WO2016084041A1 - Smart parking lot management system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a smart parking lot management system (200; 300) characterized in that it includes: - a central computer site (161) for processing and managing parking lots; - a set of smart user terminals (111; 121; 122), connected by a data transmission network to the central site (161), and - a set of parking lot processing and monitoring devices (131), including processing and monitoring terminals (131) and connected by a data transmission network to the central site (161). Said system is also characterized by: - secure transaction means for reserving parking spaces in the lots via remote communication between the user terminals (111; 121; 122) and the central site (161); - means for periodically identifying and detecting the presence of vehicles at the devices for processing and monitoring each lot; - means for time-monitoring the parking of the vehicles that have a reservation and are parked in the lots; - means for detecting and identifying vehicles illegally parked in the lots; and - means for detecting the parking spaces that have been freed up in the lots.

Description

 title

 Intelligent parking lot management system

Field of the invention

 The present invention generally relates to a smart management system of open or closed parking parks, with reservable places.

Background of the invention

 Currently, a user who wishes to park his vehicle in a parking lot has the choice between paying parking fees when he picks up his vehicle and leaves the parking lot, or in advance. The first case is often used by closed parking lots while the second case is widely used by those who are open.

 In addition, the management of motor vehicle parking lots is proving to be expensive for the managers of these parking lots. Indeed, it is necessary to have personnel and computer equipment to control the parking period and to check whether the parking fees have been paid or not. It is also necessary to manage the parking spaces in order to allow people wishing to park their vehicles to know soon enough if there is still space available in any parking lot. On the other hand, the intelligent management of parking lots gives a practical and ecological service that frees the constraints of parking. For example, the burning of oil and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by vehicles decrease with the distances to be traveled by car to find free parking places. Drivers who know early on the availability of free parking spaces contribute to significant ecological progress, as drivers spend a significant portion of their time driving by car at random to search for free parking spaces.

There are currently deposit systems that are commonly used in parking lots, implementing pay-as-you-go mechanisms installed nearby to reserve a parking space and to pay parking fees. In addition, parking managers are well often face reservation problems. Indeed, the person must be on site to reserve and ensure a parking space. This contributes to the congestion of the urban traffic; cars that search for a seat sometimes represent a quarter of the car traffic. For example, we do not often arrive on time because of the impossibility of finding a parking space ready for the place of our appointment.

 The management of parking spaces is relatively easy in closed parking lots. In fact, all that is required is the installation of a treatment and control terminal and a control barrier allowing vehicles that have returned parking spaces to access the closed parking lot. Management of free places will be done by reducing the number of existing parking spaces in the parking lot by the number of reservations made. The number of spaces available in the closed car parks will be incremented by one each time a vehicle leaves the car park.

 The detection of the vehicle can be carried out by passing the vehicle in the vicinity of a processing and control terminal by collecting data and information contained in the electronic tags, the electronic circuits or the sensors and transmitting the collected data and data. information to this central processing and management site through the network.

 Vehicle detection can also be accomplished by transmitting the vehicle location data and information from the location or navigation system on the vehicle to the central processing and management site across the network. The geolocation or navigation system placed on the vehicle repeats the transmission of data and information on the positioning of the vehicle by a regular time interval controlled by the central processing and management site.

By way of non-limiting example, the geolocation or navigation system placed on the vehicle repeats the transmission every minute.

 It will be difficult to manage the open car parks because there are several entrances and exits with the difficulty of installing terminals for processing and control.

There are several solutions that allow users using a mobile phone or website to view in real time the places that are available in a parking lot. Other solutions for reserving online parking spaces in closed places in which the parking spaces are marked by a sensor or by a light indicating that the parking space is already reserved.

 Already known from WO1993001567A1 a smart parking management system for guiding the user to a free parking space. This system defines a video control to prevent fraud. Document US20120299749A1 discloses another management system for receiving, via a network, the location associated with a user and identifying one or more parking lots that currently have free parking spaces. Document US20130176147A1 discloses another management system making it possible to locate the free places in parking lots with the possibility of predicting the arrival time of the vehicle at the parking lot chosen with a certain reliability. Furthermore, we also know the difficulties encountered in managing the parking spaces already reserved and the additional cost to install sensors and systems to mark the places already reserved for vehicles that have not yet parked.

 However, these methods must use a wireless sensor network system and install a sensor in the parking spaces in order to be able to detect free parking spaces. The sensor networks require the establishment of a maintenance and maintenance system, which makes these processes expensive and therefore limits their application.

Most modern vehicles are equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation and positioning systems and multiple electronic sensors and tags. Vehicles are generally equipped with mobile and wireless communications and can be tracked continuously and in real time using GPS vehicle location systems. Summary of the invention An object of the invention is to provide a smart parking management system, which is more efficient, more environmentally friendly and less expensive than the processes of the prior art.

 For this purpose, the subject of the invention is an intelligent parking lot management system, characterized in that it comprises a central computer site for processing and managing parks, a set of intelligent user terminals connected by transmission network. central site and a set of processing and control equipment of parks comprising processing and control terminals and connected by data transmission network with the central site, and characterized in that it further comprises :

 secure transactional means for reserving parking spaces in the parks by remote communication between user terminals and the central site,

 means for identifying and periodically detecting the presence of vehicles at the level of the treatment and control equipment of each park,

 - means of temporal control of parking of the vehicles benefiting from a reservation and stationed in the parks,

 means for detecting and identifying vehicles illegally parked in the parks, and

 means for detecting parking spaces released in the parks.

Some preferred but non-limiting aspects of this system include the following additional features, taken individually or in any technically compatible combination:

 the transactional reservation means comprise means for authenticating users by the central site, for verifying whether or not a user has the authority to make a reservation, and means for communicating to the central site identifiers of vehicles. parking, desired dates and times of arrival for the identified vehicles, and desired parking times for the identified vehicles.

the transactional reservation means are able to communicate to the central site the geographical coordinates of the vehicles or user terminals on board the vehicles. * Transactional booking means are able to verify the pre-existence of a reservation for a given identified vehicle in the same parking lot and at a date and time corresponding to the current reservation.

 the transactional reservation means are able to communicate to a user terminal a list of parking lots closest to the geographical coordinates indicated.

 * said list of parks is transmitted in the case where the data of the central system (161) determine that a parking lot designated in a reservation transaction will be complete at the date and time requested during said reservation transaction .

 the transactional reservation means are able to transmit to a user terminal during a reservation transaction a list of free places of parking in at least one parking lot selected by the user or detected as being close to the location of the parking space. vehicle.

 the transactional reservation means are able to transmit to the central site from a user terminal a free place identification selected by the user in said list.

 * the transactional means of reservation are able to implement a reservation payment.

 the transactional reservation means are able to transmit to a user terminal route information to a reserved parking space during a reservation transaction.

 the vehicle detection means comprise means for wireless reading of user identification data and / or vehicles at the processing and control terminals and means for transmitting said identification data of said terminals to the terminal. central site.

 the temporal control means are able to measure a delay of the arrival of a vehicle with respect to a date and time of arrival indicated by the user during a reservation transaction, and to report a violation to a user terminal associated with said vehicle when said delay exceeds a maximum allowed delay.

the time control means are able to bring the reservation into a canceled state when said delay exceeds the maximum authorized delay. the time control means are able to neutralize the delay detection in response to the reception from a user terminal of a cancellation of the associated reservation.

 the time control means are able to measure a time elapsed from the desired date and time communicated to the central site during a reservation transaction and to interrupt the measurement either when the central site receives a request for cancellation of the reservation, ie when the periodic detection means no longer detect the presence in the associated park of the vehicle for which the reservation has been made.

 the system further comprises means for managing reservation extension requests, said means being able to refuse an extension request if the periodic detection means no longer detect the presence in the associated park of the vehicle for which the reservation in question Has been done.

 the means for detecting and identifying illegally parked vehicles operate from presence data generated by the means for detecting the presence of the vehicles and image data taken in the parking lot.

 the system further comprises means for measuring the presence time in a park of a vehicle for which no reservation is active, and means for prohibiting a reservation for the vehicle in question when the measured presence time becomes greater than at a threshold.

 the system further comprises means for signaling an infraction when the measured presence time is greater than said threshold.

