WO2016005620A1 - Closed-loop control system and method for heliostats in solar power towers - Google Patents
Closed-loop control system and method for heliostats in solar power towers Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016005620A1 WO2016005620A1 PCT/ES2015/000072 ES2015000072W WO2016005620A1 WO 2016005620 A1 WO2016005620 A1 WO 2016005620A1 ES 2015000072 W ES2015000072 W ES 2015000072W WO 2016005620 A1 WO2016005620 A1 WO 2016005620A1
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- heliostat
- heliostats
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/78—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S3/782—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
- G01S3/785—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of orientation of directivity characteristics of a detector or detector system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that detector or detector system
- G01S3/786—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of orientation of directivity characteristics of a detector or detector system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that detector or detector system the desired condition being maintained automatically
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
- F24S50/20—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for tracking
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
Definitions
- the present invention falls within the control technologies of solar energy collection devices, by means of communication systems based on optical principles. More specifically, the invention relates to a system and method of controlling, in real time, the orientation of the mirrors of the heliostats belonging to a solar thermal tower.
- thermoelectric solar power generation systems which produce electricity with a thermoelectric cycle that requires the heating of a high temperature fluid, by absorbing radiant energy.
- thermoelectric generation systems it is required to maximize the concentration of solar energy at the point or points of absorption thereof, through the use of properly oriented mirrors.
- the need for maximum solar concentration for a better use of the energy resource is also common to other solar thermal power generation systems.
- Open loop control systems move heliostats according to information previously provided on the position of the sun at a given time, but do not receive feedback about the actual effectiveness of that alignment. Consequently, with them it is not possible to correct errors in the initial alignment of a heliostat, so that these will be maintained, if no further intervention occurs, over time. It is also not possible to use these systems to perform the initial orientation of the solar thermal power plant at the time of its start-up, so it is usually used to manually and individually check the position of the beam reflected by each of the heliostats. These systems are very slow and expensive, and can become unfeasible given the current tendency to use more and less heliostats and smaller, where a single solar power plant can have several thousand reflector elements to target.
- Another important requirement in an alignment system for a tower center is that it must be able to control, simultaneously or virtually simultaneously, a large number of reflector elements (several hundreds, or even thousands), so that the signal that comes from each of the heliostats must incorporate some marking system that allows it to be distinguished from many other similar ones that come from the rest of the mirrors.
- patent application WO201 1066190 and patent CN102175066 use the first option, placing a camera or a set of cameras in the receiver and different techniques to try to identify which part of the image corresponds to each mirror.
- patent application WO2009055624 discloses the use of two chambers located in well-determined positions towards which the heliostat to be aligned is directed. Once the heliostat points to the camera, it is redirected to the tower based on the precise knowledge of the relative positions of the camera and the tower. This system requires periodic misalignment of heliostats, with the loss of performance that this entails, and requires a very accurate determination of the relative positions of all the elements involved.
- Patent application WO2008121335 describes a system in which the camera is mounted on the heliostat itself, which also has an image processing system to recognize the positions of the sun and the tower and orient the mirror accordingly.
- Each heliostat operates autonomously, so this system is not limited by the number of heliostats or requires centralized coordination.
- the main problem with this approach is the cost of including this system in each reflective element, even more so when the current trend is to use a larger and smaller number of heliostats.
- patent application WO2005098327 describes a system similar to the previous one, also using targets located in known positions, to determine the orientation of the heliostat.
- the present invention proposes a solution to the aforementioned technical problems, through a novel system and a closed loop control method that allow its application to any amount of heliostats, providing great precision in time orientation. real of its mirrors, with the consequent improvement in the use of the solar resource in tower plants.
- An object of the present invention is, therefore, a heliostat control means for tower exchanges that is reliable, robust and that is generalizable to a large number of heliostats, thus solving the main problems existing in the prior art systems. .
- Said object is preferably carried out by means of a heliostat control system for tower solar thermal power plants comprising:
- a module for generating modulated electromagnetic signals located on at least one heliostat and aligned with the reflective surface thereof, which comprises one or more auxiliary reflecting elements, external to the reflecting surface of the heliostat and equipped with a modulation subsystem of the amplitude of the light reflected in said elements.
- the auxiliary reflector elements of this module are oriented according to the reflection direction of the reflective surface of the heliostat.
- a module for detecting and processing the modulated electromagnetic signals from the heliostat which comprises a subsystem for analyzing the frequency of modulation of the amplitude of said signals, said detection module being located at or next to the tower.
- a communication module configured to exchange information between the detection and processing module and one or more heliostat orientation subsystems.
- the signal generating modules can be manufactured and installed at a reduced cost, as no cameras or signal processing systems are required in each heliostat. This fact is important, since the required number of modules of this type can be very high, as many as the number of heliostats in the plant.
- An additional advantage of the invention is that it allows real-time closed loop control to be performed, since it does not require analyzing the position of each heliostat by a separate and non-simultaneous procedure. It is sufficient to analyze the modulation frequency characteristic of each heliostat. In addition, this is achieved without any of the heliostats having to stop contributing to energy production at any time during the process.
- Another advantage of the invention is that, by means of its realization and as will be seen later in this document, it is possible to place the detection and processing module in an area sufficiently far from the central region of the tower receiver, so that Avoid high temperatures.
- the signal generating module comprises one or more rotary reflective elements and, more preferably, said module includes a rotation speed control subsystem of the rotary reflective elements, including the subsystem at least one phase tracking loop or PLL (from English, "phase-locked loop").
- Said subsystem allows to generate frequencies with a stability of the order of hundredths of hertz, with which it would be possible to assign, without error, frequencies to heliostats separated only by one tenth of a hertz. Therefore, with a modulation bandwidth of only 1 kHz, it is possible to control up to 10,000 heliostats.
- the signal generation module comprises means for generating at least two lines of light substantially perpendicular to each other, said light lines being perpendicular to the direction in which the heliostat reflects sunlight.
- the rotary reflective elements of the module comprise at least two polygonal prisms and / or rotary cylinders arranged orthogonally, with one or more of their mirrored faces.
- the rotating reflective elements are preferably located at one or more points next to the reflecting surface of the heliostats.
- the system detection and processing module has two or more detector lines located in the solar thermal tower, at least one line being parallel to the ground plane, and at least one line perpendicular to the plane of the ground. This achieves effective surfaces for the correct detection and evaluation of the orientation of heliostats in relation to their two main axes (corresponding to their azimuth / elevation coordinates).
- the detection and processing module of the system of the invention comprises means for performing the Fourier transformation of the detected signals or, where appropriate, comprises means for performing synchronous detection of the signals generated by the signal generation module.
