WO2015119020A1 - 固体電解コンデンサ及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
固体電解コンデンサ及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015119020A1 WO2015119020A1 PCT/JP2015/052395 JP2015052395W WO2015119020A1 WO 2015119020 A1 WO2015119020 A1 WO 2015119020A1 JP 2015052395 W JP2015052395 W JP 2015052395W WO 2015119020 A1 WO2015119020 A1 WO 2015119020A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- conductive polymer
- solid electrolytic
- electrolytic capacitor
- capacitor element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
- H01G9/025—Solid electrolytes
- H01G9/028—Organic semiconducting electrolytes, e.g. TCNQ
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
- H01G9/035—Liquid electrolytes, e.g. impregnating materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/0029—Processes of manufacture
- H01G9/0036—Formation of the solid electrolyte layer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
- H01G9/025—Solid electrolytes
- H01G9/032—Inorganic semiconducting electrolytes, e.g. MnO2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/048—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by their structure
- H01G9/055—Etched foil electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/15—Solid electrolytic capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/15—Solid electrolytic capacitors
- H01G9/151—Solid electrolytic capacitors with wound foil electrodes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solid electrolytic capacitor and a method for manufacturing the same, and particularly to a solid electrolytic capacitor suitable for high voltage applications of 80 V or higher and a method for manufacturing the same.
- An electrolytic capacitor using a metal having a valve action such as tantalum or aluminum is obtained by expanding the dielectric by making the valve action metal as the anode-side counter electrode into the shape of a sintered body or an etching foil. Since it is small and a large capacity can be obtained, it is widely used.
- a solid electrolytic capacitor using a solid electrolyte as an electrolyte has features such as small size, large capacity, low equivalent series resistance, easy to chip, and suitable for surface mounting. It is indispensable for miniaturization, high functionality and low cost of electronic equipment.
- an anode foil and a cathode foil made of a valve metal such as aluminum are generally wound with a separator interposed therebetween to form a capacitor element. It is impregnated with a driving electrolyte, and has a sealed structure in which a capacitor element is housed in a metal case such as aluminum or a case made of synthetic resin.
- a metal case such as aluminum or a case made of synthetic resin.
- the anode material aluminum, tantalum, niobium, titanium and the like are used, and as the cathode material, the same kind of metal as the anode material is used.
- Patent Document 1 As solid electrolytes used for solid electrolytic capacitors, manganese dioxide and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) complexes are known. There is a technique (Patent Document 1) that focuses on a conductive polymer such as polyethylenedioxythiophene (hereinafter referred to as PEDOT) having excellent adhesion to an oxide film layer of an electrode.
- PEDOT polyethylenedioxythiophene
- a solid electrolytic capacitor of a type in which a solid electrolyte layer made of a conductive polymer such as PEDOT is formed on such a wound capacitor element is manufactured as follows. First, the surface of the anode foil made of valve action metal such as aluminum is roughened by electrochemical etching treatment in an aqueous chloride solution to form many etching pits, and then in an aqueous solution such as ammonium borate. A voltage is applied to form an oxide film layer serving as a dielectric (chemical conversion). Similar to the anode foil, the cathode foil is made of a valve metal such as aluminum, and the surface thereof is etched.
- the anode foil and the cathode foil having the oxide film layer formed on the surface are wound through a separator to form a capacitor element.
- a polymerizable monomer such as 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (hereinafter referred to as EDOT) and an oxidant solution are respectively discharged into the capacitor element that has been subjected to restoration conversion, or immersed in a mixture of both.
- EDOT 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene
- an oxidant solution are respectively discharged into the capacitor element that has been subjected to restoration conversion, or immersed in a mixture of both.
- the polymerization reaction is accelerated in the capacitor element, and a solid electrolyte layer made of a conductive polymer such as PEDOT is generated.
- the capacitor element is housed in a bottomed cylindrical outer case to produce a solid electrolytic capacitor.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a conductive polymer containing polypyrrole or polyaniline in combination with an electrolyte containing ⁇ -butyrolactone or ethylene glycol.
- JP-A-2-15611 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-186110
- the present invention has been proposed in order to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a solid electrolytic capacitor excellent in characteristics in a high voltage application of 80 V or higher and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the present inventors have used borodisalicylate as the solute of the electrolytic solution to be filled in the capacitor element, and by setting the salt concentration to a predetermined amount or less, the high pressure region.
- the inventors have obtained knowledge that the ESR characteristics at a high temperature are improved, and have completed the present invention based on this knowledge.
- the solid electrolytic capacitor of the present invention uses a conductive polymer dispersion in which conductive polymer particles are dispersed in a solvent in a capacitor element in which an anode electrode foil and a cathode electrode foil are wound via a separator.
- the void in the capacitor element in which the solid electrolyte layer was formed was filled with an electrolyte solution containing less than 9 wt% of a compound compound of an inorganic acid and an organic acid as a solute. It is characterized by.
