WO2016009411A1 - Adaptable industrial construction system with natural air-conditioning - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a lightweight construction system that can be dismantled and reused, comprising: a structure of open profiles with securing holes on the surfaces of the open profiles; a closed profile structure with securing holes and perforations for installations on the surfaces of the closed profile; an open profile structure with an open profile with securing holes and holes for installations on the surfaces of the open profile; and an open profile structure with an open profile with securing holes on the surfaces of the open profile. In the structure of open profiles, the open profiles are hinged to one another by means of a stiffener that is attached to the inner surfaces of the open profiles. The aforementioned components are secured to one another with securing elements using the securing holes, and the construction system is attached to levelling bases or flat surfaces using the structures.

Description

 ADAPTABLE INDUSTRIAL CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM, WITH

 NATURAL CLIMATIZATION

 Field of the Invention

 The present invention is related to industrialized civil constructions, specifically those corresponding to constructions for residential purposes with natural air conditioning and removable for their transfer and subsequent assembly. Description of the state of the art

 Industrialized constructions originated with the purpose of constructing guards in large quantities, quickly, accurately and inexpensively. They even have their origins from before the industrial revolution began, they arose from the needs of the human being and developed in principle in situations outside the construction itself, as a consequence of foreign colonies, military camps, the ravages of wars, mining, natural disasters or emergency settlements.

There are currently several systems of industrial constructives, such as those published in patents ES 2328201 Al (requested by the inventor of the present invention) and US8635822 B2.

 Patent document ES 2328201 When disclosing a system of industrialized self-construction modular and heated by natural ventilation, which is characterized by using columns and beams that are joined by means of configuration nodes according to the geometry of the beam and the column.

 Patent document US8635822 B2 discloses a system of construction of ventilated structural panels. The different configurations described in the patent correspond to two sheets that include a matrix formed by separate structured elements. The structural elements are commonly rigid bars and form the matrix by having a group of rigid bars in parallel, and another group of rigid bars in parallel are located perpendicular to the first group of rigid bars. In one embodiment of the invention, rigid bars are I profiles with perforations along the core of the I profile. The sheets are coupled to the side and side of the die.

At present there are numerous types of industrialized constructions that are characterized, among other things, for coming totally or partially assembled from the factory, but they do not provide means of attachment to the land where they are assembled, and for leaving the term insulation only to the application of materials insulators, to ventilation by doors and windows or to the use of heating and / or cooling devices. There is no known industrialized construction system that can be moved, assembled and disassembled in its entirety with simple means by the on-site addressee himself and also offers an air conditioning system by natural means. It is also observed that the different systems of adaptation and / or anchorage to the ground are rigid, so that for their installation additional works of leveling and foundation are essential in the land where they will be installed. In fact, the subjection and leveling in the land is perceived as a previous situation or outside the industrialized construction itself.

 Nor is it observed in the different industrialized construction models that there is currently a satisfactory term insulation system. The most commonly used method of insulation is the application of insulating materials on the surfaces of the walls, trusting the temperature regulation to the doors and windows, or to the heating and / or air conditioning systems that the user can install, considering these Solutions as enough.

 There is no single system that can combine the characteristics of being able to be mounted manually, that is adaptable to situations of variability of uses, topography and climate, and that also incorporates natural air conditioning mechanisms.

 Short description

The present invention corresponds to a lightweight, removable and reusable construction system.

 The construction system consists of an open profile structure and a closed profile structure, held together by fasteners through perforations comprising the profiles. The construction system is fixed to leveling bases (16), or flat surfaces.

 Among the open profile structures, there is the structure of open profiles with perforations for fastening on the faces of the open profiles, the open profiles are articulated with each other by means of a stiffener fixed to the internal faces of the open profiles. The open profile structures are columns and beams.

 Among the closed profile structures is the closed profile structure with perforations for clamping and perforations for installations on the faces of the closed profile; which is called load structure.

 Among the open profile structures, there is the open profile structure of an open profile with perforations for clamping and perforations for installations on the faces of the open profile; which is called a belt.

 Among the open profile structures, there is the open profile structure of an open profile with perforations for fastening on the faces of the open profile. These structures are called knot and belt knot.

Preferably the fasteners are bolts, although they can be flanges protruding from the profiles, which when articulated between them hold the components of the invention. Description of the figures

 FIG 1. Illustrates a leveling base.

FIG 2. Illustrates a modality of the load structure.

 FIG 3. Illustrates an embodiment of the loading structure with stage at the ends of the closed profile.

FIG 4. Illustrates some forms that may have of the cross section of the load structure.

 FIG 5. Illustrates a column.

FIG 6. Illustrates some shapes it can have of the cross section of the column. FIG 7. Illustrates a modality of the beam.

