WO2016092993A1 - ポリオレフィン微多孔膜、電池用セパレータおよびそれらの製造方法 - Google Patents
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜、電池用セパレータおよびそれらの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016092993A1 WO2016092993A1 PCT/JP2015/081198 JP2015081198W WO2016092993A1 WO 2016092993 A1 WO2016092993 A1 WO 2016092993A1 JP 2015081198 W JP2015081198 W JP 2015081198W WO 2016092993 A1 WO2016092993 A1 WO 2016092993A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
- B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
- B29C55/10—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial
- B29C55/12—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial biaxial
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/32—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed at least two layers being foamed and next to each other
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F13/00—Common details of rotary presses or machines
- B41F13/08—Cylinders
- B41F13/10—Forme cylinders
- B41F13/11—Gravure cylinders
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2231—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/28—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
- H01M50/406—Moulding; Embossing; Cutting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/463—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
- H01M50/469—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape tubular or cylindrical
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
- B29K2105/041—Microporous
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polyolefin microporous membrane, a battery separator having a porous layer on at least one side of the polyolefin microporous membrane, and a method for producing the same.
- Thermoplastic resin microporous membranes are widely used as material separation membranes and permselective membrane separation membranes.
- battery separators used in lithium ion secondary batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries and polymer batteries, separators for electric double layer capacitors, reverse osmosis filtration membranes, ultrafiltration membranes, microfiltration membranes, etc. Filters, moisture permeable waterproof clothing, medical materials, etc.
- a separator for lithium ion secondary battery it has ion permeability by impregnation with electrolyte, has excellent electrical insulation, interrupts current at a temperature of about 120 to 150 ° C when the temperature inside the battery is abnormally high, and excessively
- a polyethylene microporous membrane having a pore closing function that suppresses the temperature rise is suitably used.
- a membrane breakage may occur due to the shrinkage of the polyethylene microporous membrane. This phenomenon is not limited to a polyethylene microporous film, and even in the case of a microporous film using another thermoplastic resin, it cannot be avoided beyond the melting point of the resin.
- Lithium ion battery separators are deeply involved in battery characteristics, battery productivity, and battery safety, and are required to have heat resistance, electrode adhesion, permeability, melt film breaking characteristics (meltdown), and the like. So far, for example, it has been studied to provide heat resistance and adhesiveness to a battery separator by providing a porous layer on a polyolefin microporous film.
- the resin used for the porous layer heat-resistant polyamideimide resin, polyimide resin, polyamide resin, and fluorine resin having adhesiveness are preferably used.
- a water-soluble or water-dispersible binder capable of laminating a porous layer by a relatively simple process has also been used.
- the porous layer as used in this specification means the layer obtained by the wet coating method.
- Example 5 of Patent Document 1 an aqueous solution in which titania particles and polyvinyl alcohol are uniformly dispersed in a polyethylene microporous membrane precursor obtained by the simultaneous biaxial stretching method is applied using a gravure coater, and then 60 Water was removed by drying at 0 ° C. to obtain a multilayer porous film having a total film thickness of 24 ⁇ m (coating thickness of 4 ⁇ m).
- Example 3 of Patent Document 2 an aqueous solution in which titania particles and polyvinyl alcohol are uniformly dispersed in a polyolefin microporous film obtained by the simultaneous biaxial stretching method is applied using a bar coater, and then heated to 60 ° C. Then, the water is removed by drying to obtain a multilayer porous film having a total film thickness of 19 ⁇ m (coating thickness: 3 ⁇ m).
- Example 1 of Patent Document 3 an aqueous solution in which aluminum particles and polyvinyl alcohol are uniformly dispersed in a polyolefin microporous film obtained by a simultaneous biaxial stretching method is applied using a gravure coater, and then heated to 60 ° C. Then, water is removed by drying to obtain a multilayer porous film having a total film thickness of 20 ⁇ m (coating thickness of 4 ⁇ m).
- Example 6 of Patent Document 4 a polyethylene microporous film obtained by a sequential biaxial stretching method is applied to a coating liquid containing meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide, alumina particles, dimethylacetamide (DMAc), and tripropylene glycol (TPG).
- a separator for a non-aqueous secondary battery in which a heat-resistant porous layer is formed is obtained through a solidification, water washing and drying process.
- Patent Document 5 a polyethylene microporous membrane obtained by a sequential biaxial stretching method is passed between opposing Meyer bars with a suitable amount of a coating liquid composed of meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide, aluminum hydroxide, DMAc, and TPG.
- a separator for a non-aqueous secondary battery in which a heat-resistant porous layer is formed is obtained through solidification, washing and drying processes.
- Patent Document 6 a polyethylene microporous film obtained by a sequential biaxial stretching method is passed between opposing Meyer bars with an appropriate amount of a coating solution composed of polymetaphenylene isophthalamide, aluminum hydroxide, DMAc, and TPG, A separator for a non-aqueous secondary battery in which a heat-resistant porous layer is formed is obtained through solidification, water washing and drying processes.
- Patent Document 7 a non-porous film-like material having a three-layer structure having a polypropylene-containing layer containing a ⁇ crystal nucleating agent as an outer layer is stretched in the longitudinal direction using a longitudinal stretching apparatus, and then alumina particles and polyvinyl alcohol are dispersed. After applying the aqueous dispersion containing the mixture using a Mayer bar, the laminated porous film is obtained by combining the so-called sequential biaxial stretching method and in-line coating method, which is stretched twice in the transverse direction and then subjected to heat setting / relaxation treatment. Yes.
- Patent Document 8 a separation membrane obtained by a sequential biaxial stretching method using a stretching method that is composed of four stretching rolls and that makes a contact angle between an object to be stretched and a stretching roll at a certain level or more in a longitudinal stretching machine. Illustrated.
- lithium-ion secondary batteries are not limited to small electronic devices such as mobile phones and personal digital assistants, but are expected to be used for large applications such as large tablets, mowers, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and small vessels. ing.
- large-sized batteries there is a need for cost reduction as well as higher capacity of lithium ion secondary batteries.
- battery separators will be made longer to 1000 m or more in order to reduce manufacturing costs. By increasing the length of the separator, it is possible to reduce the switching time of the battery separator roll in the slit process or the battery assembly process, and to obtain a battery separator for reducing material loss.
- the thickness variation width of the porous layer in the length direction is large, there will be a thin portion that does not have a thickness sufficient to provide a sufficient function.
- the average thickness needs to be 1.5 to 2 times the required minimum thickness in order to sufficiently secure the function of the porous layer, which is a high cost factor.
- the increase in the thickness of the separator reduces the number of windings of the electrode winding body, which becomes a factor that hinders the increase in battery capacity.
- the lengthening of the battery separator has an adverse effect on the winding shape of the winding body, for example, the winding deviation tends to occur due to an increase in diameter when the winding body is made. As the separator is made thinner, the number of windings is further increased, and this effect becomes remarkable.
- the present invention aims at obtaining a polyolefin microporous membrane having a length of 1000 m or more and a fluctuation range of F25 value in the length direction of 1 MPa or less, which is suitable for providing a uniform porous layer thickness.
- Another object of the present invention is to obtain a battery separator having a uniform porous layer thickness on the polyolefin microporous membrane and suitable for increasing the battery capacity.
- the uniform thickness of the porous layer in the present specification means that the fluctuation range (R) of the thickness of the porous layer in the length direction is 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the laminated polyolefin microporous membrane and battery separator of the present invention have the following constitutions. That is, (1) A polyolefin microporous membrane having a length of 1000 m or more, wherein the fluctuation range of the F25 value in the length direction is 1 MPa or less.
- the F25 value represents a value obtained by dividing the load value when the test piece is stretched by 25% using a tensile tester by the cross-sectional area of the test piece.
- At least one surface of a polyolefin microporous membrane having a fluctuation range of F25 value in the length direction of 1 MPa or less contains a water-soluble resin or a water-dispersible resin and heat-resistant particles, and an average thickness T (ave) is 1 Battery separator provided with a porous layer of ⁇ 5 ⁇ m.
- the F25 value represents a value obtained by dividing the load value when the test piece is stretched 25% by the tensile tester by the cross-sectional area of the test piece.
- a porous layer containing a water-soluble resin or a water-dispersible resin and heat-resistant particles and having an average thickness T (ave) of 1 to 5 ⁇ m is provided on at least one surface of the polyolefin microporous membrane described in (1).
- Battery separator (4)
- a battery separator in which a thickness variation width (R) in the length direction of the porous layer is 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
- a method for producing a polyolefin microporous membrane (A) A step of melt-kneading a polyolefin resin and a molding solvent to prepare a polyolefin resin solution (b) A step of extruding the polyolefin resin solution into a sheet form from an extruder and cooling to form an unstretched gel-like sheet , (C) a step of obtaining a longitudinally stretched gel-like sheet by passing the unstretched gel-like sheet between at least three pairs of longitudinally stretched roll groups and stretching in the longitudinal direction according to the peripheral speed ratio of the roll group increasing stepwise.
- a longitudinal stretching roll and a nip roll in contact with the longitudinal stretching roll are a pair of longitudinal stretching rolls, and the pressure at which the nip roll contacts the longitudinal stretching roll is 0.05 MPa or more and 0.5 MPa or less
- a method for producing a polyolefin microporous membrane comprising a step of heat-treating the dried sheet to obtain a polyolefin microporous membrane.
- a method for producing a polyolefin microporous membrane roll comprising a step of winding the polyolefin microporous membrane obtained by the above production method at a conveyance speed of 50 m / min or more.
- a coating liquid containing a water-soluble resin or a water-dispersible resin and fine particles is applied to at least one surface of the polyolefin microporous membrane obtained by the above production method using a coating roll having a runout accuracy of 10 ⁇ m / ⁇ 100 mm or less.
- the manufacturing method of the separator for batteries including the process of coating and drying.
- a polyolefin microporous membrane having a length of 1000 m or more suitable for providing a uniform thickness of the porous layer can be obtained.
- a battery separator suitable for increasing the capacity of a battery in which the thickness of the porous layer is uniformly provided on the polyolefin microporous film can be obtained.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane of the present invention has a length of 1000 m or more, and the fluctuation range of the F25 value in the length direction is 1 MPa or less (where F25 value is the value when the test piece is stretched 25% using a tensile tester)
- the load value is divided by the cross-sectional area of the test piece.