- An example of a method for producing a solid electrolytic capacitor according to the present invention is as follows. That is, an anode foil and a cathode foil having an oxide film layer formed on the surface are wound through a separator to form a capacitor element, and this capacitor element is subjected to repair formation (first step). Subsequently, the capacitor element is impregnated with a conductive polymer dispersion in which conductive polymer particles are dispersed in a solvent to form a solid electrolyte layer (second step). Thereafter, the capacitor element is immersed in a predetermined electrolytic solution, and the electrolytic solution is filled in the void in the capacitor element in which the solid electrolyte layer is formed (third step). Then, this capacitor element is inserted into the outer case, a sealing rubber is attached to the opening end, and sealing is performed by caulking, and then aging is performed to form a solid electrolytic capacitor (fourth step).
- the anode foil is made of a valve metal such as aluminum, and its surface is roughened by an etching process to form a large number of etching pits. Further, an oxide film layer serving as a dielectric is formed on the surface of the anode foil by applying a voltage in an aqueous solution of ammonium borate or the like.
- a cathode foil made of aluminum or the like and having a surface subjected to etching treatment is used as the cathode foil.
- a material subjected to chemical conversion treatment a material formed of a metal nitride, a metal carbide, or a metal carbonitride by a vapor deposition method, or a material containing carbon on the surface may be used. .
- separator As the separator, a separator made of a nonwoven fabric mainly composed of synthetic fibers or a separator made of glass fibers can be used. As synthetic fibers, polyester fibers, nylon fibers, rayon fibers and the like are suitable. Moreover, you may use the separator which consists of natural fibers.
- the chemical solution for restoration chemical conversion As the chemical solution for restoration chemical conversion, phosphoric acid type chemicals such as ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate, boric acid type chemicals such as ammonium borate, and adipic acid type chemicals such as ammonium adipate, etc. Although a liquid can be used, it is preferable to use ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.
- the immersion time is preferably 5 to 120 minutes.
- the conductive polymer dispersion is preferably a mixture of PEDOT powder and a solid content of a dopant made of polystyrene sulfonic acid.
- the solvent of the conductive polymer dispersion may be any solvent that dissolves the conductive polymer particles or powder, and water is mainly used.
- ethylene glycol may be used alone or as a mixture as a solvent for the dispersion. It has been found that the use of ethylene glycol as a solvent for the dispersion can particularly reduce ESR among the electrical properties of the product.
- various additives may be added to the conductive polymer dispersion, or neutralization may be performed by adding a cation.
- ESR can be reduced, and deterioration of the withstand voltage characteristics due to lead-free reflow or the like can be prevented.
- the time for impregnating the conductive polymer dispersion with the capacitor element is determined by the size of the capacitor element, but for a capacitor element having a diameter of about 5 mm ⁇ length of about 3 mm, it takes 5 seconds or more, and for a capacitor element having a diameter of about 9 mm ⁇ length of about 5 mm. 10 seconds or more is desirable, and it is necessary to impregnate at least 5 seconds. Even if impregnated for a long time, there is no adverse effect on characteristics. Moreover, after impregnating in this way, it is preferable to hold in a reduced pressure state. The reason is considered to be that the residual amount of the volatile solvent is reduced.
- the impregnation and drying of the conductive polymer dispersion may be performed a plurality of times as necessary.
- a solvent that can be used in the electrolytic solution it is preferable to use a solvent having a boiling point of 120 ° C. or higher, which is a life test temperature.
- the solvent include ⁇ -butyrolactone, polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, sulfolane, dimethylformamide and the like.
- the polyhydric alcohol include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, glycerin, 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, and 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol.
- Low molecular weight polyhydric alcohols are preferred.
- a mixed solvent comprising a low molecular weight polyhydric alcohol such as ethylene glycol and ⁇ -butyrolactone is used, the initial ESR characteristics are improved and the high temperature characteristics are also improved.
- the initial ESR is reduced as compared with the case where a solvent not containing ethylene glycol is used, and the capacitance changes over a long period of use. It has been found that the rate ( ⁇ Cap) is small. The reason is that ethylene glycol has the effect of promoting the extension of the polymer chain of the conductive polymer, and therefore the conductivity is improved and the ESR is lowered.
- a protic solvent having a hydroxyl group such as ethylene glycol, has a higher affinity with a separator, electrode foil, or conductive polymer than ⁇ -butyrolactone or sulfolane.
- the amount of ethylene glycol added in the mixed solvent is preferably 5 wt% or more, more preferably 40 wt% or more, and most preferably 60 wt% or more.
- the impregnation property of the electrolytic solution into the capacitor element can be improved.
- ethylene glycol which has a relatively high viscosity
- ⁇ -butyrolactone which has a low viscosity
- the amount of ⁇ -butyrolactone added in the mixed solvent is preferably 40 wt% or less.
- At least one solvent selected from sulfolane, 3-methylsulfolane, and 2,4-dimethylsulfolane may be additionally used in the mixed solvent composed of ethylene glycol and ⁇ -butyrolactone as ion conductive substances. Since these sulfolane-based solvents have a high boiling point, the transpiration of the electrolyte is suppressed and the high temperature characteristics are improved.
- the addition amount of these sulfolane-based solvents in the mixed solvent is preferably 40 wt% or less.
- a salt of a complex compound of an organic acid and an inorganic acid is used.
- the salt include at least one ammonium salt, quaternary ammonium salt, quaternized amidinium salt, amine salt and the like.