 FIG 8. Illustrates a modality of the beam with connecting tube at the ends of the open profiles.

 FIG 9. Illustrates a mode of the belt.

 FIG 10. Illustrates an embodiment of the belt with platen at the ends of the open profile.

 FIG 11. Illustrates a knot.

 FIG 12. Illustrates a belt knot.

 FIG 13. Illustrates the fixing of the leveling base.

 FIG 14. Illustrates the articulation between a column with a leveling base.

FIG 15. Illustrates the articulation between columns, leveling bases and load structures.

FIG 16. Illustrates the articulation of the components for the conformation of floor frame and roof frame.

FIG 17. Illustrates the arrangement of coatings.

 FIG 18. Illustrates a modality of the fasteners corresponding to the tabs.

Detailed description

The present invention corresponds to a removable and reusable construction system. The construction system consists of open profile structures and closed profile structures, held together by fasteners through perforations comprising the profiles. The construction system is fixed to leveling bases (16), or flat surfaces.

 According to FIG 1, the leveling base (16) is made up of a screw (2), to which a plate (1) is fixed at one of its ends. The stage (1) comprises holes (4), through which the leveling base (16) is fixed to a surface. The leveling base (16) also comprises a capital plate (3) which is rotated in the screw (2) and therefore moves. To rotate the capital plate (3), the leveling base (16) comprises a thread (5).

 The closed profile structure is formed by a load structure (18).

According to FIG 2, the load structure (18) is formed by a closed profile (12). Along the closed profile (12) and on the faces thereof, the perforations for installations (8) and the perforations for fastening (9) are located. Preferably, the perforations for installations (8) are located in the central area of the faces of the closed profile (12), and the perforations for fastening (9) at the ends of the faces of the closed profile (12). The perforations for installations (8) have the function of allowing the passage of the different installations required in a construction system such as electrical installations, water pipelines, sewage pipelines, rainwater pipelines, among others, additionally allows air flow . The perforations for fastening (9) have the function of allowing the loading structure (18) to be secured with the other components of the construction system.

 In all components that include perforations for installations (8) and perforations for clamping (9), the functions of these perforations will be the same as those described above.

 According to FIG 3, in one embodiment of the invention, the loading structure (18) comprises a stage (7) fixed by each end of the closed profile (12). The stage (7) includes perforations for installations (8) and perforations for fastening (9). Along the closed profile (12) and on the faces thereof, the perforations for installations (8) and the perforations for fastening (9) are located.

 According to FIG 4, the cross section of the load structure (18) can be variable. Some of the illustrated sections correspond to:

 - load structure of square section (18a);

 - triangular section load structure with chamfered edges (18b);

 - load structure of pentagonal section (18c); Y,

 - loading structure of hexagonal section (18d).

 Among the open profile structures are columns (17), beams (19), belts (20), knots (21) and belt knots (22).

According to FIG 5, the column (17) is made up of open profiles (6) preferably positioned parallel to each other. Specifically, the illustration in FIG 5, corresponds to a column of four open profiles (6) of cross section in the form of 'L'. Along the open profile (6) and on the faces thereof, the perforations for fastening (9) are located. Preferably, the perforations for clamping (9) are located at the ends of each open profile (6). The open profiles are articulated with each other by means of stiffeners (10). The internal faces of the open profiles (6) are fixed to the stiffeners (10). At the ends of the open profiles (6) plates (7) are fixed. The stage (7) includes perforations for installations (8) and perforations for fastening (9).

According to FIG 6, the cross section of the column (17) can be variable. Some of the illustrated sections correspond to:

 - load structure of square section (17a);

 - triangular section load structure with chamfered edges (17b);

 - load structure of pentagonal section (17c); Y,

 - loading structure of hexagonal section (17d).

 According to FIG 7, the beam (19) consists of two open profiles (6). Specifically, the illustration in FIG 7 corresponds to a beam (19) of two open profiles (6) of cross-section in the form of 'C preferably positioned parallel to each other. Along each open profile (6) and on the faces thereof, the perforations for fastening (9) are located. Preferably, the perforations for clamping (9) are located at the ends of each open profile (6). The open profiles (6) are articulated with each other by means of stiffeners (10). The internal faces of the open profiles (6) are fixed to the stiffeners (10).

 According to FIG 8, in one embodiment of the invention, the beam (19) comprises a connecting tube (13) fixed at the ends of the open profiles (6). Each connecting tube (13) comprises perforations for clamping (9). Specifically, the illustration in FIG 8 corresponds to a beam (19) of two open profiles (6) of cross-section in the form of 'C, preferably positioned parallel to each other. Along each open profile (6) and on the faces thereof, the perforations for fastening (9) are located. The open profiles are articulated with each other by means of stiffeners (10). The internal faces of the open profiles (6) are fixed to the stiffeners (10).