 * the system further comprises means for identifying vehicles present in the park but whose reservation period has expired.

 * The system also includes means of signaling an offense for vehicles identified as present in the park but whose reservation period has expired.

the time control means are able to communicate to a user terminal information indicating the approach of the expiry of the reservation period for the associated vehicle. the transactional reservation means are able to extend the reservation duration and to modify the measurement of the elapsed time from the desired date and time.

 * The transactional means are able to check the future availability of the place before accepting the extension of the reservation period.

 the means for detecting the release of the parking spaces operate from the vehicle presence data established by the periodic presence detection means and are able to identify any reserved parking space for an undetected vehicle during the detection of current presence but detected during the previous presence detection,

 the means for detecting the release of the parking spaces furthermore comprise means for assigning compensation to the user of the vehicle in response to an indication, provided by the associated user terminal, of no return in the released place.

 the illegal parking detection and identification means comprise means for signaling to the central site from a user terminal that a reserved parking space for the vehicle of said user is illegally occupied by another vehicle, means for transmitting from the user terminal to the central site a proof of illegal occupation of the reserved parking space, and means provided at the central site to locate another available parking space for the vehicle for which the illegally occupied place was reserved, and to communicate to the user terminal the identification of said available space.

 the means for detecting and identifying illegal parking are able to attribute compensation to the user.

 the illegal parking detection and identification means comprise means for performing a vehicle identification by image processing on proofs consisting of a fixed and / or animated image (s).

 at least some of the images are transmitted from the user terminal, the latter being provided with image capture means.

* said images contain both the license plate of the illegally parked vehicle and an identification of the illegally occupied place. the illegal parking detection and identification means are able to verify the authenticity of the images received from the user terminals.

 the system further comprises means for neutralizing all or part of the temporary parking control means for pay-out parking lots.

 According to a second aspect, a user terminal for a parking system as defined above is proposed, characterized in that it comprises means for establishing a secure transaction with a central computer site for processing and managing parks and for transmitting at the central site during this transaction parking space reservation data including a vehicle identification, a date and time of commencement of reservation and a reservation duration.

 Certain preferred but nonlimiting aspects of this terminal include the following additional features, taken individually or in any technically compatible combination:

 location reservation data also includes location data of the vehicle.

 the terminal further comprises means for transmitting to the central site information for selecting a certain parking lot from a list of parking lots received from the central site.

 the terminal further comprises means for transmitting to the central site information for selecting a certain parking space among a list of parking spaces received from the central site.

 the terminal furthermore comprises secure transactional means for making a payment of the reservation.

 the terminal further comprises means for transmitting to the central site proof data of the illegal occupation of a reserved parking space.

 Finally, a computer program adapted to be executed on a user terminal is proposed for constituting the means as defined above. Brief description of the drawings

Embodiments of the invention will now be described in a more precise but nonlimiting manner with reference to the appended drawings, in which: - Figure 1 is a block diagram illustrating the structure and operation of a parking management system according to the invention;

 FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the operation of the intelligent parking lot management method according to the first embodiment of the invention;

 - Figure 3 is a block diagram illustrating the operation of the smart parking management method according to the second embodiment of the invention;

 FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating how a reservation request for parking spaces can be made by a user of a personal account according to the invention;

 Figure 5 is a block diagram illustrating an interface for registering vehicles and managing user accounts;

 Figure 6 is a block diagram illustrating how a reservation request for parking spaces may be made by a user of a third party account according to the invention; and

 - Figure 7 is a block diagram illustrating how a parking reservation request can be made on site by a user according to the invention.

Detailed Description of a Preferred Embodiment

 In the context of the invention, the term "vehicle" must be understood in the most general sense. It refers to a car, a motorcycle, or any other means of ground transportation. It is equipped with at least one identification means which is provided with at least one communication interface, for example, wired, mobile or radio.

 In the context of the invention, the terms "electronic labels" and "electronic circuits" have a very broad meaning. By way of example, they may represent a type known in the field of radio frequency identification (known by the acronym RFID for Radio Frequency IDentification). They are provided with at least one interface of communication.

In the context of the invention, the term "terminal processing and control" must be understood in the broad sense. For example, it can contain several varieties of data and information readers and multiple functions such as a surveillance camera with the ability to perform image processing, barrier, payment terminal, ID card reader and labels and electronic circuits . It is equipped with wired, mobile or wireless communication means.

 In the context of the invention, the term "terminal" has a very broad meaning. Indeed, it may designate a computer or a mobile communication terminal such as a mobile phone, a personal assistant, a smart card-type computer device or a USB port or MMC card. It is provided with at least one communication interface.

 In the context of the invention, the term "software application" should be understood in the broad sense. By way of example, it may represent corresponding computer programs comprising code instructions which, when these programs are executed, allow the implementation of the steps of the method. Of course, other embodiments can still be envisaged.

In the context of the invention, the term "means of identification" or "identifier" has a very broad meaning. By way of non-limiting example, it may designate a sensor or an electronic tag. It is provided with at least one communication interface.

 In the context of the invention, the term "navigation" must be considered in a broad sense. By way of non-limiting example, it may represent a system which calculates the distance separating the vehicle from a final destination, and not only a navigation system conforming to a conventional definition, that is to say a positioning system. and calculating routes. As a non-limiting example, it can represent a system that proposes distances to destination depending on the day, the time slot and mileage.

Finally, and in the context of the invention, the term "network" also has a very broad meaning in the context of the invention. It may refer to private enterprise or similar networks, Internet networks, wireless and mobile networks, local networks and extranets. By way of non-limiting example, the network may represent a set of networks, routers, base stations, wireless access points and gateways that use transmission and communication protocols, for example transmission protocols. Control Protocol and Internet Protocol (TCP / IP). It should be noted that in the remainder of the description, the terms "client" and "client terminal" as well as the terms "server" and "server terminal" have the same meaning. It should be noted that in the rest of the description, the term "processing and control terminal" is considered to be a server terminal or a terminal connected to the server through an information transmission network 151 and comprising a set of process steps dedicated to the server, a set of means park parking system, and a computer program allow the implementation of a set of process steps.

 Figure 1 illustrates a generic case of a network of data processing systems, in which different types of computer systems 121; 1 1 1; 162; 181; 171 may be used: by way of non-limiting example, computers, mobile phones and tablets. A computer system can be integrated into the vehicle 1 1 1.

 The computer systems are provided with at least one communication interface and a software application 122 making it possible to process data and information related to the management of parking lots. The computer systems of the vehicles and / or the vehicles are equipped with GPS navigation and positioning systems 1 12.

 A communication network 151 is used to provide wired or wireless communications links, as appropriate, between the computer systems.

 Parking processing and control terminals 131 associated with the car parks communicate with the other computer systems using wired or wireless communications links, as appropriate. The processing and control kiosks collect the data and information from the vehicles 1 1 1 and transmit them to a central site 161 for processing and managing the car parks through the network 151 and, if applicable, the base stations 141. The central processing and management site includes at least one database 163 for storing, updating and retrieving all the data and information related to said car parks.

A processing and control terminal 131 allows each user who has not made a reservation remotely or online to make this reservation on site. By way of non-limiting example, each processing and control terminal 131 may include means to display the available spaces in the associated parking lot to allow the user to choose his parking space and to indicate the identifier of his vehicle.

 By way of non-limiting example, each processing and control terminal 131 has a touch screen allowing the user to make a reservation of one or more parking spaces. Places displayed on the touch screen are free places and available at the reservation.

 Each place displayed has an identifier or a reference (for example a combination of letters and numbers) allowing the user to move towards the location of the reserved parking space. It is possible to make a reservation of one or more parking spaces without displaying them. In this case, it is sufficient to indicate to the processing and control terminal 131 the information necessary for the reservation. By way of non-limiting example, the information may contain the duration of the parking and the vehicle identifier.

 It is also possible not to indicate the vehicle identifier and to make the reservation by indicating for example the duration of the parking. In this case, the reference of the reservation can be used by any vehicle. It is sufficient for the user of said vehicle to indicate the reference of the reservation to the processing and control terminal 131 or the central processing and management site 161. The user can use the software application or the web browser installed on his computer system to indicate the reference of his reservation and the identifier of his vehicle. During the on-site reservation stage, the user can be identified by indicating to the processing and control terminal 131 the identifier of his vehicle or his account. By way of non-limiting example, the user can indicate as information the number of the license plate of the vehicle or the mobile number recorded during the creation of his personal account.

The central processing and management site comprises at least one server 162 intended to execute a dedicated software application. The server is provided with a means of communication with the computer systems and with the database. The software application may include a web browser, e-mail, or other software applications that can receive, process and send data and vehicle location information, or any other type of information to be processed. Associated software applications are installed on the computer systems intended to communicate with the central site 161. The GPS location makes it possible to locate the vehicles and to obtain data, information and geographical coordinates necessary to enable said central site of processing and management to identify free places in parking lots near the vehicle.

 The central processing and management site communicates through the network with software applications or web browsers installed on the computer systems of said users or said vehicles to transmit and exchange data and information related, among others, to the location and reservation of free parking spaces.

 By way of non-limiting example, the central processing and management site transmits to said user information on the means of payment of parking fees or to confirm the reservation of parking spaces by sending the references of the reserved parking spaces. By way of non-limiting example, the central processing and management site can accept the payment of reservation fees for parking spaces using prepaid cards, bank cards or any other means of payment.

Figure 2 shows a diagram of an example of an area of a closed parking lot 200, as a non-limiting example a parking lot in a shopping center. The parking lot has six parking spaces PI to P6. The parking space P6 is exclusively reserved for the disabled, while the parking space P5 is exclusively reserved for deliveries. The vehicle 1 1 1 is provided with one or more sensors 1 13, a GPS system 1 12, one or more electronic tags 1 14, at least one communication interface and a software application 122 The vehicle V4 is not equipped with a software application 122. The treatment and control terminal 131 located at the entrance / exit of the park makes it possible to indicate whether there are still free parking spaces in the parking lot. parking using display means, as a non-limiting example of billboards displaying the number of free places in the park. Terminal 131 controls one or more control barriers 212 to allow access to said parking lot. The vehicle 1 1 1 has previously used the software application to reserve a parking space in the park 200, while the vehicle V4 arrived on the spot without any reservation.

 It is possible that the information displayed on the display means of terminal 131 indicates that there are no parking spaces left. This means that the V4 vehicle does not have the possibility to park in the closed parking lot and terminal 131 will not give the possibility of opening the control barrier for the V4 vehicle. However, terminal 131 must open the control barrier for the vehicle 1 1 1 having reserved a parking space in advance, regardless of the information displayed on the display panel.

 Whenever a vehicle leaves the closed parking lot, the processing and control terminal 131 communicates with the central processing and management site to update the database.

 The V4 vehicle can park in the parking lot if there are still free parking spaces and a reservation is made on site. It is possible to reserve the parking space online by the driver of the vehicle V4 using a terminal equipped with a means of communication. The vehicle V4 shows the reference of the reservation to the processing and control terminal to authorize access to said parking lot. The vehicle V4 will be detected by the terminal 131, which will allow said central processing and management site to check if the identifier of the vehicle detected is the same as that given by the user during the reservation of the parking space. If the two identifiers are different, the detected vehicle is not allowed to park and terminal 131 will not open the control barrier for the vehicle.

 Figure 3 shows a diagram of an example of an open parking lot 300, as a non-limiting example parking spaces in streets or in front of buildings and municipal parking lots. The parking lot has twelve parking spaces PI to P12. The P6 parking space is exclusively reserved for disabled people, the P5 parking space is reserved exclusively for deliveries, and the parking spaces P10 to P12 are exclusively reserved for two-wheeled vehicles.

Each parking space is identified by a reference or number. References and numbers are indicated for example on the pitches parked so that they are not hidden when any vehicle is parked there.

 The vehicles VI, V3, V4, V5, V6, January 1 are all provided with sensors 1 13, electronic tags 1 14 and at least one wireless communication interface. In addition, the vehicle 1 1 1 is equipped with a GPS system 1 12 and a software application 122. The vehicles VI and V3 are already parked respectively on their parking spaces PI and P8 and the vehicle V6 is parked on the P3 parking spot without having paid the booking fee or without making a reservation in advance. The V4 vehicle can not park on any parking space if there are no free places in the park; this will be indicated by the processing and control terminal 131 and by the software application 122 installed on the computer system of the user.

 In the case where there are still free parking places in the 300 park, the vehicle V4 must pay the parking fee to obtain a reservation reference that will be presented by the vehicle V4 at the terminal 131 to allow access to said park of parking. The identifier collected by the terminal 131 when it has detected the vehicle V4 and the reservation reference presented by the vehicle V4 will be sent to the central processing and management site to update the database.

 Each reservation of the parking space is performed at the central processing and management site 161. Once on site, the vehicle 1 1 1 will park in the parking space P3 reserved for him beforehand. If the vehicle V6 parked in the parking space reserved for the vehicle 1 1 1, the vehicle 1 1 1 informs, through the software application or by any other means, the central site 161 to find another place of parking for the vehicle 1 1 1. The vehicle 1 1 1 may, where appropriate, send proof that the vehicle V6 is parked in the parking space reserved for said vehicle 1 1 1 and the central site 161 may draw up minutes ( fine) for the V6 vehicle.

By way of non-limiting example, the vehicle 1 1 1 can send as proof a photo showing the number of the parking space reserved for said vehicle 1 1 1 and the license plate of the vehicle V6 parked on this place. The central site 161 must check whether the parking space is reserved for the vehicle 1 1 1 before the possibility of drawing up a report (fine) or a parking infraction notice. for the V6 vehicle. It is possible for the central site 161 to use other means to check the evidence sent by the vehicle 1 1 1. As a non-limiting example, the site 161 can install surveillance cameras to film the parking areas the park in real time or to take pictures periodically (for example every minute) with the ability to perform image recognition processing to detect whether another vehicle is parked in the parking space reserved for said vehicle 1 1 1 and if not, to draw up a report (fine) for the vehicle 1 1 1 if it sent falsified or incorrect proof.

 By way of non-limiting example, it is possible to use the license plate number of the vehicle V6 sent as evidence to said central site 161 from the vehicle 1 1 1 in order to check if the vehicle V6 is parked in the parking lot. parking. For this purpose, the central site 161 interrogates the database to check whether the vehicle having the number of the license plate sent from the vehicle 11 1 was detected by the processing and control terminal 131 and if a Parking reservation has already been made for this vehicle. If the vehicle with the license plate number sent from the vehicle 1 1 1 was not detected by the processing and control terminal 131, the central site 161 may draw up a report (fine) for the vehicle 1 1 1.

The processing and control terminal 131 makes it possible to indicate whether there remain free places of each type in the parking lot 300 by using display means, such as by way of non-limiting example of the display panels. Whenever a vehicle leaves the closed parking lot, the processing and control terminal communicates with the central processing and management site to update the database and the number of available parking spaces of the type concerned. from the parking place. The V4 vehicle may park in the parking lot if there are free parking spaces adapted to the type of vehicle V4 and if a reservation has been made on site. It is possible to reserve the parking space online by the vehicle V4 using a terminal equipped with a means of communication arriving at the site. The V4 vehicle shows the reference of the reservation to the processing and control terminal to allow access to the park. A reference or parking space identifier, composed of numbers and / or letters, is written on the floor of each parking space. This reference may be written in the vicinity of the parking lot limits so as to be visible even when there is a vehicle parked on it, in order to show the reference of the parking space in the proof to be sent by a vehicle having booked this place but found it taken by another vehicle. For example, if the vehicle 1 1 1 has made a reservation of the parking space with the reference P3, the vehicle 1 1 1 will have the possibility of showing the reference P3 in the proof (such as a photograph). By a conventional image analysis technique, the central site 161 is able to reconstruct from the photograph.