- the contact pressure at the tangent line between the polyolefin microporous film and the coating roll (hereinafter abbreviated as coating tangent) is set by setting the fluctuation range of the F25 value in the length direction of the polyolefin microporous film to 1 MPa or less.
- the fluctuation range of the F25 value in the length direction exceeds 1 MPa, the winding hardness of the wound body of the microporous film can vary during winding in the slit process or coating process, and bending or winding deviation is likely to occur. Appearance deteriorates. For example, this becomes prominent when processing at a high speed such that the conveyance speed at the time of winding onto the winding core is 50 m / min or more.
- the fluctuation range of the F25 value in the length direction is 1 MPa or less, preferably 0.8 MPa or less, more preferably 0.6 MPa or less, and further preferably 0.4 MPa or less.
- the fluctuation range of the F25 value in the length direction of the polyethylene microporous membrane can be controlled by highly controlling the longitudinal stretching step and the lateral stretching step.
- the polyolefin resin constituting the polyolefin microporous membrane is preferably polyethylene or polypropylene. It may be a single substance or a mixture of two or more different polyolefin resins, for example, a mixture of polyethylene and polypropylene, or a copolymer of different olefins. Among these, polyethylene is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of hole closing performance. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of pore closing performance, polyethylene preferably has a melting point (softening point) of 70 to 150 ° C.
- polyethylene will be described in detail as an example of the polyolefin resin used in the present invention.
- polyethylene include ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, high density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, and low density polyethylene.
- the polymerization catalyst is not particularly limited, and a Ziegler-Natta catalyst, a Philips catalyst, a metallocene catalyst, or the like can be used. These polyethylenes may be not only ethylene homopolymers but also copolymers containing small amounts of other ⁇ -olefins.
- ⁇ -olefins other than ethylene include propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-octene, (meth) acrylic acid, esters of (meth) acrylic acid, styrene, etc. Is preferred.
- the polyethylene may be a single material, but is preferably a polyethylene mixture composed of two or more types of polyethylene.
- the polyethylene mixture a mixture of two or more types of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene having different weight average molecular weights (Mw), a mixture of high density polyethylene, a mixture of medium density polyethylene, or a mixture of low density polyethylene may be used. You may use the mixture of 2 or more types of polyethylene chosen from the group which consists of high molecular weight polyethylene, high density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, and low density polyethylene.
- the polyethylene mixture is preferably a mixture comprising ultra high molecular weight polyethylene having an Mw of 5 ⁇ 10 5 or more and polyethylene having an Mw of 1 ⁇ 10 4 to less than 5 ⁇ 10 5 .
- the ultra high molecular weight polyethylene content in the mixture is preferably 1 to 40% by weight from the viewpoint of tensile strength.
- the molecular weight distribution (weight average molecular weight (Mw) / number average molecular weight (Mn)) of polyethylene is preferably in the range of 5 to 200 from the viewpoint of mechanical strength.
- a method for producing a polyethylene microporous membrane As a method for producing a polyethylene microporous membrane, there are a dry method (a method using a crystal nucleating agent or particles without using a molding solvent (also referred to as a stretch-opening method)) and a wet method (phase separation method).
- the wet method is preferable from the viewpoints of uniforming the fine pores and planarity.
- a manufacturing method by a wet method for example, polyethylene and a molding solvent are heated and melt-kneaded, the obtained resin solution is extruded from a die, and cooled to form an unstretched gel sheet, and the obtained unstretched Examples include a method of obtaining a microporous film by stretching the gel-like sheet in at least a uniaxial direction, removing the molding solvent, and drying.
- the polyethylene microporous film may be a single layer film or a layer structure composed of two or more layers having different molecular weights or average pore diameters.
- a layer structure composed of two or more layers it is preferable that the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of at least one outermost polyethylene resin satisfy the above.
- each polyethylene constituting the a layer and the b layer is heated and melt-kneaded with a molding solvent, and the obtained resin solutions are fed from respective extruders.
- Either a method of supplying to one die and integrating and co-extrusion or a method of heat-sealing by overlapping the gel sheets constituting each layer can be produced.
- the coextrusion method is preferred because it is easy to obtain the adhesive strength between layers, and it is easy to form communication holes between layers, so that high permeability is easily maintained and productivity is excellent.
- the unstretched gel-like sheet is treated in the length direction (also referred to as “MD” or “longitudinal direction”) and in the width direction (“TD” or “lateral direction”) by a roll method, a tenter method, or a combination of these methods.
- stretching is preferably a sequential biaxial stretching method in which the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction are sequentially performed.
- the simultaneous biaxial stretching method is a stretching method in which the clip is simultaneously expanded in the longitudinal direction and the lateral direction after being fixed with clips that grasp both ends of the unstretched gel-like sheet.
- Such a simultaneous biaxial stretching method is not preferable because the gap between the clips increases with the draw ratio, and the quality of the sheet in the length direction varies, resulting in an increase in the fluctuation range of the F25 value in the length direction. .
- the method for producing a polyolefin microporous membrane of the present invention includes the following steps (a) to (f).
- (c) the unstretched A longitudinal stretching step of stretching the gel-like sheet in the longitudinal direction to form a longitudinally-stretched gel-like sheet
- the longitudinally stretched gel-like sheet is gripped so that the distance between the clips is 50 mm or less at the tenter outlet, and the transverse direction
- a corona treatment step or the like may be provided.
- (A) Preparation process of polyethylene resin solution As a preparation process of a polyethylene resin solution, after adding the solvent for shaping
- a melt-kneading method for example, a method using a twin-screw extruder described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 06-104736 and Japanese Patent No. 3347835 can be used. Since the melt-kneading method is known, the description thereof is omitted.
- the molding solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can sufficiently dissolve polyethylene.
- the polyethylene resin concentration in the polyethylene resin solution is preferably 25 to 40 parts by weight, with the total of the polyethylene resin and the molding solvent being 100 parts by weight.
- the polyethylene resin concentration is in the above preferred range, swell and neck-in can be prevented at the die outlet when the polyethylene resin solution is extruded, and the moldability and self-supporting property of the gel-like sheet are maintained.
- Step B Step of forming an unstretched gel-like sheet
- the polyethylene resin solution is fed directly to the die from the extruder or via another extruder, and is in the form of a sheet. And cooled to form an unstretched gel sheet.
- a plurality of polyolefin solutions having the same or different compositions may be fed from an extruder to a single die, where they are laminated in layers and extruded into sheets.
- the extrusion method may be either a flat die method or an inflation method.
- the extrusion temperature is preferably 140 to 250 ° C.
- the extrusion speed is preferably 0.2 to 15 m / min.
- the film thickness can be adjusted by adjusting each extrusion amount of the polyolefin solution.
- the extrusion method for example, methods disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 06-104736 and Japanese Patent No. 3347835 can be used.
- a gel-like sheet is formed by cooling the polyethylene resin solution extruded into a sheet form.
- a cooling method a method of contacting with a cooling medium such as cold air or cooling water, a method of contacting with a cooling roll, or the like can be used, but it is preferable that the cooling is performed by contacting with a roll cooled with a cooling medium.
- an unstretched gel-like sheet can be formed by bringing a polyethylene resin solution extruded in a sheet shape into contact with a rotating cooling roll set at a surface temperature of 20 ° C. to 40 ° C. with a refrigerant.
- the extruded polyethylene resin solution is preferably cooled to 25 ° C. or lower.
- (C) Longitudinal stretching step As the longitudinal stretching step, the unstretched gel sheet was passed through a plurality of preheating rolls, and the temperature was raised to a predetermined temperature, and then the peripheral speed between the rolls was increased stepwise. At least three pairs of longitudinally stretched rolls are passed and stretched in the longitudinal direction to obtain a longitudinally stretched gel-like sheet.
- the stretching step a longitudinal stretching roll and a nip roll that is in contact with the longitudinal stretching roll at a constant pressure are set as a pair of roll groups, and by passing an unstretched gel sheet between at least three pairs of roll groups, The longitudinal stretching is performed according to the peripheral speed ratio of the roll group.
- the nip roll By arranging the nip roll in parallel with the longitudinal stretching roll, the sheet is brought into close contact with the longitudinal stretching roll, and by fixing the stretching position of the sheet, the sheet can be stably run and uniform longitudinal stretching can be performed.
- the longitudinal stretching step is preferably divided into two or more stretches rather than one stretch to obtain a desired stretch ratio. That is, it is important to arrange three or more pairs of longitudinal stretching rolls.
- the present invention it is important to stretch the unstretched gel sheet in the length direction by gradually increasing the peripheral speed of each stretching roll. Furthermore, it is preferable to increase the peripheral speed ratio between adjacent stretching rolls in a stepwise manner. That is, the peripheral speed ratio between the first stretching roll and the second stretching roll is reduced, the peripheral speed ratio between the second and third stretching rolls, and the peripheral speed ratio between the third and fourth stretching rolls in order.
- By increasing the speed ratio it is possible to achieve both productivity while controlling the fluctuation range of F25 in the length direction. This is because when the unstretched gel-shaped molded sheet passes through the first stretching roll, it contains a large amount of the molding solvent and is slippery, but the molding solvent is increased by gradually increasing the peripheral speed between the stretching rolls.
- the squeezing effect means that the forming solvent is squeezed out from an unstretched gel-like sheet or a gel-like sheet being longitudinally stretched to prevent slipping with the longitudinal stretching roll and to be stably stretched.
- the upper limit of the peripheral speed ratio of the drawing roll in the first drawing step is preferably 1.5 or less, more preferably 1.3 or less, and still more preferably 1.2 or less.
- the lower limit is preferably 1.1.
- the difference in the peripheral speed ratio between adjacent stretching rolls is 0.5 or less, preferably 0.4 or less, and more preferably 0.3 or less.
- the interval between adjacent stretching rolls is preferably such that the distance from the stretched gel-like molded sheet to the next stretching roll is 150 mm to 500 mm.
- the interval between adjacent stretching rolls is less than 150 mm above, the fluctuation range of F25 may be large, and when it exceeds 500 mm, temperature drop of the gel-like molded sheet during stretching can be prevented and the occurrence of stretch spots can be suppressed.
- the sheet temperature in the longitudinal stretching step is preferably the melting point of the polyolefin resin + 10 ° C. or less.
- the draw ratio is preferably 9 times or more, more preferably 16 to 400 times in terms of surface magnification from the viewpoint of the elasticity and strength of the polyolefin microporous membrane.
