WO2015115044A1 - 電池状態推定装置、及び電源装置 - Google Patents
電池状態推定装置、及び電源装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015115044A1 WO2015115044A1 PCT/JP2015/000173 JP2015000173W WO2015115044A1 WO 2015115044 A1 WO2015115044 A1 WO 2015115044A1 JP 2015000173 W JP2015000173 W JP 2015000173W WO 2015115044 A1 WO2015115044 A1 WO 2015115044A1
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- secondary battery
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- H02J7/933—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/446—Initial charging measures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/448—End of discharge regulating measures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery state estimation device and a power supply device.
- a backup power supply device that includes a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery and supplies power from the secondary battery when a commercial AC power supply fails is known.
- a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery and supplies power from the secondary battery when a commercial AC power supply fails.
- secondary batteries used in backup power supply devices are often kept fully charged, and the full charge capacity may not be detected by complete discharge or charging.
- One conventional method is based on the change rate of the SOC (state of charge, also referred to as charge rate) of the secondary battery detected at the timing when the secondary battery is unloaded and the amount of change in the integrated charge / discharge current value. The charge capacity is calculated (see Patent Document 1 below).
- the battery state estimation device includes a first estimation unit that estimates an internal resistance of a secondary battery at a predetermined timing, an internal resistance of the secondary battery at an initial state, and an internal resistance of the secondary battery at the predetermined timing.
- a first calculation unit that calculates a first ratio between the internal resistance of the secondary battery in the initial state and the internal resistance ratio of the secondary battery in the deteriorated state, and a secondary in the initial state
- a storage unit storing related data associating a full charge capacity ratio that is a ratio of a full charge capacity of the battery and a full charge capacity of the secondary battery in the deteriorated state; and referring to the related data, the first calculation unit
- a second estimation unit that estimates the full charge capacity of the secondary battery at the predetermined timing based on the first ratio calculated in (1).
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a power supply device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing a correspondence relationship between the internal resistance ratio and the full charge capacity ratio.
- FIG. 3 is a table describing the correspondence between the internal resistance ratio and the full charge capacity ratio.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the state detection unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is an operation flowchart relating to estimation of the full charge capacity according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a view for explaining a power supply device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is an operation flowchart related to break-in charging / discharging during the storage period of the secondary battery according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the conventional method for calculating the full charge capacity of the secondary battery is based on the change rate of the SOC of the secondary battery detected at the timing when the secondary battery is unloaded and the amount of change in the integrated charge / discharge current value. For this reason, the conventional method sometimes fails to calculate the full charge capacity because the secondary battery is no longer loaded when the commercial AC power supply fails and power supply is started from the backup power supply device. In addition, the conventional method needs to detect the rate of change of SOC at the timing when the secondary battery is unloaded and the amount of change in the integrated charge / discharge current value, and the time required for calculation may be increased. is there.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a power supply device 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the power supply device 1 is assumed to be a backup power supply device that is connected to the commercial AC power supply 10 and supplies AC power to the load 11 when the commercial AC power supply 10 is powered off.
- the power supply device 1 includes a battery module 20, a current sensor 30, a voltage sensor 31, a temperature sensor 32, a converter 40, an inverter 50, a power supply switching unit 60, a storage unit 70, and a control unit 80.
- the battery module 20 is composed of one or more secondary batteries.
- the secondary battery included in the battery module 20 is, for example, a lithium ion battery or a nickel metal hydride battery.
- the battery module 20 is constituted by a plurality of secondary batteries connected in series, but the number of secondary batteries constituting the battery module 20 may be one. Further, some or all of the secondary batteries included in the battery module 20 may be connected in parallel to each other.
- discharging and charging mean discharging and charging of the battery module 20 unless otherwise specified.
- the current sensor 30 (for example, shunt resistor, Hall element) is disposed between the battery module 20 and the converter 40 and the inverter 50, and measures the current value Id of the current flowing through the battery module 20.
- the current sensor 30 outputs the detected current value Id to the control unit 80.
- the voltage sensor 31 detects the voltage value Vd of each terminal voltage (potential difference between each positive electrode and negative electrode of the plurality of secondary batteries) of each of the plurality of secondary batteries constituting the battery module 20.
- the voltage sensor 31 outputs the detected voltage value Vd of each secondary battery to the control unit 80.
- the temperature sensor 32 (for example, the thermistor) detects the temperature Td of the battery module 20 (for example, the surface temperature of the battery module 20). The temperature sensor 32 outputs the detected temperature Td to the control unit 80.
- the converter 40 converts AC power supplied from the commercial AC power supply 10 into DC power according to an instruction from the control unit 80, supplies the DC power to the battery module 20, and charges the battery module 20. Further, when charging, converter 40 manages the charging voltage and charging current in accordance with an instruction from control unit 80.