 Figure 4 schematically shows the progress of a parking place (s) reservation process by a user using the software application installed on his terminal. In a first step 410, the central processing and management site 161 receives a request associated with any vehicle. This request may include GPS information about the vehicle or individual, such as the geographical position of the vehicle. The request may also provide additional information enabling the central site 161 to determine, for example, whether the vehicle is authorized to park on a parking space for handicapped persons, for compact cars or others, the parking duration requested by the user, etc. . Personal and static information may already have been provided by the user during a prior step of creating an account and registering the vehicle, as will be described later with reference to Figure 5.

It should be noted here that the central processing and management site 161 processes the request based on the current position of the vehicle, unless the user indicates another position. In step 420, the central site 161 consults the database 163 to determine if there are free parking spaces and satisfying the constraints of the vehicle and if the vehicle does not already have a reservation. By way of non-limiting example, the constraints may include the type of the vehicle. If there is no free space remaining, this is notified to the user at step 430. If there is at least one free space, processing proceeds to step 440 where the software application installed on the terminal directs the user to the location of the parking lot. The user can also receive during the transaction a list of parking lots, which allows the user to choose a parking lot adapted to his needs. By way of non-limiting example, the user can receive a list of parking lots with the distance between the position of the vehicle and the various parking lots or a list of parking lots at a reduced price. After having chosen the parking lot, the reference of the parking space located in the selected parking lot is sent to the user via the software application or by another means of communication such as for example a web browser or short messages textual such as SMS. This reference can then help the user to locate his vehicle parked in this parking space. Indeed, the reference of the parking space represents a geographical position.

 In addition, the terminals 131 of treatment and control can track the vehicle. Indeed, the processing and control terminals detect each nearby vehicle and notify the presence of the vehicle at the central site 161. The detection is performed by a variety of means known to those skilled in the art, including video surveillance, access sensors, electronic tags, etc. By way of nonlimiting example, the processing and control terminals 131 may comprise radio antennas for reading electronic tags embedded in the vehicles, such as RFID readers comprising RFID modules for reading existing information in tags. RFID by proximity communication.

It is possible for the vehicle to arrive after the date and time indicated during the reservation phase of the parking space, but with a delay that does not exceed a predefined delay delay allowed. In step 450, the central site 161 starts two stop watches for periods previously defined and known by the user who has made the reservation of a parking space. Site 161 stops the first stopwatch when it exceeds the predefined delay delay allowed. It will be possible for the vehicle to arrive in advance of the date and time reserved, but with a delay that does not exceed a predefined time allowed in advance. As a non-limitative example, if the predefined advance time allowed is half an hour, a reservation at 10:00 will arrive between 9:30 and 10:00. As a non-limitative example, if the predefined delay delay allowed is half an hour, a reservation for 60 minutes at 10 o'clock can arrive between 10 am and 10:30 am and requires the space to be released at 1 hour at the latest. . If the central processing and management site 161 receives from the vehicle a request to cancel the reservation of the parking space (step 451) before the expiry of the first stopwatch, the central processing and management site stops the two chronometers. (step 452) and update the database. At step 460, if the processing and control terminal 131 detects the arrival of the vehicle having reserved the parking space before stopping the first stopwatch, the central site 161 stops the first stopwatch 470. Otherwise, the central site 161 may decide to send the user a ticket (fine) or parking infraction notice 480.

 The second timer stops (expires) when it reaches the duration of the reservation made for the parking space. In step 481, the central site 161 sends a notification to the user's terminal when the value of the second stopwatch is close to the duration of the reservation made for the parking space. By way of non-limiting example, the central processing and management site may send a notification fifteen minutes before the expiry of the second stopwatch. In step 490, the central site stops the second timer after a period representing the sum of the user's parking time and the authorized delay time. By way of non-limiting example, the authorized delay can be for a quarter of an hour. If the central site 161 does not receive any request from the user of the vehicle to extend the reservation of the parking space before the expiry of the second stopwatch, the central site 161 may draw up a report (fine) or a parking infraction notice (step 491) for the user. If the central site 161 receives a request for extension (step 482 of the reservation of the parking space by the user before the expiry of the second stopwatch), the central site adds the duration of the extension to the duration initially carried out (Step 483) and the second timer will stop (expire) when it has reached the sum of the reservation period initially made for the parking space, the duration of the extension and the authorized delay period.

The vehicle having reserved a parking space may vacate this place before the expiry of the second stopwatch. At step 492, the processing and control terminal 131 detects before stopping the second stopwatch that the vehicle having reserved the parking space has left the reserved parking space. In this case, the central processing and management site 161 stops the second stopwatch and the parking space becomes free (step 493). For this purpose, the central site 161 must update the database. The central site 161 may include a loyalty system with increased loyalty points of any user who frees his parking space before the expiry of the second timer. The central site 161 can also increase the loyalty points of any user who sends evidence of unauthorized parking.

 It is noted here that a user can reserve a parking space for a given vehicle for any arrival date and time. As a non-limiting example, the user having an appointment at a given date and time in any location can make a reservation of a parking spot at the earliest to avoid peak reservations. The steps in Figure 4 remain the same except:

 the user must specify in his request sent to the central processing and management site the date and time of arrival, and

 the central processing and management site starts the first stopwatch when the difference between the current date and time and the arrival date and time is equal to the predefined delay delay allowed.

 As a non-limitative example, if the predefined delay delay allowed is five minutes, the central processing and management site must start the first stopwatch 5 minutes before the date and time of arrival of the vehicle.

It is possible for a vehicle having reserved a parking space to arrive before the start of the first stopwatch (step 459). If the reserved parking space for the vehicle is free until the date and time of arrival initially indicated by the user, the central processing and management site notifies the user that he can modify his reservation , also indicating the conditions of change of the reservation. If the reserved parking space is not free between the date and time of detection of the arrival of the vehicle and the date and time of arrival initially indicated by the user, then the central processing site and management can check whether there is a parking space available in the parking lot where the reservation was made or in parking lots near the vehicle position, and notify the vehicle via the software application or by any other means of communication the proposed change (step 458). The user can then accept or refuse the modification of the reservation. If the user accepts the change (step 457), the central site 161 must then cancel the first stopwatch and can trigger the second stopwatch immediately or at the time initially scheduled, after informing the user of the new conditions (step 456). If the user refuses the change, then the vehicle of the user must leave the parking lot in a voluntary departure period which must not exceed the predefined lead time allowed (step 455).

 There are closed parking lots that allow the user to pay parking fees either when he picks up his vehicle and leaves the park, either in advance. In the first case, the second stopwatch is omitted and only the first stopwatch is used by the central processing and management site 161.

 Figure 5 schematically illustrates an example of a user interface showing the process of creating the user account and registering one or more vehicles. In a first step, the user gives personal information such as his name and surname 510 and a phone number 520. A button 530 allows the user to register one or more vehicles. The user gives the number of the license plate of the vehicle 531, the type of the vehicle 532 (for example compact car, etc.). The user specifies in 533 whether the vehicle is used by a disabled person, for a delivery or any other type of service. During this seizure, the central site 161 may ask the users to send documents certifying or justifying the type of vehicle chosen. A button 540 allows the user to recharge his account by specifying the amount in 541 and the payment method in 542 (for example a bank card). The user can also reload his account using a prepaid card in 543.

Figure 6 schematically shows the progress of booking parking spaces using third-party accounts. As a non-limitative example, a third party account may represent an account of suppliers, friends, or professionals wishing to reserve parking spaces for anyone or for individuals. As a non-limitative example, a company may reserve one or more parking spaces for a day or for a fixed period to allow visitors or guests to park their vehicles. In this case, the company may indicate during the booking stage the license plates of visitors 'or guests' vehicles and the date and time of arrival and departure of each vehicle. The company informs each vehicle of the reference of the reservation, the location of the park, the parking space and the date and time of arrival and departure.