- the surface temperature of the longitudinal stretching roll controls the fluctuation range of the surface temperature within ⁇ 2 ° C. in the effective width of the stretching roll for each roll (the width through which the sheet being stretched passes).
- the surface temperature of the longitudinal stretching roll can be measured, for example, with an infrared radiation thermometer.
- the longitudinal stretching roll is preferably a metal roll that has been subjected to hard chrome plating with a surface roughness of 0.3S to 5.0S.
- a surface roughness of 0.3S to 5.0S.
- slippage in the longitudinal stretching process is suppressed using a nip roll. If only the contact area between the longitudinal stretching roll and the gel-like sheet is increased without using the nip roll, a sufficient slip suppression effect cannot be obtained, and the fluctuation range of the F25 value may increase.
- it is attempted to suppress sheet slippage with a single nip roll it is necessary to increase the pressure at which the nip roll contacts the drawing roll (also referred to as nip pressure), which may crush the pores of the resulting polyethylene microporous film. is there. Therefore, it is important to use three or more nip rolls and relatively reduce the nip pressure to the longitudinal stretching rolls that form a pair of each nip roll. A plurality of nip rolls may be used for one longitudinal stretching roll.
- the nip pressure of each nip roll is 0.05 MPa or more and 0.5 Mpa or less. If the nip pressure of the nip roll exceeds 0.5 MPa, the pores of the obtained polyethylene microporous membrane may be crushed. If it is less than 0.05 MPa, the nip pressure is not sufficient, and the slip suppression effect cannot be obtained, and the effect of squeezing out the molding solvent is difficult to obtain.
- the lower limit of the nip pressure of the nip roll is preferably 0.1 MPa, more preferably 0.2 MPa, and the upper limit is preferably 0.5 MPa, more preferably 0.4 MPa. When the nip pressure of the nip roll is within the above range, an appropriate slip suppression effect can be obtained.
- the nip roll needs to be covered with heat resistant rubber.
- the forming solvent bleeds out from the gel-like sheet by pressure due to heat or tension.
- the bleed out in the longitudinal stretching process immediately after extrusion is remarkable.
- the sheet is conveyed and stretched while the bleed-out forming solvent is present at the boundary between the sheet and the roll surface, and the sheet becomes slippery.
- a nip roll coated with a heat-resistant rubber is arranged so as to be in contact with the longitudinal stretching roll in parallel, and by passing through an unstretched gel-like sheet, it can be stretched while squeezing out the molding solvent from the gel-like sheet being stretched, As a result, slippage can be suppressed.
- the nip roll is preferably a roll in which a metal roll having a diameter of 100 mm to 300 mm is coated with a heat resistant rubber having a thickness of 3 to 20 mm.
- a so-called rubber roll in which the volume of the heat-resistant rubber portion occupies 80% or more is not preferable because it is easy to bend and it is difficult to apply a uniform pressure in the width direction.
- the scraping means is not particularly limited, but can be a doctor blade, blown with compressed air, sucked, or a combination of these methods.
- the method of scraping with a doctor blade is preferable because it can be carried out relatively easily.
- the doctor blade is placed on the longitudinal stretching roll so as to be parallel to the width direction of the longitudinal stretching roll, and the molding solvent is not visible on the surface of the stretching roll immediately after passing through the doctor blade until the gel-like sheet being stretched contacts.
- a method of scraping to the extent is preferred.
- One doctor blade or a plurality of doctor blades may be used.
- the scraping means may be installed on either the longitudinal stretching roll or the nip roll, or may be installed on both.
- the material of the doctor blade is not particularly limited as long as it is resistant to the forming solvent, but is preferably made of resin or rubber rather than metal. In the case of metal, there is a risk of scratching the stretching roll.
- the resin doctor blade include polyester, polyacetal, and polyethylene.
- both ends of the longitudinally stretched gel-like sheet are fixed using clips, and then the clip is laterally expanded in the tenter to stretch the longitudinally stretched gel-like sheet in the lateral direction. Then, a biaxially stretched gel sheet is obtained.
- the distance between the clips in the sheet traveling direction is preferably maintained at 50 mm or less from the tenter entrance to the exit, more preferably 25 mm or less, and further preferably 10 mm or less. When the distance between the clips is within the preferable range, the fluctuation range of the F25 value in the width direction can be suppressed.
- the tenter In the transverse stretching process or heat treatment process, it is preferable to divide the tenter into 10 to 30 zones and control the temperature independently in each zone in order to suppress the influence of a rapid temperature change.
- the temperature of each zone is raised by hot air stepwise in the sheet traveling direction, and a sudden temperature change occurs between the zones in the heat treatment process. It is preferable not to do so.
- Step of removing the molding solvent from the biaxially stretched gel-like sheet and drying The molding solvent is removed (washed) from the biaxially stretched gel-like sheet using a removal cleaning solvent.
- Cleaning solvents include hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane and heptane, chlorinated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride and carbon tetrachloride, fluorinated hydrocarbons such as ethane trifluoride, and ethers such as diethyl ether and dioxane. Volatile ones can be used. These washing solvents are appropriately selected according to the molding solvent used for dissolving polyethylene, and used alone or in combination.
- the cleaning method can be performed by a method of immersing and extracting in a cleaning solvent, a method of showering the cleaning solvent, a method of sucking the cleaning solvent from the opposite side of the sheet, or a method using a combination thereof. Cleaning as described above is performed until the residual solvent of the sheet is less than 1% by weight. Then, although a sheet
- Step of heat-treating the dried sheet to obtain a polyolefin microporous membrane Heat-treat the dried sheet to obtain a polyethylene microporous membrane.
- the heat treatment is preferably performed at a temperature in the range of 90 to 150 ° C. from the viewpoint of heat shrinkage and air resistance.
- the residence time of the heat treatment step is not particularly limited, it is usually preferably 1 second or longer and 10 minutes or shorter, more preferably 3 seconds or longer and 2 minutes or shorter.
- any of a tenter method, a roll method, a rolling method and a free method can be adopted.
- the heat treatment step it is preferable to shrink in at least one of the length direction and the width direction while fixing both the length direction and the width direction.
- the residual strain of the polyolefin microporous membrane can be removed by the heat treatment step.
- the shrinkage rate in the length direction or width direction in the heat treatment step is preferably 0.01 to 50%, more preferably 3 to 20% from the viewpoint of the heat shrinkage rate and the air permeation resistance.
- it may be reheated and restretched to improve the mechanical strength.
- the re-stretching process may be either a stretching roll type or a tenter type.
- the width of the polyolefin microporous membrane is not particularly limited, but the lower limit is preferably 500 mm, more preferably 600 mm, still more preferably 1000 mm, and the upper limit is preferably 4000 mm, more preferably 3000 mm, still more preferably 2000 mm.
- the thickness of the polyolefin microporous film is in the above range, it is suitable for producing a high-capacity battery and is not easily bent by its own weight.
- the lower limit of the length of the polyolefin microporous membrane is preferably 1000 m, more preferably 2000 m, and still more preferably 3000 m.
- the upper limit is not particularly defined, but is preferably 10,000 m, more preferably 8000 m, and still more preferably 7000 m.
- the thickness of the polyolefin microporous membrane is preferably 5 to 25 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of increasing the battery capacity.
- the air resistance of the polyolefin microporous membrane is preferably 50 sec / 100 cc Air to 300 sec / 100 cc Air.
- the porosity of the polyolefin microporous membrane is preferably 30 to 70%.
- the average pore diameter of the polyolefin microporous membrane is preferably 0.01 to 1.0 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of pore closing performance.
- the porous layer referred to in the present invention imparts or improves at least one of functions such as heat resistance, adhesion to electrode materials, and electrolyte permeability.
- the porous layer is composed of inorganic particles and a resin.
- the resin has a role of imparting or improving the function and binding inorganic particles and a role of binding the polyolefin microporous membrane and the porous layer.
- the resin include polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose ether resin, and acrylic resin.
- the cellulose ether resin examples include carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), carboxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, cyanethyl cellulose, oxyethyl cellulose, and polyvinylidene fluoride resin.
- the resin can be used as an aqueous solution or an aqueous dispersion, and may be a commercially available one.
- Examples of commercially available products include “POVACOAT” (registered trademark) manufactured by Nisshin Kasei Co., Ltd., “Jurimer” (registered trademark) AT-510, ET-410, FC-60 manufactured by Toa Gosei Co., Ltd.
- VINYCOAT PVDF AQ360 manufactured by Paint Co., Ltd.
- polyvinyl alcohol and acrylic resin are suitable, and when importance is attached to electrode adhesiveness and non-aqueous electrolyte, polyvinylidene fluoride resin is preferred.
- the average particle diameter of the inorganic particles is preferably 1.5 times or more and 50 times or less, more preferably 2 times or more and 20 times or less of the average pore diameter of the polyolefin microporous membrane.
- the average particle diameter of the particles is within the above preferable range, the pores of the polyolefin microporous film can be prevented from being blocked in a state where the heat-resistant resin and the particles are mixed, and as a result, the air permeability resistance can be maintained. In addition, it prevents particles from falling off during the battery assembly process and causing serious defects in the battery.
- the porous layer contains inorganic particles.
- Inorganic particles include calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, amorphous silica, crystalline glass filler, kaolin, talc, titanium dioxide, alumina, silica-alumina composite oxide particles, barium sulfate, calcium fluoride, lithium fluoride, zeolite , Molybdenum sulfide, mica, boehmite and the like.
- the heat-resistant crosslinked polymer particles include crosslinked polystyrene particles, crosslinked acrylic resin particles, and crosslinked methyl methacrylate particles.
- the shape of the inorganic particles include a true spherical shape, a substantially spherical shape, a plate shape, a needle shape, and a polyhedral shape, but are not particularly limited.
- the upper limit of the content of inorganic particles contained in the porous layer is preferably 98 vol%, more preferably 95 vol%.
- the lower limit is preferably 50 vol%, more preferably 60 vol%.
- the average thickness T (ave) of the porous layer is preferably 1 ⁇ m at the lower limit, more preferably 1.5 ⁇ m, still more preferably 2.0 ⁇ m, and the upper limit is preferably 5 ⁇ m, more preferably 4 ⁇ m, still more preferably 3 ⁇ m. .
- the thickness fluctuation width (R) of the porous layer can be suppressed.