- the inverter 50 discharges the battery module 20 in accordance with an instruction from the control unit 80, converts the DC power supplied from the battery module 20 into AC power, and supplies the AC power to the power supply switching unit 60. Further, when discharging, the inverter 50 manages the discharge voltage and the discharge current in accordance with an instruction from the control unit 80. It can be considered that the converter 40 and the inverter 50 constitute a power conversion unit of the power supply device 1.
- the power supply switching unit 60 receives supply of AC power from the commercial AC power supply 10. Further, the power supply switching unit 60 receives supply of AC power from the inverter 50. Furthermore, the power supply switching unit 60 selects either AC power supplied from the commercial AC power supply 10 or AC power supplied from the inverter 50 in accordance with an instruction from the control unit 80 and supplies the selected power to the load 11. To do.
- the storage unit 70 holds a program executed by the control unit 80 and data used in the program.
- the storage unit 70 holds SOC, SOH, FCC, and the like calculated and estimated by the state detection unit 81.
- the storage unit 70 includes an SOC-OCV table and an SOH_R-SOH_C table.
- the SOC-OCV table is a table describing the relationship between the SOC of the secondary battery and the OCV (Open Circuit Voltage, also referred to as open voltage) of the secondary battery.
- the SOC-OCV table is generated from SOC and OCV data acquired when the secondary battery is gradually charged from a state where the charging rate of the secondary battery is 0%, for example, by a prior experiment or simulation.
- the SOH_R-SOH_C table includes SOH_R (State Of Health_Resistance), which is a ratio between the internal resistance of the secondary battery in the initial state and the internal resistance in the deteriorated state, and the FCC (Full Charge Capacity, full charge capacity of the secondary battery in the initial state And SOH_C (State Of Health_Capacity), which is a ratio of the FCC in a deteriorated state of the secondary battery.
- the initial state refers to a state in which the secondary battery has not deteriorated, for example, a state immediately after manufacturing the secondary battery.
- a deterioration state means the state which has generate
- the SOH_R-SOH_C table is generated from SOH_R and SOH_C data acquired when the secondary battery gradually deteriorates from the initial state by a prior experiment or simulation. A detailed configuration example of the SOH_R-SOH_C table will be described later.
- the control unit 80 manages the entire power supply device 1. For example, the control unit 80 instructs the power supply switching unit 60 to switch the AC power supplied to the load 11 to the AC power supplied from the inverter 50 when the commercial AC power supply 10 is abnormal such as a power failure. In addition, when the commercial AC power supply 10 is restored, the control unit 80 instructs the power supply switching unit 60 to switch the AC power supplied to the load 11 to the AC power supplied from the commercial AC power supply 10.
- the control unit 80 includes a state detection unit 81 and a charge / discharge control unit 82.
- the state detection unit 81 uses the battery state data including the current value Id received from the current sensor 30, the voltage value Vd received from the voltage sensor 31, and the temperature Td received from the temperature sensor 32 to use the SOC, SOH of the secondary battery. , FCC, etc. are detected.
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 causes the converter 40 to execute charge control or the inverter 50 to execute discharge control due to the SOC detected by the state detection unit 81 or a user operation.
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 stores the SOC, SOH, FCC, and the like received from the state detection unit 81 in the storage unit 70 at a timing when the discharge or charging of the battery module 20 is stopped or started. Further, the charge / discharge control unit 82 stops the discharging or charging of the battery module 20 and measures the elapsed time from the start of storage of the battery module 20 with a timer or the like. It can also be considered that the battery state estimation device including the storage unit 70 and the state detection unit 81 is included in the power supply device 1.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the correspondence between SOH_R and SOH_C.
- the points indicated by triangles in FIG. 2 are a plurality of secondary batteries having different degrees of deterioration by charging a secondary battery in an initial state to a predetermined charging rate (SOCa%) and storing it while changing storage conditions such as temperature and period.
- a battery is produced, and (SOH_R, SOH_C) obtained for each of the plurality of secondary batteries are plotted.
- the points indicated by the squares are charged at a charging rate (SOCb%) lower than SOCa%, and similarly stored while changing the storage conditions to produce a plurality of secondary batteries having different degrees of deterioration. (SOH_R, SOH_C) obtained for each secondary battery is plotted.
- SOH_R is obtained from the estimated internal resistance, and this is applied to the characteristic function to obtain the FCC.
- FCC can be calculated
- the correspondence relationship between the characteristic functions is defined by the SOH_R-SOH_C table that associates SOH_R and SOH_C.
- the characteristic function shown by a dotted line in FIG. 2 and also referred to as the first characteristic function
- the secondary battery are lower than SOCa%.
- SOCb% for example, SOC 50%
- the SOH_R-SOH_C table according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a correction amount for correcting the correspondence relationship of the characteristic function according to the SOC size when the secondary battery is stored. Therefore, it becomes possible to define the correspondence between SOH_R and SOH_C suitable for the length of the storage period of the secondary battery, and the FCC estimation accuracy can be improved.