- the organic acid include phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, maleic acid, adipic acid, benzoic acid, toluic acid, enanthic acid, malonic acid, 1,6-decanedicarboxylic acid, 1,7-octanedicarboxylic acid, and azelain.
- carboxylic acids such as acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, and glycolic acid, and phenols.
- Examples of the inorganic acid include boric acid, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, phosphoric acid ester, carbonic acid, and silicic acid.
- Examples of the complex compound of an organic acid and an inorganic acid include borodisalicylic acid, borodisuccinic acid, borodiglycolic acid, and the like.
- examples of at least one salt of the compound compound of the organic acid and the inorganic acid include ammonium salt, quaternary ammonium salt, quaternized amidinium salt, and amine salt.
- examples of the quaternary ammonium ion of the quaternary ammonium salt include tetramethylammonium, triethylmethylammonium, and tetraethylammonium.
- examples of quaternized amidinium include ethyldimethylimidazolinium and tetramethylimidazolinium.
- examples of amines in amine salts include primary amines, secondary amines, and tertiary amines.
- Examples of primary amines include methylamine, ethylamine, and propylamine.
- Examples of secondary amines include dimethylamine, diethylamine, ethylmethylamine, and dibutylamine.
- Examples of tertiary amines include trimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, and ethyldiisopropylamine. Etc.
- the amount of solute added using a salt of a complex compound of an organic acid and an inorganic acid, particularly borodisartylate is less than 9 wt%, preferably 7 wt%. Hereinafter, it is most preferably less than 5 wt%.
- the salt of the composite compound has good compatibility with the conductive polymer in addition to the improvement of the chemical conversion property as the electrolytic solution, and the conductive polymer layer in the high temperature durability test is It is considered that the deterioration is less likely to occur, and it is considered that the lower the solute concentration, the more the deterioration of the conductive polymer layer is suppressed.
- polyoxyethylene glycol complex compound of boric acid and polysaccharide (mannitol, sorbit, etc.), complex compound of boric acid and polyhydric alcohol, nitro compound (o-nitrobenzoic acid) M-nitrobenzoic acid, p-nitrobenzoic acid, o-nitrophenol, m-nitrophenol, p-nitrophenol, etc.), phosphoric acid esters and the like.
- the filling amount is arbitrary as long as the gap in the capacitor element can be filled, but 3 to 100% of the gap in the capacitor element is preferable.
- the capacitor element is impregnated with a predetermined electrolytic solution, and the electrolytic solution is filled in the void portion in the capacitor element, so that ESR at a high temperature is performed. Good characteristics.
- electrolytic solutions in which the blending ratio of ethylene glycol and ammonium borodisalicylate was changed were prepared (Examples 1 to 4, Comparative Example 1).
- Reference Example 1 an electrolytic solution in which ethylene glycol and triethylamine phthalate were blended at a ratio of 99: 1 was prepared. And the withstand voltage of these electrolyte solutions was evaluated.
- Table 1 also shows the results obtained by impregnating the electrolytic solution prepared in Examples 1 to 4, Comparative Example 1 and Reference Example 1 into a measuring capacitor element and measuring the withstand voltage.
- the measurement method was as described in Examples 1 to 4, Comparative Example 1 and Reference Example 1 without forming a conductive polymer layer on a capacitor element in which an anode foil having an oxide film and a cathode foil were wound through a separator.
- the electrolytic solution was impregnated, and the breakdown voltage was measured at a current density of 10 mA at room temperature.
- the withstand voltage was 171 V when the amount of ammonium borodisalicylate was 9 wt% (Comparative Example 1), 220 V at 7 wt% (Example 4), 251 V at 5 wt% (Example 3), 3 wt% was 272 V (Example 2) and 1 wt% was 281 V (Example 1), and the withstand voltage improved as the amount of ammonium borodisalicylate in the solute decreased. Moreover, when Example 1 and Reference Example 1 are compared, the withstand voltage is improved nearly three times even though the amount of solute is the same. For this reason, it has been found that the withstand voltage is remarkably improved by setting the amount of ammonium borodisalicylate to less than 9 wt%, particularly 7 wt% or less.
- the withstand voltage was 170 V when the amount of trimethylamine borodisalicylate was 9 wt% (Comparative Example 2), 220 V at 7 wt% (Example 8), 250 V at 5 wt% (Example 7), 3 wt% was 270 V (Example 6), and 1 wt% was 280 V (Example 5).
- the withstand voltage improved as the amount of trimethylamine borodisalicylate in the solute decreased. Further, when Example 5 and Reference Example 1 are compared, the withstand voltage is improved nearly three times despite the same amount of solute.
- the withstand voltage is drastically improved when the amount of triethylamine borodisalicylate is less than 9 wt%, particularly 7 wt% or less.
- the solid electrolytic capacitors of Examples 9 to 18 and Reference Example 2 were manufactured as follows. First, an electrode drawing means is connected to an anode foil and a cathode foil each having an oxide film layer formed on the surface, and both electrode foils are wound through a separator to form a capacitor element having a diameter of 10 mm ⁇ length of 12.5 mm. Formed. And this capacitor
- PEDOT fine particles and polystyrene sulfonic acid were immersed in a conductive polymer dispersion dispersed in an aqueous solution containing 5 wt% of ethylene glycol, and the capacitor element was pulled up and dried at about 150 ° C. Further, this capacitor element was dipped in a conductive polymer dispersion and dried a plurality of times to form a conductive polymer layer made of a conductive polymer on the capacitor element. Thereafter, as shown in Table 3, this capacitor element was filled with an electrolytic solution in which the type of electrolytic solution and the mixing ratio of the solvent were changed (Examples 9 to 18 and Reference Example 2).