The stiffener (10) can be a closed profile (12) of shorter length than the open profiles (6). The stiffener (10) can also be a solid body. The function of the stiffener (10) is to prevent deformation of open profiles when they are loaded and therefore maintain the stiffness of the open profile structure.

The connecting tube (13) can be a closed profile (12) of shorter length than the open profiles (6). The connecting tube (13) can also be a solid body. The function of the connecting tube (13), for this type of beam (19), is to serve as a connecting element between said beam and the column (17).

In accordance with FIG 9, the belts (20) are formed of an open profile (6), specifically in the illustration of FIG 9, the open profile (6) is of cross-section in the form of 'C, that is, it has three faces, of which two are parallel to each other, and perpendicular to a third face. Along the open profile (6) and in the faces thereof, the perforations for fastening (9) and perforations for installations (8) are located.

 According to FIG 10, in one embodiment of the invention, the belts (20) comprise a stage (7) fixed at each end of the open profile (6). The plates (7) have clamping holes (9).

 According to FIG 11, the nodes (21) are formed of an open profile (6), specifically in the illustration of FIG 11, the open profile (6) is of cross-section in the form of 'C, that is, it has three faces, of which two are parallel to each other, and perpendicular to a third face. On each side of the open profile (6), the perforations for fastening (9) are located.

 According to FIG 12, the belt knots (22) are formed by an open profile (6), preferably with two faces, which are perpendicular to each other. On each side of the open profile (6), the perforations for fastening (9) are located.

 According to FIG 18, the perforations for fastening (9) comprise tabs (11) that protrude from the open profiles (6) or closed profiles (12), which when articulated between them hold the components of the invention. In this case, the fastening of the components of the invention is carried out through the articulation of the flanges (11), and therefore the use of fasteners (23) is not necessary.

For the understanding of this invention, drilling is understood as any hole that dares a face of the open profile (6) or closed profile (12), hole that comprises or not a flange (11).

 Preferably the fasteners (23) are nuts and bolts, bolts and the like.

 Assembly of the construction system.

 The articulation of the components of the invention in obtaining a construction is described below.

 According to FIG 13, the leveling base (16) is fixed to a surface, which can be ground or a flat base. The fixing is done by fasteners (23) which pass through the holes (4) of the stage (1), fixing the leveling base (16) to the surface. The fasteners (23) are preferably nuts and bolts. For fixing the leveling base (16) they are preferably bolts of expansive shafts.

According to FIG 14, the columns (17) are articulated with the leveling bases (16), for this purpose the plate (7) of the column (17) and the capital plate (3) of the leveling base (16) are fixed by means of fasteners (23) that pass through the perforations for fastening (9) of the column (17). In order to obtain a construction, at least three assemblies similar to the previous one must be carried out (situation not shown); in The description of the articulation of the components of the invention is made four similar assemblies in accordance with FIG 15.

 In accordance with FIG 15, between two columns (17) load structures (18) are articulated, by means of fasteners (23) through the fastening holes (9) comprising the components, preferably the articulation of the structures loading (18) and columns (17), is made between the ends of these components, however it can be done along the components.

In a mode of articulation of components (not illustrated), instead of articulating load structures (18) between columns (17), as is done in FIG 15, beams (19) can be articulated.

 In order to provide a floor frame, load structures (18) are used. According to FIG 16, the articulation between load structures (18) is carried out by means of knots (21), through fasteners (23) that pass the perforations for fastening (9) of the three components. Preferably, the load structures (18) are arranged between the load structures (18) located at the lower end of the columns (17), as seen in FIG 16.

 Therefore, according to FIG 16, the floor frame is formed by the articulation by means of clamping elements of columns (17), knots (21) and load structures (18). In one embodiment of the invention, the floor frame is formed by the articulation by means of fastening elements of columns (17), beams (19), knots (21) and load structures (18).

On the floor frame arranged by the articulation of the load structures (18) described above, collaborating sheet (14) and cover sheet (15) are arranged. According to FIG 16, the channels of the collaborating sheet (14) are oriented perpendicular to the load structures (18), although they can describe an angle with respect to the load structures greater than 0 ^or less than or equal to 90 °, and on the collaborating sheet (14) the coating sheet (15) is arranged.

 In order to provide a ceiling frame belts (20) are used. The articulation of the belts (20) to the load structure (18), according to FIG 16, is done through the belt knots (22). For fastening the straps (20) to the belt knot (22), and the load structure (18) to the belt knot (22), fasteners (23) are used that pass through the holes for fastening (9). ). Preferably, the belts (20) are arranged between the load structures (18) located at the upper end of the columns (17), as seen in FIG 17.