- the SOH_R-SOH_C table describes SOH_C associated with SOH_R by a combination of a reference value and a correction amount corresponding to the SOC size at the time of storage.
- n values of SOH_R sori i is an integer from 1 to n
- the corresponding SOH_C reference value sohci and the correction amount dij can be determined. Then, by adding the correction amount dij to the reference value sohci, the correspondence relationship between SOH_R and SOH_C can be corrected according to the SOC size when the secondary battery is stored.
- the state detection unit 81 includes an SOC estimation unit 810, an internal resistance estimation unit 811, an SOH_R calculation unit 812, an SOH_C calculation unit 813, and an FCC estimation unit 814.
- the SOC estimation unit 810 estimates the SOC_i of the battery cell by integrating the current value Id received from the current sensor 30. Specifically, SOC_i is estimated by the following equation (1).
- SOC_i SOC0 ⁇ (Q / FCC) ⁇ 100 (1)
- SOC0 is the SOC before the start of charging or discharging
- Q is the integrated current value
- FCC is the full charge capacity. + Indicates charging and-indicates discharging.
- the SOC estimation unit 810 reads the SOC and FCC stored in the storage unit 70, integrates the current value Id, calculates Q, and estimates SOC_i according to (1) above.
- the SOC estimation unit 810 uses the current value Id received from the current sensor 30, the voltage value Vd of each secondary battery received from the voltage sensor 31, and the internal resistance R of each secondary battery received from the internal resistance estimation unit 811. Then, the OCV of each secondary battery is estimated, and the SOC corresponding to the OCV is specified. In the first embodiment, it is assumed that the OCV is estimated by the following equation (2).
- OCV Vd ⁇ Id ⁇ R (2)
- the above equation (2) is an example of the OCV estimation equation, and other estimation equations may be used. For example, an estimation formula in which temperature correction is introduced may be used.
- the SOC estimation unit 810 specifies SOC_v corresponding to the calculated OCV with reference to the SOC-OCV table. Specifically, the SOC corresponding to the calculated OCV is read with reference to the SOC-OCV table.
- the SOC estimation part 810 determines SOC which should be employ
- the internal resistance estimation unit 811 estimates the internal resistance R of each secondary battery from the current value Id received from the current sensor 30 and the voltage value Vd of each secondary battery received from the voltage sensor 31.
- the internal resistance value may be specified with reference to map information obtained in advance, or may be estimated from an IV relationship between a current value and a voltage value detected during charging / discharging.
- the SOH_R calculation unit 812 calculates SOH_R at a predetermined timing t from the internal resistance R of each secondary battery received from the internal resistance estimation unit 811 according to the following equation (3).
- Ri represents the internal resistance in the initial state. In the first embodiment, it is assumed that Ri is measured in advance through experiments or the like and stored in the storage unit 70.
- the SOH_C calculation unit 813 refers to the SOH_R-SOH_C table, and obtains a predetermined timing from the SOH_R of each secondary battery received from the SOH_R calculation unit 812 and the SOC at the time of storage of each secondary battery stored in the storage unit 70. Specify SOH_C at t. Specifically, the SOH_C calculation unit 813 refers to the SOH_R-SOH_C table and reads the calculated SOH_R and the reference value and correction amount of SOH_C corresponding to the SOC at the time of storage.
- the SOH_C calculation unit 813 has at least two reference values adjacent to the calculated SOH_R and at least four correction amounts adjacent to the SOC at the time of storage. , And a reference value and correction amount corresponding to the calculated SOH_R and the SOC at the time of storage are calculated by interpolation.
- the SOH_C calculation unit 813 adds the calculated reference value and the correction amount, and specifies SOH_C at a predetermined timing t.
- the FCC estimation unit 814 estimates the FCC at a predetermined timing t from the SOH_C of each secondary battery received from the SOH_C calculation unit 813 according to the following equation (4).
- FCC SOH_C ⁇ FCCi (4)
- FCCi indicates the full charge capacity in the initial state. Similar to Ri, in the first embodiment, it is assumed that FCCi is stored in the storage unit 70.
- the FCC estimation unit 814 outputs the estimated FCC to the charge / discharge control unit 82.
- FIG. 5 is an operation flowchart relating to estimation of the full charge capacity according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the internal resistance estimation unit 811 receives the current value Id received from the current sensor 30.
- the internal resistance of each secondary battery is estimated from the voltage value Vd received from the voltage sensor 31 (S10).
- the SOH_R calculation unit 812 calculates SOH_R at a predetermined timing using the internal resistance of each secondary battery estimated by the internal resistance estimation unit 811 and the internal resistance Ri in the initial state read from the storage unit 70 (S11).
- the SOH_C calculation unit 813 refers to the SOH_R-SOH_C table read from the storage unit 70 using the SOH_R calculated by the SOH_R calculation unit 812 and the SOC at the time of storage stored in the storage unit 70, and at a predetermined timing.