- the compounding ratio of the electrolyte solution shown in Table 3 is shown in parts by weight.
- condenser elements were inserted in the bottomed cylindrical exterior case, sealing rubber
- the solid electrolytic capacitor has a rated voltage of 100 WV and a rated capacity of 33 ⁇ F.
- Table 3 shows the results of the initial ESR characteristics, the ESR characteristics when subjected to a no-load standing test at 125 ° C. for 1500 hours, and ⁇ Cap for these solid electrolytic capacitors. In the present specification, all ESR characteristics show values at 100 kHz (20 ° C.).
- Example 9 when the content of ethylene glycol as the solvent of the electrolytic solution is 100% compared to the other examples, the characteristic deterioration after the initial ESR and the high temperature test is minimized. I understood.
- the initial ESR slightly increased when triethylamine phthalate was used as the solute of the electrolyte even when the content of ethylene glycol as the solvent of the electrolyte was 100%. .
- the characteristic deterioration after the test was larger than that in Example 9, and in particular, the ESR was nearly three times larger.
- Example 10 using ammonium borodisalicylate has a lower initial ESR than Example 16 using trimethylamine borodisalicylate. It was also found that the characteristic deterioration was small.
- Example 16 using trimethylamine borodisalicylate has a lower initial ESR than Example 17 using triethylamine borodisalicylate. It was also found that the characteristic deterioration was small. As a result of the withstand voltage test separately conducted, the characteristics of Example 16 and Example 17 were equivalent.
- Example 18 in which not only ethylene glycol but also polyoxyethylene glycol was added as a solvent was more effective than Example 10 in which polyoxyethylene glycol was not used as a solvent. ⁇ Cap after the high temperature test was improved. Thereby, it is thought that polyoxyethylene glycol is effective in improving ⁇ Cap after the high temperature test.
- the solid electrolytic capacitors of Examples 19 to 21 and Comparative Example 3 were produced as follows. First, an electrode drawing means is connected to an anode foil and a cathode foil each having an oxide film layer formed on the surface, and both electrode foils are wound via a separator to form a capacitor element having a diameter of 10 mm ⁇ length of 12.5 mm Formed. And this capacitor
- PEDOT fine particles and polystyrene sulfonic acid were immersed in a conductive polymer dispersion dispersed in an aqueous solution containing 5 wt% of ethylene glycol, and the capacitor element was pulled up and dried at about 150 ° C. Further, this capacitor element was dipped in a conductive polymer dispersion and dried a plurality of times to form a conductive polymer layer made of a conductive polymer on the capacitor element. Thereafter, as shown in Table 4, this capacitor element was filled with an electrolytic solution in which the blending ratio of ethylene glycol and ammonium borodisalicylate was changed (Examples 19 to 21 and Comparative Example 3).
- phosphate ester and nitro compound were added as additives.
- the additive was added so that the total amount of phosphate ester and nitro compound in the electrolyte was 2.5 wt%.
- condenser elements were inserted in the bottomed cylindrical exterior case, sealing rubber
- the solid electrolytic capacitor has a rated voltage of 100 WV and a rated capacity of 33 ⁇ F.
- Table 4 shows the results of the initial ESR characteristics and the ESR characteristics when a no-load standing test is performed at 150 ° C. for 1000 hours with these solid electrolytic capacitors.
- ESR is greatly reduced when the amount of ammonium borodisalicylate is less than 9 wt%, particularly 7 wt% or less.
- the initial ESR of the electrolytic capacitor using only the electrolytic solution as the electrolyte is about 470 m ⁇ .