Therefore, in accordance with FIG 16, the roof frame is formed by the articulation by means of fastening elements of columns (17), belt knots (22), belts (20) and load structures (18). In one embodiment of the invention, the ceiling frame is formed by the articulation by means of fastening elements of columns (17), beams (19), belt knots (22) and belts (20). On the roof frame arranged by the articulation of the load structures (18), belts (20) and belt knots (22) described above, and in accordance with FIG 17, cover sheets (15) are arranged side by side and side of the belts (20), which together act as a roof for construction. In one embodiment, a single cover sheet (15) can be arranged on the upper part of the straps (20).

The articulation of columns (17) and load structures (18), form a wall frame. According to FIG 17, side and side of the wall frame is provided with cover sheet (15). In one embodiment of the invention, the wall frame is formed by the articulation by means of fastening elements of columns (17) and beams (19).

 The arrangement of cladding sheets (15) on the side and side of the wall frame and ceiling frame, allows air or other fluid to flow between the cladding sheets (15) which in turn passes through the perforations for installations ( 8) and the space between open profiles (6) of the column (17) and the beams (19), offering a natural cooling mechanism of the construction.

 It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the modalities described and illustrated, since as will be evident to a person versed in art, there are possible variations and modifications that do not depart from the spirit of the invention, which is only found defined by the following claims.

Claims

Claims  1. A removable and reusable construction system comprising:  - an open profile structure with perforations for fastening on the faces of the open profiles, where the open profiles are articulated with each other by means of a stiffener fixed to the internal faces of the open profiles;  - a closed profile structure with perforations for clamping and perforations for installations on the faces of the closed profile;  - an open profile structure of an open profile with perforations for clamping and perforations for installations on the faces of the open profile; Y, - an open profile structure of an open profile with perforations for fastening on the faces of the open profile; where the previous components are held through the holes for fastening, and the construction system is fixed through the structures to leveling bases or flat surfaces.  2. The construction system claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the perforations for installations are located along the open profile in the open profile structure and along the closed profile in the closed profile structure.  3. The construction system claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the stiffener is a closed profile of shorter length than the open profile length of the open profile structure.  4. The construction system claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that at the ends of the structure of open profiles plates are fixed with perforation for installations and perforations for fastening. 5. The constructive system claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the structure of open profiles are two open profiles.  6. The construction system claimed in Claim 5, characterized in that at the ends of the two open profiles a connecting tube with fastening holes is fixed.  7. The constructive system claiming in Claims 1, 4, 5 and 6, characterized in that in the structure of open profiles, the open profiles are positioned parallel to each other.  8. The construction system claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that at the ends of the closed profile of the closed profile structure, plates are fixed with perforations for installations and perforations for fastening. 9. The construction system claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the open profile structure of an open profile with perforations for clamping and perforations for installations on the faces of the open profile is an open three-sided profile, of which two are parallel each other, and perpendicular to a third face. 10. The construction system claimed in Claim 9, characterized in that at the ends of the open profile plates are fixed with perforations for fastening. 11. The construction system claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the open profile structure of an open profile with perforations for fastening on the faces of the open profile is an open profile of three faces, of which two are parallel to each other, and perpendicular to a third face. 12. The construction system claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the open profile structure of an open profile with perforations for fastening on the faces of the open profile is an open profile of two faces perpendicular to each other.  13. A floor frame formed by the articulation by means of fastening elements of columns, knots and load structures.  14. A floor frame formed by the articulation by means of fastening elements of columns, beams, knots and load structures. 15. The floor frame claimed in Claims 13 and 14, in which a collaborating sheet is supported whose channels describe an angle β greater than 0 ^or less than or equal to 90 ° with respect to the load structures, and on the sheet Coating sheet is arranged. 16. A roof frame formed by the articulation by means of fastening elements of columns, belt knots, belts and load structures.  17. A roof frame formed by the articulation by means of fastening elements of columns, belt knots, straps and beams.  18. The roof frame claimed in Claims 16 and 17, comprising cover sheet on the side and side of the straps.  19. A wall frame formed by the articulation by means of fastening elements of the columns and load structures.  20. A wall frame formed by the joint by means of fastening elements of the columns and beams. 21. The wall frame claimed in Claims 19 and 20, comprising cover sheet side and side of the wall frame.  22. The floor frame claimed in Claim 18 and the wall frame claimed in Claim 21, characterized in that a fluid flows into the frame by transferring heat between the fluid and the frame components.  23. The construction system claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the perforations for fastening have tabs.