- SOH_C is calculated (S12).
- the FCC estimation unit 814 estimates the FCC at a predetermined timing using the SOH_C calculated by the SOH_C calculation unit 813, and the charge / discharge control unit 82 stores the FCC received from the FCC estimation unit 814 in the storage unit 70.
- the FCC is updated (S13).
- the SOC estimation unit 810 reads the updated FCC from the storage unit 70 and estimates the SOC.
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 refers to the SOC or the like received from the SOC estimation unit 810 and continues the charge or discharge control of the battery module 20.
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 stops the charging or discharging of the battery module 20 and updates the SOC held in the storage unit 70 with the SOC received from the SOC estimation unit 810 before starting the storage of the battery module 20.
- the internal resistance estimation unit 811 estimates the internal resistance R of the secondary battery.
- the SOH_R calculation unit 812 calculates SOH_R based on the estimated internal resistance R.
- the storage unit 70 stores an SOH_R-SOH_C table.
- the SOH_C calculation unit 813 refers to the SOH_R-SOH_C table and calculates SOH_C based on the calculated SOH_R.
- the FCC estimation unit 814 estimates the FCC based on the calculated SOH_C. For this reason, FCC can be estimated easily and in a short time.
- the FCC estimation unit 814 estimates the FCC based on SOH_C corrected with the correction amount included in the SOH_R-SOH_C table.
- the SOC estimation unit 810 estimates the SOC using the FCC updated by the FCC estimation unit 814. For this reason, even after being stored for a long time, the state of charge of the secondary battery can be accurately grasped, and the secondary battery can be charged and discharged safely and accurately.
- a second embodiment will be described.
- a modification technique of the technique described in the first embodiment will be described.
- the configuration and operation of the power supply device according to the second embodiment are the same as those of the power supply device according to the first embodiment, except that the secondary battery is charged and discharged during the storage period, and the details described below are associated therewith. .
- the measured internal resistance may deviate more than the true value.
- the deviation of the internal resistance from the true value may be alleviated.
- charging / discharging also referred to as break-in charging / discharging
- SOH_R is obtained after alleviating the deviation from the true value of the internal resistance. Is applied to the characteristic function to obtain the FCC. As a result, the FCC estimation accuracy is further improved.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the power supply device 1 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the power supply device 1 according to the second embodiment can be configured by adding the discharge unit 90 to the power supply device 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the discharge unit 90 includes a switching element SWD and a resistance element RD connected in series.
- the switching element SWD for example, an n-type MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor) which is one of semiconductor switches can be used. Instead of the n-type MOSFET, an IGBT (Insulated GateGBipolar Transistor), GaN transistor, SiC transistor, or the like may be used.
- the switching element SWD is turned on / off according to a control signal from the charge / discharge control unit 82.
- the discharge unit 90 discharges the battery module 20 via the resistance element RD by turning on the switching element SWD.
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 performs preliminary discharge of the battery module 20 in order to calculate SOH_R every time a predetermined period elapses during the storage period. Specifically, the charge / discharge control unit 82 performs control to turn on the switching element SWD of the discharge unit 90, or controls to turn on a switching element (not shown) so that the control unit 80 receives power directly from the battery module 20. I do.
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 calculates a difference value between the SOH_R (also referred to as a first SOH_R) calculated by the SOH_R calculation unit 812 by the preliminary discharge and the SOH_R (also referred to as a second SOH_R) stored in the storage unit 70 as a difference value.
- a threshold value also referred to as a first threshold value.
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 determines that the deviation of the measured internal resistance from the true value has increased, and turns on the switching element SWD of the discharge unit 90. Control is performed and discharging of the battery module 20 is started.
- SOCc% for example, SOC 80%
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 controls the switching element SWD of the discharge unit 90 to be turned off, and controls the converter 40, so that the battery module 20 Start charging.
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 stops charging when the battery module 20 is charged until SOCd% (for example, SOC 100%) is reached.
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 repeats such break-in charge / discharge control a predetermined number of times.
- the charge / discharge control unit acquires the SOH_R calculated by the SOH_R calculation unit 812 and the FCC estimated by the FCC estimation unit 814 based on the SOH_R.
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 updates the SOH_R and FCC held in the storage unit 70 by using the SOH_R and FCC acquired at the timing of starting the last discharge in the break-in charge / discharge control repeated a predetermined number of times. To do.
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 acquires SOH_R (also referred to as third SOH_R) calculated by the SOH_R calculation unit 812 at a timing before stopping charging for each break-in charge / discharge control, and a difference value between the first SOH_R and the third SOH_R If it is smaller than the first threshold value, the break-in charge / discharge control may be terminated. Thereby, efficient running-in charge / discharge control can be performed.
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 determines whether to continue the break-in charge / discharge control for each break-in charge / discharge control, the difference value between the first SOH_R and the third SOH_R even if the charge / discharge control is performed a specified number of times.