- the ESR was 470 m ⁇ or less after the standing test as well as the initial ESR, and the electrical characteristics were excellent.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明に係る固体電解コンデンサの製造方法の一例は、以下の通りである。すなわち、表面に酸化皮膜層が形成された陽極箔と陰極箔をセパレータを介して巻回して、コンデンサ素子を形成し、このコンデンサ素子に修復化成を施す(第1の工程)。続いて、このコンデンサ素子に、導電性高分子の粒子が溶媒に分散した導電性高分子分散体を含浸させて固体電解質層を形成する(第2の工程)。その後、このコンデンサ素子を所定の電解液に浸漬して、固体電解質層が形成されたコンデンサ素子内の空隙部にこの電解液を充填する(第3の工程)。そして、このコンデンサ素子を外装ケースに挿入し、開口端部に封口ゴムを装着して、加締め加工によって封止した後、エージングを行い、固体電解コンデンサを形成する(第4の工程)。
陽極箔としては、アルミニウム等の弁作用金属からなり、その表面をエッチング処理により粗面化して多数のエッチングピットを形成している。更にこの陽極箔の表面には、ホウ酸アンモニウム等の水溶液中で電圧を印加して誘電体となる酸化皮膜層を形成している。陰極箔としては、陽極箔と同様にアルミニウム等からなり、表面にエッチング処理が施されているものを用いる。また、必要に応じて、化成処理を施したものや、金属窒化物、金属炭化物、金属炭窒化物からなる層を蒸着法により形成したもの、あるいは表面に炭素を含有したものを用いても良い。
セパレータとしては、合成繊維を主体とする不織布からなるセパレータや、ガラス繊維からなるセパレータを用いることができる。合成繊維としては、ポリエステル繊維、ナイロン繊維、レーヨン繊維等が好適である。また、天然繊維からなるセパレータを用いてもよい。
修復化成の化成液としては、リン酸二水素アンモニウム、リン酸水素二アンモニウム等のリン酸系の化成液、ホウ酸アンモニウム等のホウ酸系の化成液、アジピン酸アンモニウム等のアジピン酸系の化成液を用いることができるが、なかでも、リン酸二水素アンモニウムを用いることが望ましい。また、浸漬時間は、5~120分が望ましい。
導電性高分子分散体は、PEDOTの粉末とポリスチレンスルホン酸からなるドーパントの固形分を混合したものが好ましい。また、導電性高分子分散体の溶媒は、導電性高分子の粒子または粉末が溶解するものであれば良く、主として水が用いられる。ただし、必要に応じて分散体の溶媒としてエチレングリコールを単独で又は混合して用いてもよい。分散体の溶媒としてエチレングリコールを用いると、製品の電気的特性のうち、特にESRを低減できることが判明している。
コンデンサ素子を導電性高分子分散体に含浸する時間は、コンデンサ素子の大きさによって決まるが、直径5mm×長さ3mm程度のコンデンサ素子では5秒以上、直径9mm×長さ5mm程度のコンデンサ素子では10秒以上が望ましく、最低でも5秒間は含浸することが必要である。なお、長時間含浸しても特性上の弊害はない。また、このように含浸した後、減圧状態で保持すると好適である。その理由は、揮発性溶媒の残留量が少なくなるためであると考えられる。また、導電性高分子分散体の含浸ならびに乾燥は、必要に応じて複数回行ってもよい。
電解液に使用できる溶媒としては、その沸点が、寿命試験温度である120℃以上の溶媒を用いることが好ましい。溶媒の例としては、γ-ブチロラクトン、エチレングリコールなどの多価アルコール、スルホラン、ジメチルホルムアミド等が挙げられる。多価アルコールとしては、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、1,2-プロパンジオール、グリセリン、1,3-プロパンジオール、1,3-ブタンジオール、2-メチル-2,4-ペンタンジオールなどの低分子量の多価アルコールがよい。特に、エチレングリコールなどの低分子量の多価アルコールおよびγ-ブチロラクトンからなる混合溶媒を用いると、初期のESR特性が良好となり、さらに高温特性も良好となる。
上記のような電解液をコンデンサ素子に充填する場合、その充填量は、コンデンサ素子内の空隙部に充填できれば任意であるが、コンデンサ素子内の空隙部の3~100%が好ましい。
上記のように、コンデンサ素子内に導電性ポリマーを形成した後、このコンデンサ素子を所定の電解液に含浸させて、コンデンサ素子内の空隙部にこの電解液を充填することにより、高温でのESR特性が良好になる。
このため、ボロジサリチル酸アンモニウムの量を9wt%未満、特に7wt%以下とすることにより、耐電圧が飛躍的に向上することが判明した。
まず、表面に酸化皮膜層が形成された陽極箔と陰極箔に電極引き出し手段を接続し、両電極箔をセパレータを介して巻回して、素子形状が直径10mm×長さ12.5mmのコンデンサ素子を形成した。そして、このコンデンサ素子をリン酸二水素アンモニウム水溶液に40分間浸漬して、修復化成を行った。その後、PEDOTの微粒子とポリスチレンスルホン酸をエチレングリコールを5wt%含む水溶液に分散した導電性高分子分散体に浸漬し、コンデンサ素子を引き上げて約150℃で乾燥した。さらに、このコンデンサ素子の導電性高分子分散体への浸漬-乾燥を複数回繰り返して、コンデンサ素子に導電性高分子からなる導電性高分子層を形成した。その後、このコンデンサ素子に、表3に示すように、電解液の種類と溶媒の配合比を変化させた電解液を充填した(実施例9~18、および参考例2)。なお、表3に示す電解液の配合比は重量部で示している。そして、これらのコンデンサ素子を有底筒状の外装ケースに挿入し、開口端部に封口ゴムを装着して、加締め加工によって封止した。その後に、電圧印加によってエージングを行い、固体電解コンデンサを形成した。なお、この固体電解コンデンサの定格電圧は100WV、定格容量は33μFである。
まず、表面に酸化皮膜層が形成された陽極箔と陰極箔に電極引き出し手段を接続し、両電極箔をセパレータを介して巻回して、素子形状が直径10mm×長さ12.5mmのコンデンサ素子を形成した。そして、このコンデンサ素子をリン酸二水素アンモニウム水溶液に40分間浸漬して、修復化成を行った。その後、PEDOTの微粒子とポリスチレンスルホン酸をエチレングリコールを5wt%含む水溶液に分散した導電性高分子分散体に浸漬し、コンデンサ素子を引き上げて約150℃で乾燥した。さらに、このコンデンサ素子の導電性高分子分散体への浸漬-乾燥を複数回繰り返して、コンデンサ素子に導電性高分子からなる導電性高分子層を形成した。その後、このコンデンサ素子に、表4に示すように、エチレングリコールとボロジサリチル酸アンモニウムの配合比を変化させた電解液を充填した(実施例19~21、および比較例3)。各電解液に、添加剤としてリン酸エステルおよびニトロ化合物を添加した。添加剤の添加量は、リン酸エステルとニトロ化合物の電解液中の合計量が2.5wt%となるように調製した。そして、これらのコンデンサ素子を有底筒状の外装ケースに挿入し、開口端部に封口ゴムを装着して、加締め加工によって封止した。その後に、電圧印加によってエージングを行い、固体電解コンデンサを形成した。なお、この固体電解コンデンサの定格電圧は100WV、定格容量は33μFである。
Claims (6)
- 陽極電極箔と陰極電極箔とをセパレータを介して巻回したコンデンサ素子に、導電性高分子の粒子が溶媒に分散した導電性高分子分散体を用いて固体電解質層を形成するとともに、該固体電解質層が形成されたコンデンサ素子内の空隙部に、溶質として無機酸と有機酸との複合化合物の塩を9wt%未満含有した電解液を充填させたことを特徴とする固体電解コンデンサ。
- 前記電解液の溶媒としてエチレングリコール及び/又はポリオキシエチレングリコールを用いることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の固体電解コンデンサ。
- 前記複合化合物の塩は、アンモニウム塩であることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の固体電解コンデンサ。
- 前記無機酸と有機酸との複合化合物は、ボロジサリチル酸、ボロジグリコール酸又はボロジシュウ酸であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の固体電解コンデンサ。
- 80V以上の高圧用途に用いることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の固体電解コンデンサ。