- the detection of the signals can be performed, for example, by PIN or thermopile photodiodes, and the frequency analysis can be performed using hardware and software means that implement synchronous detection algorithms ("lock-in") or Fourier transform of the signal, such as computers, FPGA, microcontrollers, circuits specifically designed implementing the logic of this type of calculation, or any other means selected from among those commonly used in signal processing techniques.
- the detectors of the system of the invention preferably comprise a mechanical subsystem that allows the direction of detection of said detectors to be aligned towards different areas of the heliostat field. This achieves greater system adaptability, which is especially advantageous in large heliostat fields.
- the detectors of the invention may comprise an optical system to limit the amount of ambient light that reaches the detection and processing module, thereby improving the relationship between said ambient light and the light detected from the module. of generation of modulated electromagnetic signals. This achieves even greater precision in measuring the orientation of heliostats. As an example, this limitation could be done by means of a lens system or a diaphragm that reduces the opening of the detection system.
- a second object of the invention relates to a heliostat control method in solar thermal power plants, which comprises the use of a system according to any of the embodiments described herein. Preferably, said method comprises the following steps:
- Figure 1 shows a typical scheme of a sol-heliostat-tower system, representing the general alignment problem to be solved by the present invention.
- Figure 2 shows a diagram of a light modulating element according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, said embodiment based on rotary reflector elements external to the heliostat.
- Figure 3 shows a schematic of the operation of the modulated electromagnetic signal generation module for a heliostat, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 4 shows a schematic of the perpendicular detection lines detectable by the tower detection module of the invention, according to a preferred embodiment thereof.
- Figure 1 of this document represents the general technical problem that is solved by the proposed invention.
- the Figure shows how the light coming from the sun (1) reflects in the mirrors of the heliostats (2), which must be correctly aligned in the optical system that form sol-heliostat-tower so that that reflected light affects the receiver from the central tower (3).
- the module for generating the electromagnetic signals is designed with the objective that the detection in the tower is simple and requires of a small number of detectors.
- Figure 2 shows a light modulator element that is formed by two rotary polygonal prisms (4, 5) that have one or several reflecting faces, where said prisms are arranged so that their axes of rotation (6, 7 ) have guidance perpendicular to each other and parallel to the plane of the modulator element, a plane that is defined by its horizontal axis (8) and its vertical axis (9).
- One of the prisms (4) is oriented according to the horizontal axis of that plane (8), and the other (5) according to its vertical axis (9).
- Each of these lines corresponds to a rotating beam that, on the detectors, will generate an amplitude modulated signal with a frequency equal to that of the prism's rotation, multiplied by the number of mirrored faces.
- the rotation is achieved by a motor whose rotation frequency is controlled by a PLL, which ensures that the frequency of the reflected beam will always be that initially assigned to that heliostat, "labeling" the signal that comes from each specific heliostat (2) .
- Figure 3 shows how a light modulator element (13) is placed next to the heliostat (2), aligned so that the modulator plane and the heliostat plane are parallel, making the axes horizontal (8) and Vertical (9) of the modulator coincide respectively with the horizontal (14) and vertical (15) axes of the heliostat (2).
- This plane of the heliostat is the plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the concave reflector system formed by the mirror assembly (18) of the heliostat.
- a part of the light beam (10) coming from the sun and incident to the heliostat plane is reflected in the heliostat (2) and generates a beam (16) in a certain direction.
- This modulated beam is formed by two lines (1 1, 12): a horizontal light line (1 1) that will be perpendicular to the vertical axis of the heliostat (15), and another light line vertical (12) that will be perpendicular to the horizontal axis of the heliostat (14), so that the direction in which these two lines of vertical and horizontal light intersect (1 1, 12) coincides with the direction in which the light is reflected in the heliostat (16).
- Figure 4 shows the appearance of the two lines (1 1, 12) generated on the surface of the tower (3).
- two rows (19, 20) of detectors are located on the face of the tower in the that the tower receiver (21) is located, preferably outside the zone of said receiver (21) to avoid high temperatures.
- the detector of the horizontal row (19) of detectors on which the vertical light line (12) strikes allows to know the misalignment of the heliostat in its azimuthal axis, while the detector of the vertical row (20) illuminated by the line of horizontal light (1 1) determines its elevation misalignment.
- the generation of these two lines on the surface of the tower has two additional positive effects: on the one hand, the number of detectors is reduced with respect to a matrix array of detectors (2n for two-line configuration with n detectors per line, opposite an 2 in a matrix type configuration). On the other hand, the rows of detectors can be located outside the receiver area, which greatly simplifies the process of detecting the signals in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and problems with high temperatures.
- the signal from each detector is preferably processed by Fourier transformation, which allows to obtain the frequency spectrum in reception. Since each heliostat (2) is labeled by its corresponding modulation frequency, it is easy to identify which reflectors are affecting which detectors at all times.
- the communication system between the detection and processing module and the heliostats orientation motors (2) preferably comprises a wireless or cable communications network implemented by hardware / software and connection elements, which connects all the reflectors with the tower central.
- the system can take advantage of the same network that usually exists in solar power plants of this type to allow moving the heliostats remotely.
- the method of operation of the system preferably comprises the following steps for the correct alignment of each heliostat (2):
- step e When finished, the process can be restarted immediately by step a), if the desired frequency of position review requires it.
- This procedure can be modified to optimize its temporary cost, for example by performing partial movements of the heliostats at the same time when its presence in one of the detectors is known.
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Abstract
Description
DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
SISTEMA Y MÉTODO DE CONTROL EN LAZO CERRADO PARA HELIOSTATOS EN CENTRALES TERMOSOLARES DE TORRE SYSTEM AND CONTROL METHOD IN CLOSED LOOP FOR HELIOSTATOS IN TORRE THERMOSOLAR POWER STATIONS
CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓN FIELD OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se encuadra dentro de las tecnologías de control de dispositivos de captación de energía solar, mediante sistemas de comunicación basados en principios ópticos. Más concretamente, la invención se refiere a un sistema y a un método de control, en tiempo real, de la orientación de los espejos de los heliostatos pertenecientes a una central termosolar de torre. The present invention falls within the control technologies of solar energy collection devices, by means of communication systems based on optical principles. More specifically, the invention relates to a system and method of controlling, in real time, the orientation of the mirrors of the heliostats belonging to a solar thermal tower.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Dentro del campo técnico relacionado con la obtención de energías renovables, es conocida la captación de energía solar térmica (conocida también como energía termosolar), que resulta de gran importancia tecnológica y económica tanto en ámbito doméstico como el industrial. Dentro de los medios de generación termosolar, son conocidos los sistemas de generación de energía solar termoeléctrica, que producen electricidad con un ciclo termoeléctrico que precisa del calentamiento de un fluido a alta temperatura, mediante la absorción de energía radiante. En este ámbito, en un gran número de sistemas de generación termoeléctrica se requiere maximizar la concentración de energía solar en el punto o puntos de absorción de la misma, mediante el uso de espejos orientados adecuadamente. No obstante, la necesidad de máxima concentración solar para un mejor aprovechamiento del recurso energético es común también a otros sistemas de generación de energía termosolar. Within the technical field related to obtaining renewable energy, it is known to capture solar thermal energy (also known as solar thermal energy), which is of great technological and economic importance in both domestic and industrial fields. Within the means of solar thermal generation, thermoelectric solar power generation systems are known, which produce electricity with a thermoelectric cycle that requires the heating of a high temperature fluid, by absorbing radiant energy. In this area, in a large number of thermoelectric generation systems it is required to maximize the concentration of solar energy at the point or points of absorption thereof, through the use of properly oriented mirrors. However, the need for maximum solar concentration for a better use of the energy resource is also common to other solar thermal power generation systems.
