structure of the electricity storage device container according to the present embodiment are equivalent to the steel foil for the electricity storage device according to the present embodiment.
- the electricity storage device includes an electricity storage device container.
- an electricity storage device container For example, as shown in FIG. 8, at least a positive electrode and a negative electrode immersed in an electrolytic solution and a member constituting a battery are accommodated in a container 21 for an electricity storage device, and a positive electrode lead 22 connected to the positive electrode and a negative electrode connected to the negative electrode It can be obtained by further providing a lead 23 and the like.
- the manufacturing method of the steel foil for an electricity storage device container includes a nickel plating step of performing Ni plating on a steel plate, Ni in the plating layer and Fe of the steel plate after the nickel plating step. It comprises an annealing process for interdiffusion, a cold rolling process for cold rolling the steel sheet to form a foil, a recrystallization annealing process, and a chromium-based surface treatment process.
- a foil having a diffusion texture layer having the specific texture of this embodiment and having a surface crystal aspect ratio of 1.0 to 5.0 can be manufactured.
- a temper rolling step may be performed to adjust the foil strength (tensile strength of the steel foil).
- the manufacturing method of the steel foil for electrical storage device containers which concerns on this embodiment may also be equipped with the lamination process of a polyolefin resin layer after a chromium system surface treatment process. Preferred conditions for each step will be described.
- Nickel plating process In order to obtain the steel foil according to the present embodiment, nickel plating is applied to a steel plate obtained by a known method.
- the steel plate at this time may be a cold-rolled steel plate as cold-rolled or a cold-rolled steel plate after annealing.
- the method for forming the nickel plating is not particularly limited, but the electroplating method is preferable in terms of cost.
- the plating bath used in the electroplating is not particularly limited, but a Watt bath made of nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, and boric acid is preferable from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost or adhesion amount controllability.
- a Watt bath containing nickel sulfate: 200 to 400 g / l, nickel chloride: 20 to 100 g / l, boric acid: 5 to 50 g / l can be used.
- the adhesion amount of the nickel plating layer applied to the steel sheet in the nickel plating process is desirably 1 g / m 2 or more. If it is less than 1 g / m 2 , the coating rate may be lowered by subsequent cold rolling, and the corrosion resistance against the corrosion-causing substances contained in the organic electrolyte may be lowered. Moreover, Ni content of the diffusion alloy layer of steel foil may be less than 0.3 g / m ⁇ 2 > by subsequent cold rolling. Although an upper limit is restrict
- the adhesion amount of the nickel plating layer before cold rolling is more preferably 10 to 30 g / m 2 . However, even if the adhesion amount of the nickel plating layer before cold rolling exceeds 50 g / m 2 , a desirable steel foil can be obtained with respect to the metal structure and characteristics.
- the steel sheet (Ni-plated steel sheet) on which the nickel plating layer is formed in the nickel plating process is annealed so that Ni in the nickel plating and Fe in the steel sheet are interdiffused in the annealing process. Further, recrystallization may proceed in the process of mutual diffusion. Recrystallization by annealing after nickel plating (1) When the original plate before nickel plating is an unannealed plate, it means recrystallization of both the steel plate and the nickel plating layer. (2) Original plate before nickel plating When is an annealed plate, it means recrystallization of the nickel plating layer.
- the recrystallization temperature of the nickel plating layer is usually lower. This is because the strain introduced into the nickel plating layer in the nickel plating step becomes the driving force for recrystallization.
- the nickel plating layer has a Vickers hardness of about 250 to 300 Hv in a state where it is generated by electroplating, but when recrystallization occurs due to annealing, the Vickers hardness decreases to 200 Hv or less.
- Appropriate annealing conditions are determined by the product of temperature and time. That is, annealing at a high temperature requires a relatively short time, and at a low temperature, a relatively long time is required. Specific annealing methods include box annealing and continuous annealing. The presence or absence of interdiffusion can be determined from the result of elemental analysis by glow discharge emission analysis.
- Box-type annealing cannot be performed in a short time due to equipment characteristics. Therefore, in the case of box-type annealing, it is usual to perform a long time treatment for several hours to several days.
- the plate temperature during box-type annealing is low, and specifically, it is often set to 500 to 700 ° C.
- continuous annealing is preferably performed in a short time. Therefore, in the case of continuous annealing, a short time treatment of several seconds to several minutes is often performed.
- the plate temperature is increased, and specifically, it is often set to 700 to 900 ° C.
- annealing step either box-type annealing or continuous annealing may be performed as long as the temperature and time are appropriately controlled so that mutual diffusion occurs. If annealing is not performed under appropriate conditions, Ni plating is likely to be peeled off in the subsequent cold rolling process, and a texture in which the ⁇ 111> orientation is parallel to the rolling direction cannot be obtained.
- the Ni-plated steel sheet after the annealing step is cold-rolled to produce a foil having a thickness of 200 ⁇ m or less, preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the ⁇ 111> orientation of the ⁇ 111> pole density of the reverse pole figure in the rolling direction is 2.0 or more and 6.0 or less.
- a texture that is parallel to the rolling direction is formed.
- the cumulative rolling ratio (total cumulative rolling ratio) up to the final pass of cold rolling is 70% or more, preferably 90% or more.
- the cumulative rolling rate is the percentage of the cumulative rolling reduction amount up to the pass relative to the inlet plate thickness of the first rolling pass (the difference between the inlet plate thickness before the first pass and the outlet plate thickness after the corresponding pass). is there. If the cumulative rolling ratio up to the final pass is small, a desired texture cannot be obtained.
- the upper limit of the cumulative rolling rate up to the final pass is not particularly limited, but about 98% is the limit in normal rolling capacity.
- cold rolling is performed in a plurality of passes. Increasing the number of rolling passes can prevent wrinkles and breaks in the manufacturing process.
- the rolling reduction in each pass when performing cold rolling in a plurality of passes is not particularly limited, and rolling may be performed with any rolling schedule, but the ⁇ 111> orientation is aligned with the rolling direction and dense.
- the number of rolling passes is at least 7 passes
- the rolling reduction of the first rolling pass is 30% or less
- the cumulative rolling reduction in the 4th rolling pass is 70% or less
- rolling is performed two times before the final pass.
- the difference between the cumulative rolling rate in the pass and the cumulative rolling rate in the final pass is preferably 5% or less.
- the rolling reduction rate of the first rolling pass is 30% or less
- the cumulative rolling rate in the first rolling pass is set to 70% or less in the rolling pass up to the fourth (including the fourth) rolling pass. It is suppressed to 70% or less so that the cumulative rolling ratio in the first half does not become too large.