- the battery separator obtained by laminating the porous layer can ensure the film breaking strength and insulation when melted / shrinked at a melting point or higher. Moreover, the winding volume can be suppressed, which is suitable for increasing the battery capacity.
- the porosity of the porous layer is preferably 30 to 90%, more preferably 40 to 70%.
- the desired porosity can be obtained by appropriately adjusting the concentration of inorganic particles, the binder concentration, and the like.
- a method for laminating a porous layer on a polyolefin microporous membrane according to the present invention will be described.
- a battery separator can be obtained by laminating a porous layer on a polyolefin microporous membrane having a fluctuation range of F25 value in the length direction of 1 MPa or less.
- the contact pressure at the tangent to the coating roll (hereinafter abbreviated as coating tangent) tends to be uniform with respect to the length direction of the polyolefin microporous membrane. It becomes easy to make the thickness uniform.
- a method of laminating a porous layer on a polyolefin microporous membrane is, for example, using a known roll coating method to be described later, and applying a coating liquid containing a resin, inorganic particles and a dispersion solvent to the polyolefin microporous membrane to a predetermined thickness.
- a coating liquid containing a resin, inorganic particles and a dispersion solvent to the polyolefin microporous membrane to a predetermined thickness.
- the solvent include water, alcohols, and a mixed solution thereof.
- roll coating method examples include a reverse roll coating method and a gravure coating method, and these methods can be performed alone or in combination. Of these, gravure coating is preferred from the viewpoint of uniform coating thickness.
- the thickness of the coating tangent line between the roll and the polyolefin microporous film in the roll coating method is preferably 3 mm or more and 10 mm or less.
- the thickness of the coating tangent exceeds 10 mm, the contact pressure between the polyolefin microporous film and the coating roll is large, and the coating surface is easily scratched.
- the coating tangent is a line where the coating roll and the polyolefin microporous membrane are in contact, and the thickness of the coating tangent means the width in the length direction of the coating tangent (see FIG. 5).
- the thickness of the coating tangent can be measured by observing the coating tangent of the coating roll and the polyolefin microporous membrane from the back surface of the polyolefin microporous membrane.
- adjust the thickness of the coating tangent line adjust the position of the coating roll relative to the polyolefin microporous membrane back and forth, and adjust the left / right position balance of the back roll placed behind the coating surface in the horizontal direction. Is possible. It is more effective to arrange the back roll on both the upstream side and the downstream side with respect to the coating roll.
- the runout accuracy of the coating roll in the roll coating method is preferably 10 ⁇ m / ⁇ 100 mm or less, more preferably 8 ⁇ m / ⁇ 100 mm or less, and further preferably 5 ⁇ m / ⁇ 100 mm or less.
- the runout accuracy of the coating roll is within the above range, a uniform coating thickness can be easily obtained in the length direction.
- the uniform thickness of the porous layer in the length direction of the separator means that the thickness variation width (R) is 1.0 ⁇ m or less with respect to the length of the separator of 1000 m or more.
- the variation width (R) of the thickness is preferably 0.8 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the solid content concentration of the coating solution is not particularly limited as long as it can be uniformly applied, but is preferably 20% by weight or more and 80% by weight or less, and more preferably 50% by weight or more and 70% by weight or less.
- the solid content concentration of the coating liquid is in the above preferred range, a uniform coating thickness can be easily obtained, and the porous layer can be prevented from becoming brittle.
- the film thickness of the battery separator obtained by laminating a porous layer on a polyolefin microporous membrane is preferably 6 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of mechanical strength and battery capacity.
- the width of the battery separator is not particularly limited, but the lower limit is preferably 30 mm, more preferably 60 mm, still more preferably 100 mm, and the upper limit is preferably 2000 mm, more preferably 1000 mm, and still more preferably 800 mm.
- the thickness of the battery separator is in the above range, it is suitable for producing a high-capacity battery and is not easily bent by its own weight.
- the lower limit of the length of the battery separator is preferably 1000 m, more preferably 2000 m, and still more preferably 3000 m.
- the upper limit is not particularly defined, but is preferably 10,000 m, more preferably 8000 m, and still more preferably 7000 m.
- the battery separator is desirably stored in a dry state, but when it is difficult to store in a completely dry state, it is preferable to perform a vacuum drying treatment at 100 ° C. or less immediately before use.
- the battery separator of the present invention includes a nickel-hydrogen battery, a nickel-cadmium battery, a nickel-zinc battery, a silver-zinc battery, a secondary battery such as a lithium secondary battery, a lithium polymer secondary battery, and a plastic film capacitor, ceramic Although it can be used as a separator for a capacitor, an electric double layer capacitor, etc., it is particularly preferably used as a separator for a lithium ion secondary battery.
- a lithium ion secondary battery will be described as an example.
- a lithium ion secondary battery contains an electrode body in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are stacked with a separator interposed therebetween and an electrolytic solution (electrolyte).
- the structure of the electrode body is not particularly limited, and may be a known structure.
- an electrode structure in which disc-shaped positive electrodes and negative electrodes are opposed to each other, an electrode structure in which flat plate-like positive electrodes and negative electrodes are alternately stacked (stacked type), and belt-shaped positive electrodes and negative electrodes are stacked. It can be set as a structure such as a wound electrode structure (winding type).
- the measured value in an Example is a value measured with the following method.
- test pieces of TD 10 mm ⁇ MD 50 mm were cut out in the width direction of the polyolefin microporous membranes obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the test pieces at both ends were cut out from the inside 30 mm from the end in the width direction of the microporous membrane.
- JIS K7113 using a tabletop precision universal testing machine (Autograph AGS-J (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation)), the SS curve (vertical stress (stress) and vertical strain (strain) in the length direction of the test piece )).
- the vertical stress value at the time when the vertical strain was extended by 25% was read, and the value obtained by dividing the value by the cross-sectional area of each test piece was taken as F25 value, and an average value in the width direction of 5 points was determined.
- the average value of the F25 value in the width direction was obtained at five locations at intervals of 250 m in the length direction, and the fluctuation range of the F25 value was obtained from the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value.
- Each average value in the width direction was obtained at five locations at intervals of 250 m with respect to the length direction, and the variation width (R) of the thickness of the porous layer in the length direction was determined from the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value.
- the average thickness of the 25 test pieces in total was defined as the average thickness T (ave) of the porous layer.
- FE-SEM Field emission scanning electron microscope
- CP Cross section polisher
- SM-9010 manufactured by JEOL Ltd.
- the fluctuation range of the surface temperature of the longitudinal drawing roll The surface of each roll was measured 5 times every 5 minutes with an infrared radiation thermometer, and the fluctuation range of the surface temperature of the longitudinal drawing roll was determined from the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value.
- the coating tangent is a line in the width direction where the coating roll and the polyolefin microporous membrane are in contact with each other during coating.
- the thickness of the coating tangent is the width in the length direction of the coating tangent, and is a value read using the scale through the back surface of the polyolefin microporous membrane.
- Reference example 1 Polyvinyl alcohol (average polymerization degree 1700, saponification degree 99% or more), alumina particles having an average particle diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m, and ion-exchanged water were blended in a weight ratio of 6:54:40, respectively, and sufficiently stirred, uniformly Dispersed. Subsequently, it filtered with the filter with a filtration limit of 5 micrometers, and obtained the coating liquid (a).
- POVACOAT polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic acid and methyl methacrylate
- Reference example 3 A water-based emulsion of polyvinylidene fluoride resin (VINYCOAT PVDF AQ360, manufactured by East Japan Paint Co., Ltd.), alumina particles having an average particle size of 0.5 ⁇ m, and ion-exchanged water are blended in a weight ratio of 30:30:40, respectively. Stir and disperse uniformly. Subsequently, it filtered with the filter of the filtration limit 5 micrometers, and obtained the coating liquid (c).
- VINYCOAT PVDF AQ360 manufactured by East Japan Paint Co., Ltd.
- Example 1 To 100 parts by mass of a composition comprising 40% by mass of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene having a mass average molecular weight of 2.5 ⁇ 10 6 and 60% by mass of high density polyethylene having a mass average molecular weight of 2.8 ⁇ 10 5 , tetrakis [methylene- 3- (3,5-ditertiary butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propionate] 0.375 parts by mass of methane was dry blended to prepare a polyethylene composition. 30 parts by weight of the obtained polyethylene composition was put into a twin screw extruder.
- a metal roll (surface roughness 0.5S) with a width of 1000 mm, a diameter of 300 mm, and hard chrome plating was used as the longitudinal stretching roll.
- the surface temperature of each longitudinal stretching roll was 110 ° C.
- a doctor blade made of polyester was used as the doctor blade.
- a nitrile rubber coating roll manufactured by Kakkuri Roller Manufacturing Co., Ltd. was used as the nip roll.
- the peripheral speed of the stretching roll is increased stepwise in the direction going downstream, the circumferential speed ratio of the first stretching roll and the second stretching roll is 1.3, the second stretching roll,
- the circumferential speed ratio of the third stretching roll was set to 1.5
- the circumferential speed ratio of the third stretching roll to the fourth stretching roll was 1.8
- the circumferential speed ratio of the fourth stretching roll to the fifth stretching roll was set to 2.1.
- the distance between adjacent stretching rolls was 200 mm for the distance between the gel-like molded sheet being stretched and the next stretching roll, and the pressure of each nip roll was 0.3 MPa.
- the surface temperature fluctuation width of each drawing roll was controlled to be within ⁇ 2 ° C.
- the obtained dried sheet was re-stretched by a re-stretching apparatus shown in FIG. 4 so that the longitudinal magnification was 1.2 times, and heat-treated at 125 ° C. for 20 seconds to obtain a polyolefin microporous film having a thickness of 16 ⁇ m. Furthermore, a polyolefin microporous film roll having a width of 4000 mm and a winding length of 5050 m at a conveyance speed of 50 m / min was obtained. From the obtained wound body, a polyolefin microporous membrane was drawn out, slitted to a width of 950 mm, and a polyolefin microporous membrane A used as a coating substrate was obtained.
- Example 2 A polyolefin microporous membrane B was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the longitudinal stretching apparatus B shown in FIG. 2 was used instead of the longitudinal stretching apparatus A as the longitudinal stretching apparatus.
- Example 3 A polyolefin microporous membrane C was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the longitudinal stretching apparatus C shown in FIG. 3 was used instead of the longitudinal stretching apparatus A as the longitudinal stretching apparatus.