En el caso concreto de las tecnologías basadas en centrales de torre, existe un número alto de elementos reflectores o heliostatos (típicamente, centenares o miles según los tipos de instalaciones actuales), cada uno de los cuales necesita alinearse de manera precisa con una torre central donde se produce el calentamiento del fluido. En consecuencia, el rendimiento de una central de este tipo depende altamente de la correcta orientación de los heliostatos con relación a la torre. Dicha orientación depende de la posición del sol y, por tanto, idealmente debe ser modificada de forma continua, según la hora del día y también la época del año para un aprovechamiento energético óptimo. En lo que respecta a los sistemas conocidos de alineamiento de heliostatos, es posible distinguir entre dos grandes grupos dependiendo de su modo de funcionamiento, dividiéndose comúnmente entre sistemas "de lazo abierto" y sistemas "de lazo cerrado". Los sistemas de control de lazo abierto mueven los heliostatos de acuerdo a información previamente suministrada sobre la posición del sol en un momento dado, pero no reciben realimentación acerca de la efectividad real de ese alineamiento. En consecuencia, con ellos no es posible corregir errores en el alineamiento inicial de un heliostato, de forma que éstos se mantendrán, si no se produce intervención posterior, a lo largo del tiempo. Tampoco es posible utilizar estos sistemas para realizar la orientación inicial de la central termosolar en el momento de su puesta en marcha, por lo que habitualmente se recurre a la comprobación manual e individual de la posición del haz reflejado por cada uno de los heliostatos. Estos sistemas resultan muy lentos y costosos, y pueden llegar a ser inviables dada la tendencia actual a utilizar cada vez más heliostatos y de menor tamaño, donde una sola central solar puede tener varios miles de elementos reflectores a orientar. In the specific case of technologies based on tower plants, there is a high number of reflector elements or heliostats (typically hundreds or thousands depending on the types of current installations), each of which needs to align precisely with a central tower where the heating of the fluid occurs. Consequently, the performance of such a plant depends highly on the correct orientation of the heliostats in relation to the tower. This orientation depends on the position of the sun and, therefore, should ideally be modified continuously, according to the time of day and also the time of year for optimal energy use. With regard to known heliostat alignment systems, it is possible to distinguish between two large groups depending on their mode of operation, commonly dividing between "open loop" and "closed loop" systems. Open loop control systems move heliostats according to information previously provided on the position of the sun at a given time, but do not receive feedback about the actual effectiveness of that alignment. Consequently, with them it is not possible to correct errors in the initial alignment of a heliostat, so that these will be maintained, if no further intervention occurs, over time. It is also not possible to use these systems to perform the initial orientation of the solar thermal power plant at the time of its start-up, so it is usually used to manually and individually check the position of the beam reflected by each of the heliostats. These systems are very slow and expensive, and can become unfeasible given the current tendency to use more and less heliostats and smaller, where a single solar power plant can have several thousand reflector elements to target.
Por su parte, en los sistemas de control en lazo cerrado, se proporciona en todo momento información actualizada de la posición real de los heliostatos al sistema encargado de su movimiento, lo que soluciona ambos problemas: es posible, por una parte, detectar y corregir cualquier desviación en la posición objetivo de un heliostatos y, además, realizar una alineación inicial de toda la central de manera prácticamente automática. El valor que esta aportación tiene en la explotación y mantenimiento de una instalación de producción de energía eléctrica termosolar es innegable. Para que un sistema de control en lazo cerrado funcione de forma adecuada, es necesario que, en un instante determinado, el dispositivo que proporciona la información acerca de la orientación de un heliostato se comporte de manera similar al mismo. La orientación de interés, en consecuencia, no es tanto la de la superficie del heliostato en sí, sino la del haz de luz reflejado en él, que según la ley de Snell dependerá del ángulo de incidencia y, por tanto, de la posición del sol con respecto al espejo. Esto hace que los sistemas de control basados en una fuente de luz externa situada en el heliostato se vean, en sus realizaciones prácticas, limitados en cuanto al máximo aprovechamiento del recurso solar. For its part, in closed loop control systems, updated information of the actual position of heliostats is provided at all times to the system in charge of their movement, which solves both problems: it is possible, on the one hand, to detect and correct any deviation in the objective position of a heliostats and, in addition, to carry out an initial alignment of the entire plant practically automatically. The value that this contribution has in the operation and maintenance of a solar thermal power production facility is undeniable. For a closed-loop control system to function properly, it is necessary that, at a given time, the device that provides information about the orientation of a heliostat behaves similarly to it. The orientation of interest, therefore, is not so much that of the surface of the heliostat itself, but that of the beam of light reflected in it, which according to Snell's law will depend on the angle of incidence and, therefore, on the position of the sun with respect to the mirror. This means that control systems based on an external light source located in the heliostat are, in their practical embodiments, limited in terms of maximum use of the solar resource.
Otro requisito importante en un sistema de alineamiento para una central de torre es que debe ser capaz de controlar, de manera simultánea o prácticamente simultánea, un número elevado de elementos reflectores (varios cientos, o incluso miles), por lo que la señal que proviene de cada uno de los heliostatos deberá incorporar algún sistema de marcado que permita distinguirla de otras muchas similares que proceden del resto de los espejos. Another important requirement in an alignment system for a tower center is that it must be able to control, simultaneously or virtually simultaneously, a large number of reflector elements (several hundreds, or even thousands), so that the signal that comes from each of the heliostats must incorporate some marking system that allows it to be distinguished from many other similar ones that come from the rest of the mirrors.