- the second half can be rolled at a lower rolling reduction than the first half. it can. In these cases, it can be built into an organization with less disturbance.
- recrystallization annealing After cold rolling, recrystallization annealing is performed to adjust the crystal aspect ratio of the surface of the diffusion alloy layer to a range of 1.0 to 5.0.
- the recrystallization annealing may be continuous annealing in which the steel foil is continuously fed into the annealing furnace. If the annealing temperature in the recrystallization annealing process is too low, the aspect ratio cannot be adjusted to a range of 1.0 to 5.0, and workability cannot be improved. If the annealing temperature is too high, creep elongation occurs and the steel foil cannot pass through the inside of the annealing furnace. Further, the texture of the diffusion alloy layer may be destroyed.
- the annealing temperature for recrystallization annealing is in the range of 750 to 1100 ° C., preferably in the range of 800 to 1000 ° C., and more preferably in the range of 800 to 900 ° C.
- the annealing time is in the range of 4 to 120 seconds, preferably in the range of 10 to 60 seconds, and more preferably in the range of 15 to 30 seconds.
- the annealing time is the holding time at the annealing temperature.
- the annealing temperature is low, the necessary annealing time becomes long. Therefore, when the annealing time (second) is Tc and the annealing temperature (° C.) is Ta, Tc and Ta are 750 ⁇ Ta ⁇ 800. The following formula (1) is satisfied, and when Ta> 800, the formula (2) must be satisfied.
- Tc ⁇ 13-0.1 ⁇ (Ta-750) (1) Tc ⁇ 8 ⁇ (4/300) ⁇ (Ta ⁇ 800) (2)
- Tc and Ta preferably satisfy the following formula (3) when 750 ⁇ Ta ⁇ 800, and satisfy formula (4) when Ta> 800.
- Tc ⁇ 16 ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ (Ta-750) (3) Tc ⁇ 11 ⁇ 0.02 ⁇ (Ta ⁇ 800) (4)
- the foil strength may be lower than the above-mentioned preferable range (200 to 1200 MPa), but even in this case, the corrosion resistance of the organic electrolyte is not impaired.
- FIG. 6A to FIG. 6E show examples of metal element analysis results in the depth direction of the diffusion alloy layer.
- elemental analysis by glow discharge emission analysis is performed while etching the diffusion alloy layer with argon plasma.
- the horizontal axis represents the etching time
- the vertical axis represents the detected intensity of each element.
- the vertical axis in FIGS. 6A to 6E is the detected intensity, not the atomic ratio.
- FIG. 6A shows a diffusion alloy layer that has not been subjected to recrystallization annealing.
- FIG. 6B shows an example in which the recrystallization annealing condition is 600 ° C. for 30 seconds.
- FIG. 6C shows an example in which the recrystallization annealing condition is 600 ° C. for 120 seconds.
- FIG. 6D shows an example in which the recrystallization annealing condition is 800 ° C. for 30 seconds.
- FIG. 6E shows an example in which the recrystallization annealing condition is 800 ° C. for 120 seconds.
- the cumulative rolling rate of the cold rolling is in a specific range. It is important to carry out recrystallization annealing while controlling the temperature of the steel.
- the chromium-based surface treatment includes trivalent chromium treatment and chromate treatment.
- Specific examples of the chromium surface treatment method include a method of applying an aqueous solution containing chromium oxide as a main component, an aqueous solution containing chromium oxide and phosphoric acid as main components, and a method of performing an electrolytic chromate treatment.
- a method of applying an aqueous solution mainly composed of chromium oxide and polyacrylic acid, heating and drying, and the like can be exemplified. However, it is not limited to these.
- a polyolefin resin layer may be formed on the steel foil after the chromium-based surface treatment process.
- the polyolefin resin layer may be laminated by a heat laminating method.
- the steel foil for an electricity storage device container thus manufactured is further processed into a container for an electricity storage device through press molding or the like.
- an electrical storage device is manufactured by inserting an electrode in the electrical storage device container and injecting a nonaqueous electrolytic solution such as an organic electrolytic solution.
- a lithium ion secondary battery can be manufactured by using a positive electrode and a negative electrode capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions as electrodes and using an organic electrolyte containing a lithium salt as an electrolyte.
- a capacitor can be manufactured by a combination of an electrode made of activated carbon and an organic electrolyte.
- the conditions of the examples are one example of conditions adopted for confirming the feasibility and effects of the present invention, and the present invention is limited to this one example of conditions. Is not to be done.
- the present invention can adopt various conditions as long as the object of the present invention is achieved without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- Ni-plating was performed on the cold-rolled steel sheet (unannealed material) having the component composition shown in Table 1 by electroplating after degreasing and pickling.
- Nickel plating uses a plating bath containing nickel sulfate: 320 g / l, nickel chloride: 70 g / l, boric acid: 40 g / l, and various deposits at a bath temperature of 65 ° C. and a current density of 20 A / dm 2 .
- a nickel plating layer was formed.
- continuous annealing treatment was performed at a predetermined temperature and time in an atmosphere of 5% H 2 (remainder N 2 ). Thereafter, cold rolling was performed at a predetermined cumulative rolling rate, and recrystallization annealing was performed in a 5% H 2 (remainder N 2 ) atmosphere to produce a foil.
- Table 2 shows the thickness of the original plate, the adhesion amount of the nickel plating layer (Ni plating amount) measured using a fluorescent X-ray analyzer, the annealing conditions, the cumulative rolling rate, the thickness of the obtained foil, and the recrystallization annealing conditions.
- Table 3 is a table
- Ni adhesion amount of diffusion alloy layer The amount was measured with a fluorescent X-ray analyzer in the same manner as the measurement of the amount of adhesion of the nickel plating layer of the steel sheet. Specifically, a square sample having a side of 35 mm was cut out, and using a fluorescent X-ray analyzer ZSX-100e manufactured by Rigaku Corporation, the mask diameter was 30 mm ⁇ , and Ni K ⁇ fluorescent X-ray was emitted from the surface of the diffusion alloy layer. The strength was measured.
- the amount of adhesion was converted to the amount of adhesion by a calibration curve prepared by measuring a standard material obtained by applying pure Ni plating to the same steel material and performing alloying annealing on the same steel material, and was used as the amount of Ni adhesion of the diffusion alloy layer.