 At a first step 610, the central processing and management site 161 receives a request from a third party account. This request may include information on the location desired to reserve parking spaces, on one or more vehicles of the individual, on the location of the parking lot, on the date and time of departure and arrival of each vehicle invited by the third party account manager, on the guest vehicle user's telephone number, etc. The request may also provide additional information enabling the central site 161 to determine, for example, whether there will be guest vehicles for disabled persons, if there are compact guest vehicles, etc., to enable said site. 161 to best manage the parking spaces according to the time of arrival and departure and other characteristics specific to each guest vehicle. During the booking stage, the third party account manager must specify a date and time of arrival and departure for each place to be booked and for each guest vehicle. However, the date and time of arrival and departure of each guest vehicle may be indicated later by the account manager, but before detection of the guest vehicle by one of the terminals 131 installed in the parking lot.

In step 620, the central site 161 consults the database 163 to determine if there are still free parking spaces satisfying the requirements and constraints on the vehicles indicated by the third party account manager. If there are no parking spaces left, or not enough free seats, the central site 161 notifies (step 630) to the manager of the third party account. If not (reservations can be satisfied), processing continues at step 640 where the software application (or web browser) installed on the terminal of the third party account manager displays details of the location of the park. parking. The third party account manager then sends the details to each guest vehicle. By way of non-limiting example, the details sent to said guest vehicle may include the location of the parking space, the reference of the place parking, the date and time of the arrival and departure of the guest vehicle and the predefined delay and

 For each reserved parking spot, a stopwatch is started (step 640) by the central site 161 at the arrival date and time of each guest vehicle and is stopped at the departure time, the dates and times provided for arrival and departure date indicated by the third party account manager during the booking stage or later. If a cancellation of reservation (step 650) of any place is made before the expiry of the stopwatch, the central site 161 stops the stopwatch (step 651) and notifies the cancellation to the manager of the third party account and the users of said vehicles concerned. The third party account manager shall also inform the users of the said guest vehicles of any changes to the parking spaces using an appropriate means of communication.

 In step 660, a guest vehicle is detected upon arrival at the parking lot by a processing and control terminal 131 installed in the park. According to a non-limiting example, if the guest vehicle is detected before a predefined delay in advance authorized, then the guest vehicle must leave the car park in a voluntary departure period which must not exceed the predefined delay delay allowed. Otherwise, the guest vehicle may have a ticket (fine) or a parking infraction notice. The guest vehicle may reserve a parking space for the period between the date and time of its detection by the processing and control terminal 131 and the date and time of arrival as indicated by the third party account manager during the booking stage.

 The guest vehicle can send the parking reference to the central site 161 without necessarily being detected by a processing and control terminal 131, in order to receive or update the information related to the reservation (step 680). By way of non-limiting example, the guest vehicle can use the software application or a web browser to request the central site 161 to send information on the location of the parking space by indicating the reservation reference in his application.

The central processing and management site 161 may allow said guest vehicle to arrive early or to leave late, with a certain delay known to the user. This can be done in collaboration with the third party account manager during the booking. As a non-limitative example, if the predefined delay in advance or delay allowed is half an hour, a reservation of 60 minutes to 10h can arrive between 9:30 and 10:30 and leave the hotel. location at 1:30 pm at the latest. Once detected, the guest vehicle must send the parking reference to terminal 131 within a time frame that must not exceed the predefined delay time allowed.

 In step 670, the central site 161 checks whether the parking space having the reference provided by the detected vehicle is free or occupied and whether the guest vehicle has a reservation on the date and time of detection for the parking space. . The date and time of the reservation of the guest vehicle were indicated by the third party account manager during the reservation of the place. If the parking space is occupied by another vehicle, the central site 161 and the detected vehicle will have to repeat the steps described with reference to FIG. 3. In particular, the central site 161 may implement at step 671 the search. other free parking spaces in the same parking lot or in the adjacent parking lots. If the parking space is free, the central site 161 (step 672) authorizes the guest vehicle to park, updates the database and manages the stopwatch as described with reference to FIG. 4.

 In step 690, the central site 161 checks whether the value of the stopwatch is close to the reservation time made by the third party account manager for the guest vehicle. By way of non-limiting example, the central site 161 may send a notification fifteen minutes before the timer expires. If the processing and control terminal 131 detects that the vehicle has left the parking space before the stopwatch stops, the central site 161 stops the timer and updates the database. In particular, the central site 161 marks the parking space as an available space (step 692) and the third party account manager can then modify the schedules of the reservation made for the parking space.

If the value of the stopwatch is close to the reservation duration made, the central site 161 continues with step 691 to send a reminder to said guest vehicle and to the third party account manager. If the central site 161 receives a request from the third-party account manager or the vehicle user for an extension (step 693) of the use of the reserved parking space for said guest vehicle, the central site proceeds to step 694 and update the database with the duration of the extension more than the duration originally performed as described in Figure 4. The request for extension must be made before the expiry of the timer and during the authorized delay period. Otherwise, the central site 161 may draw up a report (fine) or a parking infraction notice as described with reference to Figure 4. The extension requested by a user of the guest vehicle will not be possible in one of three following cases:

 - The third party account manager does not want to extend the reservation and the parked guest vehicle in the parking spot is the last vehicle indicated by the third party account manager during the booking stage, or

 another parking space is available in the parking lot and the central site 161 indicates this to the user of the guest vehicle during the step of extending the reservation so that the user can move his vehicle, or

- The third-party account manager agrees to leave room for the guest vehicle requesting an extension after receiving from the central processing and management site the reference of another parking space. The reference will be sent to the users of the said guest vehicles indicated by the third party account manager during the reservation stage and who are expected to arrive after the guest vehicle wishing to extend the parking period.

 Figure 7 schematically illustrates an example of an on-site parking reservation process. At a first step 710, the user arrives at the processing and control terminal 131 to make a reservation of one or more parking spaces. The terminal 131 includes one or more means for said user to indicate the identifier of the vehicle to park and pay the parking fee. As a non-limitative example, terminal 131 can accept payment using bank cards, prepaid cards or cash. Terminal

131 includes means for the user to pay parking fees using a personal or professional account. By way of non-limiting example, the processing and control terminal (131) may comprise a touch screen enabling said user to authenticate using an account identifier and a password and to pay the balance reservation fee. of his account.

The terminal 131 may allow said user to make a reservation of one or more parking spaces without indicating the vehicle identifier. In this In this case, the user will subsequently have to indicate to said central processing and management site the identifier of the vehicle to be parked in the reserved place. By way of non-limiting example, the user will have to indicate the identifier of the vehicle within a period which does not exceed the authorized delay delay predefined by the central processing and management site and known by the user. In the case where an identifier will not be sent by the user, the central processing and management site may draw up a report (fine) or a parking infraction notice. The user who no longer wants to park his vehicle has an interest in canceling the reservation within a period that does not exceed the allowed delay. If the user's vehicle is detected by one of the processing and control terminals of the car park containing the parking space reserved by the user, then the processing and control terminal (131) transmits the information to said central site of the user. processing and management to control the parking time as described with reference to Figure 4.

 When the user wishes to reserve a parking space of the vehicle detected by the processing and control terminal, he must make the reservation in a period that does not exceed the authorized delay period, which is similar to the management of the first stopwatch as described with reference to Figure 4. During the reservation step, the user indicates to the processing and control terminal the identifier of his vehicle or his account. It is possible for anyone to indicate the identifier of any vehicle of another user, which causes problems to the user who has not made the reservation. For this, the user wishing to make a reservation must authenticate with the central processing and management site. As a non-limiting example, the user indicates to the processing and control terminal (131) the login and password of his account or a confirmation code received by an SMS on his mobile phone. The processing and control terminal (131) can display the list of detected vehicles to allow the user to indicate the identifier of his vehicle. By way of non-limiting example, the processing and control terminal (131) can display the license plate numbers of detected vehicles using screen to allow the user to choose the identifier of his vehicle.