- FIG. 7 is an operation flowchart relating to break-in charge / discharge during the storage period of the secondary battery according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 measures an elapsed time since the previous charge / discharge control was performed during the storage period, and determines whether a predetermined period has elapsed (S20). When the predetermined period has elapsed (Y in S20), the charge / discharge control unit 82 acquires the second SOH_R calculated by the SOH_R calculation unit 812. The charge / discharge control unit 82 compares the difference value between the first SOH_R and the second SOH_R with the first threshold value (S22).
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 executes the break-in charge / discharge control a predetermined number of times (S23). Of the running-in / discharge control repeated a predetermined number of times, at the timing when the discharge of the last run-in charge / discharge control is started, the charge / discharge control unit 82 calculates the FCC estimation unit 814 based on the SOH_R calculated by the SOH_R calculation unit 812 and the SOH_R. The FCC estimated in (1) is acquired. The charge / discharge control unit 82 updates the SOH_R and FCC stored in the storage unit 70 with the acquired SOH_R and FCC.
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 sets the difference value between the first SOH_R stored in the storage unit 70 and the second SOH_R calculated by the SOH_R calculation unit 812 as the first threshold value. Compare. When the difference value becomes larger than the first threshold value, the charge / discharge control unit 82 starts the break-in charge / discharge control.
- the FCC estimation unit 814 estimates the FCC based on the SOH_R calculated by the SOH_R calculation unit 812 at the timing at which the discharge of the last break-in charge / discharge control is started among the running-in / discharge control repeated a predetermined number of times.
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 acquires the SOH_R calculated by the SOH_R calculation unit 812 and the FCC estimated by the FCC estimation unit 814, and updates the SOH_R and FCC stored in the storage unit 70. For this reason, it is possible to estimate the FCC by relaxing the deviation from the true value of the internal resistance by running-in and discharging, and it is possible to further improve the FCC estimation accuracy.
- a third embodiment will be described.
- Charging is performed when the dischargeable capacity of the secondary battery is reduced during the storage period, and the configuration and operation of the power supply device according to the third embodiment are the same as those of the power supply according to the second embodiment, except for the contents described later. Same as that of the device.
- the dischargeable capacity of the secondary battery may decrease due to self-discharge or the like.
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 charges the secondary battery when the dischargeable capacity of the secondary battery decreases during the storage period, and obtains SOH_R at the timing when the charging starts.
- the FCC is obtained by applying this to the characteristic function. Thereby, the estimation accuracy of FCC can be further improved.
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 determines the SOC estimated by the SOC estimation unit 810 every time a predetermined period elapses during the storage period, and a threshold value related to the SOC (also referred to as a second threshold value). Compare. When the estimated SOC becomes smaller than the second threshold value, the charge / discharge control unit 82 determines that the dischargeable capacity has greatly decreased, controls the converter 40, and starts charging the battery module 20. At the timing when charging is started, the charge / discharge control unit 82 acquires the SOH_R calculated by the SOH_R calculation unit 812 and the FCC estimated by the FCC estimation unit 814 based on the SOH_R.
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 acquires the SOC estimated by the SOC estimation unit 810 at every predetermined timing during the charging period. When the acquired SOC reaches an upper limit SOC (for example, SOC 100%) at which charging is stopped, the charge / discharge control unit 82 determines that the dischargeable capacity has recovered to a desired capacity, controls the converter 40, and controls the battery module. Stop charging. At a timing before stopping charging, the charge / discharge control unit 82 updates the SOC held in the storage unit 70 with the SOC acquired at that timing.
- SOC an upper limit SOC
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 starts charging the battery module 20 when the SOC estimated by the SOC estimation unit 810 becomes smaller than the second threshold value during the storage period. .
- the FCC estimation unit 814 estimates the FCC based on the SOH_R calculated by the SOH_R calculation unit 812.
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 acquires the SOH_R calculated by the SOH_R calculation unit 812 and the FCC estimated by the FCC estimation unit 814, and updates the SOH_R and FCC stored in the storage unit 70. For this reason, the deviation from the true value of the internal resistance can be reduced by supplementary charging, and the FCC can be estimated, and the FCC estimation accuracy can be further improved.
- a fourth embodiment will be described.
- a modification technique of the technique described in the first to third embodiments will be described.
- the items described in the fourth embodiment can be applied to the first to third embodiments, and the items described in any two or more of the first to third embodiments are freely combined as long as there is no contradiction.
- the fourth embodiment can also be applied to things.
- the secondary battery when a secondary battery is stored for a long period of time in a state close to a full charge, the secondary battery deteriorates.
- the secondary battery In order to sufficiently supply power to the load 11 when the commercial AC power supply 10 is abnormal, the secondary battery is preferably stored in a charged state close to full charge.