- Texture (extreme density): (The pole density was measured by the EBSD method. Specifically, after pretreatment (acetone ultrasonic degreasing) was performed on the specimen, it was set on the SEM / EBSD sample stage. RD direction: 120 ⁇ m and TD direction: 100 ⁇ m The azimuth measurement was performed at 0.2 ⁇ m intervals in the region of 1. The FE-SEM (Hitachi SU-70) equipped with a Schottky-type thermoelectron gun was used, and the acceleration voltage was 25 kV. As software for performing analysis by the EBSD method, OSL system v5.31 manufactured by TSL Solutions was used.
- the pole density in the random state was taken as 1, and the pole density in the ⁇ 111> orientation was determined.
- the pole density in the ⁇ 111> orientation here is the value of the maximum pole density in a range within 5 ° from ⁇ 111>.
- XRD intensity ratio X-ray diffraction measurement of the diffusion alloy layer was performed by 2 ⁇ / ⁇ method using CuK ⁇ as the X-ray source. From the intensity I FeNi3 of X-ray diffraction peak intensities of the diffraction peaks of Ni obtained by diffractometry I Ni and FeNi 3, was determined diffraction intensity ratio (I FeNi3 / I Ni).
- the diffraction peak intensity I Ni of Ni is the diffraction peak intensity at which the diffraction angle (2 ⁇ / ⁇ ) appears around 51.8 ° when the X-ray source is CuK ⁇ .
- the diffraction peak intensity I FeNi3 of FeNi 3 was the diffraction peak intensity at which the diffraction angle (2 ⁇ / ⁇ ) appears around 51 ° ⁇ 0.1 ° when the X-ray source is CuK ⁇ .
- aspect ratio It calculated
- the EBSD orientation mapping image an inverted pole orientation mapping image was used, and Ni was used as the lattice data. Divide the EBSD orientation mapping image with a 100 ⁇ m field of view into four equal parts, and randomly select 100 crystal grains in which the grain boundaries are clearly identified from each of the divided areas. The maximum vertical and horizontal lengths of the selected crystal grains The shorter side was taken as the minor axis and the longer side was taken as the major axis. The major axis / minor axis was calculated to obtain the aspect ratio of each crystal grain. Since 100 pieces were selected from each of the four equally divided areas, a total of 400 aspect ratios were obtained. And this average value was made into the aspect ratio. As for the aspect ratio, 1.0 to 2.85 was evaluated as A rank, 2.85 to 5.0 or less was evaluated as B rank, and 5.0 was evaluated as disqualified (NG).
- a rolled steel foil was cut out with a sharp blade with a width of 1 cm and a length of 10 cm to make a test piece, and a tensile test was performed at a distance of 10 mm and a chuck moving speed of 1 mm / min using an autograph AGS-H manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation. And the elongation to break was measured. Breaking elongation of 12% or more was ranked as A rank, 10 to less than 12% as B rank, 7 to less than 10% as C rank, 5 to less than 7% as D rank, and less than 5% as failure (NG).
- Electrolytic solution resistance A chromium-based surface treatment layer was formed on the steel foils of Examples 1 to 17 and Comparative Examples 1 to 9. Chromium-based surface treatment is performed by adding phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, ammonium fluoride, etc. to a room temperature bath composed of chromic anhydride 25 g / L, sulfuric acid 3 g / L, nitric acid 4 g / L, and a cathode current density of 25 A / dm. 2 formed an electrolytic chromate treatment layer. The thickness of the chromate treatment layer was adjusted to 10 nm by adjusting the treatment time.
- the thickness of the chromate treatment layer was directly measured and controlled.
- the chromate treatment was performed only on one side.
- a polypropylene film having a thickness of 30 ⁇ m was laminated on the chromate treatment layer.
- test pieces cut out of 5 mm ⁇ 40 mm of steel foil laminated with a polypropylene film were prepared for each example, and about 5 test pieces of half were made of polypropylene bottles that could be sealed using a lid. It was completely immersed in the electrolyte solution and kept at 80 ° C. for 7 days. A 180 ° peel test in accordance with JIS K 6854-2 was performed on all of the five test pieces not immersed in the electrolyte solution and the five test pieces immersed in the electrolyte solution, and the adhesion strength of the polypropylene film was measured. did. Dividing the adhesion strength of the immersed test piece by the adhesion strength of the non-immersed test piece to give a percentage was used as an index of the electrolyte resistance. The lower the decrease rate, the higher the electrolytic solution resistance.
- the reduction rate of Comparative Example 5 (as Ni plating) in this test is 50%, but the reduction rate is less than 50% as better than Comparative Example 5 (GOOD), and the reduction rate is 50% or more. It was judged as rejected (NG) as being equivalent to or worse than Comparative Example 5.
- the electrolytic solution used was a lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) diluted to a concentration of 1 mol / L with a solvent in which ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate were mixed in a ratio of 1: 1.
- the examples of the present invention showed good electrolytic solution resistance and good workability.
- the comparative example resulted in inferior either or both of the electrolytic solution resistance and workability.
- the texture of the diffusion alloy layers of Examples 1 to 17 and Comparative Examples 1 and 3 shown in Table 4 has a high degree of integration in the ⁇ 111> and ⁇ 001> orientations of the RD, and the pole density in the ⁇ 111> orientation of the RD is high. 2.0 or more.
- accumulation of ND was observed from ⁇ 101> to ⁇ 112>, and accumulation of ⁇ 101> orientation was observed for TD, but the pole density was less than 2.0. Therefore, in these Examples and Comparative Examples, it was a diffusion alloy layer having a texture in which the ⁇ 111> orientation was parallel to the rolling direction.
- the aspect ratio was B rank or more. Therefore, Examples 1 to 17 are considered to have good electrolytic solution resistance and good workability.
- Comparative Examples 1 and 3 were considered to have deteriorated workability because the aspect ratio was more than 5.0.
- Comparative Examples 5, 6, 8, and 9 have a low degree of integration of ⁇ 111> and ⁇ 001> orientations of RD, a pole density of ⁇ 111> orientation of RD is less than 2.0, and ⁇ 111> orientation is rolled. It could not be said to be parallel to the direction. For this reason, it is thought that the electrolytic solution resistance was low.
- Comparative Example 2 since the temperature of the heat treatment after cold rolling was too high, a desired texture was not obtained, and thus the resistance to electrolytic solution was greatly reduced. Moreover, since the comparative example 4 did not form the nickel plating layer, the diffusion alloy layer was not formed, and the electrolytic solution resistance was significantly lowered. Furthermore, in Comparative Example 7, since annealing before cold rolling was not performed, a diffusion layer of Fe and Ni was not formed, and the nickel plating layer was destroyed during cold rolling.