- Example 4 A longitudinal stretching apparatus D shown in FIG. 4 is used as the longitudinal stretching apparatus in place of the longitudinal stretching apparatus A, and the peripheral speed ratio of the first stretching roll and the second stretching roll of the longitudinal stretching apparatus D is 1.5, the second stretching roll and the second stretching roll.
- a polyolefin microporous membrane D was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the peripheral speed ratio of the three stretching rolls was 2.0 and the peripheral speed ratio of the third and fourth stretching rolls was 2.5.
- Example 5 A polyolefin microporous membrane E was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the pressure of each nip roll was changed to 0.1 MPa in the longitudinal stretching apparatus.
- Example 6 A microporous polyolefin membrane F was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the pressure of each nip roll was 0.5 MPa in the longitudinal stretching apparatus.
- Example 7 The extrusion amount of the polyethylene resin solution was adjusted, and a polyolefin microporous membrane G having a thickness of 7 ⁇ m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 8 In the longitudinal stretching apparatus A, a polyolefin microporous membrane H was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a ceramic coated metal roll having a surface roughness of 5.0 S was used for all the five longitudinal stretching rolls.
- Example 9 Peripheral speed ratio 1.2 of first stretching roll and second stretching roll of longitudinal stretching apparatus A, circumferential speed ratio 1.5 of second stretching roll and third stretching roll, circumference of third stretching roll and fourth stretching roll A polyolefin microporous membrane I was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the speed ratio was set to 1.8 and the peripheral speed ratio between the fourth stretching roll and the fifth stretching roll was set to 2.3.
- Example 10 The circumferential speed ratio of the first stretching roll and the second stretching roll of the longitudinal stretching apparatus A is 1.3, the circumferential speed ratio of the second stretching roll and the third stretching roll is 1.7, the circumference of the third stretching roll and the fourth stretching roll A polyolefin microporous membrane J was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the speed ratio was set to 1.8 and the peripheral speed ratio of the fourth stretching roll to the fifth stretching roll was set to 1.9.
- Comparative Example 1 The both ends of the unstretched gel-like sheet formed in Example 1 are gripped with clips, led to a tenter divided into 5 zones adjusted to a temperature of 116 ° C., and 7 times in the longitudinal direction by the simultaneous biaxial stretching method, in the lateral direction A biaxially stretched gel-like sheet was formed by stretching 7 times. At this time, the interval between the clips was 5 mm at the entrance of the tenter and 95 mm at the exit of the tenter with respect to the sheet traveling direction. Next, the simultaneously biaxially stretched gel-like sheet is cooled to 30 ° C., washed in a methylene chloride washing tank adjusted to 25 ° C., and the liquid paraffin removed sheet is dried in a drying oven adjusted to 60 ° C.
- a microporous polyolefin membrane was obtained. Furthermore, a polyolefin microporous film roll having a width of 4000 mm and a winding length of 5050 m at a conveyance speed of 50 m / min was obtained. From the obtained wound body, a polyolefin microporous film was drawn out and slitted to a width of 950 mm to obtain a polyolefin microporous film K used as a coating substrate.
- Comparative Example 3 A polyolefin microporous membrane M was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the longitudinal stretching apparatus B was used as the longitudinal stretching apparatus and no nip roll was used for any of the five stretching rolls.
- a polyolefin microporous membrane O was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the longitudinal stretching roll was a hard chromium plated metal roll having a surface roughness of 0.1S.
- Example 11 The polyolefin microporous membrane A obtained in Example 1 was coated with the coating liquid (a) at a conveyance speed of 50 m / min using the coating apparatus (gravure coating method) shown in FIG. It was dried by passing through a furnace for 10 seconds to obtain a battery separator. At this time, the positions of the coating roll and the back roll of the coating apparatus were adjusted so that the thickness of the coating tangent line was within the range of 3 to 5 mm. The coating roll used was a gravure roll with a diameter of 100 mm and a runout accuracy of 8 ⁇ m / ⁇ 100 mm. Next, slitting was performed to obtain a battery separator having a battery separator thickness of 19 ⁇ m, a width of 900 mm, and a winding length of 5000 m.
- the coating liquid (a) at a conveyance speed of 50 m / min using the coating apparatus (gravure coating method) shown in FIG. It was dried by passing through a furnace for 10 seconds to obtain a battery
- Examples 12-20 Battery separators were obtained in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the polyolefin microporous membranes B to J obtained in Examples 2 to 10 were used.
- Example 21 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the coating liquid (a) was changed to the coating liquid (b).
- Example 22 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the coating liquid (a) was changed to the coating liquid (c).
- Example 23 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the coating roll was a gravure roll having a diameter of 100 mm and the runout accuracy was 10 ⁇ m / ⁇ 100 mm.
- Example 24 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the coating roll was a gravure roll with a diameter of 100 mm and the runout accuracy was 5 ⁇ m / ⁇ 100 mm.
- Example 25 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the positions of the gravure roll and back roll of the coating apparatus were adjusted so that the thickness of the coating tangent line was in the range of 5 to 7 mm.
- Example 26 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the positions of the gravure roll and back roll of the coating apparatus were adjusted and the thickness of the coating tangent line was in the range of 8 to 10 mm.
- Example 27 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the cell capacity of the gravure roll in the coating apparatus was changed to a porous layer thickness of 5 ⁇ m.
- Comparative Examples 10-18 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the polyolefin microporous membranes K to S obtained in Comparative Examples 1 to 9 were used.