- the secondary battery even when an abnormality occurs in the commercial AC power supply 10, there is a case where sufficient power can be supplied to the load 11 even when the secondary battery is stored in a low charge state.
- the SOC fluctuation history associated with the charging or discharging of the secondary battery is stored, and the charge / discharge control unit 82 charges the secondary battery when the SOC fluctuation width is small.
- the upper limit SOC to be stopped is changed. Thereby, deterioration of a secondary battery can be suppressed, ensuring a suitable dischargeable capacity.
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 acquires the SOC estimated by the SOC estimation unit 810 at predetermined intervals (for example, 10 minutes) during the discharge of the secondary battery, and stores the storage unit 70 as the SOC fluctuation history. To remember.
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 reads the change history from the storage unit 70 at an arbitrary timing after completing the discharge of the secondary battery and starting the charge, and then starting the discharge as the fluctuation range of the SOC during the discharge and then ending DOD (Depthof Discharge, also called depth of discharge) is calculated.
- DOD Depthof Discharge, also called depth of discharge
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 changes the upper limit SOC according to the size of the DOD.
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 changes the upper limit SOC to SOCe% (for example, SOC 50%). Conversely, if the DOD is large (for example, DOD is 50%) and the set upper limit SOC is low (for example, SOC 50%), the charge / discharge control unit 82 changes the upper limit SOC to SOCf% (for example, SOC 100%). To do.
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 may acquire SOH_C from the SOH_C calculation unit 813 and adjust the upper limit SOC according to the received SOH_C. For example, when the DOD is 30% and the set upper limit SOC is SOC 100%, the charge / discharge control unit 82 is changed to SOCe% on the assumption that SOH_C is 100% in the above description. If SOH_C is 90%, the upper limit SOC may be changed to SOCg% higher than SOCe% (for example, SOC 60%). Thus, by adjusting the upper limit SOC according to SOH_C, it is possible to secure an appropriate dischargeable capacity that is predicted from the past discharge situation, while taking into account a decrease in chargeable capacity due to the progress of battery deterioration.
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 may obtain a plurality of DODs for each past discharge with reference to the change history, statistically process the plurality of DODs, and change the upper limit SOC. For example, an average value of a plurality of DODs (also referred to as average DOD) may be calculated, and the upper limit SOC may be changed based on the average DOD. A dispersion value (dispersion DOD) of the plurality of DODs may be calculated, The upper limit SOC may be adjusted accordingly. Thus, by statistically processing a plurality of DODs and changing the upper limit SOC, the prediction accuracy from the past discharge situation is improved, and a more appropriate dischargeable capacity can be secured.
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 acquires the SOC estimated by the SOC estimation unit 810 during discharge, and stores it in the storage unit 70 as the SOC fluctuation history.
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 reads the change history from the storage unit 70 and changes the upper limit SOC. For this reason, while ensuring the appropriate dischargeable capacity
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 acquires SOH_C from the SOH_C calculation unit 813 and adjusts the upper limit SOC according to the received SOH_C. For this reason, it is possible to ensure an appropriate dischargeable capacity that is predicted from the past discharge situation, while taking into account a decrease in the chargeable capacity due to the progress of deterioration of the battery.
- the SOH_R-SOH_C table includes the correction amount for correcting the correspondence relationship of the characteristic function according to the SOC size when the secondary battery is stored
- the SOH_R-SOH_C table may include a correction amount for correcting the correspondence relationship between the characteristic functions according to the magnitude of the terminal voltage when the secondary battery is stored.
- the SOH_C to be associated with the sohri is the m correction amounts dij (j) corresponding to the reference value sohci and the terminal voltage at the time of storage (V1 ⁇ V2 ⁇ ... ⁇ Vm-1 ⁇ Vm). Is described as a combination of integers from 1 to m).
- the charge / discharge control unit 82 stores the voltage value Vd received from the state detection unit 81 in the storage unit 70 at a timing when the discharge or charging of the battery module 20 is stopped.
- the SOH_C calculation unit 813 refers to the SOH_R-SOH_C table, and determines a predetermined timing t from the SOH_R of each secondary battery received from the SOH_R calculation unit 812 and the voltage value Vd of each secondary battery stored in the storage unit 70. SOH_C in is specified.
- the SOC at the time of storage the charging or discharging of the battery module 20 is stopped, and the SOC at the timing when the storage of the battery module 20 is started and the dischargeable capacity of the secondary battery are reduced to a desired capacity. It has been described that the SOC at the timing before stopping the charging to be recovered is held in the storage unit 70. In this regard, the SOC estimated at an arbitrary timing from when storage of the battery module 20 is started until SOH_R is calculated may be held in the storage unit 70.
- a first estimating unit that estimates an internal resistance of the secondary battery at a predetermined timing; and a first ratio that calculates a first ratio between the internal resistance of the secondary battery in the initial state and the internal resistance of the secondary battery at the predetermined timing.
- a calculation unit an internal resistance ratio that is a ratio of an internal resistance of the secondary battery in the initial state and an internal resistance of the secondary battery in the deteriorated state, a full charge capacity of the secondary battery in the initial state and the deteriorated state
- a storage unit that stores related data that associates a full charge capacity ratio that is a ratio with a full charge capacity of the secondary battery, and refers to the related data, based on the first ratio calculated by the first calculation unit
- a battery state estimation device comprising: a second estimation unit that estimates a full charge capacity of a secondary battery at a predetermined timing.
- the storage unit stores the second ratio calculated by the first calculation unit last time, and the storage unit stores the first ratio calculated by the first calculation unit and the storage during the storage period of the secondary battery.
- a third estimating unit configured to estimate a charging rate of the secondary battery, wherein the charging rate estimated by the third estimating unit during a storage period of the secondary battery is more than a second threshold value related to the charging rate; When it becomes smaller, the charging / discharging control unit starts charging the secondary battery, and the second estimating unit is in charge of the secondary battery after starting the charging of the secondary battery during the storage period. Estimating the charge capacity, Item 4.
- the power supply device according to Item 3.
- the storage unit stores a change history of the charge rate of the secondary battery, and the charge / discharge control unit refers to the change history and changes an upper limit charge rate at which charging of the secondary battery is stopped. 4.
- the power supply device according to 4.
- the third ratio between the full charge capacity of the secondary battery in the initial state and the full charge capacity of the secondary battery at the predetermined timing is determined based on the first ratio calculated by the first calculation unit with reference to the related data.
- the battery state estimation apparatus and power supply apparatus according to the present invention are useful for backup power supplies and the like.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の第1実施形態の例を、図面を参照して具体的に説明する。参照される各図において、同一の部分には同一の符号を付し、同一の部分に関する重複する説明を原則として省略する。
SOC-OCVテーブルは、例えば、事前の実験またはシミュレーションにより、二次電池の充電率が0%の状態から徐々に充電していく際に取得されるSOCとOCVのデータから生成される。
ここで、SOC0は充電あるいは放電開始前のSOC、Qは電流積算値、FCCは満充電容量をそれぞれ示す。+は充電、-は放電を示す。SOC推定部810は、記憶部70に記憶されているSOC、FCCを読み出し、電流値Idを積算してQを算出し、上記(1)によりSOC_iを推定する。
なお、上記(2)式はOCV推定式の一例であり、その他の推定式を用いてもよい。例えば、温度補正が導入された推定式を用いてもよい。
ここで、Riは、初期状態の内部抵抗を示す。本第1実施形態では、Riを事前に実験等で測定しておき、記憶部70に記憶しておくことを想定する。
ここで、FCCiは、初期状態の満充電容量を示す。Riと同様、本第1実施形態において、FCCiは記憶部70に記憶されることを想定する。FCC推定部814は、推定したFCCを充放電制御部82に出力する。
第2実施形態を説明する。第2実施形態では、第1実施形態で述べた技術の変形技術を説明する。保存期間中に二次電池の充放電を行うこと、およびそれに伴う後述の内容を除き、第2実施形態に係る電源装置の構成および動作は、第1実施形態に係る電源装置のそれと同じである。