- the adhesion between the base material and the resin layer can be obtained even in an electrolyte solution.
- An excellent steel foil for an electricity storage device container can be provided at low cost.
- an electricity storage device comprising an electricity storage device container made of steel foil for an electricity storage device container and an electricity storage device container can be provided. Therefore, industrial applicability is high.
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Abstract
Description
(1)本発明の一態様に係る蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔は、厚さ200μm以下の圧延鋼箔と、前記圧延鋼箔の表層に形成され、Ni及びFeを含む拡散合金層と、前記拡散合金層上に形成されたクロム系表面処理層と、を備え、前記拡散合金層における圧延方向の逆極点図の<111>極密度が2.0以上6.0以下であり、前記拡散合金層の表面における結晶のアスペクト比が1.0以上5.0以下である。
(2)上記(1)の蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔は、前記拡散合金層に対するX線回折測定によって得られた、Niの回折ピークの強度INiとFeNi3の回折ピークの強度IFeNi3との比であるIFeNi3/INiが5.0以上であるか、または、前記Niの回折ピークが検出されなくてもよい。
(3)上記(1)または(2)の蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔は、さらに、前記クロム系表面処理層の表面に形成されたポリオレフィン系樹脂層を有してもよい。
(4)本発明の別の態様に係る蓄電デバイス用容器は上記(3)に記載の蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔からなる。
(5)本発明の別の態様に係る蓄電デバイスは上記(4)に記載の蓄電デバイス用容器を備える。
(6)本発明の別の態様に係る蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔の製造方法は、鋼板にニッケルめっきを行って前記鋼板上にNiめっき層を形成し、Niめっき鋼板を得るニッケルめっき工程と、前記Niめっき鋼板に、前記鋼板中のFeと前記Niめっき層中のNiが相互拡散するように焼鈍を行う焼鈍工程と、前記Niめっき鋼板に、累積圧延率が70%以上の冷間圧延を施して、鋼箔を得る冷間圧延工程と、前記鋼箔に対し、750℃~1100℃で、4~120秒の焼鈍を、焼鈍時間を単位秒でTc、焼鈍温度を単位℃でTaとしたとき、前記Tcと前記Taが、750≦Ta≦800の場合に以下の式(i)を満たし、Ta>800の場合に式(ii)を満たす焼鈍条件で行う再結晶焼鈍工程と、前記鋼箔に対してクロム系表面処理を行うクロム系表面処理工程と、を有する。
Tc≧13-0.1×(Ta-750) (i)
Tc≧8-(4/300)×(Ta-800) (ii)
(7)上記(6)に記載の蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔の製造方法は、前記再結晶焼鈍工程において、前記Tcと前記Taが、750≦Ta≦800の場合に以下の式(iii)を満たし、Ta>800の場合に式(iv)を満たしてもよい。
Tc≧16-0.1×(Ta-750) (iii)
Tc≧11-0.02×(Ta-800) (iv)
(8)上記(6)または(7)に記載の蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔の製造方法は、さらに、前記クロム系表面処理工程後の前記鋼箔の表面に、ポリオレフィン樹脂層を形成するポリオレフィン樹脂層の形成工程を含んでもよい。
このような蓄電デバイス用容器は、蓄電デバイスに備えられた非水電解液に常に曝される。非水電解液は有機溶媒とリチウム塩とを含んでおり、長期間の使用によって有機溶媒又はリチウム塩が分解して酸などの腐食原因物質が生成する場合がある。例えば、六ふっ化りん酸リチウムをリチウム塩として用いた場合は、腐食原因物質としてふっ酸が生成する場合がある。
本発明者らは、腐食原因物質が有機溶媒中に生成すると、金属基材、クロム系表面処理層またはポリオレフィン樹脂層を攻撃し、ポリオレフィン樹脂層の剥離が発生する場合があることを見出した。ポリオレフィン樹脂層の剥離は、金属基材の腐食またはポリオレフィン樹脂層の劣化によるものと考えられる。従って、ポリオレフィン樹脂層の剥離防止には、金属基材の耐腐食性の向上が有効と考えられる。
本実施形態に係る鋼箔は、表層にNi及びFeを含む拡散合金層が形成された厚さ200μm以下の圧延鋼箔を基材とする。
基材として厚さ200μm以下の圧延鋼箔を用いたのは、電解箔よりもコストと強度との点で有利であることに加え、後述するように、拡散合金層の集合組織を制御するためにも圧延が有用だからである。
本実施形態に係る鋼箔の製造に用いる圧延鋼箔は、鋼板を圧延することによって得られる。鋼板は、特に限定されず、熱延鋼板、冷延鋼板、及び冷延焼鈍鋼板のいずれも用いることができる。しかしながら、熱延鋼板を後述の冷間圧延で200μm以下の箔とすることは、圧延能力上、困難な場合が多い。また、可能であっても、非効率、非経済的となる。従って、本実施形態に係る鋼箔の基材には冷延鋼板、又は冷延焼鈍鋼板を用いるのがよい。
Si:0.001~0.5%、
Mn:0.01~1.0%、
P:0.001~0.05%、
S:0.0001~0.02%、
Al:0.0005~0.20%、
N:0.0001~0.0040%、及び、
残部:Fe及び不純物。
各元素の含有量を上述の範囲とすることが好ましい理由について説明する。
Cは、鋼の強度を高める元素である。C含有量が過剰になると強度が上昇しすぎて、圧延性が低下する。本実施形態に係る鋼箔は、後に述べるように、大きな累積圧延率の加工硬化によって高強度化する。そのため、圧延の容易さを考慮すると、素材となる鋼板は軟質であることが好ましい。従って、C含有量の上限を0.1%とするのが好ましい。C含有量の下限を特に規定する必要はないが、精錬コストを考慮して、C含有量の下限は0.0001%とすることが好ましい。C含有量は、より好ましくは0.001~0.01%である。
Siは、鋼の強度を高める元素である。Si含有量が過剰になると鋼の強度が上昇しすぎて、鋼の圧延性が低下する。従って、Si含有量の上限を0.5%とすることが好ましい。Si含有量の下限は特に規定する必要はないが、精練コストを考慮して、Si含有量の下限を0.001%とすることが好ましい。より高い圧延性を確保するためには、Si含有量は0.001~0.02%がより好ましい。