- Comparative Example 19 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the coating roll was a gravure roll having a diameter of 100 mm and the runout accuracy was 12 ⁇ m / ⁇ 100 mm.
- Comparative Example 20 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the positions of the gravure roll and back roll of the coating apparatus were adjusted so that the thickness of the coating tangent line was in the range of 11 to 13 mm.
- Comparative Example 21 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the cell capacity of the gravure roll in the coating apparatus was changed so that the thickness of the porous layer was 8 ⁇ m.
- Table 1 shows the production conditions and characteristics of polyethylene microporous membranes obtained in Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 9.
- Table 2 shows the production conditions of the battery separators obtained in Examples 11 to 27 and Comparative Examples 10 to 21, their characteristics, and the characteristics of the wound body.
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Abstract
Description
なお、本明細書でいう多孔層とは湿式コーティング法によって得られる層をいう。
上記課題を解決するために本発明の積層ポリオレフィン微多孔膜及び電池用セパレータは以下の構成を有する。
すなわち、
(1)長さ方向におけるF25値の変動幅が1MPa以下である、長さ1000m以上のポリオレフィン微多孔膜。ここで、F25値とは引張試験機を用いて試験片が25%伸びた時の荷重値を試験片の断面積で除した値を表す。
(2)長さ方向におけるF25値の変動幅が1MPa以下であるポリオレフィン微多孔膜の少なくとも片面に、水溶性樹脂または水分散性樹脂と、耐熱性粒子を含み、平均厚みT(ave)が1~5μmの多孔層を設けた電池用セパレータ。(ここで、F25値とは引張試験機を用いて試験片が25%伸びた時の荷重値を試験片の断面積で除した値を表す。)
(3)(1)に記載のポリオレフィン微多孔膜の少なくとも片面に、水溶性樹脂または水分散性樹脂と、耐熱性粒子を含み、平均厚みT(ave)が1~5μmの多孔層を設けた電池用セパレータ。
(4)前記多孔層の長さ方向における厚み変動幅(R)が1.0μm以下である電池用セパレータ。
(5)前記水溶性樹脂または水分散性樹脂がポリビニルアルコール、アクリル系樹脂、ポリフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂を少なくとも一種含む電池用セパレータ。
(6)前記ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の長さが2000m以上である電池用セパレータ。
(7)前記ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の幅が3000m以上である電池用セパレータ。
上記課題を解決するために本発明のポリオレフィン微多孔膜及び電池用セパレータの製造方法は以下の構成を有する。
すなわち、
(8)ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の製造方法であって、
(a)ポリオレフィン樹脂と成形用溶剤とを溶融混練してポリオレフィン樹脂溶液を調製する工程
(b)前記ポリオレフィン樹脂溶液を押出機よりシート状に押出し、冷却して未延伸ゲル状シートを形成する工程、
(c)前記未延伸ゲル状シートを少なくとも3対の縦延伸ロール群の間を通過させ、段階的に増大するロール群の周速比によって縦方向に延伸し、縦延伸ゲル状シートを得る工程(ここで、縦延伸ロールとこれに平行に接するニップロールを1対の縦延伸ロール群とし、該ニップロールが縦延伸ロールに接する圧力は0.05MPa以上、0.5MPa以下である)
(d)前記縦延伸ゲル状シートをクリップ間距離がテンター出口で50mm以下となるように把持して横方向に延伸し、二軸延伸ゲル状シートを得る工程
(e)前記二軸延伸ゲル状シートから成形用溶剤を抽出し、乾燥する工程
(f)前記乾燥後のシートを熱処理してポリオレフィン微多孔膜を得る工程
を含むポリオレフィン微多孔膜の製造方法。
(9)隣り合う延伸ロールの周速比が段階的に増大するポリオレフィン微多孔膜の製造方法。
(10)前記製造方法で得られたポリオレフィン微多孔膜を搬送速度が50m/分以上で巻き上げる工程を含むポリオレフィン微多孔膜捲回体の製造方法。
(11)前記製造方法で得られたポリオレフィン微多孔膜の少なくとも片面に、水溶性樹脂または水分散性樹脂と微粒子を含む塗工液を、振れ精度が10μm/Φ100mm以下の塗工ロールを用いて塗工し、乾燥する工程を含む電池用セパレータの製造方法。
(12)前記塗工ロールがグラビアロールである電池用セパレータの製造方法。
まず、本発明のポリオレフィン微多孔膜について説明する。
本発明のポリオレフィン微多孔膜は長さ方向のF25値の変動幅が1MPa以下であり、好ましくは0.8MPa以下、より好ましくは0.6MPa以下、さらに好ましくは0.4MPa以下である。下記に述べるように、特に、縦延伸工程及び横延伸工程を高度に制御することでポリエチレン微多孔膜の長さ方向のF25値の変動幅を制御することができる。
ポリエチレンとしては、超高分子量ポリエチレン、高密度ポリエチレン、中密度ポリエチレン及び低密度ポリエチレンなどが挙げられる。また、重合触媒には特に制限はなく、チーグラー・ナッタ系触媒、フィリップス系触媒やメタロセン系触媒などを用いることができる。これらのポリエチレンはエチレンの単独重合体のみならず、他のα-オレフィンを少量含有する共重合体であってもよい。エチレン以外のα-オレフィンとしてはプロピレン、1-ブテン、1-ペンテン、1-ヘキセン、4-メチル-1-ペンテン、1-オクテン、(メタ)アクリル酸、(メタ)アクリル酸のエステル、スチレン等が好適である。ポリエチレンとしては、単一物でもよいが、2種以上のポリエチレンからなるポリエチレン混合物であることが好ましい。
次いで、ポリエチレン微多孔膜の製造方法について説明する。
ポリエチレン微多孔膜の製造方法としては、乾式法(成形用溶剤を用いず結晶核剤や粒子を用いて多孔化する方法(延伸開孔法ともいう。))と湿式法(相分離法)があり、微細孔の均一化、平面性の観点から湿式法が好ましい。
本発明では前記未延伸ゲル状シートをロール法、テンター法もしくはこれらの方法の組み合わせによって長さ方向(「MD」又は「縦方向」ともいう)及び幅方向(「TD」又は「横方向」ともいう)の二方向に所定の倍率で延伸する。本発明において延伸は縦方向及び横方向を順次行う、逐次二軸延伸法が好ましい。同時二軸延伸法は、未延伸ゲル状シートの両端をつかむクリップで固定した後、縦方向及び横方向に同時に前記クリップを拡張させる延伸法である。このような同時二軸延伸法は延伸倍率に伴ってクリップの間隔が広くなり、長さ方向におけるシートの品質にばらつきが生じ、結果として長さ方向でF25値の変動幅が増大するので好ましくない。
(a)ポリオレフィン樹脂と成形用溶剤とを溶融混練し、ポリオレフィン樹脂溶液を調製する工程
(b)前記ポリオレフィン樹脂溶液を押出し、冷却し、未延伸ゲル状シートを形成する工程
(c)前記未延伸ゲル状シートを縦方向に延伸し、縦延伸ゲル状シートを形成する縦延伸工程
(d)前記縦延伸ゲル状シートを、クリップ間距離がテンター出口で50mm以下となるように把持して横方向に延伸し、二軸延伸ゲル状シートを得る工程
(e)前記二軸延伸ゲル状シートから成形用溶剤を除去し、乾燥する工程
(f)前記乾燥後のシートを熱処理してポリオレフィン微多孔膜を得る工程
さらに(a)~(f)の工程の後、必要に応じてコロナ処理工程等を設けてもよい。
(a)ポリエチレン樹脂溶液の調製工程
ポリエチレン樹脂溶液の調製工程としては、ポリエチレン樹脂に成形用溶剤を添加した後、溶融混練し、ポリオレフィン樹脂溶液を調製する。溶融混練方法として、例えば、特公平06-104736号公報および日本国特許第3347835号公報に記載の二軸押出機を用いる方法を利用することができる。溶融混練方法は公知であるので説明を省略する。
未延伸ゲル状シートを成形する工程としては、ポリエチレン樹脂溶液を押出機から直接的に又は別の押出機を介してダイに送給し、シート状に押し出し、冷却して未延伸ゲル状シートを成形する。同一または異なる組成の複数のポリオレフィン溶液を、押出機から一つのダイに送給し、そこで層状に積層し、シート状に押出してもよい。
縦延伸工程としては、未延伸ゲル状シートを複数本の予熱ロールを経由させ、所定の温度まで昇温させた後、各ロール間の周速を段階的に増大させた少なくとも3対の縦延伸ロール群を通過させ、縦方向に延伸し、縦延伸ゲル状シートを得る。
延伸工程において、縦延伸ロールと、縦延伸ロールに平行に一定の圧力をもって接するニップロールとを1対のロール群とし、少なくとも3対のロール群の間を未延伸ゲル状シートを通過させることで、ロール群の周速比によって縦延伸がなされる。縦延伸ロールと平行にニップロールを配置することで縦延伸ロール上にシートを密着させ、シートの延伸位置を固定することでシートを安定に走行させ、均一な縦延伸をすることができる。また、均一な縦延伸をするためには縦延伸工程は1段延伸より2段延伸以上に分けて所望の延伸倍率にすることが好ましい。つまり、縦延伸ロールを3対以上配置することが重要である。
横延伸工程としては、縦延伸ゲル状シートの両端をクリップを用いて固定した後、テンター内で前記クリップを横方向に拡張させて縦延伸ゲル状シートを横方向に延伸し、二軸延伸ゲル状シートを得る。ここでシート進行方向のクリップ間距離はテンター入り口から出口まで50mm以下で維持されることが好ましく、より好ましくは25mm以下、さらに好ましくは10mm以下とする。クリップ間距離が上記好ましい範囲内にあると幅方向のF25値の変動幅を抑えることができる。
前記二軸延伸ゲル状シートから除去洗浄溶剤を用いて、成形用溶剤の除去(洗浄)を行う。洗浄溶剤としては、ペンタン、ヘキサン、ヘプタンなどの炭化水素、塩化メチレン、四塩化炭素などの塩素化炭化水素、三フッ化エタンなどのフッ化炭化水素、ジエチルエーテル、ジオキサンなどのエーテル類などの易揮発性のものを用いることができる。これらの洗浄溶剤はポリエチレンの溶解に用いた成形用溶剤に応じて適宜選択し、単独もしくは混合して用いる。洗浄方法は、洗浄溶剤に浸漬し抽出する方法、洗浄溶剤をシャワーする方法、洗浄溶剤をシートの反対側から吸引する方法、またはこれらの組合せによる方法などにより行うことができる。上述のような洗浄は、シートの残留溶剤が1重量%未満になるまで行う。その後、シートを乾燥するが、乾燥方法は加熱乾燥、風乾などの方法で行うことができる。
乾燥後のシートを熱処理してポリエチレン微多孔膜を得る。熱処理は熱収縮率及び透気抵抗度の観点から90~150℃の範囲内の温度で行うのが好ましい。熱処理工程の滞留時間は、特に限定されることはないが、通常は1秒以上10分以下が好ましく、より好ましくは3秒以上2分以下である。熱処理はテンター方式、ロール方式、圧延方式、フリー方式のいずれも採用できる。
次に、多孔層について説明する。
本発明でいう多孔層とは、耐熱性、電極材料との密着性、電解液浸透性などの機能を少なくとも一つを付与、または向上させるものである。多孔層は無機粒子と樹脂で構成される。樹脂とは、前記機能を付与又は向上させるとともに無機粒子同士を結合させる役割、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜と多孔層とを結合させる役割を有するものである。樹脂としては、ポリビニルアルコール、セルロースエーテル系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂などが挙げられる。セルロースエーテル系樹脂としてはカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース(HEC)、カルボキシエチルセルロース、メチルセルロース、エチルセルロース、シアンエチルセルロース、オキシエチルセルロース、ポリフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂等が挙げられる。また、樹脂は水溶液または水分散液として用いることができ、市販されているものでもよい。市販されているものとしては、例えば、日新化成(株)製“POVACOAT”(登録商標)、東亜合成(株)製“ジュリマー”(登録商標)AT-510、ET-410、FC-60、SEK-301、大成ファインケミカル(株)製UW-223SX、UW-550CS、DIC(株)製WE-301、EC-906EF、CG-8490、アルケマ(株)製“KYRNAR”(登録商標)WATERBORNE、東日本塗料(株)製VINYCOAT PVDF AQ360などが挙げられる。耐熱性を重視する場合はポリビニルアルコール、アクリル系樹脂が好適であり、電極接着性、非水電解液との親和性を重視する場合はポリフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂が好適である。
次に、本発明におけるポリオレフィン微多孔膜への多孔層の積層方法について説明する。 本発明は、長さ方向のF25値の変動幅が1MPa以下であるポリオレフィン微多孔膜に多孔層を積層することで電池用セパレータを得ることができる。本発明のポリオレフィン微多孔膜を用いることによって塗工ロールとの接線(以下、塗工接線と略記する。)における接触圧力がポリオレフィン微多孔膜の長さ方向に対して均一になりやすく、塗工厚を均一にしやすくなる。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜に多孔層を積層して得られた電池用セパレータの膜厚は、機械強度、電池容量の観点から6μm~30μmが好ましい。