La mayoría de las patentes existentes relacionadas con el control de heliostatos en lazo cerrado se basa en la utilización de cámaras, bien situadas en el receptor de torre u otra posición conocida, para procesar la imagen proveniente de la reflexión de la luz en los espejos, o bien en el propio heliostato para deducir su posición y orientación. En este sentido, la solicitud de patente WO201 1066190 y la patente CN102175066 utilizan la primera opción, situando una cámara o un conjunto de cámaras en el receptor y distintas técnicas para tratar de identificar qué parte de la imagen corresponde a cada espejo. Most of the existing patents related to the control of closed loop heliostats are based on the use of cameras, well located in the tower receiver or other known position, to process the image from the reflection of the light in the mirrors, or in the heliostat itself to deduce its position and orientation. In this sense, patent application WO201 1066190 and patent CN102175066 use the first option, placing a camera or a set of cameras in the receiver and different techniques to try to identify which part of the image corresponds to each mirror.
Por su parte, la solicitud de patente WO2009055624 divulga la utilización de dos cámaras situadas en posiciones bien determinadas hacia las que se dirige el heliostato a alinear. Una vez el heliostato apunta a la cámara, se redirige a la torre basándose en el conocimiento preciso de las posiciones relativas de la cámara y la torre. Este sistema exige desalinear periódicamente los heliostatos, con la pérdida de rendimiento que ello supone, y requiere una determinación muy exacta de las posiciones relativas de todos los elementos implicados. La solicitud de patente WO2008121335 describe un sistema en que la cámara está montada sobre el propio heliostato, que posee también un sistema de procesamiento de imagen para reconocer las posiciones del sol y la torre y orientar el espejo en consecuencia. Cada heliostato funciona de forma autónoma, por lo que este sistema no está limitado por el número de heliostatos ni precisa de coordinación centralizada. El principal problema de esta aproximación es el coste de incluir este sistema en cada elemento reflectante, más aún cuando la tendencia actual es utilizar cada vez mayor número de heliostatos y de menor tamaño. Asimismo, la solicitud de patente WO2005098327 describe un sistema similar al anterior, utilizando además unos blancos situados en posiciones conocidas, para determinar la orientación del heliostato. For its part, patent application WO2009055624 discloses the use of two chambers located in well-determined positions towards which the heliostat to be aligned is directed. Once the heliostat points to the camera, it is redirected to the tower based on the precise knowledge of the relative positions of the camera and the tower. This system requires periodic misalignment of heliostats, with the loss of performance that this entails, and requires a very accurate determination of the relative positions of all the elements involved. Patent application WO2008121335 describes a system in which the camera is mounted on the heliostat itself, which also has an image processing system to recognize the positions of the sun and the tower and orient the mirror accordingly. Each heliostat operates autonomously, so this system is not limited by the number of heliostats or requires centralized coordination. The main problem with this approach is the cost of including this system in each reflective element, even more so when the current trend is to use a larger and smaller number of heliostats. Also, patent application WO2005098327 describes a system similar to the previous one, also using targets located in known positions, to determine the orientation of the heliostat.
Ninguno de los sistemas citados, ni otros semejantes divulgados en el estado de la técnica, cumplen los requisitos necesarios para el control en lazo cerrado y tiempo real de una central solar de torre con un número elevado de heliostatos, ya sea por coste, tiempo de medida o número de reflectores controlable. En este contexto, la presente invención propone una solución a los problemas técnicos antes citados, a través de un novedoso sistema y un método de control en lazo cerrado que permiten su aplicación a cualquier cantidad de heliostatos, proporcionando una gran precisión en la orientación en tiempo real de sus espejos, con la consiguiente mejora en el aprovechamiento del recurso solar en centrales de torre. None of the aforementioned systems, or other similar ones disclosed in the state of the art, fulfill the necessary requirements for the control in closed loop and real time of a tower solar power plant with a high number of heliostats, either by cost, time of measure or number of reflectors controllable. In this context, the present invention proposes a solution to the aforementioned technical problems, through a novel system and a closed loop control method that allow its application to any amount of heliostats, providing great precision in time orientation. real of its mirrors, with the consequent improvement in the use of the solar resource in tower plants.
DESCRIPCIÓN BREVE DE LA INVENCIÓN BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Un objeto de la presente invención es, pues, un medio de control de heliostatos para centrales de torre que resulte fiable, robusto y que sea generalizable a un número elevado de heliostatos, resolviendo así los principales problemas existentes en los sistemas del estado de la técnica. An object of the present invention is, therefore, a heliostat control means for tower exchanges that is reliable, robust and that is generalizable to a large number of heliostats, thus solving the main problems existing in the prior art systems. .
Dicho objeto se realiza, preferentemente, mediante un sistema de control de heliostatos para centrales termosolares de torre que comprende: Said object is preferably carried out by means of a heliostat control system for tower solar thermal power plants comprising:
- un módulo de generación de señales electromagnéticas moduladas, situado en al menos un heliostato y alineado con la superficie reflectante del mismo, que comprende uno o varios elementos reflectores auxiliares, externos a la superficie reflectante del heliostato y equipados con un subsistema de modulación de la amplitud de la luz reflejada en dichos elementos. Preferentemente, los elementos reflectores auxiliares de este módulo están orientados de acuerdo a la dirección de reflexión de la superficie reflectante del heliostato. - a module for generating modulated electromagnetic signals, located on at least one heliostat and aligned with the reflective surface thereof, which comprises one or more auxiliary reflecting elements, external to the reflecting surface of the heliostat and equipped with a modulation subsystem of the amplitude of the light reflected in said elements. Preferably, the auxiliary reflector elements of this module are oriented according to the reflection direction of the reflective surface of the heliostat.
- un módulo de detección y procesamiento de las señales electromagnéticas moduladas provenientes del heliostato, que comprende un subsistema de análisis de la frecuencia de modulación de la amplitud de dichas señales, estando dicho módulo de detección localizado en o junto a la torre. - a module for detecting and processing the modulated electromagnetic signals from the heliostat, which comprises a subsystem for analyzing the frequency of modulation of the amplitude of said signals, said detection module being located at or next to the tower.
- un módulo de comunicación configurado para intercambiar información entre el módulo de detección y procesamiento y uno o más subsistemas de orientación del heliostato. Se consigue con ello un sistema que, mediante la modulación de la luz emitida desde los heliostatos a la torre, con una frecuencia conocida y única para cada heliostato, permita identificar dicho heliostato de forma unívoca cuando la torre recibe la señal correspondiente en el módulo de detección y procesamiento. Como se verá a continuación, dadas las actuales tecnologías de modulación de señales, es posible obtener, en la práctica, un número casi ilimitado de frecuencias diferentes para las señales generadas, lo que se traduce en un número de identificadores que permite adaptarse a cualquier dimensión de centrales termosolares de torre. - a communication module configured to exchange information between the detection and processing module and one or more heliostat orientation subsystems. This achieves a system that, by modulating the light emitted from the heliostats to the tower, with a known and unique frequency for each heliostat, allows to identify said heliostat uniquely when the tower receives the corresponding signal in the module detection and processing As will be seen below, given the current signal modulation technologies, it is possible to obtain, in practice, an almost unlimited number of different frequencies for the generated signals, which is It translates into a number of identifiers that can be adapted to any dimension of tower solar thermal power plants.