- 陽極電極箔と陰極電極箔とをセパレータを介して巻回したコンデンサ素子に、導電性高分子の粒子が溶媒に分散した導電性高分子分散体を含浸させて固体電解質層を形成する工程と、該固体電解質層が形成されたコンデンサ素子内の空隙部に、溶質として無機酸と有機酸との複合化合物の塩を9wt%未満含有した電解液を含浸させる工程と、を有することを特徴とする固体電解コンデンサの製造方法。
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP15746932.1A EP3104380B1 (en) | 2014-02-05 | 2015-01-28 | Solid electrolytic capacitor and production method for same |
| CN201580002788.2A CN105793940B (zh) | 2014-02-05 | 2015-01-28 | 固体电解电容器及其制造方法 |
| KR1020167017979A KR102305945B1 (ko) | 2014-02-05 | 2015-01-28 | 고체 전해 콘덴서 및 그 제조 방법 |
| US15/217,798 US10115529B2 (en) | 2014-02-05 | 2016-07-22 | Electrolytic capacitor having a solid electrolyte layer and manufacturing method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014020718 | 2014-02-05 | ||
| JP2014-020718 | 2014-02-05 | ||
| JP2014-242367 | 2014-11-28 | ||
| JP2014242367A JP6745580B2 (ja) | 2014-02-05 | 2014-11-28 | 固体電解コンデンサ及びその製造方法 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US15/217,798 Continuation US10115529B2 (en) | 2014-02-05 | 2016-07-22 | Electrolytic capacitor having a solid electrolyte layer and manufacturing method thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2015119020A1 true WO2015119020A1 (ja) | 2015-08-13 |
Family
ID=53777827
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2015/052395 Ceased WO2015119020A1 (ja) | 2014-02-05 | 2015-01-28 | 固体電解コンデンサ及びその製造方法 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10115529B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP3104380B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6745580B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR102305945B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN105793940B (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI646565B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2015119020A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2023536226A (ja) * | 2020-08-20 | 2023-08-24 | ケメット エレクトロニクス コーポレーション | Esr安定化を改良したハイブリッドコンデンサ |
| WO2024095891A1 (ja) * | 2022-10-31 | 2024-05-10 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 電解コンデンサおよび電解コンデンサの製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (28)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015146070A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-27 | 2015-10-01 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 電解コンデンサ |
| CN107112138B (zh) * | 2014-12-26 | 2019-06-18 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | 电解电容器的制造方法 |
| CN108292565B (zh) * | 2015-12-04 | 2021-02-02 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | 电解电容器 |
| DE112017001513T5 (de) * | 2016-03-24 | 2019-01-03 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Elektrolytkondensator |
| US10431390B2 (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2019-10-01 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Electrolytic capacitor and method for manufacturing same |
| JP6893311B2 (ja) * | 2016-10-31 | 2021-06-23 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 電解コンデンサ |
| DE102016125733B4 (de) | 2016-12-27 | 2025-03-20 | Tdk Electronics Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kondensators |
| DE102017117160A1 (de) | 2017-07-28 | 2019-01-31 | Tdk Electronics Ag | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Polymerkondensators und Polymerkondensator |
| DE102017124139B4 (de) * | 2017-10-17 | 2020-02-13 | Tdk Electronics Ag | Elektrolytkondensator |
| CN112106158B (zh) | 2018-05-21 | 2022-08-12 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | 电解电容器 |
| WO2020017530A1 (ja) * | 2018-07-18 | 2020-01-23 | 日本ケミコン株式会社 | 固体電解コンデンサ |
| US11749464B2 (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2023-09-05 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Electrolytic capacitor |