実施例及び比較例で得られたポリオレフィン微多孔膜の幅方向に対してTD10mm×MD50mmの試験片を5点切り出した。両端部の試験片は微多孔膜の幅方向の端部から30mm内側から切り出した。JIS K7113に準じ、卓上形精密万能試験機(オートグラフAGS‐J((株)島津製作所製))を用いて、試験片の長さ方向のSS曲線(垂直応力(stress)と垂直歪み(strein)との関係)を求めた。垂直歪みが25%伸長した時点での垂直応力値を読み取り、その値を各試験片の断面積で除した値をF25値とし、5点の幅方向の平均値を求めた。長さ方向に対して250m間隔で5箇所について、F25値の幅方向の各平均値を求め、その最大値と最小値の差からF25値の変動幅を求めた。なお、電池用セパレータから多孔層を剥離除去したポリオレフィン微多孔膜を試験片に供してもよい。
・測定条件
ロードセル容量:1kN
クリップ間距離:20mm
試験速度:20mm/min
測定環境:気温20℃、相対湿度60%
実施例及び比較例で得られたポリオレフィン微多孔膜の幅方向に対してTD10mm×MD50mmの試験片を5点切り出した。両端部の試験片は微多孔膜の幅方向の端部から30mm内側から切り出した。
各試験片の断面をSEM観察することによって多孔層の厚みを求めた。断面試験片はクライオCP法を用いて作製し、電子線によるチャージアップを防ぐため、僅かに金属微粒子を蒸着してSEM観察を行った。無機粒子の存在領域を多孔層として膜厚を測定し、5点の幅方向の平均値を求めた。長さ方向に対して250m間隔で5箇所について幅方向の各平均値を求め、その最大値と最小値の差から長さ方向に対する多孔層の厚みの変動幅(R)とした。上記計25点の試験片の厚みの平均値を多孔層の平均厚みT(ave)とした。
・測定装置
電界放射型走査電子顕微鏡(FE‐SEM)S‐4800((株)日立ハイテクノロジ-ズ製)
クロスセクションポリッシャ(CP)SM‐9010(日本電子(株)製)
・測定条件
加速電圧:1.0kV
各ロールの表面を赤外放射温度計で5分間ごとに5回測定し、最大値と最小値の差から縦延伸ロールの表面温度の変動幅を求めた。
塗工接線とは、塗工の際に塗工ロールとポリオレフィン微多孔膜が接する幅方向の線である。塗工接線の太さとは、塗工接線の長さ方向の幅であり、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の裏面を通してスケールを用いて読み取った値をいう。
実施例及び比較例で得られた電池用セパレータの捲回体を目視で観察を行い、たわみ、巻きずれの発生している箇所の数を数えた。
・判定基準
○(良好):なし
△(許容):1~3ヶ所
×(不良):4ヶ所以上
実施例及び比較例で得られた電池用セパレータの捲回体から最外周部分を取り除いた後、内周部分1m2を引き出し、評価用試料とした。
キズの検出には、ブロムライト(写真撮影、ビデオ撮影時用いる照明器具)を塗工面に照射し、キズを目視で検出し、数を数えた。
・判定基準
○(良好):1箇所以下
△(許容):2~5箇所
×(不良):6箇所以上
参考例1
ポリビニルアルコール(平均重合度1700、ケン化度99%以上)、平均粒径0.5μmのアルミナ粒子、イオン交換水をそれぞれ6:54:40の重量比率で配合して十分に攪拌し、均一に分散させた。次いで、濾過限界5μmのフィルターで濾過し、塗工液(a)を得た。
ポリビニルアルコールとアクリル酸、メタクリル酸メチルの共重合体(“POVACOAT”(登録商標)、日新化成(株)製)、平均粒径0.5μmのアルミナ粒子、溶媒(イオン交換水:エタノール=70:30)をそれぞれ5:45:50の重量比率で配合し、十分に攪拌し、均一に分散させた。次いで、濾過限界5μmのフィルターで濾過し、塗工液(b)を得た。
ポリフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂の水系エマルション(VINYCOAT PVDF AQ360、東日本塗料(株)製)、平均粒径0.5μmのアルミナ粒子、イオン交換水をそれぞれ30:30:40の重量比率で配合して十分に攪拌し、均一に分散させた。次いで、濾過限界5μmのフィルターで濾過し、塗工液(c)を得た。
実施例1
質量平均分子量2.5×106の超高分子量ポリエチレンを40質量%と質量平均分子量2.8×105の高密度ポリエチレンを60質量%とからなる組成物100質量部に、テトラキス[メチレン‐3‐(3,5‐ジターシャリーブチル‐4‐ヒドロキシフェニル)-プロピオネート]メタン0.375質量部をドライブレンドし、ポリエチレン組成物を作成した。得られたポリエチレン組成物30重量部を二軸押出機に投入した。さらに、流動パラフィン70重量部を二軸押出機のサイドフィーダーから供給し、溶融混練して、押出機中にてポリエチレン樹脂溶液を調製した。続いて、この押出機の先端に設置されたダイから190℃でポリエチレン樹脂溶液を押し出し、内部冷却水温度を25℃に保った冷却ロールで引き取りながら未延伸ゲル状シートを成形した。
得られた未延伸ゲル状シートを、シート表面の温度が110℃になるように、4本の予熱ロール群を通過させ、図1に示す縦延伸装置Aに導いた。縦延伸ロールには、幅1000mm、直径300mm、ハードクロムメッキが施された金属ロール(表面粗度0.5S)を用いた。なお、各縦延伸ロールの表面温度は110℃であった。ドクターブレードにはポリエステル製のドクターブレードを用いた。また、ニップロールにはニトリルゴム被覆ロール((株)加貫ローラ製作所製)を用いた。縦延伸装置として縦延伸装置Aを用い、川下に進む方向に段階的に延伸ロールの周速を増大させ、第1延伸ロールと第2延伸ロールの周速比1.3、第2延伸ロールと第3延伸ロールの周速比1.5、第3延伸ロールと第4延伸ロールの周速比1.8、第4延伸ロールと第5延伸ロールの周速比2.1に設定した。また、隣り合う延伸ロールの間隔は延伸中のゲル状成形シートが延伸ロールから離れて次の延伸ロールに接するまでの距離を200mmとし、各ニップロールの圧力は0.3MPaとした。さらに、各延伸ロールの表面温度変動幅は±2℃以内となるよう制御した。次いで、4本の冷却ロールを通過させし、シート温度が50℃になるよう冷却し、縦延伸ゲル状シートを形成した。
得られた縦延伸ゲル状シートの両端部をクリップで把持し、20ゾーンに分割されたテンター内で、温度115℃で横方向に6倍延伸し、二軸延伸ゲル状シートを成形した。このときシート進行方向に対してクリップの間隔はテンター入り口から出口まで5mmとした。得られた二軸延伸ゲル状シートを30℃まで冷却し、25℃に温調した塩化メチレンの洗浄槽内にて流動パラフィンを除去し、60℃に調整された乾燥炉で乾燥した。
得られた乾燥後のシートを図4に示す再延伸装置にて縦倍率1.2倍となるよう再延伸し、125℃、20秒間熱処理し、厚さ16μmのポリオレフィン微多孔膜を得た。さらに、巻き上げ時の搬送速度を50m/分で幅4000mm、巻き長5050mのポリオレフィン微多孔膜捲回体を得た。得られた捲回体からポリオレフィン微多孔膜を繰り出し、幅950mmにスリット加工して塗工用基材として用いるポリオレフィン微多孔膜Aを得た。
縦延伸装置として縦延伸装置Aの替わりに図2に示す縦延伸装置Bを用いた以外実施例1と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜Bを得た。
縦延伸装置として縦延伸装置Aの替わりに図3に示す縦延伸装置Cを用いた以外実施例1と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜Cを得た。
縦延伸装置として縦延伸装置Aの替わりに図4に示す縦延伸装置Dを用い、縦延伸装置Dの第1延伸ロールと第2延伸ロールの周速比1.5、第2延伸ロールと第3延伸ロールの周速比2.0、第3延伸ロールと第4延伸ロールの周速比2.5に設定した以外は実施例1と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜Dを得た。
縦延伸装置において、各ニップロールの圧力を0.1MPaとした以外は実施例1と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜Eを得た。
縦延伸装置において、各ニップロールの圧力を0.5MPaとした以外は実施例1と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜Fを得た。
ポリエチレン樹脂溶液の押し出し量を調整し、実施例1と同様にして、厚さ7μmのポリオレフィン微多孔膜Gを得た。
縦延伸装置Aにおいて、5本の縦延伸ロールとも表面粗度が5.0Sのセラミック被覆金属ロールを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜Hを得た。
縦延伸装置Aの第1延伸ロールと第2延伸ロールの周速比1.2、第2延伸ロールと第3延伸ロールの周速比1.5、第3延伸ロールと第4延伸ロールの周速比1.8、第4延伸ロールと第5延伸ロールの周速比2.3に設定した以外は実施例1と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜Iを得た。
縦延伸装置Aの第1延伸ロールと第2延伸ロールの周速比1.3、第2延伸ロールと第3延伸ロールの周速比1.7、第3延伸ロールと第4延伸ロールの周速比1.8、第4延伸ロールと第5延伸ロールの周速比1.9に設定した以外は実施例1と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜Jを得た。
実施例1で成形された未延伸ゲル状シートの両端部をクリップで把持し、温度116℃に調節した5ゾーンに分割されたテンターに導き同時二軸延伸法で縦方向に7倍、横方向に7倍に延伸して同時二軸延伸ゲル状シートを成形した。このとき、クリップの間隔は、シート進行方向に対してテンター入り口では5mmであり、テンター出口では95mmであった。次いで、同時二軸延伸ゲル状シートを30℃まで冷却し、25℃に温調した塩化メチレンの洗浄槽内にて洗浄し、流動パラフィンを除去したシートを60℃に調整された乾燥炉で乾燥し、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を得た。さらに、巻き上げ時の搬送速度を50m/分で幅4000mm、巻き長5050mのポリオレフィン微多孔膜捲回体を得た。得られた捲回体からポリオレフィン微多孔膜を繰り出し、幅950mmにスリット加工して塗工用基材として用いるポリオレフィン微多孔膜Kを得た。
縦延伸装置Aにおいて、5本の延伸ロールともニップロールを用いなかったこと以外は実施例1と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜Lを得た。
縦延伸装置として縦延伸装置Bを用い、5本の延伸ロールともニップロールを用いなかったこと以外は実施例1と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜Mを得た。
縦延伸装置Aにおいて、各ニップロールの圧力は0.04MPaとした以外は実施例1と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜Nを得た。
縦延伸装置Aにおいて、縦延伸ロールを表面粗度0.1Sのハードクロムメッキされた金属ロールを用いた以外実施例1と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜Oを得た。
縦延伸装置Aの第1延伸ロールと第2延伸ロールの周速比1.6、第2延伸ロールと第3延伸ロールの周速比1.6、第3延伸ロールと第4延伸ロールの周速比1.7、第4延伸ロールと第5延伸ロールの周速比1.7に設定した以外は実施例1と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜Pを得た。
縦延伸装置Aの第1延伸ロールと第2延伸ロールの周速比1.1、第2延伸ロールと第3延伸ロールの周速比1.3、第3延伸ロールと第4延伸ロールの周速比1.5、第4延伸ロールと第5延伸ロールの周速比3.5に設定した以外は実施例1と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜Qを得た。
縦延伸装置Aの第1延伸ロールと第2延伸ロールの周速比1.3、第2延伸ロールと第3延伸ロールの周速比1.7、第3延伸ロールと第4延伸ロールの周速比1.8、第4延伸ロールと第5延伸ロールの周速比1.9に設定した以外は実施例1と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜Rを得た。
縦延伸装置Aにおいて、各縦延伸ロールそれぞれの温度変動幅が±3℃以内であった以外は実施例1と同様にしてポリオレフィン微多孔膜Sを得た。
実施例11
実施例1で得られたポリオレフィン微多孔膜Aに図5に示す塗工装置(グラビアコート法)を用いて搬送速度50m/分で塗工液(a)を塗工し、50℃の熱風乾燥炉を10秒間通過させることで乾燥し電池用セパレータを得た。このとき、塗工装置の塗工ロールとバックロールの位置を調整し、塗工接線の太さが3~5mmの範囲内になるようにした。また、塗工ロールは直径100mmのグラビアロールで振れ精度が8μm/Φ100mmのものを用いた。次いで、スリット加工し、電池用セパレータの厚み19μm、幅900mm、巻き長5000mの電池用セパレータを得た。
実施例2~10で得られたポリオレフィン微多孔膜B~Jを用いた以外は実施例11と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
塗工液(a)を塗工液(b)に替えた以外は実施例11と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
塗工液(a)を塗工液(c)に替えた以外は実施例11と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
塗工ロールを直径100mmのグラビアロールで振れ精度が10μm/Φ100mmのものを用いた以外は実施例11と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
塗工ロールを直径100mmのグラビアロールで振れ精度が5μm/Φ100mmのものを用いた以外は実施例11と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
塗工装置のグラビアロールとバックロールの位置を調整し、塗工接線の太さが5~7mmの範囲とした以外は実施例11と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
塗工装置のグラビアロールとバックロールの位置を調整し、塗工接線の太さが8~10mmの範囲とした以外は実施例11と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
塗工装置におけるグラビアロールのセル容量を変更して、多孔層厚み5μmとした以外は実施例11と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