Otra de las ventajas y avances que aporta la presente invención es que los módulos generadores de señal pueden fabricarse e instalarse con un coste reducido, al no requerir cámaras ni sistemas de procesado de señal en cada heliostato. Este hecho es importante, dado que el número requerido de módulos de este tipo puede ser muy alto, tantos como el número de heliostatos de la central. Una ventaja adicional de la invención es que permite realizar el control de lazo cerrado en tiempo real, ya que no requiere analizar la posición de cada heliostato mediante un procedimiento separado y no simultáneo. Es suficiente con analizar la frecuencia de modulación característica de cada heliostato. Además, ello se logra sin que ninguno de los heliostatos tenga que dejar de contribuir a la producción de energía en ningún momento del proceso. Another of the advantages and advances provided by the present invention is that the signal generating modules can be manufactured and installed at a reduced cost, as no cameras or signal processing systems are required in each heliostat. This fact is important, since the required number of modules of this type can be very high, as many as the number of heliostats in the plant. An additional advantage of the invention is that it allows real-time closed loop control to be performed, since it does not require analyzing the position of each heliostat by a separate and non-simultaneous procedure. It is sufficient to analyze the modulation frequency characteristic of each heliostat. In addition, this is achieved without any of the heliostats having to stop contributing to energy production at any time during the process.
Otra ventaja de la invención es que, mediante su realización y tal como se verá más adelante en el presente documento, es posible colocar el módulo de detección y procesamiento en una zona suficientemente alejada de la región central del receptor de la torre, de forma que se eviten las altas temperaturas del mismo. Another advantage of the invention is that, by means of its realization and as will be seen later in this document, it is possible to place the detection and processing module in an area sufficiently far from the central region of the tower receiver, so that Avoid high temperatures.
Preferentemente, el módulo de generación de señales comprende uno o más elementos reflectantes rotatorios y, más preferentemente, dicho módulo incluye un subsistema de control de la velocidad de rotación de los elementos reflectantes rotatorios, incluyendo el subsistema al menos un bucle de seguimiento de fase o PLL (del inglés, "phase-locked loop"). Dicho subsistema permiten generar frecuencias con una estabilidad del orden de centésimas de hertzio, con lo que sería posible asignar, sin error, frecuencias a los heliostatos separadas únicamente por una décima de hertzio. Por tanto, con un ancho de banda de modulación de tan sólo 1 kHz, es posible controlar hasta 10.000 heliostatos. Preferably, the signal generating module comprises one or more rotary reflective elements and, more preferably, said module includes a rotation speed control subsystem of the rotary reflective elements, including the subsystem at least one phase tracking loop or PLL (from English, "phase-locked loop"). Said subsystem allows to generate frequencies with a stability of the order of hundredths of hertz, with which it would be possible to assign, without error, frequencies to heliostats separated only by one tenth of a hertz. Therefore, with a modulation bandwidth of only 1 kHz, it is possible to control up to 10,000 heliostats.
Aún más preferentemente, el módulo de generación de señales comprende medios de generación de, al menos, dos líneas de luz sustancialmente perpendiculares entre sí, siendo a su vez dichas líneas de luz perpendiculares a la dirección en que el heliostato refleja la luz solar. Para ello, los elementos reflectantes rotatorios del módulo comprenden, al menos, dos prismas poligonales y/o cilindros rotatorios dispuestos ortogonalmente, con una o varias de sus caras espejadas. Para poder aprovechar la propia luz reflejada por las superficies de los heliostatos, los elementos reflectantes rotatorios están ubicados, preferentemente, en uno o más puntos junto a la superficie reflectora de los heliostatos. Even more preferably, the signal generation module comprises means for generating at least two lines of light substantially perpendicular to each other, said light lines being perpendicular to the direction in which the heliostat reflects sunlight. For this, the rotary reflective elements of the module comprise at least two polygonal prisms and / or rotary cylinders arranged orthogonally, with one or more of their mirrored faces. In order to take advantage of the light itself reflected by the surfaces of the heliostats, the rotating reflective elements are preferably located at one or more points next to the reflecting surface of the heliostats.
En otra realización preferente de la invención, el módulo de detección y procesamiento del sistema dispone de dos o más líneas de detectores situadas en la torre termosolar, siendo al menos una línea paralela al plano del suelo, y al menos una línea perpendicular al plano del suelo. Se consigue con ello obtener superficies efectivas para la correcta detección y evaluación de la orientación de los heliostatos con relación a sus dos ejes principales (correspondientes a sus coordenadas de azimut/elevación). In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the system detection and processing module has two or more detector lines located in the solar thermal tower, at least one line being parallel to the ground plane, and at least one line perpendicular to the plane of the ground. This achieves effective surfaces for the correct detection and evaluation of the orientation of heliostats in relation to their two main axes (corresponding to their azimuth / elevation coordinates).
Preferentemente, el módulo de detección y procesamiento del sistema de la invención comprende medios para realizar la transformación de Fourier de las señales detectadas o, en su caso, comprende medios para realizar detección síncrona de las señales generadas por el módulo de generación de señales. La detección de las señales puede realizarse, por ejemplo, mediante fotodiodos PIN o termopilas, y el análisis de la frecuencia puede realizarse utilizando medios de hardware y software que implementan algoritmos de detección síncrona ("lock-in") o transformada de Fourier de la señal, tales como ordenadores, FPGA, microcontroladores, circuitos específicamente diseñados implementando la lógica de este tipo de cálculos, o cualquier otro medio seleccionado de entre los empleados habitualmente en técnicas de procesado de señal. Preferably, the detection and processing module of the system of the invention comprises means for performing the Fourier transformation of the detected signals or, where appropriate, comprises means for performing synchronous detection of the signals generated by the signal generation module. The detection of the signals can be performed, for example, by PIN or thermopile photodiodes, and the frequency analysis can be performed using hardware and software means that implement synchronous detection algorithms ("lock-in") or Fourier transform of the signal, such as computers, FPGA, microcontrollers, circuits specifically designed implementing the logic of this type of calculation, or any other means selected from among those commonly used in signal processing techniques.
Asimismo, los detectores del sistema de la invención comprenden, preferentemente, un subsistema mecánico que permite alinear la dirección de detección de dichos detectores hacia diferentes zonas del campo de heliostatos. Se consigue con ello una mayor adaptabilidad del sistema, lo que resulta especialmente ventajoso en campos de heliostatos de grandes dimensiones. Likewise, the detectors of the system of the invention preferably comprise a mechanical subsystem that allows the direction of detection of said detectors to be aligned towards different areas of the heliostat field. This achieves greater system adaptability, which is especially advantageous in large heliostat fields.
En una realización adicional de la invención, los detectores de la invención pueden comprender un sistema óptico para limitar la cantidad de luz ambiente que llega hasta el módulo de detección y procesamiento, mejorando así la relación entre dicha luz ambiente y la luz detectada procedente del módulo de generación de señales electromagnéticas moduladas. Se consigue con ello una precisión aún mayor en la medición de la orientación de los heliostatos. Como ejemplo, esta limitación podría realizarse mediante un sistema de lentes o un diafragma que disminuya la apertura del sistema de detección. Un segundo objeto de la invención se refiere a un método de control de heliostatos en centrales termosolares, que comprende el uso de un sistema según cualquiera de las realizaciones descritas en el presente documento. Preferentemente, dicho método comprende las siguientes etapas: In a further embodiment of the invention, the detectors of the invention may comprise an optical system to limit the amount of ambient light that reaches the detection and processing module, thereby improving the relationship between said ambient light and the light detected from the module. of generation of modulated electromagnetic signals. This achieves even greater precision in measuring the orientation of heliostats. As an example, this limitation could be done by means of a lens system or a diaphragm that reduces the opening of the detection system. A second object of the invention relates to a heliostat control method in solar thermal power plants, which comprises the use of a system according to any of the embodiments described herein. Preferably, said method comprises the following steps:
- procesar la señal detectada por una o más líneas de detectores horizontales o verticales del módulo de detección, para identificar qué heliostatos están enviando luz según las frecuencias de las señales generadas por el módulo de generación; - process the signal detected by one or more horizontal or vertical detector lines of the detection module, to identify which heliostats are sending light according to the frequencies of the signals generated by the generation module;
- calcular el giro que hay que realizar en cada heliostato, según su posición en el campo relativa a la torre, para que su alineación sea la correcta; - calculate the turn to be performed on each heliostat, according to its position in the field relative to the tower, so that its alignment is correct;
- enviar órdenes a los motores de los subsistemas de orientación de los heliostatos para corregir su posición. - send orders to the engines of the heliostat orientation subsystems to correct their position.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características principales de la invención, acompaña a esta memoria descriptiva una serie de figuras que se aportan con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo. La Figura 1 muestra un esquema típico de un sistema sol-heliostato-torre, representando el problema general de alineación a resolver por la presente invención. In order to help a better understanding of the main features of the invention, this series accompanies a series of figures that are provided with an illustrative and non-limiting nature. Figure 1 shows a typical scheme of a sol-heliostat-tower system, representing the general alignment problem to be solved by the present invention.
La Figura 2 muestra un esquema de un elemento modulador de la luz según una realización preferente de la invención, basada dicha realización en elementos reflectores rotatorios externos al heliostato. Figure 2 shows a diagram of a light modulating element according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, said embodiment based on rotary reflector elements external to the heliostat.
La Figura 3 muestra un esquema del funcionamiento del módulo de generación de señales electromagnéticas moduladas para un heliostato, según una realización preferente de la presente invención. Figure 3 shows a schematic of the operation of the modulated electromagnetic signal generation module for a heliostat, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
La Figura 4 muestra un esquema de las líneas de detección perpendiculares detectables por el módulo de detección en torre de la invención, según una realización preferente de la misma. REFERENCIAS NUMÉRICAS DE LAS FIGURAS 1 -4: Figure 4 shows a schematic of the perpendicular detection lines detectable by the tower detection module of the invention, according to a preferred embodiment thereof. NUMERICAL REFERENCES OF FIGURES 1 -4:
1 - Sol. 1 - Sun
2 - Heliostato. 3 - Torre. 2 - Heliostat. 3 - Tower.
4 - Prisma reflector rotatorio horizontal. 4 - Horizontal rotary reflector prism.
5 - Prisma reflector rotatorio vertical. 5 - Vertical rotary reflector prism.
6 - Eje de giro del prisma reflector rotatorio horizontal. 6 - Rotational axis of the horizontal rotary reflector prism.
7 - Eje de giro del prisma reflector rotatorio vertical. 7 - Rotational axis of the vertical rotary reflector prism.
8 - Eje horizontal del elemento modulador que define el plano del mismo. 8 - Horizontal axis of the modulator element that defines its plane.
9 - Eje vertical del elemento modulador que define el plano del mismo. 9 - Vertical axis of the modulator element that defines its plane.
10 - Haz de luz incidente. 10 - Incident beam of light.
1 1 - Línea horizontal de haz de luz generado por el reflector rotatorio vertical. 1 1 - Horizontal beam line generated by the vertical rotary reflector.
12 - Línea vertical de haz de luz generado por el reflector rotatorio horizontal. 12 - Vertical line of light beam generated by the horizontal rotary reflector.
13 - Elemento modulador. 13 - Modulator element.
14 - Eje horizontal del heliostato. 14 - Horizontal axis of the heliostat.
15 - Eje vertical del heliostato. 15 - Vertical axis of the heliostat.
16 - Haz de luz reflejada por el heliostato. 16 - Beam of light reflected by the heliostat.
17 - Haz de luz reflejada por el modulador y modulada en amplitud. 17 - Light beam reflected by the modulator and amplitude modulated.
18 - Eje óptico del heliostato. 18 - Heliostat optical axis.
19 - Fila horizontal de detectores del sistema de detección en torre. 19 - Horizontal row of detectors of the tower detection system.
20 - Fila vertical de detectores del sistema de detección en torre. 20 - Vertical row of detectors of the tower detection system.
21 - Receptor de la torre. 21 - Tower receiver.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La Figura 1 del presente documento representa el problema técnico general que se resuelve mediante la invención propuesta. En la Figura se muestra cómo la luz proveniente del sol (1 ) refleja en los espejos de los heliostatos (2), que deben estar correctamente alineados en el sistema óptico que forman sol-heliostato-torre para que esa luz reflejada incida en el receptor de la torre central (3). Figure 1 of this document represents the general technical problem that is solved by the proposed invention. The Figure shows how the light coming from the sun (1) reflects in the mirrors of the heliostats (2), which must be correctly aligned in the optical system that form sol-heliostat-tower so that that reflected light affects the receiver from the central tower (3).
Asimismo, para facilitar la comprensión de las características principales de la invención, se describe a continuación una realización preferente de la misma, donde el módulo de generación de las señales electromagnéticas se diseña con el objetivo de que la detección en la torre sea sencilla y requiera de un número pequeño de detectores. Also, in order to facilitate the understanding of the main features of the invention, a preferred embodiment thereof is described below, where the module for generating the electromagnetic signals is designed with the objective that the detection in the tower is simple and requires of a small number of detectors.
En la Figura 2 se representa un elemento modulador de la luz que está formado por dos prismas poligonales rotatorios (4, 5) que tienen una o varias de caras reflectoras, donde dichos prismas están dispuestos de forma que sus ejes de rotación (6, 7) tengan orientación perpendicular entre sí y paralela al plano del elemento modulador, plano que está definido por su eje horizontal (8) y su eje vertical (9). Uno de los prismas (4) está orientado de acuerdo al eje horizontal de ese plano (8), y el otro (5) de acuerdo a su eje vertical (9). Estos dos prismas rotatorios (4, 5), al reflejar la luz solar incidente (10), producen dos líneas de luz (1 1 , 12) perpendiculares entre sí: una línea vertical (12) generada por el prisma reflector rotatorio horizontal (4) y que es perpendicular al eje horizontal del modulador (8) y otra horizontal (1 1 ) generada por el prisma reflector rotatorio vertical (5) y que es perpendicular al eje vertical del modulador (9). Cada una de esas líneas corresponde a un haz giratorio que, sobre los detectores, generará una señal modulada en amplitud con una frecuencia igual a la de giro del prisma, multiplicada por el número de caras espejadas. Figure 2 shows a light modulator element that is formed by two rotary polygonal prisms (4, 5) that have one or several reflecting faces, where said prisms are arranged so that their axes of rotation (6, 7 ) have guidance perpendicular to each other and parallel to the plane of the modulator element, a plane that is defined by its horizontal axis (8) and its vertical axis (9). One of the prisms (4) is oriented according to the horizontal axis of that plane (8), and the other (5) according to its vertical axis (9). These two rotary prisms (4, 5), reflecting the incident sunlight (10), produce two lines of light (1 1, 12) perpendicular to each other: a vertical line (12) generated by the horizontal rotary reflector prism (4 ) and that is perpendicular to the horizontal axis of the modulator (8) and another horizontal (1 1) generated by the vertical rotary reflector prism (5) and that is perpendicular to the vertical axis of the modulator (9). Each of these lines corresponds to a rotating beam that, on the detectors, will generate an amplitude modulated signal with a frequency equal to that of the prism's rotation, multiplied by the number of mirrored faces.
La rotación se consigue mediante un motor cuya frecuencia de giro está controlada por un PLL, lo que permite asegurar que la frecuencia del haz reflejado será siempre la asignada inicialmente a ese heliostato, "etiquetando" la señal que proviene de cada heliostato (2) concreto. The rotation is achieved by a motor whose rotation frequency is controlled by a PLL, which ensures that the frequency of the reflected beam will always be that initially assigned to that heliostat, "labeling" the signal that comes from each specific heliostat (2) .
En la Figura 3 se representa cómo un elemento modulador de la luz (13) se sitúa junto al heliostato (2), alineado de forma que el plano del modulador y el plano del heliostato sean paralelos, haciendo que los ejes horizontal (8) y vertical (9) del modulador coincidan respectivamente con los ejes horizontal (14) y vertical (15) del heliostato (2). Este plano del heliostato es el plano perpendicular al eje óptico del sistema reflector cóncavo que forman el conjunto de espejos (18) del heliostato. Así, una parte del haz de luz (10) proveniente del sol e incidente al plano del heliostato se refleja en el heliostato (2) y genera un haz (16) en una determinada dirección. Al mismo tiempo, otra parte del haz de luz (10) proveniente del sol e incidente al plano del heliostato se refleja en el elemento modulador (13) y genera un haz modulado en amplitud (17). Este haz modulado, como se muestra en la Figura 2, está formado por dos líneas (1 1 , 12): una línea de luz horizontal (1 1 ) que será perpendicular al eje vertical del heliostato (15), y otra línea de luz vertical (12) que será perpendicular al eje horizontal del heliostato (14), de forma que la dirección en que se cruzan de estas dos líneas de luz vertical y horizontal (1 1 , 12) coincide con la dirección en que se refleja la luz en el heliostato (16). Figure 3 shows how a light modulator element (13) is placed next to the heliostat (2), aligned so that the modulator plane and the heliostat plane are parallel, making the axes horizontal (8) and Vertical (9) of the modulator coincide respectively with the horizontal (14) and vertical (15) axes of the heliostat (2). This plane of the heliostat is the plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the concave reflector system formed by the mirror assembly (18) of the heliostat. Thus, a part of the light beam (10) coming from the sun and incident to the heliostat plane is reflected in the heliostat (2) and generates a beam (16) in a certain direction. At the same time, another part of the light beam (10) coming from the sun and incident to the heliostat plane is reflected in the modulator element (13) and generates an amplitude modulated beam (17). This modulated beam, as shown in Figure 2, is formed by two lines (1 1, 12): a horizontal light line (1 1) that will be perpendicular to the vertical axis of the heliostat (15), and another light line vertical (12) that will be perpendicular to the horizontal axis of the heliostat (14), so that the direction in which these two lines of vertical and horizontal light intersect (1 1, 12) coincides with the direction in which the light is reflected in the heliostat (16).
En la Figura 4 se muestra el aspecto que tienen las dos líneas (1 1 , 12) generadas sobre la superficie de la torre (3). Para determinar la dirección en que se produce la reflexión de la luz en el heliostato (16) se ubican dos filas (19, 20) de detectores en la cara de la torre en la que se ubica el receptor de torre (21 ), preferentemente fuera de la zona de dicho receptor (21 ) para evitar las altas temperaturas. Una fila horizontal (19) de detectores que se coloca en un eje paralelo al plano del suelo y otra fila vertical (20) de detectores que se coloca en un eje perpendicular al plano del suelo. El detector de la fila horizontal (19) de detectores sobre el que incide la línea de luz vertical (12) permite conocer el desalineamiento del heliostato en su eje azimutal, mientras que el detector de la fila vertical (20) iluminado por la línea de luz horizontal (1 1) determina su desalineamiento en elevación. Figure 4 shows the appearance of the two lines (1 1, 12) generated on the surface of the tower (3). To determine the direction in which the reflection of the light occurs in the heliostat (16) two rows (19, 20) of detectors are located on the face of the tower in the that the tower receiver (21) is located, preferably outside the zone of said receiver (21) to avoid high temperatures. A horizontal row (19) of detectors that is placed on an axis parallel to the ground plane and another vertical row (20) of detectors that is placed on an axis perpendicular to the ground plane. The detector of the horizontal row (19) of detectors on which the vertical light line (12) strikes allows to know the misalignment of the heliostat in its azimuthal axis, while the detector of the vertical row (20) illuminated by the line of horizontal light (1 1) determines its elevation misalignment.
La generación de estas dos líneas sobre la superficie de la torre tiene dos efectos positivos adicionales: por un lado, el número de detectores se reduce respecto a una disposición matricial de detectores (2n para configuración en dos líneas con n detectores por cada línea, frente a n2 en una configuración tipo matriz). Por otra parte, las filas de detectores pueden situarse fuera de la zona del receptor, lo que simplifica notablemente el proceso de detección de las señales en cuanto a relación señal/ruido y a problemas con altas temperaturas. The generation of these two lines on the surface of the tower has two additional positive effects: on the one hand, the number of detectors is reduced with respect to a matrix array of detectors (2n for two-line configuration with n detectors per line, opposite an 2 in a matrix type configuration). On the other hand, the rows of detectors can be located outside the receiver area, which greatly simplifies the process of detecting the signals in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and problems with high temperatures.
La señal de cada detector se procesa, preferentemente, mediante transformación de Fourier, lo que permite obtener el espectro de frecuencias en recepción. Como cada heliostato (2) está etiquetado por la frecuencia de modulación que le corresponde, resulta sencillo identificar qué reflectores están incidiendo sobre qué detectores en todo momento. The signal from each detector is preferably processed by Fourier transformation, which allows to obtain the frequency spectrum in reception. Since each heliostat (2) is labeled by its corresponding modulation frequency, it is easy to identify which reflectors are affecting which detectors at all times.
El sistema de comunicación entre el módulo de detección y procesamiento y los motores de orientación de los heliostatos (2) comprende preferentemente una red de comunicaciones inalámbrica o de cable implementada por hardware/software y elementos de conexión, que conecte todos los reflectores con la torre central. El sistema puede aprovechar la misma red que habitualmente existe en las centrales solares de este tipo para permitir mover los heliostatos remotamente. The communication system between the detection and processing module and the heliostats orientation motors (2) preferably comprises a wireless or cable communications network implemented by hardware / software and connection elements, which connects all the reflectors with the tower central. The system can take advantage of the same network that usually exists in solar power plants of this type to allow moving the heliostats remotely.
El método de funcionamiento del sistema comprende, preferentemente, las siguientes etapas para el alineamiento correcto de cada heliostato (2): The method of operation of the system preferably comprises the following steps for the correct alignment of each heliostat (2):
a) Generar mediante los moduladores las señales de luz a frecuencias bien definidas para los heliostatos (2) que se quieren alinear. a) Generate through the modulators the light signals at well defined frequencies for the heliostats (2) to be aligned.
b) Procesar mediante transformada de Fourier la señal de los detectores para calcular el desalineamiento azimutal y en elevación de los heliostatos (2). c) Calcular el giro que hay que realizar en cada heliostato (2), según su posición en el campo relativa a la torre, para que la alineación sea la correcta. b) Process by means of Fourier transform the signal of the detectors to calculate the azimuthal and elevation misalignment of the heliostats (2). c) Calculate the rotation to be performed in each heliostat (2), according to its position in the field relative to the tower, so that the alignment is correct.
d) Enviar a los motores de los heliostatos (2) correspondientes las órdenes necesarias para corregir su posición, d) Send the corresponding orders to the heliostat engines (2) necessary to correct your position,
e) Cuando se haya terminado, puede volver a comenzarse inmediatamente el proceso por la etapa a), si la frecuencia deseada de revisión de la posición así lo requiere. e) When finished, the process can be restarted immediately by step a), if the desired frequency of position review requires it.
Este procedimiento puede modificarse para optimizar su coste temporal, por ejemplo realizando movimientos parciales de los heliostatos en el mismo momento en que se conozca su presencia en uno de los detectores. This procedure can be modified to optimize its temporary cost, for example by performing partial movements of the heliostats at the same time when its presence in one of the detectors is known.
Aunque la aplicación principal de esta invención es el control en lazo cerrado de heliostatos en centrales termosolares de torre, también resulta posible su extensión a otros campos de la industria que requieran un sistema de orientación de características similares. Although the main application of this invention is closed loop control of heliostats in tower solar thermal power plants, it is also possible to extend them to other fields of industry that require an orientation system with similar characteristics.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201431026A ES2558847B1 (en) | 2014-07-08 | 2014-07-08 | SYSTEM AND CONTROL METHOD IN CLOSED LOOP FOR HELIOSTATOS IN TORRE THERMOSOLAR POWER STATIONS |
| ESP201431026 | 2014-07-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2016005620A1 true WO2016005620A1 (en) | 2016-01-14 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/ES2015/000072 Ceased WO2016005620A1 (en) | 2014-07-08 | 2015-06-08 | Closed-loop control system and method for heliostats in solar power towers |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ES (1) | ES2558847B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2016005620A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110849004A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2020-02-28 | 浙江红谱科技股份有限公司 | Control method of solar power generation system |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4382434A (en) * | 1979-04-16 | 1983-05-10 | Milton Meckler | Prismatic tracking insolation collector |
| JPS59220610A (en) * | 1983-05-30 | 1984-12-12 | Toshiba Corp | Digital solar sensor |
| WO2010003115A1 (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2010-01-07 | Greenfield Solar Corp. | Solar collector assembly |
| US20120279485A1 (en) * | 2011-05-03 | 2012-11-08 | Google Inc. | Optical Signal Aiming for Heliostats |
-
2014
- 2014-07-08 ES ES201431026A patent/ES2558847B1/en active Active
-
2015
- 2015-06-08 WO PCT/ES2015/000072 patent/WO2016005620A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4382434A (en) * | 1979-04-16 | 1983-05-10 | Milton Meckler | Prismatic tracking insolation collector |
| JPS59220610A (en) * | 1983-05-30 | 1984-12-12 | Toshiba Corp | Digital solar sensor |
| WO2010003115A1 (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2010-01-07 | Greenfield Solar Corp. | Solar collector assembly |
| US20120279485A1 (en) * | 2011-05-03 | 2012-11-08 | Google Inc. | Optical Signal Aiming for Heliostats |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110849004A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2020-02-28 | 浙江红谱科技股份有限公司 | Control method of solar power generation system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2558847B1 (en) | 2016-11-21 |
| ES2558847A1 (en) | 2016-02-09 |
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