| CN115798934A (zh) * | 2018-07-26 | 2023-03-14 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | 电解电容器 |
| WO2020033817A1 (en) | 2018-08-10 | 2020-02-13 | Avx Corporation | Solid electrolytic capacitor containing polyaniline |
| WO2020033820A1 (en) | 2018-08-10 | 2020-02-13 | Avx Corporation | Solid electrolytic capacitor formed from conductive polymer particles |
| CN112889123A (zh) | 2018-08-10 | 2021-06-01 | 阿维科斯公司 | 包含本征导电聚合物的固体电解电容器 |
| EP3855463A4 (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2022-05-25 | Nippon Chemi-Con Corporation | SOLID ELECTROLYTE CAPACITOR |
| CN113196429A (zh) | 2018-12-11 | 2021-07-30 | 阿维科斯公司 | 含有本征导电聚合物的固体电解电容器 |
| US11670461B2 (en) | 2019-09-18 | 2023-06-06 | KYOCERA AVX Components Corporation | Solid electrolytic capacitor for use at high voltages |
| WO2021095815A1 (ja) * | 2019-11-15 | 2021-05-20 | 富山薬品工業株式会社 | 電解コンデンサ用の電解液及び電解コンデンサ |
| KR102774931B1 (ko) | 2019-12-10 | 2025-03-04 | 교세라 에이브이엑스 컴포넌츠 코포레이션 | 안정성이 증가된 탄탈 커패시터 |
| DE112020006028T5 (de) | 2019-12-10 | 2022-10-06 | KYOCERA AVX Components Corporation | Festelektrolytkondensator, der eine Vorbeschichtung und ein intrinsisch leitfähiges Polymer enthält |
| EP3889980A1 (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2021-10-06 | Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co KG | Process for producing polymer capacitors for high reliability applications |
| US11631548B2 (en) | 2020-06-08 | 2023-04-18 | KYOCERA AVX Components Corporation | Solid electrolytic capacitor containing a moisture barrier |
| CN112420391A (zh) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-02-26 | 益阳市万京源电子有限公司 | 一种耐大电流冲击的固态铝电解电容器及其制备方法 |
| CN118160057A (zh) * | 2021-09-30 | 2024-06-07 | 日本贵弥功株式会社 | 固体电解电容器及制造方法 |
| JP2024079211A (ja) * | 2022-11-30 | 2024-06-11 | ルビコン株式会社 | 導電性高分子化合物を有する電解コンデンサ及びその製造方法 |
| WO2024214445A1 (ja) | 2023-04-10 | 2024-10-17 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | ハイブリッド型電解コンデンサ用電解液及びハイブリッド型電解コンデンサ |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0291917A (ja) * | 1988-09-29 | 1990-03-30 | Shinei Tsushin Kogyo Kk | 電解コンデンサ駆動用電解液 |
| JPH0391225A (ja) * | 1989-09-04 | 1991-04-16 | Japan Carlit Co Ltd:The | 電解コンデンサ駆動用電解液 |
| JP2004134458A (ja) * | 2002-10-08 | 2004-04-30 | Tomiyama Pure Chemical Industries Ltd | 電解コンデンサ駆動用電解液 |
| JP2004134655A (ja) * | 2002-10-11 | 2004-04-30 | Tomiyama Pure Chemical Industries Ltd | 電解コンデンサ駆動用電解液 |
| JP2009016770A (ja) * | 2007-07-09 | 2009-01-22 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 電解コンデンサの製造方法及び電解コンデンサ |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3814730A1 (de) | 1988-04-30 | 1989-11-09 | Bayer Ag | Feststoff-elektrolyte und diese enthaltende elektrolyt-kondensatoren |
| JP3212328B2 (ja) * | 1991-09-02 | 2001-09-25 | ニチコン株式会社 | 電解コンデンサ用電解液 |
| JPH05144674A (ja) * | 1991-11-19 | 1993-06-11 | Nippon Chemicon Corp | 電解コンデンサ用電解液 |
| JP3245604B2 (ja) * | 1993-12-03 | 2002-01-15 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | 電解液及びそれを用いた電気化学素子 |
| JP3459547B2 (ja) | 1997-10-17 | 2003-10-20 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 電解コンデンサ及びその製造方法 |
| JPH11283874A (ja) * | 1998-01-28 | 1999-10-15 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 電解コンデンサ |
| EP1394824A4 (en) * | 2001-05-11 | 2008-01-23 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | ELECTROLYTIC SOLUTION FOR ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR AND ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR USING THE SOLUTION |
| JP2005303062A (ja) * | 2004-04-13 | 2005-10-27 | Rubycon Corp | 電解コンデンサ駆動用電解液及び電解コンデンサ |
| EP1745525A4 (en) * | 2004-05-10 | 2011-03-16 | Nippon Catalytic Chem Ind | MATERIAL FOR AN ELECTROLYTIC SOLUTION, ION MATERIAL CONTAINING COMPOSITION AND USE THEREOF |