第3実施形態を説明する。第3実施形態では、第2実施形態で述べた技術の変形技術を説明する。保存期間中に、二次電池の放電可能容量が減少すると充電を行うこと、およびそれに伴う後述の内容を除き、第3実施形態に係る電源装置の構成および動作は、第2実施形態に係る電源装置のそれと同じである。
第4実施形態を説明する。第4実施形態では、第1~3実施形態で述べた技術の変形技術を説明する。第4実施形態の記載事項を第1~3実施形態に適用することができ、矛盾なき限り、第1~第3実施形態の内の任意の2以上の実施形態の記載事項を自由に組み合わせたものについても第4実施形態を適用することができる。
[項目1]
所定のタイミングにおける二次電池の内部抵抗を推定する第1推定部と、初期状態における二次電池の内部抵抗と前記所定のタイミングにおける二次電池の内部抵抗との第1比率を算出する第1算出部と、前記初期状態における二次電池の内部抵抗と劣化状態における二次電池の内部抵抗との比率である内部抵抗比率と、前記初期状態における二次電池の満充電容量と前記劣化状態における二次電池の満充電容量との比である満充電容量比率とを関連付ける関連データを記憶する記憶部と、前記関連データを参照し、前記第1算出部で算出した第1比率に基づき、前記所定のタイミングにおける二次電池の満充電容量を推定する第2推定部と、を備えた電池状態推定装置。
[項目2]
前記関連データは、前記二次電池の保存時の充電率の大きさに応じて前記内部抵抗比率と前記満充電容量比率との関連付けを補正する補正量を含む、項目1に記載の電池状態推定装置。
[項目3]
二次電池と、電力変換部と、項目1~項目2の何れかに記載の電池状態推定装置と、前記電力変換部を制御して前記二次電池を充放電させる充放電制御部とをさらに備え、前記記憶部は、前回第1算出部で算出された第2比率を記憶しており、前記二次電池の保存期間中に、前記第1算出部で算出された第1比率と前記記憶部で記憶している第2比率との差分値が、前記差分値に関する第1しきい値より大きくなると、前記充放電制御部は、前記二次電池の放電を開始し、前記第2推定部は、前記保存期間中であって前記二次電池の放電の開始後に、前記二次電池の満充電容量を推定する、電源装置。
[項目4]
前記二次電池の充電率を推定する第3推定部をさらに備え、前記二次電池の保存期間中に、前記第3推定部で推定された充電率が前記充電率に関する第2しきい値より小さくなると、前記充放電制御部は、前記二次電池の充電を開始し、前記第2推定部は、前記保存期間中であって前記二次電池の充電の開始後に、前記二次電池の満充電容量を推定する、
項目3に記載の電源装置。
[項目5]
前記記憶部は、前記二次電池の充電率の変動履歴を記憶し、前記充放電制御部は、前記変動履歴を参照し、前記二次電池の充電を停止する上限充電率を変更する、項目4に記載の電源装置。
[項目6]
前記関連データを参照し、前記第1算出部で算出した第1比率に基づき、初期状態における二次電池の満充電容量と前記所定のタイミングにおける二次電池の満充電容量との第3比率を算出する第2算出部をさらに備え、前記充放電制御部は、前記変動履歴および前記第3比率を参照し、前記二次電池の充電を停止する上限充電率を変更する、項目5に記載の電源装置。
11 負荷
20 電池モジュール
30 電流センサ
31 電圧センサ
32 温度センサ
40 コンバータ
50 インバータ
60 電源切替部
70 記憶部
80 制御部
81 状態検出部
82 充放電制御部
810 SOC推定部
811 内部抵抗推定部
812 SOH_R算出部
813 SOH_C算出部
814 FCC推定部
Claims (6)
- 所定のタイミングにおける二次電池の内部抵抗を推定する第1推定部と、
初期状態における二次電池の内部抵抗と前記所定のタイミングにおける二次電池の内部抵抗との第1比率を算出する第1算出部と、
前記初期状態における二次電池の内部抵抗と劣化状態における二次電池の内部抵抗との比率である内部抵抗比率と、前記初期状態における二次電池の満充電容量と前記劣化状態における二次電池の満充電容量との比である満充電容量比率とを関連付ける関連データを記憶する記憶部と、
前記関連データを参照し、前記第1算出部で算出した第1比率に基づき、前記所定のタイミングにおける二次電池の満充電容量を推定する第2推定部と、を備えた電池状態推定装置。 - 前記関連データは、前記二次電池の保存時の充電率の大きさに応じて前記内部抵抗比率と前記満充電容量比率との関連付けを補正する補正量を含む、
請求項1に記載の電池状態推定装置。 - 二次電池と、
電力変換部と、
請求項1~請求項2の何れかに記載の電池状態推定装置と、前記電力変換部を制御して前記二次電池を充放電させる充放電制御部とをさらに備え、
前記記憶部は、前回第1算出部で算出された第2比率を記憶しており、
前記二次電池の保存期間中に、前記第1算出部で算出された第1比率と前記記憶部で記憶している第2比率との差分値が、前記差分値に関する第1しきい値より大きくなると、前記充放電制御部は、前記二次電池の放電を開始し、
前記第2推定部は、前記保存期間中であって前記二次電池の放電の開始後に、前記二次電池の満充電容量を推定する、
電源装置。 - 前記二次電池の充電率を推定する第3推定部をさらに備え、
前記二次電池の保存期間中に、前記第3推定部で推定された充電率が前記充電率に関する第2しきい値より小さくなると、前記充放電制御部は、前記二次電池の充電を開始し、
前記第2推定部は、前記保存期間中であって前記二次電池の充電の開始後に、前記二次電池の満充電容量を推定する、
請求項3に記載の電源装置。 - 前記記憶部は、前記二次電池の充電率の変動履歴を記憶し、
前記充放電制御部は、前記変動履歴を参照し、前記二次電池の充電を停止する上限充電率を変更する、
請求項4に記載の電源装置。 - 前記関連データを参照し、前記第1算出部で算出した第1比率に基づき、初期状態における二次電池の満充電容量と前記所定のタイミングにおける二次電池の満充電容量との第3比率を算出する第2算出部をさらに備え、
前記充放電制御部は、前記変動履歴および前記第3比率を参照し、前記二次電池の充電を停止する上限充電率を変更する、
請求項5に記載の電源装置。
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Also Published As
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|---|---|
| JP6439146B2 (ja) | 2018-12-19 |
| JPWO2015115044A1 (ja) | 2017-03-23 |
| US20160327613A1 (en) | 2016-11-10 |
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