Mnは、鋼の強度を高める元素である。Mn含有量が過剰になると鋼の強度が上昇しすぎて、圧延性が低下する。従って、Mn含有量の上限を1.0%とすることが好ましい。Mn含有量の下限を特に規定する必要はないが、精練コストを考慮して、Mn含有量の下限を0.01%とすることが好ましい。より高い圧延性を確保するためには、Mn含有量は0.01~0.5%とすることがより好ましい。
Pは、鋼の強度を高める元素である。P含有量が、過剰になると鋼の強度が上昇しすぎて、圧延性が低下する。従って、P含有量の上限を0.05%とすることが好ましい。P含有量の下限を特に規定する必要はないが、精練コストを考慮して、P含有量の下限を0.001%とすることが好ましい。より高い圧延性を確保するためには、P含有量は0.001~0.02%とすることがより好ましい。
Sは、鋼の熱間加工性及び耐腐食性を低下させる元素である。そのため、S含有量は少ないほど好ましい。特に、S含有量が0.02%を超えると熱間加工性及び耐腐食性の低下が顕著となるので、S含有量の上限を0.02%とすることが好ましい。S含有量の下限を特に規定する必要はないが、精練コストを考慮して、S含有量の下限を0.0001%とすることが好ましい。より高い圧延性を確保するため、また、コストの点で優位性を得るためには、S含有量を0.001~0.01%とすることがより好ましい。
Alは、鋼の脱酸元素として添加される。脱酸による効果を得るためには、Al含有量を0.0005%以上とすることが好ましい。しかしながら、Al含有量が過剰になると鋼の圧延性が低下するので、Al含有量の上限を0.20%とすることが好ましい。より高い圧延性を確保するためには、Al含有量を0.001~0.10%とすることがより好ましい。
Nは、鋼の熱間加工性及び加工性を低下させる元素である。そのため、N含有量は少ないほど好ましい。特に、N含有量が0.0040%を超えると熱間加工性及び加工性の低下が顕著となるので、N含有量の上限を0.0040%とすることが好ましい。N含有量の下限を特に規定する必要はないが、精錬コストを考慮して、N含有量の下限を0.0001%とすることが好ましい。また、コストの点で優位性を得るためには、N含有量を0.001~0.0040%とすることがより好ましい。
鋼板の残部は、Fe及び不純物である。
本実施形態に係る蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔は、圧延鋼箔の表層に、拡散合金層を有している。この拡散合金層は、<111>方位が圧延方向に平行である集合組織からなり、NiとFeとを含んでいる。ここで、<111>方位が圧延方向に平行とは、fcc(面心立方格子)構造のNi(ニッケル)またはFeNi3の<111>方位が圧延方向に平行であることを意味する。
具体的には、その集合組織として、圧延方向(RD)の<111>方位の極密度が2.0以上である。圧延方向(RD)の<111>方位の極密度が2.0以上であれば、良好な特性が得られる。本発明における<111>方位の極密度とは、<111>から5°以内の範囲における最大の極密度の値として定義される。圧延方向の<111>方位の極密度の最大値は、特に限定されないが、通常、6.0程度を超えない。従って、圧延方向の<111>方位の極密度の実質的な上限は6.0である。
具体的には、アスペクト比は以下の方法で求める。すなわち、拡散合金層の表面にて観察した100μmの視野のEBSD方位マッピング像を4等分割し、その分割したそれぞれのエリアの中から、粒界がはっきり確認される結晶粒をランダムに100個選び、選択した結晶粒の縦横の最大長さをそれぞれ測定し、短い方を短軸、長い方を長軸とする。そして長軸/短軸を計算して個々の結晶粒のアスペクト比とする。4等分割したエリアから100個ずつ選ぶので、計400個のアスペクト比が得られる。そして、400個のアスペクト比の平均値をアスペクト比と定義する。
拡散合金層中のNi及びFeは、めっき後の焼鈍工程及び冷間圧延後の再結晶焼鈍工程において相互拡散し、Niの大部分がFeの一部と化合してFeNi3を形成する。再結晶焼鈍工程において、FeNi3は再結晶焼鈍温度である750℃以上に加熱する際、500~700℃の温度域を通過したときに生成しはじめる。従って、拡散合金層中にFeNi3が多く含まれるほど、その拡散合金層は、再結晶焼鈍において十分にひずみが緩和されたものになる。
拡散合金層におけるNi付着量は、JIS H8501に規定される蛍光X線式試験方法により測定する。さらに詳細には、本明細書中の拡散合金層のNi付着量は、拡散合金層表面から蛍光X線式試験方法により、NiのKα蛍光X線強度を測定し、これを拡散合金層におけるNiの付着量として換算した値で示す。
蛍光X線強度を付着量に換算するための検量線は、基材と同種の鋼板をNi付着量0の標準試験材とし、同じ鋼材に純Niを所定量付着させたNiめっき鋼板を、還元雰囲気で800℃で30秒焼鈍した合金化めっき鋼板を標準試験材として測定して作成した検量線を用いる。厳密には、この標準試験材による検量線でNi付着量を測定・換算すると、標準試験材よりも合金化の進んだ材料については、実際のNi付着量より、低めに測定され、合金化のあまり進んでいない材料については実際のNi付着量より、多めに測定されるが、本発明では箔圧延により、通常の鋼材のめっきより薄い表面層にしかNiが分布していないために、合金化の影響がわずかであることから、このようにして測定したNi付着量で拡散合金層におけるNi付着量を規定する。
本実施形態に係る蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔は、拡散合金層の表面にクロム系表面処理層を備える。クロム系表面処理層は、その厚みを2nm以上200nm以下とすることが好ましく、5nm以上60nm以下とすることがより好ましく、8nm以上40nm以下とすることがさらに好ましい。クロム系表面処理層は、少なくとも片面に形成されていればよいが、両面に形成されていても構わない。
本実施形態に係る蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔は、さらに、クロム系表面処理層の表面に、ポリオレフィン系樹脂層を備えてもよい。
ここで、引張強度は、常温においてJIS Z2241に規定される金属材料の引張試験方法の中で、薄板材料の評価に用いられる方法に準拠した方法で測定する。ただし、鋼箔の場合、端面の粗度の影響が非常に大きいので、試験片の作製の際、端面の表面仕上げの粗度をなるべく小さくする必要がある。そのため、箔の引張試験においては、JIS 13B号に準拠した試験片を、端面の粗度がRaで0.2μm以下となるように加工した後、引張試験に供する。粗度を調整する方法は限定されないが、本実施形態においては、対象の鋼箔を1mm程度の厚みの薄鋼板で両側から挟んで固定し、端面をフライス仕上げする方法で試験片を作製した。