| EP2698802B1 (en) * | 2004-09-07 | 2018-05-16 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Electrolytic capacitor |
| JP5305569B2 (ja) * | 2006-06-29 | 2013-10-02 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 電解コンデンサの製造方法および電解コンデンサ |
| JP4911509B2 (ja) * | 2007-04-03 | 2012-04-04 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 電解コンデンサおよびその製造方法 |
| KR101849616B1 (ko) * | 2011-03-01 | 2018-04-17 | 닛뽄 케미콘 가부시끼가이샤 | 중합액, 이 중합액으로부터 얻어진 도전성 폴리머 필름, 폴리머 전극 및 고체 전해 콘덴서 |
| EP2682965A4 (en) | 2011-03-01 | 2014-09-24 | Nippon Chemicon | POLYMERIZATION SOLUTION, CONDUCTIVE POLYMERIC FILM, POLYMER ELECTRODE AND FIXED ELECTROLYTE CONTAINER OBTAINED FROM THIS POLYMERIZATION SOLUTION |
-
2014
- 2014-11-28 JP JP2014242367A patent/JP6745580B2/ja active Active
-
2015
- 2015-01-28 WO PCT/JP2015/052395 patent/WO2015119020A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2015-01-28 KR KR1020167017979A patent/KR102305945B1/ko active Active
- 2015-01-28 EP EP15746932.1A patent/EP3104380B1/en active Active
- 2015-01-28 CN CN201580002788.2A patent/CN105793940B/zh active Active
- 2015-02-02 TW TW104103359A patent/TWI646565B/zh active
-
2016
- 2016-07-22 US US15/217,798 patent/US10115529B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0291917A (ja) * | 1988-09-29 | 1990-03-30 | Shinei Tsushin Kogyo Kk | 電解コンデンサ駆動用電解液 |
| JPH0391225A (ja) * | 1989-09-04 | 1991-04-16 | Japan Carlit Co Ltd:The | 電解コンデンサ駆動用電解液 |
| JP2004134458A (ja) * | 2002-10-08 | 2004-04-30 | Tomiyama Pure Chemical Industries Ltd | 電解コンデンサ駆動用電解液 |
| JP2004134655A (ja) * | 2002-10-11 | 2004-04-30 | Tomiyama Pure Chemical Industries Ltd | 電解コンデンサ駆動用電解液 |
| JP2009016770A (ja) * | 2007-07-09 | 2009-01-22 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 電解コンデンサの製造方法及び電解コンデンサ |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP3104380A4 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2023536226A (ja) * | 2020-08-20 | 2023-08-24 | ケメット エレクトロニクス コーポレーション | Esr安定化を改良したハイブリッドコンデンサ |
| JP2025026990A (ja) * | 2020-08-20 | 2025-02-26 | ケメット エレクトロニクス コーポレーション | Esr安定化を改良したハイブリッドコンデンサ |
| JP7769654B2 (ja) | 2020-08-20 | 2025-11-13 | ケメット エレクトロニクス コーポレーション | Esr安定化を改良したハイブリッドコンデンサ |
| WO2024095891A1 (ja) * | 2022-10-31 | 2024-05-10 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 電解コンデンサおよび電解コンデンサの製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105793940B (zh) | 2019-05-28 |
| JP2015165550A (ja) | 2015-09-17 |
| TWI646565B (zh) | 2019-01-01 |
| EP3104380A4 (en) | 2017-09-20 |
| EP3104380A1 (en) | 2016-12-14 |
| US10115529B2 (en) | 2018-10-30 |
| CN105793940A (zh) | 2016-07-20 |
| US20160336117A1 (en) | 2016-11-17 |
| KR102305945B1 (ko) | 2021-09-27 |
| KR20160117428A (ko) | 2016-10-10 |
| EP3104380B1 (en) | 2020-08-12 |
| JP6745580B2 (ja) | 2020-08-26 |
| TW201539501A (zh) | 2015-10-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP6745580B2 (ja) | 固体電解コンデンサ及びその製造方法 | |
| JP6935438B2 (ja) | 固体電解コンデンサ及びその製造方法 | |
| JP6740579B2 (ja) | 固体電解コンデンサおよび固体電解コンデンサの製造方法 | |
| CN104919555B (zh) | 电解电容器及其制造方法 | |
| JP6610264B2 (ja) | 固体電解コンデンサ及びその製造方法 | |
| JP6827689B2 (ja) | 固体電解コンデンサ及びその製造方法 | |
| JP2018110232A (ja) | 固体電解コンデンサ及びその製造方法 | |
| JP6911910B2 (ja) | 電解コンデンサ及びその製造方法 | |
| JP2017220679A (ja) | 電解コンデンサ及びその製造方法 | |
| JP7294494B2 (ja) | 固体電解コンデンサ及びその製造方法 | |
| JP7067598B2 (ja) | 固体電解コンデンサ及びその製造方法 | |
| JP6795054B2 (ja) | 固体電解コンデンサ及びその製造方法 | |
| JP2021170656A (ja) | 電解コンデンサ及びその製造方法 | |
| JP7115618B2 (ja) | 固体電解コンデンサおよび固体電解コンデンサの製造方法 | |
| JP6965970B2 (ja) | 固体電解コンデンサおよび固体電解コンデンサの製造方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 15746932 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20167017979 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2015746932 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2015746932 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |