WO2015121916A1 - 永久磁石、永久磁石の製造方法、spmモータ及びspmモータの製造方法 - Google Patents
永久磁石、永久磁石の製造方法、spmモータ及びspmモータの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K15/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
- H02K15/02—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies
- H02K15/03—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies having permanent magnets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
- B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
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- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/006—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of flat products, e.g. sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
- B22F5/106—Tube or ring forms
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0273—Imparting anisotropy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/041—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by mechanical alloying, e.g. blending, milling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2202/00—Treatment under specific physical conditions
- B22F2202/05—Use of magnetic field
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/35—Iron
- B22F2301/355—Rare Earth - Fe intermetallic alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2302/00—Metal Compound, non-Metallic compound or non-metal composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2302/45—Others, including non-metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2303/00—Functional details of metal or compound in the powder or product
- B22F2303/40—Layer in a composite stack of layers, workpiece or article
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C2202/00—Physical properties
- C22C2202/02—Magnetic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a permanent magnet, a method for manufacturing the permanent magnet, an SPM motor using the permanent magnet, and a method for manufacturing the SPM motor.
- a powder sintering method is generally used conventionally.
- the powder sintering method first, magnet powder obtained by pulverizing raw materials by a jet mill (dry pulverization) or the like is manufactured. Thereafter, the magnet powder is put into a mold and press-molded into a desired shape. Then, it is manufactured by sintering the solid magnet powder formed into a desired shape at a predetermined temperature (for example, 1100 ° C. for Nd—Fe—B magnets) (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-266503).
- a predetermined temperature for example, 1100 ° C. for Nd—Fe—B magnets
- permanent magnets are magnetically oriented by applying a magnetic field from the outside in order to improve magnetic characteristics.
- a magnet powder is filled into a mold at the time of press molding, and a magnetic field is applied to orient the magnetic field, and then pressure is applied to form a compacted compact.
- a magnet was molded by applying pressure in an atmosphere to which a magnetic field was applied. Accordingly, it is possible to form a molded body in which the easy magnetization (C-axis) direction of each magnet particle constituting the permanent magnet is aligned with the magnetic field application direction.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an ideal magnetic flux density distribution of radial anisotropic and polar anisotropic anisotropic magnets. Therefore, if the polar anisotropic magnet is applied to, for example, a magnet for a motor, there is an advantage that the driving force of the motor can be improved, the cogging torque can be limited, and the driving control of the motor can be performed accurately.
- JP-A-2-266503 (page 5) Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-44820 (pages 6-8)
- the orientation cannot be sufficiently performed, and the variation in the orientation degree increases due to the filling variation in the cavity.
- the variation in residual magnetic flux density also increases, so the sinusoidal magnetic flux density distribution characteristic of polar anisotropic ring magnets cannot be obtained, and the cogging torque reduction, which is the purpose of using polar anisotropic magnets, is achieved. I could n’t.
- the magnetic flux density distribution of the polar anisotropic ring magnet is shown in FIG. 13 by performing magnetic field orientation using a special mold in a magnetic field in which a plurality of coils are arranged along the cavity surface. It has been proposed to approximate a sine wave shape.
- the conventional magnet manufacturing method there is a limit to approaching an ideal sine wave shape, resulting in a substantially trapezoidal distribution as shown in FIG.
- the magnetic flux portion between the substantially trapezoidal shape and the sine wave shape is a portion that does not contribute to torque when, for example, a polar anisotropic ring magnet is used in an SPM motor. Therefore, the motor efficiency is reduced.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and even an anisotropic magnet such as a polar anisotropic magnet that needs to align the easy axis of magnetization with a complicated shape has a magnetic field orientation. It is an object of the present invention to provide a permanent magnet and a method for manufacturing a permanent magnet that can simplify the process and improve the degree of orientation, and an SPM motor using the permanent magnet and a method for manufacturing the SPM motor.
- a permanent magnet includes a step of pulverizing a magnet raw material into magnet powder, a step of producing a mixture in which the pulverized magnet powder and a binder are mixed, and the mixture into a sheet form. Forming a green sheet, applying a magnetic field to the green sheet, orienting the magnetic field, and laminating and fixing the magnetically oriented green sheets in a deformed state. And a step of cutting and forming the plurality of laminated green sheets into a desired shape, and a step of sintering by holding the green sheet formed into the desired shape at a firing temperature. It is characterized by that.
- the binder is made of a thermoplastic resin, and the residue of the green sheet generated by the step of cutting and forming the green sheet into a desired shape is heated to It is characterized by regenerating into a mixture.
- the permanent magnet according to the present invention is oriented in the in-plane direction of the green sheet in the step of magnetic field orientation, and is magnetically oriented in the step of cutting the green sheet into a desired shape.
- a plurality of sheets are stacked and fixed in a curved state so that the cross section in the thickness direction has an arc shape.
- the desired shape is a fan shape, and a plurality of sintered bodies sintered by the sintering step or a plurality of molded bodies before being sintered by the sintering step.
- a plurality of sintered bodies sintered by the sintering step or a plurality of molded bodies before being sintered by the sintering step. Are arranged in an annular shape to form a polar anisotropic ring magnet in which the easy axis of magnetization is oriented anisotropically.
- the SPM motor according to the present invention is characterized in that any one of the above permanent magnets is arranged on the rotor surface.
- the method for producing a permanent magnet includes a step of pulverizing a magnet raw material into magnet powder, a step of generating a mixture in which the pulverized magnet powder and a binder are mixed, and the mixture into a sheet shape.
- a step of forming a green sheet, a step of magnetic field orientation by applying a magnetic field to the green sheet, a plurality of the green sheets that are magnetically oriented are stacked and fixed in a deformed state.
- the binder is made of a thermoplastic resin, and the remaining green sheet generated by the step of cutting and forming the green sheet into a desired shape is heated. The residue is regenerated into the mixture.
- the green sheet in the step of aligning the magnetic field, is aligned in the in-plane direction, and in the step of cutting the green sheet into a desired shape, the magnetic field is aligned.
- a plurality of the green sheets are stacked and fixed in a curved state so that a cross section in the thickness direction has an arc shape.
- the desired shape is a sector shape, and a plurality of sintered bodies sintered by the sintering process or a plurality of sintered bodies before being sintered by the sintering process.
- the molded body is arranged in an annular shape to form a polar anisotropic ring magnet having an easy axis of magnetization oriented anisotropically.
- the SPM motor manufacturing method according to the present invention is characterized in that the permanent magnet manufactured by any one of the above manufacturing methods is disposed on the rotor surface.
- the permanent magnet according to the present invention having the above-described configuration, various forms of permanent magnets in which easy axes of magnetization are aligned in an arbitrary direction can be obtained by appropriately setting the lamination mode of the green sheets and the cutting mode of the laminated green sheets.
- a magnet can be easily realized.
- the magnetic field orientation process can be simplified.
- the degree of orientation can be improved without rotation of the magnet particles after orientation as compared with the case of using compacting or the like.
- the permanent magnet of the present invention even when a plurality of stacked green sheets are cut into a complicated shape, the remaining portion generated by cutting is reproduced as a part of the green sheet. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a decrease in yield.
- the permanent magnet according to the present invention it is possible to easily align the easy magnetization axes along the arc by laminating the green sheets in a curved state.
- a polar anisotropic ring magnet having an easy axis of magnetization oriented anisotropically can be easily formed by arranging a plurality of sintered bodies or molded bodies in an annular shape. It becomes possible. In addition, it is possible to realize a magnetic flux density distribution having an ideal sine wave shape as compared with the conventional case.
- the SPM motor according to the present invention it is possible to realize higher torque, smaller size, lower torque ripple, and higher efficiency of the motor as compared with the conventional motor.
- various forms with the easy axis of magnetization aligned in an arbitrary direction can be set by appropriately setting the lamination mode of the green sheets and the cutting mode of the laminated green sheets.
- a permanent magnet can be easily manufactured. For example, even in the case of manufacturing an anisotropic magnet that needs to align the easy axis of magnetization in a complicated shape such as a polar anisotropic magnet, the magnetic field orientation process can be simplified.
- the degree of orientation can be improved without rotation of the magnet particles after orientation as compared with the case of using compacting or the like.
- the method for manufacturing a permanent magnet according to the present invention even when a plurality of stacked green sheets are cut into a complicated shape, the remaining portion generated by cutting is used as a part of the green sheet. Since reproduction is possible, it is possible to prevent a decrease in yield.
- a polar anisotropic ring magnet having an easy axis of magnetization oriented in an anisotropic direction can be easily obtained by arranging a plurality of sintered bodies or molded bodies in an annular shape. Can be formed.
- FIG. 1 is an overall view showing a permanent magnet according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing a sintered member constituting the permanent magnet.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the easy axis of magnetization of the sintered member.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a manufacturing process of the permanent magnet according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a green sheet forming process, in particular, of the manufacturing process of the permanent magnet according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing a heating process and a magnetic field orientation process, in particular, a green sheet heating process among the manufacturing processes of the permanent magnet according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is an overall view showing a permanent magnet according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing a sintered member constituting the permanent magnet.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the easy axis of magnetization of the sintered member.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a manufacturing process
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example in which the magnetic field is oriented in the in-plane vertical direction of the green sheet.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a temperature raising mode in the calcining step, among the manufacturing steps of the permanent magnet according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a view showing an SPM motor in which permanent magnets are arranged on the rotor surface.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a modification of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a modification of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a modification of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the problems of the prior art.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining the problems of the prior art.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining the problems of the prior art.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining the problems of the prior art.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining the problems of the prior art.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining the
- FIG. 1 is an overall view showing a permanent magnet 1 according to the present invention.
- the permanent magnet 1 according to the present invention is a polar anisotropic ring magnet having an annular shape.
- the following example demonstrates the example which used the permanent magnet 1 as the polar anisotropic ring magnet, about the shape and orientation of the permanent magnet 1, it changes with the deformation
- the permanent magnet 1 is made of an Nd—Fe—B magnet.
- the content of each component is Nd: 27 to 40 wt%, B: 0.8 to 2 wt%, and Fe (electrolytic iron): 60 to 70 wt%.
- other elements such as Dy, Tb, Co, Cu, Al, Si, Ga, Nb, V, Pr, Mo, Zr, Ta, Ti, W, Ag, Bi, Zn, and Mg are added. May contain a small amount.
- the permanent magnet 1 is constituted by a plurality of fan-shaped (segment-type) sintered members 2 which are combined with each other in an annular shape, fixed to each other with resin, and then magnetized.
- the number of the sintered members 2 is a number corresponding to the number of poles of the permanent magnet 1. For example, when the number of poles of the permanent magnet 1 is eight, as shown in FIG. Consists of
- each sintered member 2 constituting the permanent magnet 1 is formed by laminating a plurality of green sheets 3 as shown in FIG.
- the green sheet 3 is formed by stacking and fixing a plurality of sheets in a curved state so that the cross section in the thickness direction has an arc shape.
- the green sheet 3 is a thin film sheet member having a thickness of, for example, 0.05 mm to 10 mm (for example, 1 mm). And it is produced by shape
- the green sheet 3 is oriented in the in-plane direction in the magnetic field orientation process as will be described later. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the easy magnetization axis (C axis) of the sintered member 2 is formed in an arc shape along the in-plane direction of the green sheet 3, and as a result, the permanent member that combines the sintered members 2 is formed.
- the orientation of the magnet 1 has polar anisotropy as shown in FIG.
- the permanent magnet 1 when the permanent magnet 1 is produced by green sheet molding, a resin, a long-chain hydrocarbon, a fatty acid ester, a mixture thereof, or the like is used as the binder mixed with the magnet powder. Furthermore, when a resin is used for the binder, it is preferable to use a polymer that does not contain an oxygen atom in the structure and has a depolymerization property. Moreover, in order to reuse the residue of the green sheet 3 produced when the laminated green sheets 3 are cut into a desired shape (for example, a fan shape) as described later, the green sheet 3 is heated and softened. In order to perform magnetic field orientation in a state, a thermoplastic resin is used.
- the polymer which consists of 1 type, or 2 or more types of polymers or copolymers chosen from the monomer shown by the following general formula (1) corresponds.
- R1 and R2 represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a phenyl group or a vinyl group.
- polystyrene resin examples include polyisobutylene (PIB), which is a polymer of isobutylene, polyisoprene (isoprene rubber, IR), which is a polymer of isoprene, and polybutadiene (butadiene) that is a polymer of 1,3-butadiene.
- PIB polyisobutylene
- IR polyisoprene rubber
- IR isoprene rubber
- IR isoprene rubber
- butadiene butadiene
- Rubber, BR polystyrene as a polymer of styrene, styrene-isoprene block copolymer (SIS) as a copolymer of styrene and isoprene, butyl rubber (IIR) as a copolymer of isobutylene and isoprene, styrene and butadiene
- SIS styrene-isoprene block copolymer
- IIR butyl rubber
- SBS styrene-butadiene block copolymer which is a copolymer of 2-methyl-1-pentene, a polymer of 2-methyl-1-pentene, and a polymer of 2-methyl-1-butene.
- a 2-methyl-1-butene polymer resin a polymer of ⁇ -methylstyrene That there is ⁇ - methyl styrene polymer resin.
- the resin used for the binder may include a small amount of a polymer or copolymer of a monomer containing an oxygen atom (for example, polybutyl methacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, etc.).
- a monomer that does not correspond to the general formula (1) may be partially copolymerized. Even in that case, it is possible to achieve the object of the present invention.
- thermoplastic resin that softens at 250 ° C. or lower, more specifically a thermoplastic resin having a glass transition point or a melting point of 250 ° C. or lower in order to appropriately perform magnetic field orientation. .
- a long chain hydrocarbon when used for the binder, it is preferable to use a long chain saturated hydrocarbon (long chain alkane) that is solid at room temperature and liquid at room temperature or higher. Specifically, it is preferable to use a long-chain saturated hydrocarbon having 18 or more carbon atoms. Then, when the green sheet is magnetically oriented as will be described later, the green sheet is heated and softened at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the long-chain hydrocarbon, and magnetic field orientation is performed.
- a long chain saturated hydrocarbon long chain alkane
- a fatty acid ester when used as the binder, it is also preferable to use methyl stearate or methyl docosanoate which is solid at room temperature and liquid at room temperature or higher. Then, when the green sheet is magnetically oriented as will be described later, the green sheet is heated and softened at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the fatty acid ester to perform the magnetic field orientation.
- the amount of carbon and oxygen contained in the magnet can be reduced.
- the amount of carbon remaining in the magnet after sintering is 2000 ppm or less, more preferably 1000 ppm or less.
- the amount of oxygen remaining in the magnet after sintering is set to 5000 ppm or less, more preferably 2000 ppm or less.
- the amount of the binder added is an amount that appropriately fills the gaps between the magnet particles in order to improve the thickness accuracy of the sheet when the slurry or the heated and melted compound is formed into a sheet.
- the ratio of the binder to the total amount of magnet powder and binder is 1 wt% to 40 wt%, more preferably 2 wt% to 30 wt%, and even more preferably 3 wt% to 20 wt%.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a manufacturing process of the permanent magnet 1 according to the present embodiment.
- an ingot made of a predetermined fraction of Nd—Fe—B (eg, Nd: 32.7 wt%, Fe (electrolytic iron): 65.96 wt%, B: 1.34 wt%) is manufactured. Thereafter, the ingot is roughly pulverized to a size of about 200 ⁇ m by a stamp mill or a crusher. Alternatively, the ingot is melted, flakes are produced by strip casting, and coarsely pulverized by hydrogen crushing. Thereby, coarsely pulverized magnet powder 10 is obtained.
- Nd—Fe—B eg, Nd: 32.7 wt%, Fe (electrolytic iron): 65.96 wt%, B: 1.34 wt
- the coarsely pulverized magnet powder 10 is finely pulverized by a wet method using a bead mill 11 or a dry method using a jet mill.
- the coarsely pulverized magnet powder 10 is finely pulverized in a solvent to a predetermined particle size (for example, 0.1 ⁇ m to 5.0 ⁇ m) and the magnet powder is dispersed in the solvent.
- the magnet powder contained in the solvent after the wet pulverization is dried by vacuum drying or the like, and the dried magnet powder is taken out.
- Alcohols such as isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, methanol, Esters, such as ethyl acetate, Lower hydrocarbons, such as pentane and hexane, Aromatics, such as benzene, toluene, xylene , Ketones, mixtures thereof and the like.
- the solvent which does not contain an oxygen atom in a solvent is used.
- coarsely pulverized magnet powder is (a) in an atmosphere composed of an inert gas such as nitrogen gas, Ar gas, and He gas having substantially 0% oxygen content.
- finely pulverized by a jet mill in an atmosphere made of an inert gas such as nitrogen gas, Ar gas, and He gas having an oxygen content of 0.0001 to 0.5%, A fine powder having an average particle diameter of 0.7 ⁇ m to 5.0 ⁇ m.
- the oxygen concentration of substantially 0% is not limited to the case where the oxygen concentration is completely 0%, but may contain oxygen in such an amount that a very small amount of oxide film is formed on the surface of the fine powder. Means good.
- the magnet powder finely pulverized by the bead mill 11 or the like is molded into a desired shape.
- the magnet powder is molded by molding a mixture of magnet powder and binder.
- the mixture is once formed into a shape other than the final product shape, magnetic field orientation is performed, and then a punching process, a cutting process, a deformation process, and the like are performed to obtain a final product shape.
- the mixture is once formed into a sheet shape (hereinafter referred to as a green sheet) and then processed into a final product shape.
- the mixture when the mixture is formed into a sheet shape, for example, hot melt coating that forms a sheet shape after heating a compound in which a magnet powder and a binder are mixed, or a slurry containing a magnet powder, a binder, and an organic solvent.
- hot melt coating that forms a sheet shape after heating a compound in which a magnet powder and a binder are mixed, or a slurry containing a magnet powder, a binder, and an organic solvent.
- slurry coating or the like that forms a sheet by coating the substrate on a substrate.
- a powdery mixture (compound) 12 composed of magnet powder and binder is prepared by mixing a binder with magnet powder finely pulverized by a bead mill 11 or the like.
- a binder a resin, a long-chain hydrocarbon, a fatty acid ester, a mixture thereof, or the like is used as described above.
- a resin a thermoplastic resin made of a depolymerizable polymer that does not contain an oxygen atom in the structure is used.
- the resin when a long-chain hydrocarbon is used, the resin is solid at room temperature or above it is preferable to use a long-chain saturated hydrocarbon (long-chain alkane) that is liquid. Moreover, when using fatty acid ester, it is preferable to use methyl stearate, methyl docosanoate, or the like. Further, as described above, the amount of the binder added is such that the ratio of the binder to the total amount of the magnet powder and the binder in the compound 12 after the addition is 1 wt% to 40 wt%, more preferably 2 wt% to 30 wt%, still more preferably 3 wt%. % To 20 wt%.
- an additive for promoting orientation may be added to the compound 12 in order to improve the degree of orientation in a magnetic field orientation step performed later.
- a hydrocarbon-based additive is used, and it is particularly preferable to use an additive having polarity (specifically, an acid dissociation constant pKa of less than 41).
- the addition amount of the additive depends on the particle diameter of the magnet powder, and it is necessary to increase the addition amount as the particle diameter of the magnet powder is smaller.
- the specific addition amount is 0.1 to 10 parts, more preferably 1 to 8 parts, with respect to the magnet powder.
- the additive added to the magnet powder adheres to the surface of the magnet particles and has a role of assisting the rotation of the magnet particles in the magnetic field orientation process described later.
- orientation is easily performed when a magnetic field is applied, and the easy magnetization axis directions of the magnet particles can be aligned in the same direction (that is, the degree of orientation can be increased).
- the frictional force at the time of orientation is increased and the orientation of the particles is lowered, so that the effect of adding the additive is further increased.
- the binder is added in an atmosphere made of an inert gas such as nitrogen gas, Ar gas, or He gas.
- the mixing of the magnet powder and the binder is performed, for example, by putting the magnet powder and the binder into a stirrer and stirring with the stirrer. In addition, heating and stirring may be performed to promote kneading properties.
- the mixing of the magnet powder and the binder is preferably performed in an atmosphere made of an inert gas such as nitrogen gas, Ar gas, or He gas.
- the binder is added to the solvent without kneading the magnet powder from the solvent used for pulverization, and then the solvent is volatilized. It is good also as a structure to obtain.
- a green sheet is formed by forming the compound 12 into a sheet shape.
- the compound 12 in hot melt coating, the compound 12 is heated to melt the compound 12 to form a fluid, and then the coating is applied on the support substrate 13 such as a separator. Then, the long sheet-like green sheet 14 is formed on the support base material 13 by heat dissipation and solidifying.
- the temperature at which the compound 12 is heated and melted is 50 to 300 ° C., although it varies depending on the type and amount of the binder used. However, the temperature needs to be higher than the melting point of the binder to be used.
- magnet powder and a binder are dispersed in a large amount of organic solvent, and the slurry is placed on a support substrate 13 such as a separator. Apply. Then, the green sheet 14 of a long sheet shape is formed on the support substrate 13 by drying and volatilizing the organic solvent.
- the coating method of the melted compound 12 is preferably a method having excellent layer thickness controllability such as a slot die method or a calendar roll method.
- a die method or comma coating method that is particularly excellent in layer thickness controllability that is, a method capable of applying a high-accuracy thickness layer on the surface of a substrate
- coating is performed by extruding a heated compound 12 in a fluid state by a gear pump and inserting the compound 12 into a die.
- the calendar roll method a certain amount of the compound 12 is charged into the gap between the two heated rolls, and the compound 12 melted by the heat of the roll is applied onto the support base 13 while rotating the roll.
- the support base material 13 for example, a silicone-treated polyester film is used.
- the green sheet is formed on the support substrate 13 by molding the compound 12 melted by extrusion molding or injection molding into a sheet shape and extruding the support substrate 13 instead of coating on the support substrate 13. 14 may be formed.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a process of forming the green sheet 14 by the slot die method.
- the die 15 used in the slot die system is formed by overlapping the blocks 16 and 17 with each other, and a slit 18 or a cavity (liquid reservoir) 19 is formed by a gap between the blocks 16 and 17.
- the cavity 19 communicates with a supply port 20 provided in the block 17.
- the supply port 20 is connected to a coating liquid supply system constituted by a gear pump (not shown) or the like, and the metered fluid-like compound 12 is quantified in the cavity 19 via the supply port 20. Supplied by a pump or the like.
- the fluid-like compound 12 supplied to the cavity 19 is fed to the slit 18 and discharged from the discharge port 21 of the slit 18 with a predetermined application width with a uniform amount in the width direction at a constant amount per unit time.
- the support base material 13 is continuously conveyed at a preset speed as the coating roll 22 rotates.
- the ejected fluid compound 12 is applied to the support base material 13 with a predetermined thickness, and then heat-radiating and solidifying to form a long sheet-like green sheet 14 on the support base material 13. Is done.
- the sheet thickness of the green sheet 14 after coating is measured, and the gap D between the die 15 and the support base 13 is feedback-controlled based on the measured value. desirable. Further, the fluctuation of the amount of the fluid compound 12 supplied to the die 15 is reduced as much as possible (for example, suppressed to fluctuation of ⁇ 0.1% or less), and the fluctuation of the coating speed is reduced as much as possible (for example, ⁇ 0. It is desirable to suppress the fluctuation to 1% or less. Thereby, it is possible to further improve the thickness accuracy of the green sheet 14.
- the thickness accuracy of the formed green sheet 14 is within ⁇ 10%, more preferably within ⁇ 3%, and even more preferably within ⁇ 1% with respect to the design value (for example, 1 mm).
- the design value for example, 1 mm.
- the set thickness of the green sheet 14 is desirably set in the range of 0.05 mm to 20 mm. When the thickness is less than 0.05 mm, the productivity must be reduced because multiple layers must be stacked.
- the green sheet 14 is first softened by heating the green sheet 14 that is continuously conveyed together with the support base material 13. Specifically, the green sheet 14 is softened until the viscosity becomes 1 to 1500 Pa ⁇ s, more preferably 1 to 500 Pa ⁇ s. Thereby, the magnetic field orientation can be appropriately performed.
- the temperature and time for heating the green sheet 14 vary depending on the type and amount of the binder used, but for example, 100 to 250 ° C. and 0.1 to 60 minutes. However, in order to soften the green sheet 14, it is necessary to set the temperature to be equal to or higher than the glass transition point or melting point of the binder used.
- a heating method for heating the green sheet 14 for example, there are a heating method using a hot plate and a heating method using a heat medium (silicone oil) as a heat source.
- a heat medium silicone oil
- magnetic field orientation is performed by applying a magnetic field to the in-plane direction and the length direction of the green sheet 14 softened by heating.
- the intensity of the applied magnetic field is 5000 [Oe] to 150,000 [Oe], preferably 10,000 [Oe] to 120,000 [Oe].
- the C axis (easy magnetization axis) of the magnet crystal included in the green sheet 14 is oriented in one direction.
- the magnetic field may be applied in the in-plane direction and the width direction of the green sheet 14.
- it is good also as a structure which orientates a magnetic field simultaneously with respect to the several green sheet 14.
- a configuration in which a magnetic field is applied at the same time as the heating process may be performed, or a magnetic field may be applied after the heating process and before the green sheet solidifies. It is good also as performing the process to perform. Moreover, it is good also as a structure which magnetic field orientates before the green sheet 14 apply
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a heating process and a magnetic field orientation process of the green sheet 14.
- FIG. 6 an example in which the magnetic field orientation process is performed simultaneously with the heating process will be described.
- heating and magnetic field orientation on the green sheet 14 coated by the slot die method described above are performed on the long green sheet 14 in a state of being continuously conveyed by a roll. That is, an apparatus for performing heating and magnetic field orientation is disposed on the downstream side of the coating apparatus (die or the like), and is performed by a process continuous with the above-described coating process.
- the solenoid 25 is disposed on the downstream side of the die 15 and the coating roll 22 so that the transported support base material 13 and the green sheet 14 pass through the solenoid 25.
- the hot plates 26 are arranged in a pair above and below the green sheet 14 in the solenoid 25.
- the green sheet 14 is heated by a pair of upper and lower hot plates 26 and an electric current is passed through the solenoid 25, so that the in-plane direction of the long green sheet 14 (that is, the sheet surface of the green sheet 14).
- a magnetic field in the longitudinal direction Thereby, the continuously conveyed green sheet 14 is softened by heating, and a magnetic field is applied to the in-plane direction and the length direction (in the direction of arrow 27 in FIG. 5) of the softened green sheet 14.
- the surface of the green sheet 14 can be prevented from standing upright by setting the direction in which the magnetic field is applied to the in-plane direction. Moreover, it is preferable that the heat dissipation and solidification of the green sheet 14 performed after the magnetic field orientation is performed in a transported state. Thereby, the manufacturing process can be made more efficient.
- a pair of magnetic field coils are arranged on the left and right of the green sheet 14 that is conveyed instead of the solenoid 25. And it becomes possible to generate a magnetic field in the in-plane direction and the width direction of the long sheet-like green sheet 14 by passing a current through each magnetic field coil.
- the magnetic field application device 30 using a pole piece or the like includes two ring-shaped coil portions 31 and 32 arranged in parallel so that the central axes are the same, and the coil portion 31. , 32 and two substantially cylindrical pole pieces 33, 34 respectively disposed in the ring holes, and are spaced apart from the conveyed green sheet 14 by a predetermined distance.
- a magnetic field is produced
- the film 35 is also formed on the opposite surface of the green sheet 14 on which the support base material 13 is laminated as shown in FIG. Are preferably laminated. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the surface of the green sheet 14 from standing upside down.
- a heating method using the hot plate 26 instead of the heating method using the hot plate 26 described above, a heating method using a heat medium (silicone oil) as a heat source may be used.
- a heat medium silicone oil
- the green sheet 14 when the green sheet 14 is formed from a liquid material having high fluidity such as slurry by a general slot die method or doctor blade method without using hot melt molding, a magnetic field gradient is generated.
- the magnetic powder contained in the green sheet 14 is attracted toward the stronger magnetic field, so that the slurry forming the green sheet 14 is closer to the liquid, that is, the thickness of the green sheet 14 is uneven. May occur.
- the compound 12 when the compound 12 is molded into the green sheet 14 by hot melt molding as in the present invention, the viscosity near room temperature reaches several tens of thousands to several hundred thousand Pa ⁇ s, and the magnetism when passing through the magnetic field gradient is reached. There is no powder slippage. Furthermore, the viscosity of the binder is lowered by being transported and heated in a uniform magnetic field, and uniform C-axis orientation is possible only by the rotational torque in the uniform magnetic field.
- the thickness exceeds 1 mm.
- a liquid material having high fluidity such as a slurry containing an organic solvent by a general slot die method or doctor blade method without using hot melt molding
- the thickness exceeds 1 mm.
- foaming due to vaporization of the organic solvent contained in the slurry or the like during drying becomes a problem.
- the drying time is prolonged to suppress foaming, the magnet powder is settled, and accordingly, the density distribution of the magnet powder is biased with respect to the direction of gravity, which causes warping after firing. Therefore, in the molding from the slurry, the upper limit value of the thickness is substantially regulated, so it is necessary to mold the green sheet with a thickness of 1 mm or less and then laminate it.
- the green sheet 14 is deformed according to the direction of the easy axis of magnetization required for the final product. Further, a plurality of green sheets 14 deformed in the same shape are stacked and fixed to each other with resin or the like.
- the green sheets 14 that are magnetically oriented in the in-plane direction are curved and laminated so that the cross section in the thickness direction has an arc shape.
- the green sheet 14 may be laminated after being deformed, or may be deformed after being laminated. Further, when the green sheet 14 is deformed, the green sheet 14 may be heated so as to be easily deformed.
- the deformation direction may be the thickness direction of the green sheet 14 as shown in FIG. 4 or the in-plane direction.
- the molded body 40 is formed by cutting the laminated body of the green sheets 14.
- the shape of the molded body 40 varies depending on the final product shape. For example, when the polar anisotropic ring magnet shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is manufactured, the fan-shaped shape shown in FIG. 4 is used.
- the in-plane direction of the stacked green sheets 14 corresponds to the direction of the easy axis of magnetization. It is necessary to cut in consideration of the direction. For example, when a polar anisotropic ring magnet is manufactured, cutting is performed so that the green sheets 14 are stacked in an arc shape centered on the fan-shaped outer peripheral side.
- the remaining portion of the green sheet 14 generated by the process of cutting the laminate of the green sheets 14 can be reused as the melted compound 12 by heating to the melting point or higher of the binder. As a result, the reused remaining portion is reproduced as a part of the green sheet 14. Therefore, even if it is a case where it cuts into a complicated shape, a yield is not reduced.
- a non-oxidizing atmosphere in which the molded body 40 is pressurized to atmospheric pressure, or a pressure higher or lower than atmospheric pressure (for example, 1.0 Pa or 1.0 MPa).
- atmospheric pressure or a pressure higher or lower than atmospheric pressure (for example, 1.0 Pa or 1.0 MPa).
- a binder decomposition temperature in a mixed gas atmosphere of an inert gas and an inert gas a temperature satisfying a condition equal to or higher than the thermal decomposition temperature of the additive if an additive that promotes orientation is added
- the calcining process is performed by holding for 5 hours.
- the supply amount of hydrogen during calcination is set to 5 L / min.
- an organic compound such as a binder can be decomposed into a monomer by a depolymerization reaction or the like and scattered to be removed. That is, so-called decarbonization for reducing the amount of carbon in the molded body 40 is performed.
- the calcining treatment is performed under the condition that the carbon content in the molded body 40 is 2000 ppm or less, more preferably 1000 ppm or less. Accordingly, the entire permanent magnet 1 can be densely sintered by the subsequent sintering process, and the residual magnetic flux density and coercive force are not reduced.
- the pressurizing condition is a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, more specifically 0.2 MPa or more, the effect of reducing the carbon amount can be expected.
- the binder decomposition temperature is determined based on the analysis result of the binder decomposition product and decomposition residue. Specifically, a temperature range is selected in which decomposition products of the binder are collected, decomposition products other than the monomers are not generated, and products due to side reactions of the remaining binder components are not detected even in the analysis of the residues. Although it varies depending on the kind of the binder, it is set to 200 ° C. to 900 ° C., more preferably 400 ° C. to 600 ° C. (for example, 450 ° C.).
- the heating rate is reduced as compared with a case where a general magnet is sintered.
- the temperature rising rate is set to 2 ° C./min or less (for example, 1.5 ° C./min). Therefore, when performing the calcining treatment, as shown in FIG. 8, the temperature is increased at a predetermined temperature increase rate of 2 ° C./min or less, and after reaching a preset temperature (binder decomposition temperature), Calcination is performed by holding at the set temperature for several hours to several tens of hours.
- the carbon in the molded body 40 is not removed rapidly but is removed in stages, so that the density of the sintered permanent magnet is increased ( That is, it is possible to reduce the air gap in the permanent magnet. And if a temperature increase rate shall be 2 degrees C / min or less, the density of the permanent magnet after sintering can be made 95% or more, and a high magnet characteristic can be anticipated.
- NdH 3 (high activity) in the molded body 40 produced by the calcination treatment is changed stepwise from NdH 3 (high activity) ⁇ NdH 2 (low activity).
- the activity of the molded body 40 activated by the calcination treatment is reduced.
- the sintering process which sinters the molded object 40 calcined by the calcining process is performed.
- a sintering method of the molded body 40 it is also possible to use pressure sintering which sinters in a state where the molded body 40 is pressed in addition to general vacuum sintering.
- the temperature is raised to a firing temperature of about 800 ° C. to 1080 ° C. at a predetermined temperature increase rate and held for about 0.1 to 2 hours.
- vacuum firing is performed, but the degree of vacuum is preferably 5 Pa or less, and preferably 10 ⁇ 2 Pa or less.
- it is cooled and heat-treated again at 300 ° C. to 1000 ° C. for 2 hours.
- a sintered body is produced.
- pressure sintering examples include hot press sintering, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) sintering, ultrahigh pressure synthetic sintering, gas pressure sintering, and discharge plasma (SPS) sintering.
- HIP hot isostatic pressing
- SPS discharge plasma
- the SPS is uniaxial pressure sintering that pressurizes in a uniaxial direction and is sintered by current sintering. Sintering is preferably used.
- the pressure value is set to, for example, 0.01 MPa to 100 MPa, the pressure is increased to 940 ° C.
- a plurality of sintered bodies are combined in an annular shape and then fixed to each other by resin or the like.
- the permanent magnet 1 is manufactured by performing. In addition, you may sinter after combining the molded object 40 before sintering to a ring shape, and making it a link shape. On the other hand, when the sintered body has a final product shape, the permanent magnet 1 is manufactured by magnetizing the sintered body.
- the SPM motor is manufactured using the manufactured permanent magnet 1
- a plurality of sintered bodies manufactured by the manufacturing process shown in FIG. 4 are annularly formed on the surface of the rotor 50 as shown in FIG. 9. And magnetizing along the C-axis so as to have polar anisotropy.
- an SPM motor in which the polar anisotropic permanent magnet 1 is disposed on the surface of the rotor 50 can be manufactured.
- a magnetizing coil, a magnetizing yoke, a condenser magnetizing power supply device or the like is used for magnetizing the permanent magnet 1, for example, a magnetizing coil, a magnetizing yoke, a condenser magnetizing power supply device or the like is used.
- an SPM motor is manufactured by assembling members other than the rotor 50 such as a shaft and a stator.
- the compound 12 is generated by pulverizing the magnet raw material into magnet powder and mixing the pulverized magnet powder and the binder. .
- the green sheet 14 which shape
- magnetic field orientation is performed by applying a magnetic field to the formed green sheet 14. Further, a plurality of green sheets 14 after magnetic field orientation are deformed and stacked and fixed, and the plurality of stacked green sheets are cut into a desired shape and molded, and then sintered to make permanent.
- the magnet 1 is manufactured.
- the binder is made of a thermoplastic resin, and the green sheet generated by the process of cutting and forming the green sheet into a desired shape is heated, so that the remaining is reused as the compound 12, so that it is laminated. Even when a plurality of green sheets are cut into a complicated shape, the remaining portion generated by cutting can be regenerated as a part of the green sheet, so that it is possible to prevent a decrease in yield. .
- the pulverization condition, kneading condition, magnetic field orientation process, lamination condition, cutting condition, calcination condition, sintering condition, etc. of the magnet powder are not limited to the conditions described in the above examples.
- the magnet raw material is pulverized by wet pulverization using a bead mill, but may be pulverized by dry pulverization using a jet mill.
- the green sheet is formed by the slot die method, but other methods (for example, calendar roll method, comma coating method, extrusion molding, injection molding, mold molding, doctor blade method, etc.) can be used. It may be used to form a green sheet. However, it is desirable to use a method that can form a fluid compound on a substrate with high accuracy. Moreover, as long as the atmosphere at the time of calcination is a non-oxidizing atmosphere, the atmosphere may be other than a hydrogen atmosphere (for example, a nitrogen atmosphere, a He atmosphere, or an Ar atmosphere). Moreover, you may abbreviate
- a hydrogen atmosphere for example, a nitrogen atmosphere, a He atmosphere, or an Ar atmosphere.
- the deformation direction of the green sheet is the thickness direction of the green sheet, but it may be an in-plane direction.
- a thin film permanent magnet in which easy axes of magnetization are arranged with respect to the in-plane direction of the green sheet.
- a cylindrical permanent magnet having an easy axis of magnetization aligned in the tangential direction by deforming the green sheet into a cylindrical shape.
- a wavy shaped permanent magnet it is also possible to manufacture a wavy shaped permanent magnet.
- the molded object 40 is shape
- stacked in order to manufacture a polar anisotropic ring magnet will be cut and shape
- a polar anisotropic ring magnet is manufactured.
- a radial anisotropic ring magnet can be manufactured by appropriately changing the direction of magnetic field orientation and the lamination mode of green sheets. It is. For example, it can be manufactured by orienting a magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the green sheet and laminating along a circular arc of a ring in a Baumkuchen shape.
- calcining is performed in a hydrogen atmosphere or a mixed gas atmosphere of hydrogen and an inert gas after molding the magnet powder.
- the magnet powder before molding is calcined and calcined. It is good also as manufacturing a permanent magnet by shape
- the surface area of the magnet to be calcined is increased compared to the case of calcining the molded magnet particles. can do. That is, the amount of carbon in the calcined body can be reduced more reliably.
- the heating process and magnetic field orientation process of the green sheet 14 will be performed simultaneously, even if it performs a magnetic field orientation process after performing a heating process and before the green sheet 14 solidifies. good. Further, when the magnetic field orientation is performed before the coated green sheet 14 is solidified (that is, the green sheet 14 is already softened without performing the heating process), the heating process may be omitted. .
- the coating process by the slot die method, the heating process, and the magnetic field orientation process are performed by a series of continuous processes, but may be configured not to be performed by the continuous processes. Moreover, it is good also as performing by the process which divided
- the coated green sheet 14 can be cut to a predetermined length, and the green sheet 14 in a stationary state can be configured to perform magnetic field orientation by heating and applying a magnetic field. is there.
- the Nd—Fe—B type magnet has been described as an example, but other magnets (for example, samarium type cobalt magnet, alnico magnet, ferrite magnet, etc.) may be used. Further, in the present invention, the Nd component is larger than the stoichiometric composition in the present invention, but it may be stoichiometric.
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Abstract
Description
また、グリーンシート成形では、電流のターン数を利用できるため磁場配向を行う際の磁場強度を大きく確保することができ、且つ静磁場で長時間の磁場印加を施せるので、バラつきの少ない高い配向度を実現することが可能となる。そして、配向後に配向方向を加工することによって、高配向かつバラつきの少ない配向を確保することが可能となる。
更に、バラつきの少ない高配向が実現できる事は、焼結による収縮のバラつきの低減に繋がる。即ち、焼結後の製品形状の均一性が確保できる。その結果、焼結後の外形加工に対する負担が軽減され、特に極異方リング磁石では、磁束密度の単一正弦波変動の確保に繋がる。また、量産の安定性が大きく向上する事が期待できる。
また、グリーンシート成形では、電流のターン数を利用できるため磁場配向を行う際の磁場強度を大きく確保することができ、且つ静磁場で長時間の磁場印加を施せるので、バラつきの少ない高い配向度を実現した永久磁石を製造することが可能となる。そして、配向後に配向方向を加工することによって、配向かつバラつきの少ない極配向を確保することが可能となる。
更に、バラつきの少ない高配向が実現できる事は、焼結による収縮のバラつきの低減に繋がる。即ち、焼結後の製品形状の均一性が確保できる。その結果、焼結後の外形加工に対する負担が軽減され、特に極異方リング磁石では、磁束密度の単一正弦波変動の確保に繋がる。また、量産の安定性が大きく向上する事が期待できる。
先ず、本発明に係る永久磁石1の構成について説明する。図1は本発明に係る永久磁石1を示した全体図である。尚、図1に示すように本発明に係る永久磁石1は円環形状を有する極異方性リング磁石である。尚、以下の実施例では永久磁石1を極異方性リング磁石とした例について説明するが、永久磁石1の形状や配向については後述のようにグリーンシートの変形態様、積層態様、切削態様によって適宜変更可能である。
更に、バインダーに樹脂を用いる場合には、構造中に酸素原子を含まず、且つ解重合性のあるポリマーを用いるのが好ましい。また、後述のように積層されたグリーンシート3を所望形状(例えば扇型形状)に切削する際に生じたグリーンシート3の残余物を再利用する為、及びグリーンシート3を加熱して軟化した状態で磁場配向を行う為に、熱可塑性樹脂が用いられる。具体的には以下の一般式(1)に示されるモノマーから選ばれる1種又は2種以上の重合体又は共重合体からなるポリマーが該当する。
尚、バインダーに用いる樹脂としては、磁場配向を適切に行う為に250℃以下で軟化する熱可塑性樹脂、より具体的にはガラス転移点又は融点が250℃以下の熱可塑性樹脂を用いることが望ましい。
次に、本発明に係る永久磁石1の製造方法について図4を用いて説明する。図4は本実施形態に係る永久磁石1の製造工程を示した説明図である。
先ず、ビーズミル11等で微粉砕された磁石粉末にバインダーを混合することにより、磁石粉末とバインダーからなる粉末状の混合物(コンパウンド)12を作製する。ここで、バインダーとしては、上述したように樹脂や長鎖炭化水素や脂肪酸エステルやそれらの混合物等が用いられる。例えば、樹脂を用いる場合には構造中に酸素原子を含まず、且つ解重合性のあるポリマーからなる熱可塑性樹脂を用い、一方、長鎖炭化水素を用いる場合には、室温で固体、室温以上で液体である長鎖飽和炭化水素(長鎖アルカン)を用いるのが好ましい。また、脂肪酸エステルを用いる場合には、ステアリン酸メチルやドコサン酸メチル等を用いるのが好ましい。また、バインダーの添加量は、上述したように添加後のコンパウンド12における磁石粉末とバインダーの合計量に対するバインダーの比率が、1wt%~40wt%、より好ましくは2wt%~30wt%、更に好ましくは3wt%~20wt%となる量とする。
図5に示すようにスロットダイ方式に用いられるダイ15は、ブロック16、17を互いに重ね合わせることにより形成されており、ブロック16、17との間の間隙によってスリット18やキャビティ(液溜まり)19を形成する。キャビティ19はブロック17に設けられた供給口20に連通される。そして、供給口20はギアポンプ(図示せず)等によって構成される塗布液の供給系へと接続されており、キャビティ19には供給口20を介して、計量された流体状のコンパウンド12が定量ポンプ等により供給される。更に、キャビティ19に供給された流体状のコンパウンド12はスリット18へ送液されて単位時間一定量で幅方向に均一な圧力でスリット18の吐出口21から予め設定された塗布幅により吐出される。一方で、支持基材13はコーティングロール22の回転に伴って予め設定された速度で連続搬送される。その結果、吐出した流体状のコンパウンド12が支持基材13に対して所定厚さで塗布され、その後、放熱して凝固することにより支持基材13上に長尺シート状のグリーンシート14が成形される。
また、磁場配向した後に行うグリーンシート14の放熱及び凝固は、搬送状態で行うことが好ましい。それによって、製造工程をより効率化することが可能となる。
また、グリーンシート成形では、電流のターン数を利用できるため磁場配向を行う際の磁場強度を大きく確保することができ、且つ静磁場で長時間の磁場印加を施せるので、バラつきの少ない高い配向度を実現した永久磁石を製造することが可能となる。そして、配向後に配向方向を加工することによって、高配向かつバラつきの少ない配向を確保することが可能となる。
更に、バラつきの少ない高配向が実現できる事は、焼結による収縮のバラつきの低減に繋がる。即ち、焼結後の製品形状の均一性が確保できる。その結果、焼結後の外形加工に対する負担が軽減され、特に極異方リング磁石では、磁束密度の単一正弦波変動の確保に繋がる。また、量産の安定性が大きく向上する事が期待できる。
また、バインダーは熱可塑性樹脂からなり、グリーンシートを所望形状に切削して成形する工程によって生じたグリーンシートの残余を加熱することにより、該残余をコンパウンド12へと再利用するので、積層された複数枚のグリーンシートを複雑な形状に切削加工する場合であっても、切削により生じた残余部分をグリーンシートの一部として再生することが可能なので、歩留まりの低下を防止することが可能となる。
また、グリーンシートを円弧状に湾曲させた状態で積層することによって、円弧に沿って磁化容易軸を揃えた焼結体を容易に作製することが可能となる。
更に、複数の焼結体又は成形体を円環状に配置することによって、磁化容易軸が極異方配向された極異方性リング磁石を容易に形成することが可能となる。また、従来に比べて理想的な正弦波形状からなる磁束密度分布を実現することが可能となる。
また、上記永久磁石をロータ表面に配置したSPMモータによれば、従来に比べてモータの高トルク化、小型化、低トルクリプル化、高効率化を実現することが可能となる。
例えば、磁石粉末の粉砕条件、混練条件、磁場配向工程、積層条件、切削条件、仮焼条件、焼結条件などは上記実施例に記載した条件に限られるものではない。例えば、上記実施例ではビーズミルを用いた湿式粉砕により磁石原料を粉砕しているが、ジェットミルによる乾式粉砕により粉砕することとしても良い。また、上記実施例では、スロットダイ方式によりグリーンシートを形成しているが、他の方式(例えばカレンダーロール方式、コンマ塗工方式、押出成型、射出成型、金型成型、ドクターブレード方式等)を用いてグリーンシートを形成しても良い。但し、流体状のコンパウンドを基材上に高精度に成形することが可能な方式を用いることが望ましい。また、仮焼を行う際の雰囲気は非酸化性雰囲気であれば水素雰囲気以外(例えば窒素雰囲気、He雰囲気等、Ar雰囲気等)で行っても良い。また、仮焼処理を省略しても良い。その場合には、焼結処理の過程で脱炭素が行われることとなる。
2 焼結部材
11 ジェットミル
12 コンパウンド
13 支持基材
14 グリーンシート
15 ダイ
25 ソレノイド
26 ホットプレート
37 加熱装置
40 成形体
Claims (10)
- 磁石原料を磁石粉末に粉砕する工程と、
前記粉砕された磁石粉末とバインダーとが混合された混合物を生成する工程と、
前記混合物をシート状に成形し、グリーンシートを作製する工程と、
前記グリーンシートに対して磁場を印加することにより磁場配向する工程と、
磁場配向された前記グリーンシートを変形させた状態で複数枚積層して固定するとともに、該積層した複数枚の前記グリーンシートを所望形状に切削して成形する工程と、
所望形状に成形された前記グリーンシートを焼成温度で保持することにより焼結する工程と、により製造されることを特徴とする永久磁石。 - 前記バインダーは熱可塑性樹脂からなり、
前記グリーンシートを所望形状に切削して成形する工程によって生じた前記グリーンシートの残余を加熱することにより、該残余を前記混合物へと再利用することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の永久磁石。 - 前記磁場配向する工程では、前記グリーンシートの面内方向に配向し、
前記グリーンシートを所望形状に切削して成形する工程では、磁場配向された前記グリーンシートを厚み方向の断面が円弧形状となるように湾曲させた状態で複数枚積層して固定することを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の永久磁石。 - 前記所望形状は扇型形状であり、
前記焼結工程によって焼結された複数の焼結体又は前記焼結工程によって焼結される前の複数の成形体を、円環状に配置することによって磁化容易軸が極異方配向された極異方性リング磁石を形成することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の永久磁石。 - 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれかに記載の永久磁石をロータ表面に配置したことを特徴とするSPMモータ。
- 磁石原料を磁石粉末に粉砕する工程と、
前記粉砕された磁石粉末とバインダーとが混合された混合物を生成する工程と、
前記混合物をシート状に成形し、グリーンシートを作製する工程と、
前記グリーンシートに対して磁場を印加することにより磁場配向する工程と、
磁場配向された前記グリーンシートを変形させた状態で複数枚積層して固定するとともに、該積層した複数枚の前記グリーンシートを所望形状に切削して成形する工程と、
所望形状に成形された前記グリーンシートを焼成温度で保持することにより焼結する工程と、を有することを特徴とする永久磁石の製造方法。 - 前記バインダーは熱可塑性樹脂からなり、
前記グリーンシートを所望形状に切削して成形する工程によって生じた前記グリーンシートの残余を加熱することにより、該残余を前記混合物へと再利用することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の永久磁石の製造方法。 - 前記磁場配向する工程では、前記グリーンシートの面内方向に配向し、
前記グリーンシートを所望形状に切削して成形する工程では、磁場配向された前記グリーンシートを厚み方向の断面が円弧形状となるように湾曲させた状態で複数枚積層して固定することを特徴とする請求項6又は請求項7に記載の永久磁石の製造方法。 - 前記所望形状は扇型形状であり、
前記焼結工程によって焼結された複数の焼結体又は前記焼結工程によって焼結される前の複数の成形体を、円環状に配置することによって磁化容易軸が極異方配向された極異方性リング磁石を形成することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の永久磁石の製造方法。 - 請求項6乃至請求項9のいずれかの製造方法で製造された永久磁石をロータ表面に配置することにより製造することを特徴とするSPMモータの製造方法。
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| US15/118,140 US20170178806A1 (en) | 2014-02-12 | 2014-02-12 | Permanent magnet, permanent magnet manufacturing method, spm motor, and spm motor manufacturing method |
| JP2015562580A JPWO2015121916A1 (ja) | 2014-02-12 | 2014-02-12 | 永久磁石、永久磁石の製造方法、spmモータ及びspmモータの製造方法 |
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| CN114603142A (zh) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-10 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | 基于雀尾螳螂虾螯棒微观结构的晶粒定向仿生刀具的制备方法 |
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