WO2016068255A1 - 粉体塗料用組成物、粉体塗料および塗装物品 - Google Patents
粉体塗料用組成物、粉体塗料および塗装物品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016068255A1 WO2016068255A1 PCT/JP2015/080605 JP2015080605W WO2016068255A1 WO 2016068255 A1 WO2016068255 A1 WO 2016068255A1 JP 2015080605 W JP2015080605 W JP 2015080605W WO 2016068255 A1 WO2016068255 A1 WO 2016068255A1
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- powder coating
- fluoropolymer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/03—Powdery paints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/24—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D127/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D127/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C09D127/12—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/03—Powdery paints
- C09D5/033—Powdery paints characterised by the additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
- C09D7/62—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic modified by treatment with other compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/66—Additives characterised by particle size
- C09D7/67—Particle size smaller than 100 nm
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/66—Additives characterised by particle size
- C09D7/68—Particle size between 100-1000 nm
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
- B05D1/04—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying involving the use of an electrostatic field
- B05D1/06—Applying particulate materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2202/00—Metallic substrate
- B05D2202/20—Metallic substrate based on light metals
- B05D2202/25—Metallic substrate based on light metals based on Al
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2227—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2237—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of titanium
- C08K2003/2241—Titanium dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2296—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/002—Physical properties
- C08K2201/005—Additives being defined by their particle size in general
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composition for powder coating, a powder coating using the composition, and a coated article.
- VOC has been used for paints.
- VOC is not included at all, exhaust treatment and wastewater treatment are not required, and recovery and reuse are possible. Powder coatings are widely used.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 describe compositions for powder coatings using a fluoroolefin-based fluorocopolymer having a fluoroolefin unit and specific vinyl ether units and vinyl ester units. According to the composition for body paint, it is supposed that the coating film excellent in the external appearance and the flexibility can be formed.
- the coating film formed with the composition for powder coatings of patent document 1 and 2 is still inadequate in appearance, especially when the coating area becomes large, Appearance defects such as repellency are easily noticeable. Therefore, these powder coating compositions have been limited to use on members having a small coating area such as a sash and the like and poor appearance defects. Moreover, the smoothness of the coating film was not sufficient.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a powder coating composition that can form a coating film that is free from defects in appearance such as irregularities and repellency and that has excellent surface smoothness, and a powder coating composition that uses the powder coating composition And a coated article having a coating film formed from the powder coating.
- the present invention has the following configurations [1] to [12].
- [1] A fluorine-containing polymer having units derived from a fluoroolefin having a melt viscosity of 190 ° C. measured by a rotary rheometer at a temperature rising rate of 10 ° C./min in the range of 0.1 to 25 Pa ⁇ s; And fine particles having a specific surface area of 10 to 500 m 2 / g and an average primary particle size in the range of 0.1 to 100 nm, comprising at least one selected from silica, alumina, titania, and zinc oxide, A powder coating composition comprising 0.01 to 10 parts by mass of the fine particles with respect to 100 parts by mass of the fluoropolymer.
- the resin other than the fluoropolymer is at least one selected from an acrylic resin, a polyester resin, a polyurethane resin, an epoxy resin, and a silicone resin, and a temperature rising rate of 10 ° C. by a rotary rheometer.
- a powder coating composition capable of forming a coating film having no appearance defects such as unevenness and repellency and excellent surface smoothness, and a powder coating composition using the powder coating composition And a coated article having a coating film formed from the powder coating.
- “Fluoropolymer” means a polymer having a fluorine atom in the molecule.
- (Meth) acrylate” is a general term for acrylate and methacrylate, and “(meth) acryl” is a general term for “acrylic” and “methacrylic”.
- the “unit” means a part derived from a monomer that exists in the polymer and constitutes the polymer. The unit derived from the monomer resulting from addition polymerization of a monomer having a carbon-carbon unsaturated double bond is a divalent unit generated by cleavage of the unsaturated double bond.
- a unit derived from an individual monomer is referred to as a name obtained by adding “unit” to the monomer name.
- Specific surface area means the specific surface area determined by the BET method.
- the “average primary particle size” is a median size measured by a particle size distribution meter by a laser diffraction method.
- the powder coating composition of the present invention has fluoroolefin units having a melt viscosity at 190 ° C. measured by a rotary rheometer at a temperature rising rate of 10 ° C./min in the range of 0.1 to 25 Pa ⁇ s.
- a fluorine-containing polymer and fine particles comprising at least one selected from silica, alumina, titania and zinc oxide, having a specific surface area of 10 to 500 m 2 / g and an average primary particle diameter of 0.1 to 100 nm. including.
- Fluoropolymer (A) which consists of“ at least one selected from silica, alumina, titania and zinc oxide, having a specific surface area of 10 to 500 m 2 / g and an average primary particle size of 0.1 to 100 nm.
- the “fine particles in the range” are called “fine particles (B)”.
- the fluoropolymer (A) is a fluoroolefin homopolymer or a copolymer having a fluoroolefin unit as an essential unit.
- a copolymer two or more kinds of copolymers of fluoroolefin, a copolymer of one or more kinds of fluoroolefin and one or more kinds of fluorine-containing monomers other than fluoroolefin, one or more kinds of fluoroolefin And one or more monomers having no fluorine atom, one or more fluoroolefins, one or more fluorine-containing monomers other than fluoroolefins, and one of monomers having no fluorine atoms Examples thereof include a copolymer with a seed or more.
- a fluoropolymer (A) may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together.
- the fluorine-containing polymer (A) used in the present invention has a 190 ° C. melt viscosity in the range of 0.1 to 25 Pa ⁇ s measured with a rotary rheometer at a temperature rising rate of 10 ° C./min. It is preferably in the range of 3 to 23 Pa ⁇ s, more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 20 Pa ⁇ s. If the melt viscosity of the fluoropolymer (A) is within the above range, the fine particles (B) described later in detail are used together with a specific ratio, there is no appearance defect such as blisters and repellency, and the surface A powder coating composition capable of forming a coating film excellent in smoothness is obtained.
- melt viscosity of the fluoropolymer (A) is not more than the upper limit of the above range, a coating film excellent in surface smoothness can be formed by using it together with the fine particles (B). Moreover, if the melt viscosity of the fluoropolymer (A) is at least the lower limit of the above range, the film thickness can be made constant even when the substrate having a complicated shape is suspended and applied.
- each condition at the time of measuring melt viscosity with a rotary rheometer is as follows. Temperature: Heated from 130 ° C to 200 ° C and measured melt viscosity at 190 ° C Temperature rising rate: 10 ° C / min Frequency: 1Hz
- the fluoroolefin is a compound in which one or more hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon-based olefin (general formula C n H 2n ) are substituted with a fluorine atom.
- the number of carbon atoms of the fluoroolefin is preferably 2-8, more preferably 2-4, and particularly preferably 2.
- the ratio of the number of fluorine atoms to the total number of fluorine atoms and hydrogen atoms in the fluoroolefin is preferably 25% or more, more preferably 50% or more, and may be 100%. If the number of fluorine atoms is 25% or more, it is easy to form a coating film having excellent weather resistance.
- one or more hydrogen atoms not substituted with fluorine atoms may be substituted with chlorine atoms.
- the fluoroolefin has a chlorine atom, it is easy to disperse a pigment (colored organic pigment such as titanium oxide pigment, cyanine blue, cyanine green) in the fluoropolymer (A).
- the glass transition temperature of a fluoropolymer (A) can be designed to 30 degreeC or more, and blocking of a coating film can be suppressed.
- the fluoroolefin is selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroethylene (hereinafter also referred to as “TFE”), chlorotrifluoroethylene (hereinafter also referred to as “CTFE”), hexafluoropropylene, vinylidene fluoride, and vinyl fluoride. 1 type or more is preferable, and TFE, CTFE, and vinylidene fluoride are especially preferable.
- a fluoro olefin may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- As the fluoroolefin unit a unit directly formed by polymerization of fluoroolefin is preferable.
- fluorine-containing monomer other than the fluoroolefin examples include fluoro (alkyl vinyl ether), perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether), fluoro (vinyl carboxylate), perfluoro (vinyl carboxylate) and the like.
- monomer having no fluorine atom examples include vinyl monomers, that is, compounds having a carbon-carbon double bond.
- the monomer having no fluorine atom preferably has an ether bond, an ester bond, a hydroxyl group, a carboxy group, an amino group, etc., for example, alkyl vinyl ether, hydroxyalkyl vinyl ether, carboxyalkyl vinyl ether, vinyl carboxylate, hydroxyalkyl carboxylic acid Examples thereof include monomers such as vinyl and vinyl carboxyalkylcarboxylate.
- fluorine-containing polymer (A) examples include TFE-perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer, TFE-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, TFE-perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) -hexafluoropropylene copolymer, and ethylene-TFE.
- examples include copolymers, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, ethylene-CTFE copolymers, and fluorine-containing polymers having a reactive group described later.
- the fluorine-containing polymer (A) listed above is not limited to the units derived from the monomers specifically described, and, if necessary, within a range not impairing its essential characteristics. You may further have the unit derived from monomers other than the monomer specifically described.
- the fluoropolymer (A) has excellent adhesion to a substrate (particularly an aluminum substrate), and an aluminum curtain wall made of a sealing agent. From the viewpoint of easy fixation, vinylidene fluoride is particularly preferable.
- the melting point of the fluoropolymer (A) is preferably 300 ° C. or lower, more preferably 200 ° C. or lower, and particularly preferably 180 ° C. or lower.
- the melting point of the fluoropolymer (A) is not more than the above upper limit, the surface smoothness of the coating film is excellent.
- the melting point is a value obtained using a differential scanning calorimeter.
- polyvinylidene fluoride is preferable from the viewpoint of excellent flexibility and impact resistance of the coating film.
- the fluoropolymer which has a reactive group from the point which is excellent in antifouling property, water resistance, acid resistance, and alkali resistance is preferable.
- the reactive group include a hydroxyl group, a carboxy group, and an amino group.
- the fluoropolymer may have two or more reactive groups.
- the fluoropolymer (A) examples include a fluoropolymer (A) containing a hydroxyl group (hereinafter referred to as “hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer (A1)”) or a fluoropolymer containing a carboxy group (A (Hereinafter referred to as “carboxy group-containing fluoropolymer (A2)”) is particularly preferred. Since the hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer (A1) and the carboxy group-containing fluoropolymer (A2) contain a hydroxyl group or a carboxy group, an isocyanate-based curing agent (particularly a block) is used as a curing agent described later in the powder coating composition. When it contains an isocyanate-based curing agent), the curing rate is excellent. Further, it is preferable in that, for example, a titanium oxide pigment or the like can be easily dispersed and a highly glossy coating film can be obtained.
- hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer (A1) a fluoroolefin unit and a unit derived from a monomer having a hydroxyl group (hereinafter referred to as “monomer (m1)”) that can be copolymerized with the fluoroolefin.
- a hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer having a unit derived from a monomer other than the fluoroolefin and the monomer (m1) (hereinafter referred to as “monomer (m2)”) as necessary is preferable.
- the hydroxyl group-containing fluorine-containing polymer (A1) may be a hydroxyl group-containing fluorine-containing polymer in which hydroxyl groups are introduced by reactive group conversion of the polymer.
- the hydroxyl group-containing fluorine-containing polymer includes a fluorine-containing polymer having a fluoroolefin unit, a unit derived from a monomer having a reactive functional group other than a hydroxyl group, and, if necessary, the monomer (m2).
- a fluorine-containing polymer obtained by reacting a compound having a hydroxyl group with a second reactive functional group that reacts with the reactive functional group is preferable.
- the monomer (monomer (m1), monomer (m2), etc.) to be copolymerized with the fluoroolefin may be a monomer having a fluorine atom other than the fluoroolefin, but does not have a fluorine atom. Monomers are preferred.
- the monomer (m1) is a monomer having a hydroxyl group.
- the monomer having a hydroxyl group include allyl alcohol, hydroxyalkyl vinyl ether (2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether, 4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, cyclohexanediol monovinyl ether, etc.), hydroxyalkyl allyl ether (ethylene glycol monoallyl ether, etc.), Examples thereof include vinyl hydroxyalkanoates (such as vinyl hydroxypropionate) and hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates (such as hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate).
- a monomer (m1) may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- the monomer (m2) is preferably a vinyl monomer, that is, a compound having a carbon-carbon double bond.
- Vinyl monomers are excellent in alternating copolymerization with fluoroolefins and can increase the polymerization yield. Moreover, even when it remains unreacted, it has little influence on the coating film and can be easily removed in the manufacturing process.
- vinyl monomers include vinyl ether, allyl ether, vinyl carboxylate, allyl carboxylate, and olefin.
- vinyl ether examples include cycloalkyl vinyl ether (cyclohexyl vinyl ether (hereinafter also referred to as “CHVE”)), alkyl vinyl ether (nonyl vinyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl vinyl ether, hexyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, n-butyl vinyl ether, tert-butyl). Vinyl ether, etc.).
- alkyl ethers examples include alkyl allyl ethers (ethyl allyl ether, hexyl allyl ether, etc.).
- vinyl carboxylates examples include vinyl esters of carboxylic acids (acetic acid, butyric acid, pivalic acid, benzoic acid, propionic acid, etc.). Further, as vinyl ester of carboxylic acid having a branched alkyl group, commercially available Veova-9, Veova-10 (both manufactured by Shell Chemical Co., Ltd.) and the like may be used. Examples of allyl carboxylates include allyl esters of carboxylic acids (acetic acid, butyric acid, pivalic acid, benzoic acid, propionic acid, etc.). Examples of the olefin include ethylene, propylene, isobutylene and the like.
- the monomer (m2) is preferably a cycloalkyl vinyl ether from the viewpoint that the glass transition temperature of the hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer (A1) can be designed to be 30 ° C. or higher and the blocking of the coating film can be suppressed. Is particularly preferred.
- the monomer (m2) is preferably an alkyl vinyl ether or vinyl alkyl carboxylate having a linear or branched alkyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms from the viewpoint of excellent flexibility of the coating film.
- a monomer (m2) may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- Combination (1) Fluoroolefin: TFE or CTFE, Monomer (m1): Hydroxyalkyl vinyl ether, Monomer (m2): One or more selected from cycloalkyl vinyl ether, alkyl vinyl ether, and vinyl alkylcarboxylate.
- Combination (2) Fluoroolefin: CTFE, Monomer (m1): Hydroxyalkyl vinyl ether, Monomer (m2): CHVE and ethyl vinyl ether.
- Combination (3) Fluoroolefin: CTFE, Monomer (m1): Hydroxyalkyl vinyl ether, Monomer (m2): tert-butyl vinyl ether and vinyl pivalate.
- the hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer (A1) is a copolymer having a fluoroolefin unit and a vinyl ether unit and having a high alternating copolymerization property between the fluoroolefin and vinyl ether, as in combination (2).
- the number average molecular weight it is easy to obtain a hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer (A1) in which the melt viscosity measured by a rotary rheometer is in the above range.
- the hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer (A1) has a fluoroolefin unit, a vinyl ether unit, and a vinyl ester unit, and has a high alternating copolymerization property between the fluoroolefin and (vinyl ether / vinyl ester).
- a copolymer by using tert-butyl vinyl ether as the vinyl ether, it is easy to obtain a hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer (A1) in which the melt viscosity measured with a rotary rheometer is in the above range.
- the proportion of the fluoroolefin units is preferably 30 to 70 mol%, particularly preferably 40 to 60 mol%, based on all units (100 mol%) in the hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer (A1). If a fluoro olefin unit is more than the said lower limit, it will be excellent in the weather resistance of a coating film. If a fluoro olefin unit is below the said upper limit, the antifouling property of a coating film, water resistance, acid resistance, and alkali resistance will be more excellent. Moreover, if the ratio of a fluoro olefin unit is in the said range, it will be easy to obtain the fluoropolymer (A) whose said melt viscosity by a rotary rheometer is the said range.
- the proportion of the monomer (m1) unit is preferably 0.5 to 25 mol%, particularly preferably 1 to 22 mol%, based on the total units (100 mol%) in the hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer (A1). . If the ratio of the monomer (m1) unit is at least the lower limit, the antifouling property, water resistance, acid resistance and alkali resistance of the coating film will be more excellent. When the ratio of the monomer (m1) unit is not more than the above upper limit value, the scratch resistance of the coating film is excellent. Moreover, if the ratio of a monomer (m1) unit is in the said range, the said melt viscosity by a rotary rheometer will be easy to obtain the fluoropolymer (A) of the said range.
- the proportion of the monomer (m2) unit is preferably 20 to 60 mol%, particularly preferably 30 to 50 mol%, based on all units (100 mol%) in the hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer (A1).
- the proportion of the monomer (m2) unit is not less than the lower limit, the glass transition temperature of the hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer (A1) is appropriate, and a powder coating can be easily produced.
- the ratio of a monomer (m2) unit is below the said upper limit, blocking of a coating film will be suppressed more and it will be excellent by a softness
- the ratio of a monomer (m2) unit is in the said range, the said melt viscosity by a rotary rheometer will be easy to obtain the fluoropolymer (A) of the said range.
- the number average molecular weight of the hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer (A1) is preferably 3,000 to 50,000, more preferably 5,000 to 30,000.
- the coating film is excellent in water resistance and salt water resistance.
- the number average molecular weight of the hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer (A1) is not more than the above upper limit value, the surface smoothness of the coating film is more excellent.
- the number average molecular weight of the hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer (A1) is a copolymer having a high alternating copolymerization property of fluoroolefin and vinyl ether as in the case of the combination (2), the number average molecular weight is particularly 9, When it is 500 or less, the melt viscosity measured by a rotary rheometer tends to be in the above range. In view of melt viscosity, the number average molecular weight of the hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer (A1) is more preferably 8,500 or less, and particularly preferably 7,500 or less.
- the number average molecular weight of the hydroxyl group-containing fluorine-containing polymer (A1) is preferably 4,500 or more, and preferably 5,500 or more, in that traces hardly remain when the coating film is protected with a protective film or a protective tape. More preferred is 6,500 or more.
- the number average molecular weight of the hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer (A1) can be controlled by selection of the solvent type used for the polymerization, the initiator amount, the initiator addition program, the ratio between the solvent amount and the monomer, and the like.
- a number average molecular weight and a mass average molecular weight are the values calculated
- the hydroxyl value of the hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer (A1) is preferably 5 to 100 mgKOH / g, more preferably 10 to 80 mgKOH / g.
- the hydroxyl value of the hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer (A1) is at least the lower limit value, the antifouling property, water resistance, acid resistance and alkali resistance of the coating film are more excellent.
- the hydroxyl value of the hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer (A1) is not more than the above upper limit value, the coating film is excellent in crack resistance under a temperature cycle at a high temperature of 100 ° C. or higher and a low temperature of 10 ° C. or lower.
- the hydroxyl value is measured according to JIS K 1557-1: 2007 (ISO 14900: 2001) or JIS K 0070: 1992.
- the glass transition temperature of the hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer (A1) is preferably 30 to 150 ° C., more preferably 30 to 120 ° C., and particularly preferably 33 to 100 ° C. If the glass transition temperature of the hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer (A1) is not less than the lower limit, it is easy to produce a powder coating material. If the glass transition temperature of the hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer (A1) is not more than the above upper limit value, the surface smoothness of the coating film tends to be more excellent.
- a glass transition temperature is a midpoint glass transition temperature measured by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method.
- the carboxy group-containing fluoropolymer (A2) is obtained, for example, by the following method.
- a. A method in which an ester bond and a carboxyl group are formed by reacting a hydroxyl group of a hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer (A1) with an acid anhydride in an organic solvent.
- b. A method of melt-kneading a hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer (A1) and an acid anhydride and reacting the hydroxyl group and acid anhydride of the hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer (A1) to form an ester bond and a carboxyl group.
- the carboxy group in the carboxy group-containing fluoropolymer (A2) obtained by this method is derived from an acid anhydride.
- the carboxy group-containing fluoropolymer (A2) may have a hydroxyl group derived from the starting hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer (A1).
- the unreacted raw material hydroxyl group-containing fluoropolymer (A1), acid anhydride
- the unreacted raw material is handled as a carboxy group-containing fluoropolymer (A2). .
- Examples of the acid anhydride include dibasic acid anhydrides.
- Dibasic acid anhydrides include succinic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, itaconic anhydride, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride (hexahydrophthalic anhydride), cis-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, Examples thereof include phthalic anhydride, 4-methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, 1,8-naphthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride and the like.
- the glass transition temperature of the carboxy group-containing fluoropolymer (A2) is preferably 30 to 150 ° C, more preferably 35 to 120 ° C, and particularly preferably 35 to 100 ° C. If the glass transition temperature of the carboxy group-containing fluoropolymer (A2) is at least the lower limit, it is easy to produce a powder coating material. When the glass transition temperature of the carboxy group-containing fluoropolymer (A2) is not more than the upper limit, the surface smoothness of the coating film is excellent.
- the carboxy group-containing fluoropolymer (A2) comprises a fluoroolefin, a monomer having a carboxy group copolymerizable with the fluoroolefin (hereinafter referred to as “monomer (m3)”), a fluoroolefin, and Those obtained by copolymerizing a monomer other than the monomer (m3) having a carboxy group (hereinafter referred to as “monomer (m4)”) are also preferred.
- the monomer (m3) and the monomer (m4) may be a monomer having a fluorine atom other than the fluoroolefin, but a monomer having no fluorine atom is preferable. Further, a part of the monomer (m4) may be a monomer having a hydroxyl group.
- Examples of the monomer (m3) include monomers such as (meth) acrylic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, 10-undecylene (undecenoic acid), 9-octadecenoic acid (oleic acid), fumaric acid, maleic acid and the like. It is done. Of these, 10-undecylenic acid is preferred because of its excellent copolymerizability with fluoroolefins.
- a monomer (m3) may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together.
- the monomer (m4) is preferably a vinyl monomer, that is, a compound having a carbon-carbon double bond.
- Vinyl monomers are excellent in alternating copolymerization with fluoroolefins and can increase the polymerization yield. Moreover, even when it remains unreacted, it has little influence on the coating film and can be easily removed in the manufacturing process.
- Examples of the vinyl monomer include vinyl ether, allyl ether, vinyl carboxylate, allyl carboxylate, olefin, unsaturated carboxylic acid ester, and the like.
- Examples of vinyl ether, allyl ether, vinyl carboxylate and olefin include those exemplified as the monomer (m2).
- Examples of the monomer having a hydroxyl group include hydroxyalkyl vinyl ethers and hydroxyalkyl vinyl esters exemplified as the monomer (m1).
- Examples of unsaturated carboxylic acid esters include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, isopropyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) Isobutyl acrylate, t-butyl (meth) acrylate, n-amyl (meth) acrylate, isoamyl (meth) acrylate, n-hexyl (meth) acrylate, isohexyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylic acid
- alkyl (meth) acrylates such as 2-ethylhexyl and lauryl (meth) acrylate.
- a monomer (m4) may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- Combination (4) Fluoroolefin: TFE or CTFE, Monomer (m3): (meth) acrylic acid, Monomer (m4): ethylene glycol monoallyl ether, vinyl carboxylate and unsaturated carboxylic acid ester.
- Combination (5) Fluoroolefin: CTFE, Monomer (m3): acrylic acid, Monomer (m4): ethylene glycol monoallyl ether, vinyl acetate, vinyl versatate and methyl acrylate.
- the resulting carboxy group-containing fluoropolymer (A2) is composed of a fluoroolefin, ( Acrylic acid or methacrylic acid is used as the monomer (m3) when tert-butyl vinyl ether is not used.
- Acrylic acid or methacrylic acid is used as the monomer (m3) when tert-butyl vinyl ether is not used.
- the proportion of the fluoroolefin unit is preferably 30 to 70 mol%, particularly preferably 40 to 60 mol%, based on all units (100 mol%) in the carboxy group-containing fluoropolymer (A2). If a fluoro olefin unit is more than the said lower limit, it will be excellent in the weather resistance of a coating film. If a fluoro olefin unit is below the said upper limit, the antifouling property of a coating film, water resistance, acid resistance, and alkali resistance will be more excellent.
- the carboxy-group containing fluoropolymer (A2) from which the said melt viscosity by a rotary rheometer will be the said range will be easy to be obtained.
- the proportion of the monomer (m3) unit is preferably 0.5 to 20 mol%, particularly 1 to 15 mol%, based on all units (100 mol%) in the carboxy group-containing fluoropolymer (A2). preferable.
- the ratio of the monomer (m3) unit is at least the lower limit, the antifouling property, water resistance, acid resistance, and alkali resistance of the coating film are more excellent.
- the proportion of the monomer (m3) unit is not more than the above upper limit value, the scratch resistance of the coating film is excellent.
- the carboxy-group containing fluoropolymer (A2) from which the said melt viscosity by a rotary rheometer will become the said range will be easy to be obtained.
- the proportion of the monomer (m4) unit is preferably 20 to 60 mol%, particularly preferably 30 to 60 mol%, based on all units (100 mol%) in the carboxy group-containing fluoropolymer (A2). If the ratio of the monomer (m4) unit is equal to or higher than the lower limit, the glass transition temperature of the carboxy group-containing fluoropolymer (A2) is appropriate, and a powder coating can be easily produced. If the ratio of a monomer (m4) unit is below the said upper limit, blocking of a coating film will be suppressed more and it will be excellent by a softness
- the carboxy-group containing fluoropolymer (A2) from which the said melt viscosity by a rotary rheometer will become the said range will be easy to be obtained.
- the number average molecular weight of the carboxy group-containing fluoropolymer (A2) is preferably 4,000 to 15,000, more preferably 5,000 to 12,000.
- the coating film is excellent in water resistance and salt water resistance.
- the number average molecular weight of the carboxy group-containing fluoropolymer (A2) is not more than the above upper limit value, the surface smoothness of the coating film is more excellent.
- the fine particles (B) comprise at least one selected from silica (silicon oxide), alumina (aluminum oxide), titania (titanium oxide), and zinc oxide, and have a specific surface area of 10 to 500 m 2 / g and average primary particles. The diameter is in the range of 0.1 to 100 nm.
- the fine particles (B) may be composed of any one of silica fine particles, alumina fine particles, titania fine particles, and zinc oxide fine particles, or may be a mixture of two or more of these fine particles.
- the fine particles (B) may have the same functions and characteristics as oxide additives (inorganic ultraviolet absorbers, matting agents, color pigments, etc.) described later. However, in the present invention, fine particles included in the category of fine particles (B) are excluded from the additives described later.
- the fine particles (B) are contained in an amount of 0.01 to 10 parts by mass and 0.05 to 9.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the fluoropolymer (A). Is more preferable, and 0.1 to 8.0 parts by mass is more preferable. According to the powder coating containing the powder comprising the composition for powder coating containing the fine particles (B) and the above-mentioned fluoropolymer (A) in the above ratio, there is no appearance defect such as blistering and repellency, and A coating film excellent in surface smoothness can be formed.
- the content of the fine particles (B) is not less than the lower limit of the above range, the surface smoothness of the coating film becomes good, and when it is not more than the upper limit value, the smoothness of the surface of the coating film becomes good. Problems such as irregularities and repellency in the film are eliminated, and the appearance is improved. This is thought to be due to the following reasons. That is, at least a part of the fine particles (B) contained in the powder coating composition are present on the surface of each particle of the powder constituting the powder coating composition. Thus, it is considered that the presence of the fine particles (B) on the surface of each particle reduces the frictional resistance between the particles and improves the sliding between the particles.
- each particle is closely packed during coating, and a coating film having excellent surface smoothness is formed. Further, since the amount of the fine particles (B) is moderate, it is considered that appearance defects such as blisters and repellency due to the fine particles (B) are also suppressed.
- the specific surface area of fine particles (B) is 10 ⁇ 500m 2 / g as described above, preferably 15 ⁇ 400m 2 / g, more preferably 20 ⁇ 300m 2 / g.
- the specific surface area is less than or equal to the upper limit of the above range, the aggregation of the fine particles (B) is suppressed, the surface of the coating film is hardly generated, and the appearance is improved.
- strength of a coating film will improve and it will become difficult to enter a crack. Also, the bending workability is improved.
- the average primary particle diameter of the fine particles (B) is 0.1 to 100 nm, preferably 0.5 to 90 nm, and more preferably 1.0 to 80 nm.
- the average primary particle diameter is not less than the lower limit of the above range, aggregation of the fine particles (B) is suppressed, so that the surface of the coating film is hardly generated and the appearance is improved.
- strength of a coating film will improve and it will become difficult to enter a crack. Also, the bending workability is improved.
- the fine particles (B) may be one or more of silica produced by a vapor phase method, alumina produced by a vapor phase method, titania produced by a vapor phase method, and zinc oxide produced by a vapor phase method.
- Silica, alumina, titania and zinc oxide produced by the vapor phase method tend to have the above specific surface area and average primary particle size.
- the fine particles (B) are preferably surface-treated with an organosilicon compound.
- an organosilicon compound means an organic group bonded to a silicon atom (one whose terminal atom bonded to the silicon atom is a carbon atom) and a hydroxyl group or hydrolyzable group bonded to a silicon element (reacted with water).
- a silicon compound having a hydroxyl group means an organic group bonded to a silicon atom (one whose terminal atom bonded to the silicon atom is a carbon atom) and a hydroxyl group or hydrolyzable group bonded to a silicon element (reacted with water).
- the organosilicon compound may be a partially hydrolyzed condensate of a silicon compound having an organic group and a hydrolyzable group.
- the organic group include hydrocarbon groups such as alkyl groups and alkenyl groups, and hydrocarbon groups having reactive groups such as hydroxyl groups, carboxy groups, amino groups, and acyloxy groups.
- the hydrolyzable group include a chlorine atom and an alkoxy group.
- organosilicon compounds include methyltrichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, trimethylchlorosilane, hexamethyldisilazane, silicone oil, silane coupling agents (3- (meth) acryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3- (meth) acryloyloxypropyl) Methyldimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-isocyanatopropyltrimethoxysilane, trimethoxyvinylsilane, etc.), cyclic siloxane, etc.
- alkylchlorosilanes such as methyltrichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, and trimethylchlorosilane are preferred.
- An organosilicon compound may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together.
- the treatment amount of the organosilicon compound with respect to 100% by mass of the fine particles (B) is preferably 0.01 to 5.0% by mass, and more preferably 0.5 to 3.0% by mass.
- the fine particles (B) have been subjected to crushing treatment.
- Particles produced by the vapor phase method and surface-treated often form aggregates. Therefore, the specific surface area and the average primary particle diameter are likely to be obtained by performing the crushing treatment after the surface treatment.
- the crushing treatment can be performed by a method using a crusher such as a pin mill or a fine mill.
- the composition for powder coatings of the present invention may contain a resin other than the fluoropolymer (A).
- the resin other than the fluoropolymer (A) is hereinafter referred to as “resin (C)”.
- the resin (C) is preferably a non-fluorine-based coating resin, and is composed of at least one selected from an acrylic resin, a polyester resin, a polyurethane resin, an epoxy resin, and a silicone resin, and is heated by a rotary rheometer.
- a resin having a melt viscosity at 190 ° C. measured at 10 ° C./min in the range of 0.1 to 10 Pa ⁇ s is more preferable.
- the melt viscosity of the resin (C) is more preferably 0.2 to 9 Pa ⁇ s, and particularly preferably 0.3 to 8 Pa ⁇ s from the viewpoint that a coating film having excellent surface smoothness can be easily obtained.
- the acrylic resin is a polymer having a (meth) acrylate unit.
- the acrylic resin may have a reactive group such as a carboxy group, a hydroxyl group, or a sulfo group.
- the acrylic resin having a reactive group is excellent in dispersibility when the powder coating composition contains a pigment such as a titanium oxide pigment.
- the glass transition temperature of the acrylic resin is preferably 30 to 60 ° C. When the glass transition temperature is equal to or higher than the lower limit, the coating film is difficult to block. If the glass transition temperature of an acrylic resin is below the said upper limit, the surface smoothness of a coating film will be further excellent.
- the number average molecular weight of the acrylic resin is preferably 5,000 to 100,000, particularly preferably 30,000 to 100,000. When the number average molecular weight of the acrylic resin is not less than the lower limit, the coating film is difficult to block. If the number average molecular weight of the acrylic resin is not more than the above upper limit value, the smoothness of the coating film surface is further improved.
- the mass average molecular weight of the acrylic resin is preferably 6,000 to 150,000, more preferably 40,000 to 150,000, and particularly preferably 60,000 to 150,000. If the mass average molecular weight of the acrylic resin is not less than the lower limit, the coating film is difficult to block. If the mass average molecular weight of the acrylic resin is not more than the above upper limit value, the smoothness of the coating film surface is further improved.
- the acid value of the acrylic resin is preferably 150 to 400 mgKOH / g. If the acid value of the acrylic resin is equal to or higher than the lower limit value, when the composition for powder coating contains a pigment such as a titanium oxide pigment, the dispersibility is improved. If the acid value of an acrylic resin is below the said upper limit, a coating film is excellent in moisture resistance.
- the acrylic resin has a hydroxyl group, the hydroxyl value of the acrylic resin is preferably 1 to 250 mgKOH / g from the viewpoint of adhesion to the substrate. In the non-fluorinated resin, the hydroxyl value is determined according to JIS K 1557-1: 2007 (ISO 14900: 2001) or JIS K 0070: 1992. In the non-fluorinated resin, the acid value is determined according to JIS K 0070: 1992 or JIS K 5601-2-1: 1999.
- acrylic resin a resin having a melt viscosity in the range of 0.1 to 10 Pa ⁇ s can be selected from commercially available products.
- polyester resin examples include those having a polycarboxylic acid unit and a polyhydric alcohol unit, and optionally having units other than these two types of units (for example, hydroxycarboxylic acid units).
- the terminal of the polymer chain of the polyester resin is a monovalent unit.
- the terminal unit is a polyvalent carboxylic acid unit
- the terminal unit has a carboxy group
- the terminal unit is a polyhydric alcohol unit
- the terminal The unit has a hydroxyl group.
- the unit other than the terminal unit is composed of a divalent or higher unit
- the linear polymer is composed of only a divalent unit excluding the terminal unit. That is, the linear polyester resin is composed of only divalent units such as a divalent unit derived from a polyvalent carboxylic acid and a divalent unit derived from a polyhydric alcohol, excluding terminal units.
- the branched polyester resin has at least one trivalent or higher unit, and is substantially composed of only a divalent unit other than the trivalent or higher unit and the terminal unit.
- the polyester resin a linear polymer or a branched polymer having a small number of branches is preferable, and a linear polymer is particularly preferable. Since a branched polymer having many branches tends to have a high softening point and melting temperature, when the polyester resin is a branched polymer, the softening point is preferably 200 ° C. or lower. As the polyester resin, a polyester resin that is solid at normal temperature and has a softening point of 100 to 150 ° C. is preferable.
- the number average molecular weight of the polyester resin is preferably 5,000 or less.
- the mass average molecular weight of the polyester resin is preferably 2,000 to 20,000, and particularly preferably 2,000 to 10,000.
- the polyester resin those having a number average molecular weight of 5,000 or less and a mass average molecular weight of 2,000 to 20,000 are more preferable, the number average molecular weight is 5,000 or less, and the mass average molecular weight. Particularly preferred are those having a 2,000 to 10,000.
- the polyester resin may have a reactive group capable of reacting with a curing agent described later. At least a part of the terminal unit of the polymer chain of the polyester resin is preferably a monovalent polyvalent carboxylic acid unit or a monovalent polyhydric alcohol unit. In the former case, the free carboxy contained in the unit In the latter case, the free hydroxyl group of the unit functions as a reactive group.
- the unit having a reactive group may be a unit other than the terminal unit. For example, since a divalent polyhydric alcohol unit derived from a polyhydric alcohol having three or more hydroxyl groups is a unit having a free hydroxyl group, the polyester resin has a divalent or more unit having the reactive group. You may do it.
- the reactive group in the polyester resin is preferably a hydroxyl group from the viewpoint of excellent water resistance, alkali resistance and acid resistance of the coating film.
- the polyester resin usually has a hydroxyl group and a carboxy group, and the polyester resin is preferably a polyester resin mainly having a hydroxyl group.
- the hydroxyl value of the polyester resin is preferably 20 to 100 mgKOH / g, particularly preferably 20 to 80 mgKOH / g.
- the acid value of the polyester resin is preferably 1 to 80 mgKOH / g, particularly preferably 3 to 50 mgKOH / g.
- the hydroxyl value and acid value are measured according to JIS K 0070: 1992.
- the polyester resin includes units derived from aromatic polycarboxylic acid having 8 to 15 carbon atoms and 2 to 10 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of impact resistance and workability of the coating film, weather resistance of the coating film, and availability. Polyester resins having units derived from polyhydric alcohols are preferred.
- the polyvalent carboxylic acid unit a unit derived from an aromatic polyvalent carboxylic acid having 8 to 15 carbon atoms is preferable.
- An aromatic polyvalent carboxylic acid having 8 to 15 carbon atoms is a compound having an aromatic ring and two or more carboxy groups, and the carboxy group is bonded to a carbon atom of the aromatic ring.
- the anhydride which has a structure which two carboxyl groups dehydrated may be sufficient.
- the aromatic ring a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring is preferable, and a benzene ring is particularly preferable. In the case of a benzene ring, two may exist per molecule.
- the number of carboxy groups in the aromatic polyvalent carboxylic acid is preferably 2 to 4 and particularly preferably 2.
- the aromatic polyvalent carboxylic acid having 8 to 15 carbon atoms include phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, and phthalic anhydride.
- an isophthalic acid unit is preferable from the viewpoint of excellent weather resistance of the coating film.
- the polyhydric alcohol unit is preferably a unit derived from a polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
- a polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 10 carbon atoms As the polyhydric alcohol, an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol compound and an alicyclic polyhydric alcohol are preferable, and an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol is particularly preferable.
- the number of hydroxyl groups in the polyhydric alcohol is preferably 2-4, and particularly preferably 2.
- Examples of the polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 10 carbon atoms include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, and 1,4-butanediol.
- 1,5-pentanediol 1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, spiroglycol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, glycerin, pentaerythritol and the like.
- the polyhydric alcohol unit is preferably a unit derived from a polyhydric alcohol having 3 to 8 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of excellent adhesion to the substrate and excellent flexibility, and the polyhydric alcohol having 4 to 6 carbon atoms. Units derived from are particularly preferred.
- the polyhydric alcohol neopentyl glycol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, trimethylolpropane and the like are preferable, and neopentyl glycol and trimethylolpropane are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of easy availability.
- a resin having a melt viscosity in the range of 0.1 to 10 Pa ⁇ s can be selected from commercially available products. The following are mentioned as such a commercial item.
- the values in parentheses are the values of the melt viscosity.
- a resin having a melt viscosity in the range of 0.1 to 10 Pa ⁇ s can be selected from commercially available products.
- Epoxy resin examples include a bisphenol A type epoxy resin and a bisphenol F type epoxy resin, and a resin having a melt viscosity in the range of 0.1 to 10 Pa ⁇ s is selected from commercially available products. Can do.
- silicone resin a resin having a melt viscosity in the range of 0.1 to 10 Pa ⁇ s can be selected from commercially available products.
- the powder coating composition of the present invention may contain a curing agent when at least one of the fluoropolymer (A) and the resin (C) has a reactive group (hydroxyl group, carboxy group, etc.). Good.
- the curing agent is a compound that reacts with the reactive group to cure the fluorinated polymer (A) or the resin (C) by crosslinking or increasing the molecular weight.
- the curing agent has two or more reactive groups that can react with the reactive groups of the fluoropolymer (A) and the resin (C).
- the reactive group of the curing agent contains a powder composed of a powder coating composition because it is not preferable to react with the reactive group of the fluoropolymer (A) and the resin (C) at room temperature.
- a reactive group that can react when the powder coating is melted by heating.
- a blocked isocyanate group is preferable to an isocyanate group having a highly reactive group at room temperature. The blocked isocyanate group is released from the blocking agent when the powder coating is heated and melted to form an isocyanate group, and the isocyanate group acts as a reactive group.
- a known compound can be used as the curing agent.
- a blocked isocyanate curing agent an amine curing agent (a melamine resin, a guanamine resin having an amino group to which a hydroxymethyl group or an alkoxymethyl group is bonded, Sulfoamide resins, urea resins, aniline resins, etc.), ⁇ -hydroxyalkylamide type curing agents, epoxy type curing agents (triglycidyl isocyanurate, etc.).
- a blocked isocyanate type curing agent is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of excellent adhesion to the substrate, processability of the product after coating, and water resistance of the coating film.
- the curing agent is preferably a ⁇ -hydroxyalkylamide curing agent or a triglycidyl isocyanurate curing agent.
- curing agent may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- the blocked isocyanate curing agent is preferably a solid at room temperature.
- a blocked isocyanate curing agent a polyisocyanate obtained by reacting an aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic diisocyanate with a low molecular weight compound having active hydrogen is reacted with a blocking agent to mask it. What was manufactured by doing is preferable.
- Diisocyanates include tolylene diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenylmethane isocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, 4,4′-methylene bis (cyclohexyl isocyanate), methylcyclohexane diisocyanate, bis (Isocyanate methyl) cyclohexane, isophorone diisocyanate, dimer acid diisocyanate, lysine diisocyanate and the like.
- Low molecular weight compounds having active hydrogen include water, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, glycerin, sorbitol, ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, hexamethylenediamine, isocyanurate, uretidione, a low molecular weight polyester containing a hydroxyl group, Examples include polycaprolactone.
- the blocking agent examples include alcohols (methanol, ethanol, benzyl alcohol, etc.), phenols (phenol, crezone, etc.), lactams (caprolactam, butyrolactam, etc.), and oximes (cyclohexanone, oxime, methyl ethyl ketoxime, etc.).
- the powder coating composition may contain a curing catalyst as necessary.
- the curing catalyst accelerates the curing reaction and imparts good chemical performance and physical performance to the coating film.
- a tin catalyst such as tin octylate, tributyltin laurate, dibutyltin dilaurate
- a curing catalyst may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- composition for powder coating is various additives such as UV absorbers and pigments as required (however, none of the fluoropolymer (A), fine particles (B) and resin (C)) .)) May be included as other components.
- additives include, for example, ultraviolet absorbers, pigments, light stabilizers (hindered amine light stabilizers, etc.), matting agents (polytetrafluoroethylene fine particles, silicone resin fine particles, etc.), and surfactants (nonionic surface activity).
- the composition for powder coatings contains especially an ultraviolet absorber and a pigment.
- an organic ultraviolet absorber or an inorganic ultraviolet absorber can be used as the ultraviolet absorber.
- An ultraviolet absorber may be used individually by 1 type, or may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- organic ultraviolet absorbers examples include salicylic acid ester ultraviolet absorbers, benzotriazole ultraviolet absorbers, benzophenone ultraviolet absorbers, and cyanoacrylate ultraviolet absorbers.
- As the organic ultraviolet absorber a compound having a molecular weight of 200 to 1,000 is preferable. If the molecular weight is 200 or more, it is difficult to volatilize in the process of forming the coating film and can remain in the coating film. If the molecular weight is 1,000 or less, it is easy to disperse in the coating film.
- the organic ultraviolet absorber a compound having a melting point of 50 to 150 ° C. is preferable.
- the melting point is 50 ° C. or higher, it is difficult to volatilize in the process of forming the coating film and can remain in the coating film.
- the melting point is 150 ° C. or lower, the film is easily melted in the process of forming the coating film and is easily dispersed in the coating film.
- a compound having a volatilization temperature of 180 to 450 ° C. is preferable, and a compound having a 220 to 400 ° C. is particularly preferable. Since a temperature condition of 150 to 220 ° C. is required in the process of forming the coating film, it is difficult to volatilize within the above range and can remain in the coating film.
- inorganic ultraviolet absorbers include filler-type inorganic ultraviolet absorbers containing ultraviolet absorbing oxides (such as zinc oxide and cerium oxide).
- ultraviolet absorbing oxides such as zinc oxide and cerium oxide
- composite particles of zinc oxide and titanium oxide, composite particles of cerium oxide and titanium oxide, composite particles of zinc oxide and cerium oxide, composite particles of titanium oxide, zinc oxide and cerium oxide are preferable.
- These ultraviolet absorbing oxide particles are different from the fine particles (B).
- the specific surface area is 10 to 500 m 2 / g.
- the average primary particle diameter is outside the range of 0.1 to 100 nm.
- the pigment is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of luster pigments, rust preventive pigments, colored pigments and extender pigments.
- the pigment particles are different from the fine particles (B), and in the case of a pigment made of the same material as the fine particles (B), the specific surface area is outside the range of 10 to 500 m 2 / g, The average primary particle size is outside the range of 0.1 to 100 nm.
- the bright pigment is a pigment for brightening the coating film.
- the bright pigment include aluminum powder, nickel powder, stainless steel powder, copper powder, bronze powder, gold powder, silver powder, mica powder, graphite powder, glass flake, and scale-like iron oxide powder.
- the rust preventive pigment is a pigment for preventing the corrosion and alteration of the base material with respect to the base material that requires the antirust property.
- a lead-free rust preventive pigment having a low environmental load is preferable.
- lead-free rust preventive pigments include cyanamide zinc, zinc oxide, zinc phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, zinc molybdate, barium borate, and calcium cyanamide zinc.
- the color pigment is a pigment for coloring the coating film.
- examples of the color pigment include titanium oxide, carbon black, iron oxide, phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green, quinacridone, isoindolinone, benzimidazolone, and dioxazine.
- the extender pigment is a pigment for improving the hardness of the coating film and increasing the thickness of the coating film. For example, when a coated article such as a building exterior member is cut, it is preferable to add it because the cut surface of the coating film can be cleaned.
- extender pigments include talc, barium sulfate, mica, and calcium carbonate.
- the extender pigment is a pigment for improving the hardness of the coating film and increasing the thickness of the coating film. For example, when a coated article such as a building exterior member is cut, it is preferable to add it because the cut surface of the coating film can be cleaned.
- extender pigments include talc, barium sulfate, mica, and calcium carbonate.
- the mass ratio (A) / (C) of the fluoropolymer (A) to the resin (C) is preferably 90/10 to 10/90, and 80 / 20 to 20/80 is more preferable, and 40/60 to 20/80 is particularly preferable. If mass ratio is in the said range, while the weather resistance of the coating film formed is excellent, the cost of a coating film can be suppressed.
- the content of the curing agent in the powder coating composition is such that the fluorine-containing polymer (A) and the resin (C) in the powder coating composition are The amount is preferably 1 to 55 parts by mass, particularly preferably 3 to 55 parts by mass with respect to the total of 100 parts by mass.
- the curing agent is a blocked isocyanate curing agent
- the content of the blocked isocyanate curing agent in the powder coating composition is such that the molar ratio of isocyanate groups to hydroxyl groups in the powder coating composition is 0.05.
- An amount of ⁇ 1.5 is preferred, and an amount of 0.8 to 1.2 is particularly preferred.
- the molar ratio is not less than the above lower limit, the degree of curing of the coating is increased, and the hardness and chemical resistance of the coating film are excellent.
- the molar ratio is not more than the above upper limit value, the coating film is not easily brittle, and the coating film has excellent heat resistance, chemical resistance, moisture resistance, and the like.
- the content of the curing catalyst in the powder coating composition is such that the fluoropolymer (A) and the resin (C) in the powder coating composition are 0.0001 to 10.0 parts by mass is preferable with respect to 100 parts by mass in total. If the content of the curing catalyst is not less than the above lower limit value, the catalytic effect can be sufficiently obtained. If the content of the curing catalyst is not more than the above upper limit value, the gas such as air entrained in the powder coating is easily released during the melting and curing process of the powder coating, and the heat resistance of the coating film caused by the gas remaining There is little decrease in water resistance, weather resistance and water resistance.
- the content of the pigment is preferably 20 to 200 parts by mass, and preferably 50 to 150 parts per 100 parts by mass in total of the fluoropolymer (A) and the resin (C). Part by mass is particularly preferred.
- the total amount of these is the amount of the fluoropolymer (A) and the resin (C) based on the total amount of the powder coating composition. It is preferable that the total is contained within a range of 30% by mass or more.
- the composition for powder coating can be produced by a known method. Specifically, a fluoropolymer (A), fine particles (B), a resin (C) blended as necessary, a curing agent, a curing catalyst and various additives are mixed into a high-speed mixer, a V-type mixer. By mixing with an inversion mixer or the like, a powder coating composition can be obtained. Each component is preferably pulverized and powdered in advance.
- the obtained powder coating composition is melt-kneaded with a single-screw extruder, twin-screw extruder, planetary gear, etc., and the kneaded product obtained by melt-kneading is pulverized with a pulverizer such as a pin mill, hammer mill, jet mill or the like. To do. Thereafter, the pulverized product obtained by pulverization is classified as necessary. Thereby, the powder which consists of a composition for powder coatings is obtained. It is preferable that the kneaded material is pelletized after cooling.
- the powder coating material of this invention contains the powder which consists of a composition for powder coating materials of this invention.
- the powder coating of the present invention preferably contains 50% by mass or more, preferably 70% by mass or more of the powder comprising the composition for powder coating of the present invention, and consists of 100% by mass of the powder. It may be.
- Examples of the components other than the powder composed of the composition for powder coating of the present invention contained in the powder coating of the present invention are exemplified as the components that may be included in the powder coating composition as necessary. And one or more of other components.
- the coated article of the present invention has a coating film formed from the powder coating of the present invention on the surface of the substrate, and the powder coating of the present invention is coated on the substrate to melt the powder coating. It can form by the method of cooling, after forming the coating film of the molten state which consists of a thing. When the components in the powder coating are reactive, a curing reaction occurs.
- a molten coating film composed of a powder coating melt may be formed at the same time as the powder coating is applied to the substrate, and the powder coating is applied to the substrate and then heated on the substrate. It may be formed by melting.
- the powder coating has reactivity, since the curing reaction of the reactive component starts almost simultaneously with the heating and melting of the powder coating, the heating and melting of the powder coating and the adhesion to the substrate are almost It is necessary to carry out heating melting of the powder coating material at the same time or after the powder coating material adheres to the substrate.
- the material of the substrate examples include metals such as aluminum, iron, zinc, tin, titanium, lead, special steel, stainless steel, copper, magnesium, and brass, and can be selected according to the application of the coated article.
- the substrate may include two or more of the exemplified metals.
- aluminum is preferable because it is lightweight and has excellent corrosion resistance and strength.
- the shape, size, etc. of the substrate are not particularly limited.
- coating methods include electrostatic coating, electrostatic spraying, electrostatic dipping, spraying, fluid dipping, spraying, spraying, thermal spraying, plasma spraying, and the like. Even when the coating film is thinned, an electrostatic coating method using a powder coating gun is preferred from the viewpoint that a coating film excellent in surface smoothness is easily obtained and that the coating film is concealed.
- the molten coating film is cooled to room temperature (20 to 25 ° C.) to form a coating film on the substrate. Cooling may be either rapid cooling or slow cooling.
- the thickness of the coating film is preferably from 20 to 1,000 ⁇ m, more preferably from 20 to 500 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably from 20 to 300 ⁇ m, but can be appropriately set according to the weather resistance required for the coating film.
- the 60 ° gloss of the coating film is preferably 10 to 90 °, more preferably 15 to 89 °, and particularly preferably 20 to 88 °.
- the 60 ° glossiness of the coating film can be appropriately set according to the application of the coated article.
- the 60 ° glossiness of the coating film is determined, for example, by a method of adjusting the type and blending amount of the fine particles (B) blended in the powder coating composition, a method of adjusting the type and blending amount of the resin (C) (solubility) Parameter (SP value) difference), matting agent (polytetrafluoroethylene fine particles (for example, “Seridust 9205F” manufactured by Clariant), silicone resin fine particles (for example, “Tospearl 145” manufactured by Momentive)). It can be controlled by the method of blending.
- the 60 ° glossiness is based on JIS Z8741.
- coated articles include aluminum composite panels, curtain wall aluminum panels, curtain wall aluminum frames, aluminum window frames, and other building exterior materials, oil tanks, natural gas tanks, ceramic building materials, housing exterior materials, automobiles, etc.
- Examples include exterior members such as members, aircraft members, railway vehicle members, solar cell BS members, wind power generation towers, and wind power generation blades.
- the coated article of the present invention is formed of the powder coating of the present invention, has no appearance defects such as blisters and repellency, and has a coating film excellent in surface smoothness. It can also be suitably used for applications having a large coating area such as materials.
- Glass transition temperature (Tg) The glass transition temperature (Tg) is a value measured by a differential calorimeter (DSC).
- DSC differential calorimeter
- Mn Number average molecular weight
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- the temperature was gradually raised, and after reaching 55 ° C., the temperature was maintained for 20 hours. Thereafter, the temperature was raised to 65 ° C. and held for 5 hours. Thereafter, the mixture was cooled and filtered to remove the residue to obtain a xylene solution of the fluoropolymer (A-1).
- the obtained xylene solution was evaporated in a thin film and dried until the solid concentration was 99.5% by mass.
- the fluoropolymer (A-1) had a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 34 ° C., a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 7,000, and a melt viscosity at 190 ° C. of 0.7 Pa ⁇ s.
- the fluoropolymer (A-2) had a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 56 ° C., a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 12,000, and a melt viscosity at 190 ° C. of 7.8 Pa ⁇ s.
- the temperature was gradually raised, and after reaching 55 ° C., the temperature was maintained for 20 hours. Thereafter, the temperature was raised to 65 ° C. and held for 5 hours. Thereafter, the mixture was cooled and filtered to remove the residue to obtain a xylene solution of the fluoropolymer (A-3). The resulting xylene solution was evaporated in a thin film and dried until the solid concentration was 99.5% by mass.
- the fluoropolymer (A-3) had a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 35 ° C., a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 10,000, and a melt viscosity at 190 ° C. of 3.4 Pa ⁇ s.
- the fluoropolymer (A-4) had a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 54 ° C., a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 10,000, and a melt viscosity of 27.6 Pa ⁇ s at 190 ° C.
- Resin (C) The following commercially available polyester resin (C-1) was obtained and used.
- Curing agent D-1): Blocked isocyanate curing agent (“Vestagon (registered trademark) B1530” manufactured by Evonik)
- Curing catalyst E-1): Dibutyltin dilaurate solution in xylene (diluted 10,000 times)
- Titanium oxide pigment Taipure R960 (trade name, manufactured by DuPont, titanium oxide content: 89% by mass, average primary particle diameter exceeds 100 nm, and does not correspond to fine particles (B).)
- Degassing agent benzoin Surface modifier A: manufactured by Big Chemie, trade name: BYK-360P Surface modifier B: manufactured by Big Chemie, trade name: CERAFLOUR 960 (micronized modified amide wax, melting point: 145 ° C.)
- Examples 1 to 8 All the components shown in Table 1 were mixed for about 10 to 30 minutes using a high-speed mixer (manufactured by Amagasaki Co., Ltd.) to obtain a powdery mixture (composition for powder coating).
- the powder coating composition was melt-kneaded at a barrel set temperature of 120 ° C. using a twin-screw extruder (manufactured by Thermo Prism, 16 mm extruder) to obtain pellets.
- the pellets are pulverized at room temperature using a pulverizer (manufactured by FRITSCH, product name: rotor speed mill P14), classified by 150 mesh, and made of a powder coating composition having an average particle size of about 40 ⁇ m.
- a pulverizer manufactured by FRITSCH, product name: rotor speed mill P14
- the amount of each component described in Table 1 is a net amount, and the amount of fine particles (B) is also shown in Table 1 with respect to 100 parts by mass of the fluoropolymer (A).
- the average particle size of the powder composed of the composition for powder coating is a value determined by a 50% average volume particle size distribution measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (manufactured by Sympatec, product name: Helos-Rodos). is there. Using the powder composed of the obtained powder coating composition as a powder coating, a cured film (coating film) was obtained as described later, and various evaluations were performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- a composition for powder coating in which fine particles (B) made of silica are added within a range of 0.01 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the fluoropolymer (A).
- the powder (powder coating material) made of it was possible to form a coating film having excellent appearance with no irregularities such as unevenness, repellency, and wettability, and excellent surface smoothness of 9 by PCI.
- the coated film was excellent in appearance but inferior in surface smoothness.
- the coating film formed from the powder which consists of a composition for powder coatings containing excessively fine particle (B) was inferior in appearance.
- the powder coating material of the present invention is particularly useful for coating exterior members (aluminum composite panel, curtain wall aluminum panel, curtain wall aluminum frame, aluminum window frame).
- exterior members aluminum composite panel, curtain wall aluminum panel, curtain wall aluminum frame, aluminum window frame.
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Abstract
Description
また、最近では、フッ素樹脂を含む粉体塗料の適用範囲が、サッシ(窓枠等。)、カーテンウォール等の建物の外装材に拡大しており、そのため、より外観に優れ、可とう性、耐衝撃性等の特性にも優れた塗膜を形成できる粉体塗料が要求されつつある。
[1]回転式レオメーターにより昇温速度10℃/分で測定した190℃の溶融粘度が、0.1~25Pa・sの範囲にある、フルオロオレフィンに由来する単位を有する含フッ素重合体と、シリカ、アルミナ、チタニア、および酸化亜鉛から選択される少なくとも1種からなり、比表面積が10~500m2/g、および平均一次粒子径が0.1~100nmの範囲にある微粒子とを含み、前記含フッ素重合体の100質量部に対して、前記微粒子を0.01~10質量部含有することを特徴とする粉体塗料用組成物。
[2]前記含フッ素重合体が水酸基またはカルボキシ基を有する含フッ素重合体である、[1]の粉体塗料用組成物。
[3]前記微粒子が、有機ケイ素化合物により表面処理されている、[1]または[2]の粉体塗料用組成物。
[4]前記微粒子の平均一次粒子径が0.5~90nmの範囲にある、[1]~[3]のいずれかの粉体塗料用組成物。
[5]前記含フッ素重合体以外の樹脂をさらに含む、[1]~[4]のいずれかの粉体塗料用組成物。
[6]前記含フッ素重合体以外の樹脂が、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、およびシリコーン樹脂から選択される少なくとも1種からなり、かつ、回転式レオメーターにより昇温速度10℃/分で測定した190℃の溶融粘度が0.1~10Pa・sの範囲にある、[5]の粉体塗料用組成物。
[7]前記含フッ素重合体以外の樹脂が、水酸基またはカルボキシ基を有するポリエステル樹脂である、[5]または[6]の粉体塗料用組成物。
[8]硬化剤、硬化触媒、紫外線吸収剤または顔料をさらに含む、[1]~[7]のいずれかの粉体塗料用組成物。
[9]前記[1]~[8]のいずれかの粉体塗料用組成物からなる粉体を含む、粉体塗料。
[10]基材の表面に、[9]の粉体塗料から形成された塗膜を有する、塗装物品。
[11]前記塗膜の60°光沢度が、10~90°である、[10]の塗装物品。
[12]前記基材の材質がアルミニウムである、[10]または[11]の塗装物品。
「含フッ素重合体」とは、分子中にフッ素原子を有する重合体を意味する。
「(メタ)アクリレート」とは、アクリレートおよびメタクリレートの総称で、「(メタ)アクリル」とは、「アクリル」と「メタクリル」の総称である。
「単位」とは、重合体中に存在して重合体を構成する、単量体に由来する部分を意味する。炭素-炭素不飽和二重結合を有する単量体の付加重合により生じる、該単量体に由来する単位は、該不飽和二重結合が開裂して生じた2価の単位である。また、ある単位の構造を重合体形成後に化学的に変換したものも単位という。
なお、以下、場合により、個々の単量体に由来する単位をその単量体名に「単位」を付した名称で呼ぶ。
「比表面積」は、BET法により求められた比表面積を意味する。また、「平均一次粒子径」は、レーザー回折法による粒度分布計により測定されたメジアン径である。
本発明の粉体塗料用組成物は、回転式レオメーターにより昇温速度10℃/分で測定した190℃の溶融粘度が、0.1~25Pa・sの範囲にある、フルオロオレフィン単位を有する含フッ素重合体と、シリカ、アルミナ、チタニアおよび酸化亜鉛から選択される少なくとも1種からなり、比表面積が10~500m2/gおよび平均一次粒子径が0.1~100nmの範囲にある微粒子とを含む。
以下、「回転式レオメーターにより昇温速度10℃/分で測定した190℃の溶融粘度が、0.1~25Pa・sの範囲にある、フルオロオレフィン単位を有する含フッ素重合体」を「含フッ素重合体(A)」といい、「シリカ、アルミナ、チタニアおよび酸化亜鉛から選択される少なくとも1種からなり、比表面積が10~500m2/gおよび平均一次粒子径が0.1~100nmの範囲にある微粒子」を「微粒子(B)」という。
含フッ素重合体(A)は、フルオロオレフィンの単独重合体またはフルオロオレフィン単位を必須の単位として有する共重合体である。共重合体の場合は、フルオロオレフィンの2種以上の共重合体、フルオロオレフィンの1種以上とフルオロオレフィン以外の含フッ素単量体の1種以上との共重合体、フルオロオレフィンの1種以上とフッ素原子を有しない単量体の1種以上との共重合体、フルオロオレフィンの1種以上とフルオロオレフィン以外の含フッ素単量体の1種以上とフッ素原子を有しない単量体の1種以上との共重合体等が挙げられる。含フッ素重合体(A)は、1種を単独で使用しても、2種以上を併用してもよい。
温度:130℃から200℃まで昇温し、190℃の溶融粘度を測定
昇温速度:10℃/分
周波数:1Hz
フルオロオレフィンの炭素数は、2~8が好ましく、2~4がより好ましく、2が特に好ましい。
フルオロオレフィンにおけるフッ素原子と水素原子の合計数に対するフッ素原子の数の割合は、25%以上が好ましく、50%以上がより好ましく、100%であってもよい。フッ素原子の数が25%以上であれば、耐候性に優れる塗膜を形成しやすい。フルオロオレフィンにおいては、フッ素原子で置換されていない水素原子の1個以上が塩素原子で置換されていてもよい。フルオロオレフィンが塩素原子を有すると、含フッ素重合体(A)に顔料(酸化チタン顔料、シアニンブルー、シアニングリーン等の有色の有機顔料。)を分散させやすい。また、含フッ素重合体(A)のガラス転移温度を、30℃以上に設計でき、塗膜のブロッキングを抑えることができる。
フルオロオレフィンは、1種を単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
フルオロオレフィン単位としては、フルオロオレフィンの重合により直接形成される単位が好ましい。
フッ素原子を有しない単量体としては、ビニル系単量体、すなわち、炭素-炭素二重結合を有する化合物が挙げられる。フッ素原子を有しない単量体は、エーテル結合、エステル結合、水酸基、カルボキシ基、アミノ基等を有することが好ましく、たとえばアルキルビニルエーテル、ヒドロキシアルキルビニルエーテル、カルボキシアルキルビニルエーテル、カルボン酸ビニル、ヒドロキシアルキルカルボン酸ビニル、カルボキシアルキルカルボン酸ビニル等の単量体が挙げられる。
具体的に記載されている単量体以外の単量体としては、含フッ素重合体(A)が基材(特にアルミニウム製基材)への密着性に優れ、シーリング剤によるアルミニウム製カーテンウォールの固定がしやすい等の点からは、ビニリデンフルオリドが特に好ましい。
なお、本明細書において、融点は、示差走査熱量計を用いて求めた値である。
含フッ素重合体(A)としては、水酸基を含有する含フッ素重合体(A)(以下、「水酸基含有含フッ素重合体(A1)」という。)またはカルボキシ基を含有する含フッ素重合体(A)(以下、「カルボキシ基含有含フッ素重合体(A2)」という。)が特に好ましい。水酸基含有含フッ素重合体(A1)およびカルボキシ基含有含フッ素重合体(A2)は、水酸基またはカルボキシ基を含むため、粉体塗料用組成物が後述する硬化剤としてイソシアナート系硬化剤(特にブロック化イソシアナート系硬化剤)を含む場合に、硬化速度に優れる。また、たとえば酸化チタン顔料等を分散させやすく、高光沢の塗膜が得られる点で好ましい。
水酸基含有含フッ素重合体(A1)としては、フルオロオレフィン単位と、フルオロオレフィンと共重合可能な、水酸基を有する単量体(以下、「単量体(m1)」という。)に由来する単位と、必要に応じてフルオロオレフィンおよび単量体(m1)以外の単量体(以下、「単量体(m2)」という。)に由来する単位とを有する水酸基含有含フッ素重合体が好ましい。
水酸基を有する単量体としては、たとえば、アリルアルコール、ヒドロキシアルキルビニルエーテル(2-ヒドロキシエチルビニルエーテル、4-ヒドロキシブチルビニルエーテル、シクロヘキサンジオールモノビニルエーテル等)、ヒドロキシアルキルアリルエーテル(エチレングリコールモノアリルエーテル等)、ヒドロキシアルカン酸ビニル(ヒドロキシプロピオン酸ビニル等)、ヒドロキシアルキル(メタ)アクリレート(ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート等)等が挙げられる。
単量体(m1)は、1種を単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
ビニル系単量体としては、たとえば、ビニルエーテル、アリルエーテル、カルボン酸ビニル、カルボン酸アリル、オレフィン等が挙げられる。
アリルエーテルとしては、たとえば、アルキルアリルエーテル(エチルアリルエーテル、ヘキシルアリルエーテル等)が挙げられる。
カルボン酸アリルとしては、たとえば、カルボン酸(酢酸、酪酸、ピバリン酸、安息香酸、プロピオン酸等)のアリルエステルが挙げられる。
オレフィンとしては、たとえば、エチレン、プロピレン、イソブチレン等が挙げられる。
単量体(m2)としては、塗膜の柔軟性に優れる点からは、炭素数3以上の直鎖状または分岐状のアルキル基を有する、アルキルビニルエーテルやアルキルカルボン酸ビニルが好ましい。
単量体(m2)は、1種を単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
組み合わせ(1)
フルオロオレフィン:TFEまたはCTFE、
単量体(m1):ヒドロキシアルキルビニルエーテル、
単量体(m2):シクロアルキルビニルエーテル、アルキルビニルエーテルおよびアルキルカルボン酸ビニルから選ばれる1種以上。
組み合わせ(2)
フルオロオレフィン:CTFE、
単量体(m1):ヒドロキシアルキルビニルエーテル、
単量体(m2):CHVEおよびエチルビニルエーテル。
組み合わせ(3)
フルオロオレフィン:CTFE、
単量体(m1):ヒドロキシアルキルビニルエーテル、
単量体(m2):tert-ブチルビニルエーテルおよびピバリン酸ビニル。
組み合わせ(3)のように、水酸基含有含フッ素重合体(A1)がフルオロオレフィン単位とビニルエーテル単位とビニルエステル単位とを有し、フルオロオレフィンと(ビニルエーテル/ビニルエステル)との交互共重合性の高い共重合体である場合には、ビニルエーテルとしてtert-ブチルビニルエーテルを用いることにより、回転式レオメーターによる上記溶融粘度が上記範囲となる水酸基含有含フッ素重合体(A1)が得られやすい。
フルオロオレフィン単位が前記下限値以上であれば、塗膜の耐候性に優れる。フルオロオレフィン単位が前記上限値以下であれば、塗膜の防汚性、耐水性、耐酸性、耐アルカリ性がより優れる。
また、フルオロオレフィン単位の割合が上記範囲内であれば、回転式レオメーターによる上記溶融粘度が上記範囲の含フッ素重合体(A)が得られやすい。
また、単量体(m1)単位の割合が上記範囲内であれば、回転式レオメーターによる上記溶融粘度が上記範囲の含フッ素重合体(A)が得られやすい。
また、単量体(m2)単位の割合が上記範囲内であれば、回転式レオメーターによる上記溶融粘度が上記範囲の含フッ素重合体(A)が得られやすい。
なお、本明細書において、数平均分子量および質量平均分子量は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィ(GPC)法によってポリスチレン換算で求めた値である。
なお、本明細書において、ガラス転移温度は、示差走査熱量測定(DSC)法で測定した中間点ガラス転移温度である。
カルボキシ基含有含フッ素重合体(A2)は、たとえば、下記の方法によって得られる。
a.有機溶媒中、水酸基含有含フッ素重合体(A1)の水酸基と酸無水物とを反応させてエステル結合およびカルボキシル基を形成させる方法。
b.水酸基含有含フッ素重合体(A1)と酸無水物とを溶融混練し、水酸基含有含フッ素重合体(A1)の水酸基と酸無水物とを反応させてエステル結合およびカルボキシル基を形成させる方法。
粉体塗料用組成物中に未反応の原料(水酸基含有含フッ素重合体(A1)、酸無水物)が含まれる場合、未反応の原料は、カルボキシ基含有含フッ素重合体(A2)として取り扱う。
二塩基性酸無水物としては、無水コハク酸、無水グルタル酸、無水イタコン酸、無水1,2-シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸(ヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸)、無水cis-4-シクロヘキセン-1,2-ジカルボン酸、無水フタル酸、4-メチルヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸、無水1,8-ナフタル酸、無水マレイン酸等が挙げられる。
ビニル系単量体としては、たとえば、ビニルエーテル、アリルエーテル、カルボン酸ビニル、カルボン酸アリル、オレフィン、不飽和カルボン酸エステル等が挙げられる。
単量体(m4)は、1種を単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
組み合わせ(4)
フルオロオレフィン:TFEまたはCTFE、
単量体(m3):(メタ)アクリル酸、
単量体(m4):エチレングリコールモノアリルエーテル、カルボン酸ビニルおよび不飽和カルボン酸エステル。
組み合わせ(5)
フルオロオレフィン:CTFE、
単量体(m3):アクリル酸、
単量体(m4):エチレングリコールモノアリルエーテル、酢酸ビニル、バーサチック酸ビニルおよびアクリル酸メチル。
フルオロオレフィン単位が前記下限値以上であれば、塗膜の耐候性に優れる。フルオロオレフィン単位が前記上限値以下であれば、塗膜の防汚性、耐水性、耐酸性、耐アルカリ性がより優れる。
また、フルオロオレフィン単位の割合が上記範囲内であれば、回転式レオメーターによる上記溶融粘度が上記範囲となるカルボキシ基含有含フッ素重合体(A2)が得られやすい。
また、単量体(m3)単位の割合が上記範囲内であれば、回転式レオメーターによる上記溶融粘度が上記範囲となるカルボキシ基含有含フッ素重合体(A2)が得られやすい。
また、単量体(m4)単位の割合が上記範囲内であれば、回転式レオメーターによる上記溶融粘度が上記範囲となるカルボキシ基含有含フッ素重合体(A2)が得られやすい。
微粒子(B)は、シリカ(酸化ケイ素)、アルミナ(酸化アルミニウム)、チタニア(酸化チタン)、および酸化亜鉛から選択される少なくとも1種からなり、比表面積が10~500m2/gおよび平均一次粒子径が0.1~100nmの範囲にある。微粒子(B)は、シリカ微粒子、アルミナ微粒子、チタニア微粒子および酸化亜鉛微粒子のうちのいずれか1種からなっていても、これら微粒子の2種以上の混合物であってもよい。
なお、微粒子(B)は、後述の酸化物系の添加剤(無機系紫外線吸収剤、艶消し剤、着色顔料等)と同じ機能や特性を有するものであってもよい。ただし、本発明においては、微粒子(B)の範疇に含まれる微粒子は後述の添加剤からは除外するものとする。
これは以下の理由によるものと考えられる。
すなわち、粉体塗料用組成物を構成する粉体の各粒子の表面には、粉体塗料用組成物に含まれる微粒子(B)の少なくとも一部が存在する。このように各粒子の表面に微粒子(B)が存在することにより、各粒子間の摩擦抵抗が低下し、各粒子間の滑りがよくなると考えられる。そのため、塗装時に各粒子が密に充填され、表面の平滑性に優れた塗膜が形成されると考えられる。また、微粒子(B)の量が適度であるため、微粒子(B)に起因するブツやはじき等の外観不良も抑制されるものと考えられる。
微粒子(B)の平均一次粒子径は、上述のとおり0.1~100nmであり、0.5~90nmが好ましく、1.0~80nmがより好ましい。平均一次粒子径が上記範囲の下限値以上であると、微粒子(B)の凝集が抑制され、塗膜表面にブツが発生しにくくなり、外観が良好となる。また、上記範囲の上限値以下であれば、塗膜の強度が向上し、クラックが入りにくくなる。また、折り曲げ加工性も向上する。
本発明において、有機ケイ素化合物とは、ケイ素原子に結合した有機基(ケイ素原子に結合する末端原子が炭素原子であるもの)とケイ素元素に結合した水酸基または加水分解性基(水と反応して水酸基を生じる基)とを有するケイ素化合物をいう。有機ケイ素化合物は、有機基と加水分解性基とを有するケイ素化合物の部分加水分解縮合物であってもよい。
有機基としては、アルキル基やアルケニル基等の炭化水素基や、水酸基、カルボキシ基、アミノ基、アシルオキシ基等の反応性基を有する炭化水素基が挙げられる。加水分解性基としては、塩素原子、アルコキシ基等が挙げられる。
本発明の粉体塗料用組成物は、含フッ素重合体(A)以外の樹脂を含んでもよい。含フッ素重合体(A)以外の樹脂を以下「樹脂(C)」という。
樹脂(C)としては、非フッ素系の塗料用樹脂が好ましく、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、およびシリコーン樹脂から選択される少なくとも1種からなり、回転式レオメーターにより昇温速度10℃/分で測定した190℃の溶融粘度が0.1~10Pa・sの範囲にある樹脂がより好ましい。樹脂(C)の上記溶融粘度は、表面の平滑性に優れる塗膜が得られやすい点から、0.2~9Pa・sがより好ましく、0.3~8Pa・sが特に好ましい。
アクリル樹脂は、(メタ)アクリレート単位を有する重合体である。アクリル樹脂は、カルボキシ基、水酸基、スルホ基等の反応性基を有していてもよい。反応性基を有するアクリル樹脂は、粉体塗料用組成物が酸化チタン顔料等の顔料を含む場合、その分散性に優れる。
アクリル樹脂のガラス転移温度は、30~60℃が好ましい。ガラス転移温度が前記下限値以上であれば、塗膜がブロッキングしにくい。アクリル樹脂のガラス転移温度が前記上限値以下であれば、塗膜の表面平滑性がさらに優れる。
アクリル樹脂の質量平均分子量は、6,000~15万が好ましく、4万~15万がより好ましく、6万~15万が特に好ましい。アクリル樹脂の質量平均分子量が前記下限値以上であれば、塗膜がブロッキングしにくい。アクリル樹脂の質量平均分子量が前記上限値以下であれば、塗膜表面の平滑性がさらに優れる。
なお、非フッ素系樹脂において、水酸基価は、JIS K 1557-1:2007(ISO 14900:2001)、もしくは、JIS K 0070:1992に準じて行う。非フッ素系樹脂において、酸価は、JIS K 0070:1992、もしくは、JIS K 5601-2-1:1999に準じて行う。
ポリエステル樹脂としては、多価カルボン酸単位と多価アルコール単位とを有し、必要に応じてこれら2種の単位以外の単位(たとえば、ヒドロキシカルボン酸単位等)を有するものが挙げられる。
末端単位以外の単位は2価以上の単位からなり、線状重合体では、末端単位を除き、2価の単位のみからなる。すなわち、線状のポリエステル樹脂は、末端単位を除き、多価カルボン酸に由来する2価の単位、多価アルコールに由来する2価の単位等の2価の単位のみからなる。分岐状のポリエステル樹脂は少なくとも1個の3価以上の単位を有し、その3価以上の単位と末端単位以外は実質的に2価の単位のみからなる。
ポリエステル樹脂の水酸基価は、20~100mgKOH/gが好ましく、20~80mgKOH/gが特に好ましい。ポリエステル樹脂の酸価は、1~80mgKOH/gが好ましく、3~50mgKOH/gが特に好ましい。水酸基価および酸価の測定は、JIS K 0070:1992に準じて行う。
芳香環としては、ベンゼン環またはナフタレン環が好ましく、ベンゼン環が特に好ましい。ベンゼン環の場合は1分子に2個存在していてもよい。
芳香族多価カルボン酸におけるカルボキシ基の数は、2~4個が好ましく、2個が特に好ましい。
炭素数8~15の芳香族多価カルボン酸としては、たとえば、フタル酸、イソフタル酸、テレフタル酸、ナフタレンジカルボン酸、トリメリット酸、ピロメリット酸、フタル酸無水物等が挙げられる。
多価カルボン酸単位としては、塗膜の耐候性が優れる点から、イソフタル酸単位が好ましい。
炭素数2~10の多価アルコールとしては、たとえば、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、1,2-プロパンジオール、1,3-プロパンジオール、1,3-ブタンジオール、1,4-ブタンジオール、1,5-ペンタンジオール、ネオペンチルグリコール、スピログリコール、1,10-デカンジオール、1,4-シクロヘキサンジメタノール、トリメチロールエタン、トリメチロールプロパン、グリセリン、ペンタエリスリトール等が挙げられる。
多価アルコールとしては、ネオペンチルグリコール、1,2-ペンタンジオール、1,5-ペンタンジオール、トリメチロールプロパン等が好ましく、入手容易の点で、ネオペンチルグリコール、トリメチロールプロパンが特に好ましい。
・ダイセルオルネクス社製の「CRYLCOAT(商標) 4890-0」(5.2Pa・s)
・日本ユピカ社製の「ユピカコート(商品名)GV740」(1.69Pa・s)
・東洋紡社製の「バイロン(商品名)220」(0.55Pa・s)
・DSM社製の「URALAC(商品名) P6504」(3.06Pa・s)
ポリウレタン樹脂としては、市販品のなかから、上記溶融粘度が0.1~10Pa・sの範囲にある樹脂を選択して使用することができる。
エポキシ樹脂としては、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂、ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂等が挙げられ、市販品のなかから、上記溶融粘度が0.1~10Pa・sの範囲にある樹脂を選択して使用することができる。
シリコーン樹脂としては、市販品のなかから、上記溶融粘度が0.1~10Pa・sの範囲にある樹脂を選択して使用することができる。
本発明の粉体塗料用組成物は、含フッ素重合体(A)および樹脂(C)のうちの少なくとも一方が反応性基(水酸基、カルボキシ基等。)を有する場合に、硬化剤を含んでもよい。硬化剤は、該反応性基と反応して含フッ素重合体(A)や樹脂(C)を架橋したり高分子量化したりして硬化させる化合物である。硬化剤は、含フッ素重合体(A)および樹脂(C)が有する反応性基に反応し得る反応性基を2個以上有する。硬化剤の反応性基は、常温で含フッ素重合体(A)および樹脂(C)の反応性基に反応しやすいものは好ましくない点から、粉体塗料用組成物からなる粉体を含有する粉体塗料が加熱溶融された際に反応し得る反応性基であることが好ましい。たとえば、常温で高い反応性基を有するイソシアナート基よりもブロック化イソシアナート基が好ましい。ブロック化イソシアナート基は、粉体塗料が加熱溶融された際にブロック剤が脱離してイソシアナート基となり、該イソシアナート基が反応性基として作用する。
基材との密着性、塗装後の製品の加工性、塗膜の耐水性に優れる点から、水酸基基含有含フッ素重合体(A1)の場合、ブロック化イソシアナート系硬化剤が特に好ましい。カルボキシ基含有含フッ素重合体(A2)の場合、硬化剤としては、β-ヒドロキシアルキルアミド系硬化剤、トリグリシジルイソシアヌレート系硬化剤が好ましい。
硬化剤は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
ブロック化イソシアナート系硬化剤としては、脂肪族、芳香族または芳香脂肪族のジイソシアナートと活性水素を有する低分子化合物とを反応させて得たポリイソシアナートを、ブロック剤と反応させ、マスキングすることによって製造したものが好ましい。
粉体塗料用組成物は、必要に応じて硬化触媒を含んでもよい。硬化触媒は、硬化反応を促進し、塗膜に良好な化学性能および物理性能を付与するものである。
ブロック化イソシアナート系硬化剤を用いる場合、硬化触媒としては、スズ触媒(オクチル酸スズ、トリブチルスズラウレート、ジブチルスズジラウレート等)が好ましい。硬化触媒は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
粉体塗料用組成物は、必要に応じて、紫外線吸収剤、顔料等の各種添加剤(ただし、含フッ素重合体(A)、微粒子(B)および樹脂(C)のいずれにも該当しないもの。)の1種以上を他の成分として含んでよい。
紫外線吸収剤は、1種を単独で用いても、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
有機系紫外線吸収剤としては、分子量が200~1,000である化合物が好ましい。分子量が200以上であれば、塗膜を形成する過程で揮発しにくく、塗膜中に残存できる。分子量が1,000以下であれば、塗膜中に分散しやすい。
無機系紫外線吸収剤としては、酸化亜鉛と酸化チタンの複合粒子、酸化セリウムと酸化チタンの複合粒子、酸化亜鉛と酸化セリウムの複合粒子、酸化チタンと酸化亜鉛と酸化セリウムの複合粒子等が好ましい。
なお、これら紫外線吸収性酸化物の粒子は微粒子(B)とは異なるものであって、微粒子(B)と同じ材料からなる紫外線吸収性酸化物の場合、その比表面積は10~500m2/gの範囲以外であるものか、その平均一次粒子径は0.1~100nmの範囲以外であるものである。
なお、顔料の粒子は微粒子(B)とは異なるものであって、微粒子(B)と同じ材料からなる顔料の場合、その比表面積は10~500m2/gの範囲以外であるものか、その平均一次粒子径は0.1~100nmの範囲以外であるものである。
粉体塗料用組成物が樹脂(C)を含む場合、含フッ素重合体(A)と樹脂(C)の質量比(A)/(C)は、90/10~10/90が好ましく、80/20~20/80がより好ましく、40/60~20/80が特に好ましい。質量比が上記範囲内であれば、形成される塗膜の耐候性が優れるとともに、塗膜のコストを抑えることができる。
硬化剤がブロック化イソシアネート系硬化剤の場合、粉体塗料用組成物中のブロック化イソシアネート系硬化剤の含有量は、粉体塗料用組成物中の水酸基に対するイソシアネート基のモル比が0.05~1.5となる量が好ましく、0.8~1.2となる量が特に好ましい。該モル比が上記下限値以上であれば、塗料の硬化度が高くなり、塗膜の硬度、耐薬品性等が優れる。該モル比が上記上限値以下であれば、塗膜が脆くなりにくく、しかも、塗膜の耐熱性、耐薬品性、耐湿性等が優れる。
粉体塗料用組成物は、公知の方法で製造できる。
具体的には、含フッ素重合体(A)と、微粒子(B)と、必要に応じて配合される樹脂(C)、硬化剤、硬化触媒および各種添加剤とを、高速ミキサ、V型ミキサ、反転ミキサ等で混合してすることにより、粉体塗料用組成物が得られる。各成分は、あらかじめ粉砕して粉末状にしておくことが好ましい。
本発明の粉体塗料は、本発明の粉体塗料用組成物からなる粉体を含む。本発明の粉体塗料は、本発明の粉体塗料用組成物からなる粉体を50質量%以上含むことが好ましく、70質量%以上含むことが好ましく、該粉体の100質量%からなるものであってもよい。
本発明の粉体塗料に含まれる、本発明の粉体塗料用組成物からなる粉体以外の成分としては、先に、粉体塗料用組成物が必要に応じて含んでもよい成分として例示した、他の成分の1種以上等が挙げられる。
本発明の塗装物品は、基材の表面に、本発明の粉体塗料から形成された塗膜を有するものであって、本発明の粉体塗料を基材に塗装し、粉体塗料の溶融物からなる溶融状態の塗膜を形成した後、これを冷却する方法により形成できる。粉体塗料中の成分が反応性を有する場合には、硬化反応が起こる。
粉体塗料が反応性を有する場合、該粉体塗料が加熱溶融されるとほぼ同時に、反応性の成分の硬化反応が開始するため、粉体塗料の加熱溶融と基材への付着は、ほぼ同時に行うか、粉体塗料の基材への付着の後に粉体塗料の加熱溶融を行う必要がある。
基材の材質としては、軽量で、防食性および強度に優れる点から、アルミニウムが好ましい。
基材の形状、サイズ等は、特に限定はされない。
冷却は、急冷および徐冷のいずれでもよい。
塗膜の厚さは、20~1,000μmが好ましく、20~500μmがより好ましく、20~300μmが特に好ましいが、塗膜に要求される耐候性等に応じて、適宜設定できる。
塗膜の60°光沢度は、たとえば、粉体塗料用組成物に配合する微粒子(B)の種類および配合量を調整する方法、樹脂(C)の種類および配合量を調整する方法(溶解性パラメータ(SP値)差を利用する。)、艶消し剤(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン微粒子(たとえば、クラリアント社製「セリダスト9205F」)、シリコーン樹脂微粒子(たとえば、モメンティブ社製「トスパール145」。))を配合する方法等によりコントロールできる。
本明細書において、60°光沢度は、JIS Z8741に基づく。
特に本発明の塗装物品は、本発明の粉体塗料により形成され、ブツやはじき等の外観不良がなく、かつ、表面の平滑性にも優れた塗膜を有しているため、高層ビル外装材等のような塗装面積の広い用途にも好適に使用できる。
なお、以下の例のうち、例1~4は実施例で、例5~8は比較例である。
[各種測定方法]
(含フッ素重合体(A)の共重合組成)
1H-NMRおよび13C-NMRにより求めた。
(溶融粘度)
190℃における溶融粘度は、回転式レオメーター(アントンパール・ジャパン社製、レオメータMCR302)を用いて、以下の条件で測定した値である。
温度:130℃から200℃まで昇温し、190℃の溶融粘度を測定
昇温速度:10℃/分
周波数:1Hz
(ガラス転移温度(Tg))
ガラス転移温度(Tg)は、示差熱量測定装置(DSC)により測定した値である。
(数平均分子量(Mn))
数平均分子量(Mn)は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィ法(GPC)によりポリスチレン換算で求めた値である。
内容積2500mLのステンレス鋼製撹拌機付きオートクレーブに、シクロヘキシルビニルエーテル(CHVE)の210.7g、ヒドロキシブチルビニルエーテル(HBVE)の282.1g、エチルビニルエーテル(EVE)の122.0g、キシレンの647.2g、エタノールの168.8g、炭酸カリウムの11.0g、tert-ブチルパーオキシピバレート(PBPV)の50質量%キシレン溶液の7.0g、およびクロロトリフルオロエチレン(CTFE)の680.0gを導入した。次いで徐々に昇温し、55℃に達した後、20時間保持した。その後65℃に昇温し5時間保持した。その後冷却し、ろ過を行って残渣を除去し、含フッ素重合体(A-1)のキシレン溶液を得た。
得られた該キシレン溶液を薄膜蒸発し、固形分濃度99.5質量%になるまで乾燥を行った。
こうして得られた乾燥後の含フッ素重合体(A-1)の共重合組成は、CTFE単位/HBVE単位/CHVE単位/EVE単位=50/20/15/15(モル%)であった。また、含フッ素重合体(A-1)は、ガラス転移温度(Tg)が34℃、数平均分子量(Mn)が7,000、190℃における溶融粘度が0.7Pa・sであった。
内容積2500mLのステンレス鋼製撹拌機付きオートクレーブに、tert-ブチルビニルエーテル(t-BuVE)の104.0g、ヒドロキシブチルビニルエーテル(HBVE)の132.0g、ピバリン酸ビニル(VPV)の385.0g、キシレンの555.0g、エタノールの157.0g、炭酸カリウムの11.0g、tert-ブチルパーオキシピバレート(PBPV)の50質量%キシレン溶液の7.0g、およびクロロトリフルオロエチレン(CTFE)の630.0gを導入した。次いで徐々に昇温し、55℃に達した後、20時間保持した。その後65℃に昇温し5時間保持した。その後冷却し、ろ過を行って残渣を除去し、含フッ素重合体(A-2)のキシレン溶液を得た。
得られたキシレン溶液を薄膜蒸発し、固形分濃度99.5質量%になるまで乾燥を行った。
こうして得られた乾燥後の含フッ素重合体(A-2)の共重合組成は、CTFE単位/HBVE単位/t-BuVE単位/VPV単位=50/11/6/33(モル%)であった。また、含フッ素重合体(A-2)は、ガラス転移温度(Tg)が56℃、数平均分子量(Mn)が12,000、190℃における溶融粘度が7.8Pa・sであった。
内容積2500mLのステンレス鋼製撹拌機付きオートクレーブに、エチレングリコールモノアリルエーテルの114.0g、ビニルアセテートの211.5g、バーサチック酸ビニルの332.0g、アクリル酸メチルの76.8g、アクリル酸の40.3g、キシレンの647.2g、エタノールの168.8g、炭酸カリウムの11.0g、tert-ブチルパーオキシピバレート(PBPV)の50質量%キシレン溶液の7.0g、およびクロロトリフルオロエチレン(CTFE)の520.2gを導入した。次いで徐々に昇温し、55℃に達した後、20時間保持した。その後65℃に昇温し5時間保持した。その後冷却し、ろ過を行って残渣を除去し、含フッ素重合体(A-3)のキシレン溶液を得た。
得られたキシレン溶液を薄膜蒸発し、固形分濃度99.5質量%になるまで乾燥を行った。
こうして得られた乾燥後の含フッ素重合体(A-3)の共重合組成は、CTFE単位/エチレングリコールモノアリルエーテル単位/ビニルアセテート単位/バーサチック酸ビニル単位/アクリル酸メチル単位/アクリル酸単位=41/10/22/15/7.5/4.5(モル%)であった。また、含フッ素重合体(A-3)は、ガラス転移温度(Tg)が35℃、数平均分子量(Mn)が10,000、190℃における溶融粘度が3.4Pa・sであった。
内容積2500mLのステンレス鋼製撹拌機付きオートクレーブに、シクロヘキシルビニルエーテル(CHVE)の512.0g、ヒドロキシブチルビニルエーテル(HBVE)の133.0g、キシレンの558.0g、エタノールの157.0g、炭酸カリウムの11.0g、tert-ブチルパーオキシピバレート(PBPV)の50質量%キシレン溶液の7.0g、およびクロロトリフルオロエチレン(CTFE)の630.0gを導入した。次いで徐々に昇温し、55℃に達した後、20時間保持した。その後65℃に昇温し5時間保持した。その後冷却し、ろ過を行って残渣を除去し、含フッ素重合体(A-4)のキシレン溶液を得た。
得られたキシレン溶液を薄膜蒸発し、固形分濃度99.5質量%になるまで乾燥を行った。
こうして得られた乾燥後の含フッ素重合体(A-4)の共重合組成は、CTFE単位/HBVE単位/CHVE単位=50/11/39(モル%)であった。また、含フッ素重合体(A-4)は、ガラス転移温度(Tg)が54℃、数平均分子量(Mn)が10,000、190℃における溶融粘度が27.6Pa・sであった。
(微粒子(B))
市販の下記シリカ微粒子(B-1)を入手して使用した。
製品名「AEROSIL(登録商標) R972」(エボニック社製)
BET法による比表面積:110m2/g
平均一次粒子径:16nm
表面処理:ジメチルジクロロシラン(シリカ微粒子100質量%中、1.0質量%)
市販の下記ポリエステル樹脂(C-1)を入手して使用した。
製品名「CRYLCOAT(登録商標) 4890-0」(ダイセルオルネクス社製、構成単位(モル比):ネオペンチルグリコール単位/イソフタル酸単位=1/1)
質量平均分子量(Mw):4,400
数平均分子量(Mn):2,500
水酸基価:30mgKOH/g
190℃における溶融粘度:5.2Pa・s
硬化剤(D-1):ブロック化イソシアネート系硬化剤(エボニック社製「ベスタゴン(登録商標) B1530」)
(硬化触媒)
硬化触媒(E-1):ジブチルスズジラウレートのキシレン溶液(10,000倍希釈品)
酸化チタン顔料:タイピュアR960(商品名、デュポン社製、酸化チタン含有量:89質量%、平均一次粒子径は100nmを超え、微粒子(B)には該当しない。)
脱ガス剤:ベンゾイン
表面調整剤A:ビックケミー社製、商品名:BYK-360P
表面調整剤B:ビックケミー社製、商品名:CERAFLOUR 960(マイクロナイズド変性アマイドワックス、融点:145℃)
表1に記載の全成分を、高速ミキサー(佑崎有限公司社製)を用いて、10~30分程度混合し、粉末状の混合物(粉体塗料用組成物)を得た。該粉体塗料用組成物を2軸押出し機(サーモプリズム社製、16mm押出し機)を用いて、120℃のバレル設定温度にて溶融混練を行い、ペレットを得た。該ペレットを粉砕機(FRITSCH社製、製品名:ロータースピードミルP14)を用いて常温で粉砕し、150メッシュによる分級を行い、平均粒子径が約40μmの粉体塗料用組成物からなる粉体を得た。なお、表1に記載の各成分の量は、正味量であり、また、微粒子(B)の量については含フッ素重合体(A)100質量部に対する質量部も表1に示す。
粉体塗料用組成物からなる粉体の平均粒子径は、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定機(Sympatec社製、製品名:Helos-Rodos)で測定し、50%平均体積粒度分布により求めた値である。
得られた粉体塗料用組成物からなる粉体を粉体塗料として用いて、後述のように硬化膜(塗膜)を得て、各種評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
(試験片の作成)
上記粉体塗料を用い、クロメート処理を行ったアルミニウム板(基材)の一面に、静電塗装機(小野田セメント社製、商品名:GX3600C)を用いて静電塗装を行い、200℃雰囲気中で20分間保持し、次いで、放置して室温まで冷却し、厚さ55~65μmの硬化膜付きアルミニウム板を得た。得られた硬化膜付きアルミニウム板を試験片として以下の試験を実施した。結果を表1に示す。
塗膜表面の状態を目視し、以下の基準で判定した。
○(良好):塗膜上に、ブツや、はじきや、塗れ性の不良等が確認されなかった。
×(不良):塗膜上に、ブツや、はじきや、塗れ性の不良等が確認された。
PCI(パウダーコーティングインスティチュート)により、塗膜の平滑性目視判定用標準板を用いて判定した。標準板は、1~10の10種類があり、数字が大きくなるに従い、平滑性に優れる。
鏡面光沢計(日本電色工業社製、PG-1M)を用いて、入射及び反射角60゜で塗膜表面の光沢度を測定した。
一方で、微粒子(B)を含まない粉体塗料用組成物、190℃における溶融粘度が好適な範囲内にない含フッ素重合体(A)を含む粉体塗料用組成物からなる粉体で形成された塗膜は、外観には優れるものの、表面の平滑性に劣った。また、微粒子(B)を過剰に含む粉体塗料用組成物からなる粉体から形成された塗膜は、外観も劣った。
なお、2014年10月31日に出願された日本特許出願2014-223705号の明細書、特許請求の範囲および要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の明細書の開示として、取り入れるものである。
Claims (12)
- 回転式レオメーターにより昇温速度10℃/分で測定した190℃の溶融粘度が、0.1~25Pa・sの範囲にある、フルオロオレフィンに由来する単位を有する含フッ素重合体と、
シリカ、アルミナ、チタニア、および酸化亜鉛から選択される少なくとも1種からなり、比表面積が10~500m2/g、および平均一次粒子径が0.1~100nmの範囲にある微粒子とを含み、
前記含フッ素重合体の100質量部に対して、前記微粒子を0.01~10質量部含有することを特徴とする粉体塗料用組成物。 - 前記含フッ素重合体が水酸基またはカルボキシ基を有する含フッ素重合体である、請求項1に記載の粉体塗料用組成物。
- 前記微粒子が、有機ケイ素化合物により表面処理されている、請求項1または2に記載の粉体塗料用組成物。
- 前記微粒子の平均一次粒子径が0.5~90nmの範囲にある、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の粉体塗料用組成物。
- 前記含フッ素重合体以外の樹脂をさらに含む、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の粉体塗料用組成物。
- 前記含フッ素重合体以外の樹脂が、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、およびシリコーン樹脂から選択される少なくとも1種からなり、かつ、回転式レオメーターにより昇温速度10℃/分で測定した190℃の溶融粘度が0.1~10Pa・sの範囲にある、請求項5に記載の粉体塗料用組成物。
- 前記含フッ素重合体以外の樹脂が、水酸基またはカルボキシ基を有するポリエステル樹脂である、請求項5または6に記載の粉体塗料用組成物。
- 硬化剤、硬化触媒、紫外線吸収剤または顔料をさらに含む、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の粉体塗料用組成物。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の粉体塗料用組成物からなる粉体を含む、粉体塗料。
- 基材の表面に、請求項9に記載の粉体塗料から形成された塗膜を有する、塗装物品。
- 前記塗膜の60°光沢度が、10~90°である、請求項10に記載の塗装物品。
- 前記基材の材質がアルミニウムである、請求項10または11に記載の塗装物品。
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2015
- 2015-10-29 EP EP15854626.7A patent/EP3219768B1/en active Active
- 2015-10-29 CN CN201580058998.3A patent/CN107109096A/zh active Pending
- 2015-10-29 JP JP2016556636A patent/JPWO2016068255A1/ja active Pending
- 2015-10-29 WO PCT/JP2015/080605 patent/WO2016068255A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2015-10-30 TW TW104135798A patent/TW201623470A/zh unknown
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2017
- 2017-04-03 US US15/477,679 patent/US20170204274A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2018162413A (ja) * | 2017-03-27 | 2018-10-18 | Agc株式会社 | 粉体塗料 |
| JP2018162416A (ja) * | 2017-03-27 | 2018-10-18 | Agc株式会社 | 粉体塗料 |
| JP2019104171A (ja) * | 2017-12-12 | 2019-06-27 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 金属−樹脂積層体 |
| JP7082870B2 (ja) | 2017-12-12 | 2022-06-09 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 金属-樹脂積層体 |
| CN108841235A (zh) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-11-20 | 深圳市容大感光科技股份有限公司 | 抗氧阻并提高光固化油墨表面固化程度的组合物及应用 |
| WO2019240186A1 (ja) * | 2018-06-12 | 2019-12-19 | Agc株式会社 | 粉体塗料、その製造方法、塗膜付き基材の製造方法及び塗装物品 |
| JP2020094086A (ja) * | 2018-12-10 | 2020-06-18 | Agcコーテック株式会社 | 塗料、タービンが有するブレード、航空機の翼 |
| JP7210258B2 (ja) | 2018-12-10 | 2023-01-23 | Agcコーテック株式会社 | 塗料、タービンが有するブレード、航空機の翼 |
| JP2022108958A (ja) * | 2021-01-14 | 2022-07-27 | 日本アエロジル株式会社 | 気相法アルミナ微粒子、気相法アルミナ微粒子を含有する樹脂組成物及び気相法アルミナ微粒子の製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107109096A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
| JPWO2016068255A1 (ja) | 2017-09-14 |
| EP3219768A4 (en) | 2018-04-04 |
| TW201623470A (zh) | 2016-07-01 |
| US20170204274A1 (en) | 2017-07-20 |
| EP3219768B1 (en) | 2019-08-21 |
| EP3219768A1 (en) | 2017-09-20 |
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