比較例1~9で得られたポリオレフィン微多孔膜K~Sを用いた以外は実施例11と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
塗工ロールを直径100mmのグラビアロールで振れ精度が12μm/Φ100mmのものを用いた以外は実施例11と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
塗工装置のグラビアロールとバックロールの位置を調整し、塗工接線の太さが11~13mmの範囲とした以外は実施例11と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
多孔層厚み8μmとなるように塗工装置におけるグラビアロールのセル容量を変更した以外は実施例11と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
2.ニップロール
3.ブレード
4.未延伸ゲル状シート
5.二軸延伸シート
6.再縦延伸ロール
7.再縦延伸用ニップロール
8.ポリオレフィン微多孔膜
9.塗工ロール
10.塗工接線
11.バックロール
12.ロール位置調整方向
Claims (12)
- 長さ方向におけるF25値の変動幅が1MPa以下である、長さ1000m以上のポリオレフィン微多孔膜。(ここで、F25値とは引張試験機を用いて試験片が25%伸びた時の荷重値を試験片の断面積で除した値を表す。)
- 長さ方向におけるF25値の変動幅が1MPa以下であるポリオレフィン微多孔膜の少なくとも片面に、水溶性樹脂または水分散性樹脂と、耐熱性粒子を含み、平均厚みT(ave)が1~5μmの多孔層を設けた電池用セパレータ。(ここで、F25値とは引張試験機を用いて試験片が25%伸びた時の荷重値を試験片の断面積で除した値を表す。)
- 請求項1に記載のポリオレフィン微多孔膜の少なくとも片面に、水溶性樹脂または水分散性樹脂と、耐熱性粒子を含み、平均厚みT(ave)が1~5μmの多孔層を設けた電池用セパレータ。
- 多孔層の長さ方向における厚み変動幅(R)が1.0μm以下である請求項2又は3に記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 水溶性樹脂または水分散性樹脂が、ポリビニルアルコール、アクリル系樹脂及びポリフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂のうちを少なくとも一種含む請求項2~4のいずれかに記載の電池用セパレータ。
- ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の長さが2000m以上の請求項3~5のいずれかに記載の電池用セパレータ。
- ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の長さが3000m以上の請求項3~6のいずれかに記載の電池用セパレータ。
- (a)ポリオレフィン樹脂と成形用溶剤とを溶融混練してポリオレフィン樹脂溶液を調製する工程
(b)前記ポリオレフィン樹脂溶液を押出機よりシート状に押出し、冷却して未延伸ゲル状シートを形成する工程
(c)前記未延伸ゲル状シートを少なくとも3対の縦延伸ロール群の間を通過させ、段階的に増大するロール群の周速によって縦方向に延伸し、縦延伸ゲル状シートを得る工程(ここで、縦延伸ロールとこれに平行に接する耐熱性ゴムで被覆したニップロールを1対の縦延伸ロール群とし、該ニップロールが縦延伸ロールに接する圧力は0.05MPa以上、0.5MPa以下である)
(d)前記縦延伸ゲル状シートをクリップ間距離がテンター出口で50mm以下となるように把持して横方向に延伸し、二軸延伸ゲル状シートを得る工程
(e)前記二軸延伸ゲル状シートから成形用溶剤を抽出し、乾燥する工程
(f)前記乾燥後のシートを熱処理してポリオレフィン微多孔膜を得る工程
を含むポリオレフィン微多孔膜の製造方法。 - (c)工程における隣り合う縦延伸ロールの周速比が段階的に増大する請求項8に記載のポリオレフィン微多孔膜の製造方法。
- 請求項8又は請求項9に記載のポリオレフィン微多孔膜の製造方法に、さらに、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を搬送速度が50m/分以上で巻き芯に巻き上げる工程を含むポリオレフィン微多孔膜捲回体の製造方法。
- 請求項8又は請求項9に記載のポリオレフィン微多孔膜の製造方法に、さらに、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の少なくとも片面に、水溶性樹脂または水分散性樹脂と、耐熱性粒子を含む塗工液を振れ精度が10μm/Φ100mm以下の塗工ロールを用いたロールコート法で塗工し、乾燥する工程を含む電池用セパレータの製造方法。
- 塗工ロールがグラビアロールである請求項11に記載の電池用セパレータの製造方法。
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| PL15866428.4T PL3231837T3 (pl) | 2014-12-11 | 2015-11-05 | Mikroporowata folia poliolefinowa, separator do baterii i sposoby ich wytwarzania |
| US15/531,807 US10784482B2 (en) | 2014-12-11 | 2015-11-05 | Microporous polyolefin film, separator for battery, and production processes therefor |
| EP15866428.4A EP3231837B1 (en) | 2014-12-11 | 2015-11-05 | Microporous polyolefin film, separator for battery, and production processes therefor |
| CN201580067468.5A CN107207761B (zh) | 2014-12-11 | 2015-11-05 | 聚烯烃微多孔膜、电池用隔膜及它们的制造方法 |
| JP2016506401A JP5914790B1 (ja) | 2014-12-11 | 2015-11-05 | ポリオレフィン微多孔膜、電池用セパレータおよびそれらの製造方法 |
| US16/890,185 US20200303705A1 (en) | 2014-12-11 | 2020-06-02 | Microporous polyolefin film, separator for battery, and production processes therefor |
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| US16/890,185 Division US20200303705A1 (en) | 2014-12-11 | 2020-06-02 | Microporous polyolefin film, separator for battery, and production processes therefor |
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| MY (1) | MY176100A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2016092993A1 (ja) |
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| WO2017094486A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-04 | 2017-06-08 | 東レ株式会社 | 電池用セパレータおよびその製造方法 |
| WO2017110306A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-24 | 2017-06-29 | 東レ株式会社 | ポリオレフィン微多孔膜、電池用セパレータおよびそれらの製造方法 |
| JPWO2017018483A1 (ja) * | 2015-07-29 | 2018-05-31 | 東レ株式会社 | 電池用セパレータおよびその製造方法 |
| CN109422890A (zh) * | 2017-08-25 | 2019-03-05 | 北京师范大学 | 一种复合聚丙烯微孔膜及其制备方法和用途 |
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| PL3181622T3 (pl) * | 2014-08-12 | 2021-06-14 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Mikroporowata membrana poliolefinowa i sposób jej wytwarzania, separator do baterii wtórnej z niewodnym elektrolitem i bateria wtórna z niewodnym elektrolitem |
| PL3222656T3 (pl) * | 2014-11-18 | 2020-03-31 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Mikroporowata folia poliolefinowa, separator do baterii i sposoby ich wytwarzania |
| TWI770003B (zh) * | 2016-04-27 | 2022-07-11 | 日商東麗股份有限公司 | 聚烯烴微多孔膜及其製造方法以及電池用隔膜及其製造方法 |
| CN107812788A (zh) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-03-20 | 中航锂电技术研究院有限公司 | 一种金属箔轧制系统 |
| KR102593771B1 (ko) * | 2021-09-06 | 2023-10-24 | 주식회사 한화 | 이차전지용 프라이머 코팅장치와 프라이머 코팅용 챔버 |
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- 2015-11-05 US US15/531,807 patent/US10784482B2/en active Active
- 2015-11-05 EP EP15866428.4A patent/EP3231837B1/en active Active
- 2015-11-05 KR KR1020177011993A patent/KR102166652B1/ko active Active
- 2015-11-05 MY MYPI2017702078A patent/MY176100A/en unknown
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPWO2017018483A1 (ja) * | 2015-07-29 | 2018-05-31 | 東レ株式会社 | 電池用セパレータおよびその製造方法 |
| WO2017094486A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-04 | 2017-06-08 | 東レ株式会社 | 電池用セパレータおよびその製造方法 |
| JPWO2017094486A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-04 | 2018-09-27 | 東レ株式会社 | 電池用セパレータおよびその製造方法 |
| US10770707B2 (en) | 2015-12-04 | 2020-09-08 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Battery separator and method of manufacturing same |
| WO2017110306A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-24 | 2017-06-29 | 東レ株式会社 | ポリオレフィン微多孔膜、電池用セパレータおよびそれらの製造方法 |
| JPWO2017110306A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-24 | 2018-10-11 | 東レ株式会社 | ポリオレフィン微多孔膜、電池用セパレータおよびそれらの製造方法 |
| US20190190037A1 (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2019-06-20 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Polyolefin microporous membrane, battery separator and production method |
| US10978721B2 (en) | 2015-12-24 | 2021-04-13 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Polyolefin microporous membrane, battery separator and production method |
| CN109422890A (zh) * | 2017-08-25 | 2019-03-05 | 北京师范大学 | 一种复合聚丙烯微孔膜及其制备方法和用途 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20170317328A1 (en) | 2017-11-02 |
| EP3231837A4 (en) | 2018-07-11 |
| CN107207761B (zh) | 2021-01-08 |
| KR102166652B1 (ko) | 2020-10-16 |
| MY176100A (en) | 2020-07-24 |
| EP3231837A1 (en) | 2017-10-18 |
| CN107207761A (zh) | 2017-09-26 |
| EP3231837B1 (en) | 2022-08-24 |
| US10784482B2 (en) | 2020-09-22 |
| US20200303705A1 (en) | 2020-09-24 |
| HUE060294T2 (hu) | 2023-02-28 |
| KR20170093789A (ko) | 2017-08-16 |
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