At the step 720, the terminal 131 checks if there are places free of. If there is no free space, the terminal 131 indicates to said user 1 1 1, 121, 122 at step 740 that the park parking is complete. If there is at least one free parking space available, processing continues at step 730 where terminal 131 tells the user to authenticate and identify his vehicle. In step 750, the terminal 131 indicates to said user (1 1 1; 121; 122) the authentication mode, possibly dictated by the central site 161. If the user decides to authenticate using his telephone number portable, processing continues at step 770 where the user 1 1 1, 121, 122 indicates his mobile phone number used during the user account creation step. It should be noted here that the user does not send the identifier of his vehicle if the latter has been detected by the processing and control terminal (131). Otherwise, the user must also indicate during step (770) the identifier of his vehicle. Indeed, the user can add one or more vehicles to his account using the same mobile phone number.

 In step 780, the central site 161 sends a confirmation text message to the mobile phone of the user, this message containing as a non-limiting example a confirmation code. In step 790, the central site 161 checks whether the confirmation code entered by the user on his terminal corresponds to the code sent on his mobile phone. If so, processing continues at step 791 where the central site 161 confirms the reservation by the user and indicates the reference of the reservation.

 Note that the user 111, 121, 122 may optionally choose during step 750 another authentication method.

 We will summarize below all the features of the present invention.

 The intelligent parking lot management method may comprise: a step of reserving one or more parking spaces by a user terminal 1 1 1, 121, 122;

 a step of detecting the vehicle 1 1 1 by the central processing and management site 161;

 a step of controlling the parking time of each parking space reserved by the central site 161;

a step of identifying a vehicle parked illegally in a parking lot 200; 300 by a central site 161; a step of detecting the return of a parking space made available to a vehicle 1 1 1 by a processing and control terminal 131; and

 a step of detecting the illegal occupation by a vehicle of a parking space initially reserved for another vehicle 1 1 1;

 More detailed features are:

 The reservation step may include:

 a step of authentication of the user 1 1 1, 121, 122 by the central site 161, said authentication executing an authentication process intended to check whether said user has or not the authority to make a reservation, comprising a step of identifying said vehicles to park as described during the vehicle detection step;

 - a step of transmission of the date and time of arrival, the duration of parking and the geographical coordinates of a vehicle 1 1 1, a user 1 1 1, 121, 122 or a park parking 200; 300 to the central site 161, through a network 151 for transmitting information;

 a step of transmitting a list of parking lots closest to the geographic location indicated by the user 1 1 1, 121, 122, said list is transmitted from the central site 161 to the user 1 1 1, 121 , 122 through an information transmission network 151 when the parking lot indicated or chosen by the user 1 1 1, 121, 122 does not contain any free parking space or when it is close to being complete, each said parking lots of said list comprises a sufficient number of free places of parking and said number is controlled by the central site 161;

 a step of transmitting a list of free parking spaces located in a parking lot 200; 300 indicated or selected by the user 1 1 1, 121, 122 of the central site 161 to the user terminal 1 1 1, 121, 122 through an information transmission network 151 when said parking lot 200; 300 indicated or chosen by the user 1 1 1, 121, 122 contains a sufficient number of free places of parking, said number is controlled by the central site 161;

a step of selecting by the user one or more parking places from the list sent during the step of transmitting a list of free parking places or during the step of transmitting a list of parks of parking, said selection comprising a step of transmitting said one or more parking spaces chosen by the user 1 1 1, 121, 122 of said user to said central site 161 through a network 151 for transmitting information;

 a step of transmitting the identifier of the vehicle or vehicles to be parked by the user 1 1 1; 121; 122 to the central site 161 through a network 151 for transmitting information;

 - A step of payment of parking reservation fees by the user 1 1 1, 121, 122, including debit instructions of an account of said user;

 a step of transmitting the reference of each reserved parking space from the central site 161 to the user 1 1 1, 121, 122 through a network 151 for transmitting information, said reference indicating, among other things, the identifier the parking space reserved for the user 1 1 1, 121, 122; and

 a step of transmitting the variants of routes and navigation of the central site 161 to the user 1 1 1, 121, 122 through an information transmission network 151, said variants of routes and navigation allow said user 1 1 1, 121, 122 to reach the reserved parking space.

 The vehicle detection step may include:

 a step of reading data and information recorded on said identification means 1 13; 1 14 of the user 1 1 1, 121, 122 or its vehicle by a processing and control terminal 131, said data and information include, inter alia, the vehicle identifier of said user 1 1 1, 121, 122 , and said reading is repeated by a regular time interval controlled by the central site 161; and

 a step of transmitting said data and said information from the processing and control terminal 131 to the central site 161 through a network 151 for transmitting information.

 The step of controlling the parking time of each reserved parking space may include:

a step of triggering a first stopwatch for each reserved parking space, the duration of said first stopwatch being controlled by the central site 161, said first stopwatch starting when the difference between the date and the arrival time indicated by the user 111, 121, 122 and the current date and time of the central site 161 is equal to a delay delay authorized and controlled by said central site 161;

 a step of establishing a report, a fine or a parking infraction notice for said vehicle which has a reservation already made for said reserved parking space but which is not detected by said processing and control terminal 131 before the expiration of said first stopwatch of said reserved parking space and which does not have a valid grace period;

 a step of deleting the reservation already made for said parking space by said user 111, 121, 122 of said vehicle;

 a step of stopping the first timer of the reserved parking space when the processing and control terminal 131 which controls said reserved parking space detects the vehicle which has a reservation already made for said reserved parking space before the expiration of said first timer, or when it receives a request to cancel the reservation made for said reserved parking space, including a step for updating the database 163;

 a step of triggering a second stopwatch by each reserved place, the duration of said second stopwatch corresponds to the parking time reserved for the vehicle and said second stopwatch starts at the date and time of arrival as they are indicated by the user 111, 121, 122 during the reservation step; and

 a step of stopping the second stopwatch of the reserved parking space when the central site 161 receives a cancellation request for the reservation made for said reserved parking space or when said processing and control terminal 131 of said parking lot 200; 300 no longer detects for a predetermined period of time said vehicle which has a reservation already made for said reserved parking space, comprising an update of the database 163 and a step of refusing any request for extension by said user of said vehicle the parking time for said reserved parking space.

The step of identifying an illegally parked vehicle may include: a step of characterization by the central site 161 of the data and information collected from vehicles detected during the step of detecting the vehicle and images of a video stream or any other type of stream for the search of elements identifying, among other things, free or occupied parking spaces; and a step of searching for a reservation made for said vehicle detected for the first time by the central site 161,

 a verification step of checking by the central site 161 that a grace period of said detected vehicle has not expired on the date and time of the detection of said vehicle, said vehicle being able to benefit from a valid grace period for one or more parks or parking spaces.

 The method may further include, in an associated manner:

 a step of triggering a timer or initializing a counter representative of the number of detections by the processing and control terminal 131 of said vehicle detected for the first time and which does not have a reservation made, the duration said stopwatch and said counter of said vehicle being controlled by the central site 161, comprising:

 a step of stopping by the processing and control terminal 131 of said stopwatch of said vehicle detected for the first time when a reservation is made for said vehicle or when said stopwatch reaches the duration initially indicated by the central site 161;

 a step of establishing a report, a fine or a parking infraction notice for said vehicle, which can be executed when said detected vehicle does not have a valid grace period and the user does not make a reservation before the expiry of said stopwatch of said detected vehicle; and

 a step of detection by the central site 161 of an overshoot by said counter of said vehicle of a threshold controlled by the central site 161, the central site 161 incrementing said counter every time said vehicle which does not have a reservation made is detected by a processing and control terminal 131;

a step of identification of the vehicle which has an expired reservation and which will be detected after the expiry of a delay period authorized and controlled by the central site 161, including an establishment of a report, a fine or a parking infraction notice to the user who does not have a valid grace period; a step of notification to the user 1 1 1, 121, 122 by the central site 161 when the second stopwatch is close to the reserved parking time;

 - A step of extension or extension of the second stopwatch of a duration corresponds to the duration of extension chosen by the user 1 1 1, 121, 122, with verification that the parking space is free or not for the duration the extension as indicated by said user;

 a step of identification of the vehicle that does not leave the parking lot so that said processing and control terminal 131 detects it during the step of reading data and information recorded on said identification means 13 ; 1 14, with the drawing up of a report, a fine or a parking infraction notice when said vehicle does not have a valid grace period.

 The step of detecting the restitution may include:

 a step of transmitting the data and information collected from vehicles detected during the vehicle detection step; and

 a step of identifying each parking space reserved by a vehicle not detected during the last execution of the vehicle detection step but detected during the previous execution of the vehicle detection step;

 - a verification step of verifying whether said parking space is not reserved by another vehicle and that the user does not indicate whether he returns before the expiry of his reservation to park said vehicle in said parking place; reserved parking; and

 a compensation step for compensating said user 111, 121, 122 which indicates to said central site 161 that he no longer returns before the expiration of his reservation to park said vehicle in said reserved parking space.

 The step of detecting the illegal occupation of a parking space may include:

 - A claim step allowing the user 1 1 1, 121, 122 to inform the central site 161 that the parking space initially reserved by the user is illegally occupied by another vehicle;

a step of transmitting a proof by the user 1 1 1, 121, 122 to the central site 161 showing that the parking space reserved for the vehicle is not free; a step of location by the central site 161 of another parking space for the user 1 1 1, 121, 122, said location comprising compensation of the user and transmission of the central site 161 to the user 1 1 1, 121, 122 of the reference of a new parking space reserved for said vehicle of said user; and

 a step of characterization by the central site 161 of images of a video stream or of any other type of stream for the search of elements making it possible to identify, inter alia, the parking spaces illegally occupied by other vehicles and verify the authenticity of the evidence received from the user.

 The above steps can be implemented in a different execution or execution order. In addition, some steps can be executed in parallel. For example, the user selection step of one or more parking spaces and the step of transmitting the identifier of the vehicle can be executed in parallel or one before the other. Likewise, it is not mandatory to implement or perform all of the above steps and therefore, some steps may be omitted. For example, the step of detecting the illegal occupation of a parking space may be omitted.

 The step of transmitting a user's proof comprising a step of taking a photo or a video stream of said vehicle illegally parked in the parking space initially reserved for said user, said photo and said video stream show among others, the identifier of said illegally parked vehicle and the identifier of the parking space.

 Different variants and improvements are described below.

The parking lot may include one or more parking spaces limited to vehicles authorized to park in the parking spaces reserved exclusively for handicapped persons. These parking spaces are not displayed on the vehicles of non-disabled persons unless otherwise decided by the central processing and management site. The number of parking spaces reserved exclusively for disabled persons may be defined in each parking lot in accordance with the parking law of each country or even of each municipality. The parking lot may include one or more compact parking spaces that may be limited or valid for two-wheeled vehicles or for compact vehicles. These parking spaces are not displayed on other types of vehicles unless otherwise decided by the central processing and management site.

 The parking lot may include one or more parking spaces limited to deliveries. These parking spaces are displayed only for delivery vehicles, unless otherwise decided by the central processing and management site. The number of parking spaces reserved exclusively for deliveries may be defined in each parking lot in accordance with the parking law of each country or even of each municipality.

 Whatever the type of parking space, the treatment and control terminal can display the number of free parking spaces of each type mentioned above.

 It is possible for a vehicle registered as a vehicle used by a disabled person (respectively a vehicle of compact size) to park in parking spaces that are not exclusively reserved for disabled people (respectively compact size vehicles). However, if there are still free places reserved for disabled people (or compact vehicles respectively), the central processing and management site may require the vehicle used by a disabled person (respectively the compact size vehicle). to park in one of the parking spaces reserved exclusively for disabled persons (respectively compact vehicles) by displaying to the user of the vehicle only free parking spaces reserved exclusively for disabled persons

(respectively to compact size vehicles). This will allow the central processing and management site to maximize the number of free parking spaces for vehicles that are not used by people with disabilities and for compact vehicles.

It is possible for the central processing and management site to block a few parking spaces for a given period of time and to make them available to any group of users. By way of non-limiting example, the central site of processing and management block some parking spots for a select few users (eg personalities).

 It is possible for a central processing and management site to mention or display to users or a group of users to take advantage of a few parking spaces. By way of non-limiting example, the central site may offer some parking spaces at reduced prices in parking lots far from being complete if a parking lot chosen by the user or close to the user's geographical location will be soon complete. As a non-limitative example, the central site can increase the reservation rates of available parking spaces in a parking lot that will soon be complete.

 Any user of a vehicle wishing to take advantage of the system described by this invention must create an account to identify themselves and to have access to the system. A software application will be installed on the terminal of the vehicle user. This software application reloads the user's account and gives account information (for example, credit lookup, account status, usage tracking, etc.) and personal options (for example, activation, deactivation or changing the account, etc.). The reloading of accounts can be done using prepaid cards, bank cards or any other type of credit, or in cash. The user can register one or more vehicles of different types in his account. The user can reserve parking spaces without installing the software application on his computer system. In this case, the user can connect to the system described by this invention using other means such as for example a web browser.

 A user can park without reservation in a parking space for a period that does not exceed a predefined period and controlled by the central processing and management site.

A user can go directly to the processing and control terminal to make a reservation of one or more parking spaces. The processing and control terminal includes one or more means for said user to indicate the identifier of the vehicle to park in the parking space and pay the parking fee. As a non-limitative example, the processing and control terminal can accept payment by using cards banking, prepaid cards or cash. The processing and control terminal includes the means enabling said user to pay parking fees by using a personal or professional account. By way of non-limiting example, the treatment and control terminal 131 may comprise a touch screen enabling said user to authenticate using an account identifier and a password and to pay the reservation fee of the balance of his account.

 The processing and control terminal may allow said user to make a reservation of one or more parking spaces without indicating the identifier of the vehicle. In this case, the user will later have to indicate to said central processing and management site the identifier of the vehicle to be parked in the reserved place. By way of non-limiting example, the user will have to indicate the identifier of the vehicle within a period which does not exceed the authorized delay delay predefined by the central site and known by the user. In the case where an identifier will not be sent by the user, the central site may draw up a report (fine) or a parking infraction notice. Users who no longer wish to park their vehicle must cancel the reservation within a time limit that does not exceed the authorized delay period. If the user's vehicle is detected by one of the processing and control terminals of the parking lot containing the parking space reserved by the user, then the processing and control terminal transmits the information to said central site to control the parking time as described with reference to Figure 4.

 User who has already received a ticket (fine) or other parking infraction notice may request a grace period from the central site before receiving another ticket (fine) or other notice of offense parking. The central site may also associate a grace period with the user before the user receives another report, another fine or other parking infraction notice. By way of non-limitative example, when a user who receives a report is granted a grace period of six hours from the date of the edition of the minutes, he will not have to receive another trial. verbal if found illegally parked before the expiry of the grace period granted.

When the user wishes to reserve a parking space for the vehicle detected by the processing and control terminal, he must make the reservation within a period that does not exceed the authorized delay period, which is similar to the management of the vehicle. stopwatch as described in Figure 4. The central site may use a counter instead of a stopwatch. In this case, the processing and control terminal reads the data and the information recorded on the identification means of the vehicle. The processing and control terminal repeats this reading by a regular time interval controlled by the central site. By way of non-limiting example, the processing and control terminal repeats the reading every minute. The central site increments the counter each time the processing and control terminal detects the vehicle that does not have a reservation made or has an expired reservation. By way of non-limiting example, the central site increments the counter by a value of one each time said vehicle which does not have a reservation made is detected by a processing and control terminal or the processing and control terminal .

 During the reservation stage, the user indicates to the processing and control terminal the identifier of his vehicle or his account. It is possible for anyone to indicate the identifier of any vehicle of another user, which causes problems to the user who has not made the reservation. For this, the user wishing to make a reservation must authenticate with the central processing and management site. As a non-limitative example, the user indicates to the processing and control terminal the login and password of his account or a confirmation code received by an SMS (Short Message Service). "Short text message") on his mobile phone. The processing and control terminal can display the list of detected vehicles to allow the user to indicate the identifier of his vehicle. By way of non-limiting example, the processing and control terminal 131 can display the license plate numbers of detected vehicles by using a screen to allow the user to choose the identifier of his vehicle.

 It is possible for any user to have a means of access to a parking lot without making a spontaneous reservation. As a non-limitative example, a user may have a permanent parking space in the parking lot of his apartment and the central site that manages this type of parking may give the user the option to indicate this during the parking phase. the creation of his account or during a phase of updating the user account.

Claims

1. Intelligent parking lot management system (200; 300), characterized in that it comprises a central computer site (161) for processing and managing parks, a set of intelligent user terminals (111; 121; 122). ) connected by a data transmission network with the central site (161) and a set of processing and control equipment (131) of parks comprising processing and control terminals (131) and connected by data transmission network with the central site (161), characterized in that it further comprises:  secure transactional means for reserving parking spaces in the parks by remote communication between user terminals (111; 121; 122) and the central site (161);  means for identifying and periodically detecting the presence of vehicles at the level of the treatment and control equipment of each park,  - means of temporal control of parking of the vehicles benefiting from a reservation and stationed in the parks,  means for detecting and identifying vehicles illegally parked in the parks, and  means for detecting parking spaces released in the parks. The system of claim 1, wherein the transactional reservation means comprises user authentication means (111; 121; 122) by the central site (161), to check whether or not a user has access to the authority to make a reservation, and means for communicating to the central site identifiers of vehicles to be parked, dates and time of arrival desired for the identified vehicles, and desired parking durations for the identified vehicles. 3. System according to claim 2, wherein the transactional reservation means are able to communicate to the central site of the geographical coordinates of vehicles or user terminals on board vehicles. 4. System according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the transactional reservation means are able to verify the pre-existence of a reservation for a given identified vehicle in the same parking lot and at a date and time corresponding to the reservation in question. Classes. 5. System according to claim 3, wherein the transactional reservation means are able to communicate to a user terminal a list of parking lots closest to the geographical coordinates indicated. The system of claim 5, wherein said park list is transmitted in the case where the central system data (161) determines that a designated parking lot in a reservation transaction will be complete by the date and time requested during said reservation transaction. 7. System according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the transactional transaction means are able to transmit to a user terminal during a reservation transaction a list of free parking places in at least one parking lot ( 200; 300) selected by the user or detected as being close to the vehicle location. 8. System according to claim 7, wherein the transactional reservation means are able to transmit to the central site (161) from a user terminal a free place identification selected by the user in said list. 9. System according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the transactional transaction means are able to implement a reservation payment. 10. System according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the transactional reservation means are able to transmit to a user terminal route information to a reserved parking space during a reservation transaction. 11. System according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the vehicle detection means comprise means for wireless reading of user identification data and / or vehicles at the processing and control terminals. (131) and means for transmitting said identification data of said terminals (131) to the central site (161). 12. System according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the time control means are able to measure a delay of the arrival of a vehicle with respect to a date and time of arrival indicated by the user. during a reservation transaction, and to report a violation to a user terminal associated with said vehicle when said delay exceeds a maximum authorized delay. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the time control means are adapted to cause the reservation in a canceled state when said delay exceeds the maximum allowed delay. 14. System according to one of claims 12 and 13, wherein the time control means are adapted to neutralize the delay detection in response to the receipt from a user terminal of a cancellation of the associated reservation. 15. System according to one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the time control means are able to measure a time elapsed from the desired date and time communicated to the central site (161) in a transaction of reservation and to interrupt the measurement either when the central site (161) receives a request for cancellation of the reservation, or when the periodic detection means no longer detect the presence in the associated park of the vehicle for which the reservation has been made. 16. System according to one of claims 1 to 15, further comprising means for managing reservation extension requests, said means being able to refuse a request for extension if the periodic detection means can not detect plus the presence in the associated fleet of the vehicle for which the reservation in question was made. 17. System according to one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the detection means and identification of illegally parked vehicles operate from presence data generated by the vehicle presence detection means and image data. taken in the parking lot. 18. System according to one of claims 1 to 17, further comprising means for measuring the time of presence in a park of a vehicle for which no reservation is active, and means for prohibiting a reservation for the vehicle in question when the measured presence time becomes greater than a threshold. 19. The system of claim 18, further comprising means for signaling an offense when the measured presence time is greater than said threshold. 20. System according to one of claims 1 to 19, further comprising means for identifying vehicles present in the park but whose reservation period has expired. 21. The system of claim 20, further comprising means of signaling an offense for vehicles identified as present in the park but whose reservation period has expired. 22. System according to one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the time control means are adapted to communicate to a user terminal information signaling the approach of the expiration of the reservation period for the associated vehicle. 23. System according to claim 15, wherein the transactional reservation means are able to extend the reservation duration and to modify the measurement of the time elapsed from the desired date and time. 24. System according to claim 23, wherein the transactional means are able to check the future availability of the place before accepting the extension of the reservation period. 25. System according to one of claim 24, wherein the means of detecting the release of parking spaces operate from the vehicle presence data established by the periodic presence detection means and are able to identify any place of reserved parking for a vehicle not detected during current presence detection but detected during the previous presence detection. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein the parking release detection means further comprises means for providing compensation to the vehicle user in response to an indication, provided by the associated user terminal, of non-parking return to the liberated place. 27. System according to one of claims 1 to 26, wherein the means for detecting and identifying illegal parking include means for signaling to the central site (161) from a user terminal that a parking space reserved for the vehicle of said user is illegally occupied by another vehicle, means for transmitting from the user terminal to the central site a proof of illegal occupation of the reserved parking space, and means provided at the central site to locate another parking space available for the vehicle for which the illegally occupied space was reserved, and to communicate to the user terminal the identification of said available space. 28. System according to claim 27, wherein the means for detecting and identifying illegal parking are able to attribute compensation to the user. The system of claim 26 or 27, wherein the illegal parking detection and identification means comprises means for performing a vehicle identification by image processing on proofs consisting of fixed (s) and / or animated image (s). The system of claim 29, wherein at least some of the images are transmitted from the user terminal, the latter being provided with image capturing means. 31. The system of claim 30, wherein said images contain both the license plate of the illegally parked vehicle and an illegally occupied place identification. 32. The system of claim 30 or 31, wherein the means for detecting and identifying illegal parking are able to verify the authenticity of the images received from the user terminals. 33. System according to one of claims 1 to 32, comprising means for neutralizing all or part of the temporal parking control means for out-of-town parking lots. 34. User terminal for a parking system according to one of claims to 33, characterized in that it comprises means for establishing a secure transaction with a central computer site for processing and managing parks and for transmitting to the central site during this transaction parking space reservation data including a vehicle identification, a date and time of commencement of reservation and a reservation duration. The terminal of claim 34, wherein the space reservation data also includes location data of the vehicle. 36. Terminal according to one of claims 34 and 35, further comprising means for transmitting to the central site selection information of a certain parking lot from a list of parking lots received from the central site. 37. Terminal according to one of claims 34 to 36, further comprising means for transmitting to the central site selection information of a certain parking space from a list of parking spaces received from the central site. 38. Terminal according to one of claims 34 to 37, further comprising secure transactional means for making a payment of the reservation. 39. Terminal according to one of claims 34 to 38, further comprising means for transmitting to the central site of evidence of illegal occupation of a reserved parking space. 40. Computer program adapted to be executed on a user terminal to constitute the means according to one of claims 34 to 39.