本実施形態に係る蓄電デバイス用容器は、クロム系表面処理層の表面にさらにポリオレフィン系樹脂層を有する本実施形態に係る蓄電デバイス用鋼箔からなる。具体的には、ポリオレフィン系樹脂層を有する本実施形態に係る蓄電デバイス用鋼箔を、例えば図8の符号21に示すような形状に公知の方法で成形することによって得られる。成形によって化学成分や組織は変化しないので、本実施形態に係る蓄電デバイス用容器の化学成分や組織は、本実施形態に係る蓄電デバイス用鋼箔と同等である。
本実施形態に係る蓄電デバイスは、蓄電デバイス用容器を備える。例えば図8に示すように、蓄電デバイス用容器21の内部に、少なくとも電解液に浸した正極及び負極と、電池を構成する部材とを納め、正極と接続した正極リード22、負極と接続した負極リード23等をさらに設けることによって得られる。
各工程の好ましい条件について説明する。
本実施形態に係る鋼箔を得るために、公知の方法で得られた鋼板にニッケルめっきを施す。この際の鋼板は、冷延ままの冷延鋼板であっても、焼鈍後の冷延鋼板であってもよい。ニッケルめっきの形成方法は、特に限定されないが、コストの点で、電気めっき法が好ましい。電気めっきで用いるめっき浴は、特に限定されないが、製造コスト又は付着量制御性の観点から、硫酸ニッケル、塩化ニッケル、ほう酸からなるWatt浴が好適である。Watt浴としては、例えば、硫酸ニッケル:200~400g/l、塩化ニッケル:20~100g/l、ほう酸:5~50g/lを含むWatt浴を用いることができる。
ニッケルめっき工程にてニッケルめっき層を形成した鋼板(Niめっき鋼板)に、焼鈍工程にてニッケルめっき中のNiと鋼板中のFeとが相互拡散するように焼鈍を行う。また、相互拡散の過程で、再結晶が進んでもよい。ニッケルめっき後の焼鈍による再結晶とは(1)ニッケルめっき前の原板が未焼鈍板であった場合には、鋼板及びニッケルめっき層双方の再結晶を意味し、(2)ニッケルめっき前の原板が焼鈍板であった場合には、ニッケルめっき層の再結晶を意味する。ニッケルめっき層及び鋼板の再結晶温度を比較すると、通常、ニッケルめっき層の再結晶温度の方が低い。これは、ニッケルめっき工程にてニッケルめっき層に導入される歪が再結晶の駆動力となるからである。
焼鈍工程後のNiめっき鋼板に冷間圧延を施し、厚さ200μm以下、好ましくは100μm以下、より好ましくは20μm以下の箔を製造する。焼鈍後の冷間圧延において、後述の通り各パスでの圧延率を制御することにより、圧延方向の逆極点図の<111>極密度が2.0以上6.0以下の<111>方位が圧延方向に平行である集合組織が形成される。
圧延パスの回数を少なくとも7パス以上とすることで、1回の圧延パス当たりの圧下率を小さくできる。また、1回目の圧延パスの圧下率を30%以下とし、4回目まで(4回目を含む)の圧延パスにおける累積圧延率を70%以下とすることで、前半の圧延パスにおける累積圧延率を70%以下に抑えて、前半の累積圧延率が大きくなりすぎないようにする。更に、最終パスの2つ前の圧延パスにおける累積圧延率と最終パスにおける累積圧延率との差を5%以下にすることで、後半は前半よりもより圧下率を抑えて圧延を行うことができる。これらの場合、より乱れが少ない組織に作り込むことができる。
冷間圧延の後に、再結晶焼鈍を行って、拡散合金層の表面の結晶のアスペクト比を1.0~5.0の範囲に調整する。再結晶焼鈍は、焼鈍炉内に鋼箔を連続して送り込む連続焼鈍でよい。再結晶焼鈍工程における焼鈍温度が低すぎると、アスペクト比を1.0~5.0の範囲に調整できず、加工性を高めることができない。また、焼鈍温度が高すぎると、クリープ伸びが発生して焼鈍炉内部を鋼箔が通過できなくなる。また、拡散合金層の集合組織が崩れるおそれがある。焼鈍温度が適切であっても焼鈍時間が短すぎると、アスペクト比を1.0~5.0の範囲に調整できない。また、焼鈍温度が適切であっても焼鈍時間が長すぎると、加工性の向上効果が飽和する。再結晶焼鈍の焼鈍温度は、750~1100℃の範囲であり、好ましくは800~1000℃の範囲であり、より好ましくは800~900℃の範囲である。また焼鈍時間は、4~120秒の範囲であり、10~60秒の範囲が好ましく、15~30秒の範囲がより好ましい。焼鈍時間は、焼鈍温度での保持時間である。さらに、焼鈍温度が低い場合には、必要な焼鈍時間は長くなるため、焼鈍時間(秒)をTc、焼鈍温度(℃)をTaとしたとき、TcとTaが、750≦Ta≦800の場合に以下の式(1)満たし、Ta>800の場合に式(2)を満たす必要がある。
Tc≧13-0.1×(Ta-750) (1)
Tc≧8-(4/300)×(Ta-800) (2)
より安定してアスペクト比を1.0~5.0とする場合、及び、回折強度比を5.0以上とする場合、焼鈍時間(秒)をTc、焼鈍温度(℃)をTaとしたとき、TcとTaが、750≦Ta≦800の場合に以下の式(3)満たし、Ta>800の場合に式(4)を満たすことが好ましい。
Tc≧16-0.1×(Ta-750) (3)
Tc≧11-0.02×(Ta-800) (4)
また、図6B~図6Eに示すように、再結晶焼鈍の温度が高くなり、また、焼鈍時間が長くなるにつれて、Feは拡散合金層の表面にまで拡散していることがわかる。
このように、再結晶焼鈍は、拡散合金層中の結晶のアスペクト比を1.0~5.0にするほかに、Fe及びNiの相互拡散を更に進めることができる。
再結晶焼鈍後の鋼箔に対してクロム系表面処理を行う。クロム系表面処理には、3価クロム処理やクロメート処理などが含まれる。
具体的なクロム系表面処理の方法としては,酸化クロムを主成分とする水溶液や酸化クロムとりん酸を主成分とする水溶液等を塗布する方法、又は電解クロメート処理する方法が例示できる。その他にも、従来公知のクロム系表面処理方法として酸化クロムとポリアクリル酸とを主成分とする水溶液を塗布して加熱及び乾燥する方法等も例示できる。しかしながら、これらに限定されるものではない。
クロム系表面処理工程後の鋼箔に、ポリオレフィン樹脂層を形成してもよい。ポリオレフィン樹脂層は、熱ラミネート法によって積層すればよい。
表1に示す成分組成の冷延鋼板(未焼鈍材)に対して、脱脂及び酸洗の後、電気めっき法により、Niめっきを行った。
表3は、冷間圧延の各圧延パスまでの累積圧延率を表す圧下パターンを示す表である。例えば、実施例1は、最終の累積圧延率が95%であり、圧下パターンA5であるので、表3に示すように合計で14パスを行ったことを示している。
表1に示す成分組成Al-kの冷延鋼板(未焼鈍材)を使用し、ニッケルめっきは行わず、5%H2(残部N2)雰囲気で、所定の温度及び時間で連続焼鈍処理を行った。その後、所定の累積圧延率で冷間圧延を行い、更に5%H2(残部N2)雰囲気で再結晶焼鈍を行って箔を製造した。
表1に示す成分組成Al-kの冷延鋼板(未焼鈍材)を使用し、先の例と同条件で、Niめっきを行った。その後、連続焼鈍は行わず、冷間圧延及び再結晶焼鈍を行って箔を製造した。
表1に示す成分組成Al-kの20μm箔を使用し、先の例と同じ条件でNiめっきを行った。その後の連続焼鈍工程及び冷間圧延は実施しなかった。再結晶焼鈍は、比較例8に対しては行わず、比較例9に対しては行った。このようにして比較例8、9の箔を製造した。
拡散合金層のNi付着量:
鋼板のニッケルめっき層の付着量の測定と同様の方法で、蛍光X線分析装置により定量した。具体的には、1辺が35mmの正方形のサンプルを切り出し、株式会社リガクの蛍光X線分析装置ZSX-100eを使用して、マスク径30mmφで、拡散合金層表面からNiのKα蛍蛍光X線強度を測定した。同じ鋼材及びその鋼材に対して純Niめっきを付着させて合金化焼鈍を施した標準材を測定して作成した検量線により付着量に換算し、拡散合金層のNi付着量とした。
(EBSD法によって極密度を測定した。具体的には、供試材に前処理(アセトン超音波脱脂)を施した後、SEM/EBSD試料台にセットした。RD方向:120μmかつTD方向:100μmの領域に対して、0.2μm間隔にて、方位測定を行った。測定には、ショットキー型熱電子銃を搭載したFE-SEM(日立製SU-70)を用い、加速電圧は25kVに設定した。EBSD法による分析を行うためのソフトとして、TSLソリューションズ製OIMシステムv5.31を使用した。
X線源としてCuKαを用い、2θ/θ法により、拡散合金層のX線回折測定を行った。X線回折測定によって得られたNiの回折ピークの強度INiとFeNi3の回折ピークの強度IFeNi3から、回折強度比(IFeNi3/INi)を求めた。Niの回折ピークの強度INiは、X線源をCuKαとした場合の回折角度(2θ/θ)が51.8°付近に出現する回折ピーク強度を用いた。また、FeNi3の回折ピークの強度IFeNi3は、X線源をCuKαとした場合の回折角度(2θ/θ)が51°±0.1°付近に出現する回折ピーク強度を用いた。
EBSD方位マッピング像に基づいて求めた。EBSD方位マッピング像として、逆極点方位マッピング像を用い、格子データとしてはNiを用いた。
100μmの視野のEBSD方位マッピング像を4等分割し、その分割したそれぞれのエリアの中から、粒界がはっきり確認される結晶粒をランダムに100個選び、選択した結晶粒の縦横の最大長さをそれぞれ測定し、短い方を短軸、長い方を長軸とした。そして長軸/短軸を計算して個々の結晶粒のアスペクト比とした。4等分割したエリアから100個ずつ選んだので、計400個のアスペクト比が得られた。そして、この平均値をアスペクト比とした。
アスペクト比は、1.0以上2.85以下をAランク、2.85超5.0以下をBランク、5.0超を不合格(NG)と評価した。
圧延鋼箔を幅1cm、長さ10cmに鋭利な刃物で切り出して試験片とし、株式会社島津製作所製オートグラフAGS-Hを用いて、評点間距離10mm、チャック移動速度1mm/分で引張試験を行い、破断までの伸びを測定した。破断伸び12%以上をAランク、10~12%未満をBランク、7~10%未満をCランク、5~7%未満をDランク、5%未満を不合格(NG)とした。
実施例1~17及び比較例1~9の鋼箔に対し、クロム系表面処理層を形成した。クロム系表面処理は、無水クロム酸25g/L,硫酸3g/L,硝酸4g/Lからなる常温の浴に,適宜りん酸、塩酸、ふっ化アンモニウム等を加えて用い、陰極電流密度25A/dm2で電解クロメート処理層を形成した。該クロメート処理層の厚みは、処理時間を調整して10nmとした。膜厚と処理時間が比例せず,通電量や推定反応量等では膜厚を制御できないため,XPS分析(PHI社製Quantum2000型,X線源はAlKα(1486.7eV)単色化,X線出力は15kV 1.6mA)によりクロメート処理層の厚さを直接測定し,制御した。本実施例、及び比較例において、クロメート処理は片面にのみ行った。
次に、クロメート処理層の上に、厚さ30μmのポリプロピレンフィルムをラミネートした。
そして、ポリプロピレンフィルムをラミネートした鋼箔を5mm×40mmに切り出した試験片を、各例について10本ずつ作製し、半分の5本の試験片については、蓋を用いて密閉できるポリプロピレン製の瓶の中で電解液に完全に浸漬し、80℃で7日間保持した。電解液浸漬をしていない試験片5本と、電解液浸漬した5本の試験片の全数に対し、JIS K 6854-2に準拠した180°ピール試験を実施し、ポリプロピレンフィルムの密着強度を測定した。浸漬した試験片の密着強度を浸漬していない試験片の密着強度で割って百分率にしたものを低下率として耐電解液性の指標とした。低下率が低いほど耐電解液性が高いことを示す。
また、比較例4は、ニッケルめっき層を形成しなかったため、拡散合金層も形成されず、耐電解液性が大幅に低下した。
更に、比較例7は、冷間圧延前の焼鈍を実施しなかったため、FeとNiとの拡散層が形成されず、冷間圧延時にニッケルめっき層が破壊されてしまった。
2 焼鈍工程
3 冷間圧延工程
4 再結晶焼鈍工程
5 クロム系表面処理工程
6 ポリオレフィン系樹脂層の形成工程
11 基材
12 圧延鋼箔
13 拡散合金層
14 クロム系表面処理層
15 ポリオレフィン系樹脂層
20 蓄電デバイス
21 蓄電デバイス用容器
22 正極リード
23 負極リード
Claims (8)
- 厚さ200μm以下の圧延鋼箔と、
前記圧延鋼箔の表層に形成され、Ni及びFeを含む拡散合金層と、
前記拡散合金層上に形成されたクロム系表面処理層と、
を備え、
前記拡散合金層における圧延方向の逆極点図の<111>極密度が2.0以上6.0以下であり、
前記拡散合金層の表面における結晶のアスペクト比が1.0以上5.0以下である
ことを特徴とする蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔。 - 前記拡散合金層に対するX線回折測定によって得られた、Niの回折ピークの強度INiとFeNi3の回折ピークの強度IFeNi3との比であるIFeNi3/INiが5.0以上であるか、または、前記Niの回折ピークが検出されないことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔。
- さらに、前記クロム系表面処理層の表面に形成されたポリオレフィン系樹脂層を有することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔。
- 請求項3に記載の蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔からなる蓄電デバイス用容器。
- 請求項4に記載の蓄電デバイス用容器を備えた蓄電デバイス。
- 鋼板にニッケルめっきを行って前記鋼板上にNiめっき層を形成し、Niめっき鋼板を得るニッケルめっき工程と、
前記Niめっき鋼板に、前記鋼板中のFeと前記Niめっき層中のNiが相互拡散するように焼鈍を行う焼鈍工程と、
前記Niめっき鋼板に、累積圧延率が70%以上の冷間圧延を施して、鋼箔を得る冷間圧延工程と、
前記鋼箔に対し、750℃~1100℃で、4~120秒の焼鈍を、焼鈍時間を単位秒でTc、焼鈍温度を単位℃でTaとしたとき、前記Tcと前記Taが、750≦Ta≦800の場合に以下の式(1)を満たし、Ta>800の場合に式(2)を満たす焼鈍条件で行う再結晶焼鈍工程と、
前記鋼箔に対してクロム系表面処理を行うクロム系表面処理工程と、
を有する、
ことを特徴とする蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔の製造方法。
Tc≧13-0.1×(Ta-750) (1)
Tc≧8-(4/300)×(Ta-800) (2) - 前記再結晶焼鈍工程において、前記Tcと前記Taが、750≦Ta≦800の場合に以下の式(3)を満たし、Ta>800の場合に式(4)を満たす
ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔の製造方法。
Tc≧16-0.1×(Ta-750) (3)
Tc≧11-0.02×(Ta-800) (4) - さらに、前記クロム系表面処理工程後の前記鋼箔の表面に、ポリオレフィン樹脂層を形成するポリオレフィン樹脂層の形成工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項6または7に記載の蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔の製造方法。
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| JP6451919B1 (ja) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-01-16 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 電池外筒缶用鋼板、電池外筒缶および電池 |
| WO2019021909A1 (ja) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-01-31 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 電池外筒缶用鋼板、電池外筒缶および電池 |
| KR20210049087A (ko) | 2018-08-31 | 2021-05-04 | 도요 고한 가부시키가이샤 | 전지 용기용 금속판 및 이 전지 용기용 금속판의 제조 방법 |
| WO2022176553A1 (ja) | 2021-02-19 | 2022-08-25 | 東洋鋼鈑株式会社 | 電池容器用鋼箔及びそれにより製造されるパウチ型電池容器 |
| WO2022231007A1 (ja) * | 2021-04-28 | 2022-11-03 | 東洋鋼鈑株式会社 | 表面処理鋼箔 |
| WO2024090569A1 (ja) * | 2022-10-28 | 2024-05-02 | 東洋鋼鈑株式会社 | 表面処理鋼板および電池容器 |
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| EP4332275A4 (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2025-11-26 | Toyo Kohan Co Ltd | SURFACE-TREATED STEEL SHEET FOR CURRENT COLLECTOR AND ITS MANUFACTURING PROCESS |
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| JP2017183641A (ja) * | 2016-03-31 | 2017-10-05 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | 電子デバイスパッケージ用テープ |
| CN108885980A (zh) * | 2016-03-31 | 2018-11-23 | 古河电气工业株式会社 | 电子器件封装用带 |
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| KR20180134327A (ko) * | 2016-04-13 | 2018-12-18 | 도요 고한 가부시키가이샤 | 전지 용기용 금속판 및 이 전지 용기용 금속판의 제조방법 |
| KR102323071B1 (ko) * | 2016-04-13 | 2021-11-05 | 도요 고한 가부시키가이샤 | 전지 용기용 금속판 및 이 전지 용기용 금속판의 제조방법 |
| WO2019021909A1 (ja) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-01-31 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 電池外筒缶用鋼板、電池外筒缶および電池 |
| JP6451919B1 (ja) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-01-16 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 電池外筒缶用鋼板、電池外筒缶および電池 |
| US11946121B2 (en) | 2017-07-28 | 2024-04-02 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Steel sheet for battery outer tube cans, battery outer tube can and battery |
| KR20210049087A (ko) | 2018-08-31 | 2021-05-04 | 도요 고한 가부시키가이샤 | 전지 용기용 금속판 및 이 전지 용기용 금속판의 제조 방법 |
| WO2022176553A1 (ja) | 2021-02-19 | 2022-08-25 | 東洋鋼鈑株式会社 | 電池容器用鋼箔及びそれにより製造されるパウチ型電池容器 |
| KR20230148807A (ko) | 2021-02-19 | 2023-10-25 | 도요 고한 가부시키가이샤 | 전지 용기용 강박 및 그것에 의해 제조되는 파우치형 전지 용기 |
| WO2022231007A1 (ja) * | 2021-04-28 | 2022-11-03 | 東洋鋼鈑株式会社 | 表面処理鋼箔 |
| WO2024090569A1 (ja) * | 2022-10-28 | 2024-05-02 | 東洋鋼鈑株式会社 | 表面処理鋼板および電池容器 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20170162836A1 (en) | 2017-06-08 |
| US10418601B2 (en) | 2019-09-17 |
| TWI586815B (zh) | 2017-06-11 |
| CN106605312A (zh) | 2017-04-26 |
| JPWO2016013572A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
| TW201610178A (zh) | 2016-03-16 |
| KR102306522B1 (ko) | 2021-09-30 |
| KR20170031698A (ko) | 2017-03-21 |
| JP5909606B1 (ja) | 2016-04-26 |
| CN106605312B (zh) | 2019-12-03 |
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