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WO2015111191A1 - Dispositif électrique - Google Patents

Dispositif électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015111191A1
WO2015111191A1 PCT/JP2014/051532 JP2014051532W WO2015111191A1 WO 2015111191 A1 WO2015111191 A1 WO 2015111191A1 JP 2014051532 W JP2014051532 W JP 2014051532W WO 2015111191 A1 WO2015111191 A1 WO 2015111191A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
active material
electrode active
negative electrode
positive electrode
sio
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Ceased
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PCT/JP2014/051532
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
山本　伸司
荻原　航
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/JP2014/051532 priority Critical patent/WO2015111191A1/fr
Priority to JP2015558668A priority patent/JP6252601B2/ja
Publication of WO2015111191A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015111191A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/483—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides for non-aqueous cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrical device.
  • the electric device according to the present invention is used, for example, as a secondary battery, a capacitor or the like as a driving power source or auxiliary power source for motors of vehicles such as electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, and hybrid electric vehicles.
  • Motor drive secondary batteries are required to have extremely high output characteristics and high energy compared to consumer lithium ion secondary batteries used in mobile phones and notebook computers. Therefore, lithium ion secondary batteries having the highest theoretical energy among all the batteries are attracting attention, and are currently being developed rapidly.
  • a lithium ion secondary battery includes a positive electrode in which a positive electrode active material or the like is applied to both surfaces of a positive electrode current collector using a binder, and a negative electrode in which a negative electrode active material or the like is applied to both surfaces of a negative electrode current collector using a binder.
  • a positive electrode in which a positive electrode active material or the like is applied to both surfaces of a positive electrode current collector using a binder
  • a negative electrode in which a negative electrode active material or the like is applied to both surfaces of a negative electrode current collector using a binder.
  • it has the structure connected through an electrolyte layer and accommodated in a battery case.
  • a battery using a SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) material that forms a compound with Li in the negative electrode has an improved energy density as compared with a conventional carbon / graphite negative electrode material.
  • a SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) material that forms a compound with Li in the negative electrode
  • SiO x a material that forms a compound with Li in the negative electrode
  • a conventional carbon / graphite negative electrode material expected to bed as a material.
  • SiO x single crystal nanoparticles
  • amorphous SiO 2 exist in phase separation.
  • Silicon oxide has a tetrahedral structure as a unit structure, and silicon oxides (intermediate oxides) other than SiO 2 correspond to the number of oxygen at the apex of the tetrahedron, 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Although they can be expressed as 2 O, SiO and Si 2 O 3 , these intermediate oxides are thermodynamically unstable and are extremely difficult to exist as single crystals. Therefore, SiO x is composed of an amorphous structure in which unit structures are irregularly arranged, and this amorphous structure is an amorphous structure in which a plurality of amorphous compounds are formed without forming an interface. The structure is mainly composed of a homogeneous amorphous structure portion. Therefore, SiO x has a structure in which Si nanoparticles are dispersed in amorphous SiO 2 .
  • Li y SiO x such as Li 4 SiO 4 , Li 2 SiO 3 , Li 2 Si 2 O 5 , Li 2 Si 3 O 8 , Li 6 Si 4 O 11, etc. (0 ⁇ y, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2)
  • Li y SiO x has extremely low electron conductivity, and furthermore, since SiO 2 does not have electron conductivity, the resistance of the negative electrode increases. There is. As a result, it is extremely difficult to desorb and insert lithium ions into the negative electrode active material.
  • a lithium ion secondary battery using a material that is alloyed with Li for the negative electrode has a large expansion and contraction in the negative electrode during charge and discharge.
  • the volume expansion when lithium ions are occluded is about 1.2 times in graphite materials, whereas in Si materials, when Si and Li are alloyed, the amorphous state transitions to the crystalline state, resulting in a large volume change. (Approximately 4 times), there was a problem of reducing the cycle life of the electrode.
  • the Si negative electrode active material the battery capacity and the cycle durability are in a trade-off relationship, and there is a problem that it is difficult to improve the high cycle durability while exhibiting a high capacity.
  • Patent Document 1 a negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery containing SiO x and a graphite material has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
  • paragraph “0018” describes that, by minimizing the content of SiO x , good cycle life is exhibited in addition to high capacity.
  • the present invention is satisfactory in rate characteristics while fully utilizing the high capacity characteristics that are characteristic of solid solution positive electrode active materials in electrical devices such as lithium ion secondary batteries having positive electrodes using solid solution positive electrode active materials.
  • the object is to provide a means to achieve the desired performance.
  • a negative electrode containing a negative electrode active material obtained by mixing SiO x and a carbon material and a positive electrode containing a solid solution positive electrode active material doped with a predetermined element are used to apply a negative electrode active material layer. It has been found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by controlling the amount (weight per unit area) to a predetermined value, and the present invention has been completed.
  • the present invention includes a positive electrode in which a positive electrode active material layer including a positive electrode active material is formed on the surface of a positive electrode current collector, and a negative electrode active material layer including a negative electrode active material on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the present invention relates to an electric device having a power generation element including a negative electrode and a separator.
  • the coating amount of the negative electrode active material layer is 3 to 11 mg / cm 2 .
  • the said negative electrode active material layer contains the negative electrode active material represented by following formula (1).
  • SiO x is a mixture of amorphous SiO 2 particles and Si particles, x represents the number of oxygen satisfying the valence of Si, and ⁇ and ⁇ represent the weight percent of each component in the negative electrode active material layer. 80 ⁇ ⁇ + ⁇ ⁇ 98, 3 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 40, and 40 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 95.
  • the positive electrode active material layer contains a positive electrode active material represented by the following formula (2).
  • e represents weight% of each component in the positive electrode active material layer, and 80 ⁇ e ⁇ 98.
  • the solid solution positive electrode active material is represented by the following formula (3).
  • z represents the number of oxygen satisfying the valence
  • a + b + c + d 1.5, 0.1 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.4, 1.1 ⁇ [a + b + c] ⁇ 1.4.
  • one or more elements M selected from the group consisting of Al, Zr, Ti, Nb, B, S, Sn, W, Mo and V,
  • the element M exists in an amount satisfying 0.002 ⁇ [M] / [a + b + c] ⁇ 0.05 when the existing amount of the element M is [M].
  • the positive electrode active material is a solid solution material doped with a predetermined element, an effect that the reduction of the initial discharge capacity due to the initial irreversible capacity of the negative electrode active material can be greatly reduced is obtained.
  • the electrical device according to the present invention can achieve satisfactory performance in terms of rate characteristics while fully utilizing the high capacity characteristics that are characteristic of the solid solution positive electrode active material.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the basic configuration of a non-aqueous electrolyte lithium ion secondary battery that is not a flat type (stacked type) bipolar type, which is an embodiment of the electrical device according to the present invention. It is a perspective view showing the appearance of a flat lithium ion secondary battery which is a typical embodiment of an electric device according to the present invention.
  • a positive electrode in which a positive electrode active material layer containing a positive electrode active material is formed on the surface of a positive electrode current collector, and a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material on the surface of the negative electrode current collector are provided.
  • the negative electrode active material layer has the following formula (1):
  • SiO x is a mixture of amorphous SiO 2 particles and Si particles, x represents the number of oxygen satisfying the valence of Si, and ⁇ and ⁇ represent the weight percent of each component in the negative electrode active material layer. 80 ⁇ ⁇ + ⁇ ⁇ 98, 3 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 40, 40 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 95. Containing a negative electrode active material represented by The positive electrode active material layer has the following formula (2):
  • e represents the weight% of each component in the positive electrode active material layer, and 80 ⁇ e ⁇ 98.
  • the solid solution positive electrode active material is represented by the following formula (3):
  • z represents the number of oxygen satisfying the valence
  • a + b + c + d 1.5, 0.1 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.4, 1.1 ⁇ [a + b + c] ⁇ 1.4.
  • the particle surface of the solid solution positive electrode active material has one or more selected from the group consisting of Al, Zr, Ti, Nb, B, S, Sn, W, Mo and V
  • the element M is present in an amount satisfying 0.002 ⁇ [M] / [a + b + c] ⁇ 0.05 when the existing amount of the element M is [M].
  • a lithium ion secondary battery will be described as an example of an electric device.
  • the lithium ion secondary battery using the electric device according to the present invention the voltage of the cell (single cell layer) is large, and high energy density and high output density can be achieved. Therefore, the lithium ion secondary battery of the present embodiment is excellent as a vehicle driving power source or an auxiliary power source. As a result, it can be suitably used as a lithium ion secondary battery for a vehicle driving power source or the like. In addition to this, the present invention can be sufficiently applied to lithium ion secondary batteries for portable devices such as mobile phones.
  • the lithium ion secondary battery When the lithium ion secondary battery is distinguished by its form / structure, it can be applied to any conventionally known form / structure such as a stacked (flat) battery or a wound (cylindrical) battery. Is. By adopting a stacked (flat) battery structure, long-term reliability can be secured by a sealing technique such as simple thermocompression bonding, which is advantageous in terms of cost and workability.
  • a solution electrolyte type battery using a solution electrolyte such as a nonaqueous electrolyte solution for the electrolyte layer, a polymer battery using a polymer electrolyte for the electrolyte layer, etc. It can be applied to any conventionally known electrolyte layer type.
  • the polymer battery is further divided into a gel electrolyte type battery using a polymer gel electrolyte (also simply referred to as gel electrolyte) and a solid polymer (all solid) type battery using a polymer solid electrolyte (also simply referred to as polymer electrolyte). It is done.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows the overall structure of a flat (stacked) lithium ion secondary battery (hereinafter also simply referred to as “stacked battery”), which is a typical embodiment of the electrical device of the present invention.
  • stacked battery a flat (stacked) lithium ion secondary battery
  • the stacked battery 10 of the present embodiment has a structure in which a substantially rectangular power generation element 21 in which a charge / discharge reaction actually proceeds is sealed inside a laminate sheet 29 that is an exterior body.
  • the positive electrode in which the positive electrode active material layer 13 is disposed on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 11, the electrolyte layer 17, and the negative electrode active material layer 15 is disposed on both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 12. It has a configuration in which a negative electrode is laminated. Specifically, the negative electrode, the electrolyte layer, and the positive electrode are laminated in this order so that one positive electrode active material layer 13 and the negative electrode active material layer 15 adjacent thereto face each other with the electrolyte layer 17 therebetween. .
  • the adjacent positive electrode, electrolyte layer, and negative electrode constitute one unit cell layer 19. Therefore, it can be said that the stacked battery 10 shown in FIG. 1 has a configuration in which a plurality of single battery layers 19 are stacked and electrically connected in parallel.
  • the positive electrode current collector 13 on the outermost layer located on both outermost layers of the power generating element 21 is provided with the positive electrode active material layer 13 only on one side, but the active material layer may be provided on both sides. . That is, instead of using a current collector dedicated to the outermost layer provided with an active material layer only on one side, a current collector having an active material layer on both sides may be used as it is as an outermost current collector.
  • the outermost negative electrode current collector is positioned on both outermost layers of the power generation element 21, and one side of the outermost negative electrode current collector or A negative electrode active material layer may be disposed on both sides.
  • the positive electrode current collector 11 and the negative electrode current collector 12 are attached to a positive electrode current collector plate 25 and a negative electrode current collector plate 27 that are electrically connected to the respective electrodes (positive electrode and negative electrode), and are sandwiched between end portions of the laminate sheet 29. Thus, it has a structure led out of the laminate sheet 29.
  • the positive electrode current collector plate 25 and the negative electrode current collector plate 27 are ultrasonically welded to the positive electrode current collector 11 and the negative electrode current collector 12 of each electrode via a positive electrode lead and a negative electrode lead (not shown), respectively, as necessary. Or resistance welding or the like.
  • the lithium ion secondary battery according to this embodiment is characterized by the configuration of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
  • main components of the battery including the positive electrode and the negative electrode will be described.
  • the active material layers (13, 15) contain an active material, and further contain other additives as necessary.
  • the positive electrode active material layer 13 includes at least a positive electrode active material (also referred to as “solid solution positive electrode active material” in the present specification) made of a solid solution material.
  • Solid solution positive electrode active material The solid solution positive electrode active material is represented by the following formula (3).
  • one or more elements M selected from the group consisting of Al, Zr, Ti, Nb, B, S, Sn, W, Mo, and V are present on the particle surface of the solid solution positive electrode active material.
  • the abundance of the element M is [M]
  • the form in which the element M exists is not particularly limited, and in addition to the form of oxide, the form of a compound with Li can be assumed, but the form of oxide is preferable.
  • the average particle diameter of the material (such as oxide) containing the element M is preferably 5 to 50 nm.
  • the oxide is scattered on the particle surface of the solid solution positive electrode active material.
  • the average particle diameter of the oxides scattered in this manner is preferably 5 to 50 nm, but may be aggregated on the particle surface of the solid solution positive electrode active material to form secondary particles.
  • the average particle diameter of such secondary particles is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m (100 nm) to 1 ⁇ m (1000 nm).
  • a positive electrode active material other than the solid solution positive electrode active material described above may be used in combination.
  • a lithium-transition metal composite oxide is used in combination as the positive electrode active material from the viewpoint of capacity and output characteristics.
  • other positive electrode active materials may be used.
  • the optimum particle size is different for expressing the unique effect of each active material, the optimum particle size may be blended and used for expressing each unique effect. It is not always necessary to make the particle diameter uniform.
  • the average particle diameter of the positive electrode active material contained in the positive electrode active material layer 13 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 30 ⁇ m and more preferably 5 to 20 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of increasing the output.
  • the “particle diameter” refers to the outline of the active material particles (observation surface) observed using an observation means such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or a transmission electron microscope (TEM). It means the maximum distance among any two points.
  • the value of “average particle diameter” is the value of particles observed in several to several tens of fields using observation means such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The value calculated as the average value of the particle diameter shall be adopted.
  • the particle diameters and average particle diameters of other components can be defined in the same manner.
  • the positive electrode active material layer contains a positive electrode active material (solid solution positive electrode active material) represented by the following formula (2).
  • e represents the weight% of each component in the positive electrode active material layer, and 80 ⁇ e ⁇ 98.
  • the content of the solid solution positive electrode active material in the positive electrode active material layer is indispensable to be 80 to 98% by weight, preferably 84 to 98% by weight.
  • the positive electrode active material layer preferably contains a binder and a conductive aid in addition to the solid solution positive electrode active material described above. Further, if necessary, it further contains other additives such as an electrolyte (polymer matrix, ion-conductive polymer, electrolyte solution, etc.) and a lithium salt for increasing the ion conductivity.
  • a binder and a conductive aid in addition to the solid solution positive electrode active material described above. Further, if necessary, it further contains other additives such as an electrolyte (polymer matrix, ion-conductive polymer, electrolyte solution, etc.) and a lithium salt for increasing the ion conductivity.
  • Binder Although it does not specifically limit as a binder used for a positive electrode active material layer, for example, the following materials are mentioned. Polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyether nitrile, polyacrylonitrile, polyimide, polyamide, cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and its salts, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) ), Isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, ethylene / propylene rubber, ethylene / propylene / diene copolymer, styrene / butadiene / styrene block copolymer and hydrogenated product thereof, styrene / isoprene / styrene block copolymer and hydrogenated product thereof.
  • Thermoplastic polymers such as products, polyvinylidene fluoride (P
  • the binder content in the positive electrode active material layer is preferably 1 to 10% by weight, more preferably 1 to 8% by weight.
  • the conductive assistant refers to an additive that is blended in order to improve the conductivity of the positive electrode active material layer or the negative electrode active material layer.
  • Examples of the conductive assistant include carbon black such as ketjen black and acetylene black.
  • the content of the conductive auxiliary in the positive electrode active material layer is preferably 1 to 10% by weight, more preferably 1 to 8% by weight.
  • electrolyte salt examples include Li (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 N, LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 and the like.
  • Examples of the ion conductive polymer include polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polypropylene oxide (PPO) polymers.
  • the positive electrode (positive electrode active material layer) can be applied by any one of a kneading method, a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, a CVD method, a PVD method, an ion plating method, and a thermal spraying method in addition to a method of applying (coating) a normal slurry. Can be formed.
  • the negative electrode active material layer 15 essentially includes SiO x and a carbon material as a negative electrode active material.
  • SiO x is a mixture of amorphous SiO 2 particles and Si particles, and x represents the number of oxygen satisfying the valence of Si. There is no restriction
  • the SiO x may be an electrically conductive SiO x particles the surface of the SiO x particulate is coated with a conductive material by mechanical surface fusion treatment.
  • Si in the SiO x particles can easily desorb and insert lithium ions, and the reaction in the active material can proceed more smoothly.
  • the content of the conductive substance in the conductive SiO x particles is preferably 1 to 30% by weight, and more preferably 2 to 20% by weight.
  • the average particle diameter of the SiO x is not particularly limited as long as it is approximately the same as the average particle diameter of the negative electrode active material contained in the existing negative electrode active material layer 15. From the viewpoint of higher output, it is preferably in the range of 1 to 20 ⁇ m. However, it is not limited at all to the above range, and it goes without saying that it may be outside the above range as long as the effects of the present embodiment can be effectively expressed.
  • the shape of SiO x is not particularly limited, and may be spherical, elliptical, cylindrical, polygonal, flaky, indefinite, or the like.
  • SiO x in accordance with the manufacturing method according to this embodiment of SiO x is not particularly limited, it can be produced by utilizing the production of conventionally known various. That is, since there is almost no difference in the amorphous state / characteristics depending on the manufacturing method, various manufacturing methods can be applied.
  • Si powder and SiO 2 powder are blended at a predetermined ratio as raw materials, and mixed, granulated and dried mixed granulated raw materials are heated in an inert gas atmosphere (830 ° C. or higher) or heated in vacuum (1 , 100 ° C. or higher and 1,600 ° C. or lower) to generate (sublimate) SiO.
  • Gaseous SiO generated by sublimation is vapor-deposited on the deposition substrate (substrate temperature is 450 ° C. or more and 800 ° C. or less) to deposit SiO precipitates.
  • the SiO x powder is obtained by removing the SiO deposit from the deposition substrate and pulverizing it using a ball mill or the like.
  • X value can be determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis. For example, it can be obtained by using a fundamental parameter method in fluorescent X-ray analysis using O-K ⁇ rays.
  • RIX3000 manufactured by Rigaku Corporation
  • conditions for the fluorescent X-ray analysis for example, rhodium (Rh) may be used as a target, the tube voltage may be 50 kV, and the tube current may be 50 mA. Since the x value obtained here is calculated from the intensity of the O-K ⁇ ray detected in the measurement region on the substrate, it becomes an average value in the measurement region.
  • the carbon material that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but graphite (graphite), which is a highly crystalline carbon such as natural graphite or artificial graphite; low crystalline carbon such as soft carbon or hard carbon; ketjen black, acetylene Carbon black such as black, channel black, lamp black, oil furnace black, and thermal black; and carbon materials such as fullerene, carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanohorn, and carbon fibril. Of these, graphite is preferably used.
  • SiO x may not be uniformly disposed in the negative electrode active material layer. In such a case, the potential and capacity that each SiO x develops are different. As a result, in SiO x of the negative electrode active material layer includes a SiO x that react excessively lithium ion, SiO x is produced that does not react with lithium ions. That is, non-uniformity of the reaction between SiO x and lithium ions in the negative electrode active material layer occurs. Then, SiO x that reacts with lithium ions excessively acts among the alloys described above, and the decomposition of the electrolytic solution due to a significant reaction with the electrolytic solution or the destruction of the structure of SiO x due to excessive expansion may occur. As a result, even when SiO x having excellent characteristics is used, in the case where SiO x is not uniformly arranged, the cycle characteristics can be deteriorated as a negative electrode for an electric device.
  • the SiO x when the SiO x is mixed with a carbon material, the above problem can be solved. More specifically, by mixing SiO x with a carbon material, it may be possible to uniformly dispose SiO x in the negative electrode active material layer. As a result, it is considered that any SiO x in the negative electrode active material layer exhibits the same reactivity and can prevent deterioration of cycle characteristics.
  • the initial capacity can be reduced by reducing the content of SiO x in the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the carbon material itself has reactivity with lithium ions, the degree of decrease in the initial capacity is relatively small. That is, the negative electrode active material according to the present embodiment has a large effect of improving the cycle characteristics as compared with the effect of reducing the initial capacity.
  • the carbon material is unlikely to undergo a volume change when reacting with lithium ions as compared with SiO x . Therefore, even when the volume change of SiO x is large, when the negative electrode active material is taken as a whole, the influence of the volume change of the negative electrode active material associated with the lithium reaction can be made relatively minor. Such an effect can also be understood from the results of Examples in which the cycle characteristics increase as the carbon material content rate increases (the SiO x content rate decreases).
  • the amount of electricity consumed (Wh) can be improved by containing a carbon material. More specifically, the carbon material has a relatively low potential compared with SiO x . As a result, the relatively high potential of SiO x can be reduced. Then, since the electric potential of the whole negative electrode falls, power consumption (Wh) can be improved. Such an action is particularly advantageous when used in, for example, a vehicle application among electric devices.
  • the shape of the carbon material is not particularly limited, and may be spherical, elliptical, cylindrical, polygonal, scaly, indefinite, or the like.
  • the average particle diameter of the carbon material is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to 25 ⁇ m, and more preferably 5 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the average particle diameter of the carbon material may be the same as or different from the average particle diameter of SiO x , but is preferably different. .
  • the average particle diameter of the SiO x is more preferably smaller than the average particle diameter of the carbon material.
  • the ratio of the average particle diameter of the carbon material to the average particle diameter of SiO x is preferably 1/250 to less than 1, More preferably, it is 100 to 1/4.
  • negative electrode active materials other than the two types of negative electrode active materials described above may be used in combination.
  • the negative electrode active material that can be used in combination include lithium-transition metal composite oxides (for example, Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ), metal materials, lithium alloy negative electrode materials, and the like. Of course, other negative electrode active materials may be used.
  • the negative electrode active material layer contains a negative electrode active material represented by the following formula (1).
  • SiO x is a mixture of amorphous SiO 2 particles and Si particles as described above, and x represents the number of oxygen satisfying the valence of Si.
  • ⁇ and ⁇ represent weight percentages of the respective components in the negative electrode active material layer, and 80 ⁇ ⁇ + ⁇ ⁇ 98, 3 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 40, and 40 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 95.
  • the content of the SiO x negative electrode active material in the negative electrode active material layer is 3 to 40% by weight.
  • the content of the carbon material negative electrode active material is 40 to 95% by weight. Furthermore, the total content thereof is 80 to 98% by weight.
  • the mixing ratio of SiO x and the carbon material of the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as the above content specification is satisfied, and can be appropriately selected according to a desired application.
  • the content of SiO x in the negative electrode active material is preferably 3 to 40% by weight.
  • the content of SiO x in the negative electrode active material is more preferably 4 to 30% by weight.
  • the content of SiO x in the negative electrode active material is more preferably 5 to 20% by weight.
  • the content of SiO x is 3% by weight or more because a high initial capacity can be obtained.
  • the content of SiO x is 40% by weight or less, it is preferable because high cycle characteristics can be obtained.
  • the negative electrode active material layer preferably contains a binder and a conductive additive in addition to the negative electrode active material described above. Further, if necessary, it further contains other additives such as an electrolyte (polymer matrix, ion conductive polymer, electrolytic solution, etc.) and a lithium salt for increasing the ion conductivity.
  • an electrolyte polymer matrix, ion conductive polymer, electrolytic solution, etc.
  • a lithium salt for increasing the ion conductivity.
  • the present embodiment is characterized in that the coating amount (weight per unit area) of the negative electrode active material layer is 3 to 11 mg / cm 2 .
  • the coating amount (weight per unit area) of the negative electrode active material layer exceeds 11 mg / cm 2 , there is a problem that the rate characteristics of the battery are remarkably deteriorated.
  • the coating amount (weight per unit area) of the negative electrode active material layer is less than 3 mg / cm 2 , the content of the active material in the negative electrode active material layer is reduced in the first place, and sufficient capacity cannot be ensured, resulting in cycle durability. It will get worse.
  • the coating amount (weight per unit area) of the negative electrode active material layer is a value within the above-described range, both rate characteristics and cycle characteristics can be achieved.
  • a predetermined negative electrode active material is used in combination, and the content thereof is adjusted to achieve the coating amount (weight per unit area) within the above range.
  • each active material layer (active material layer on one side of the current collector) is not particularly limited, and conventionally known knowledge about the battery can be appropriately referred to.
  • the thickness of each active material layer is usually about 1 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably 2 to 100 ⁇ m, taking into consideration the intended use of the battery (emphasis on output, energy, etc.) and ion conductivity.
  • the current collectors (11, 12) are made of a conductive material.
  • the size of the current collector is determined according to the intended use of the battery. For example, if it is used for a large battery that requires a high energy density, a current collector having a large area is used.
  • the thickness of the current collector is usually about 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the shape of the current collector is not particularly limited.
  • a mesh shape (such as an expanded grid) can be used.
  • the negative electrode active material is formed directly on the negative electrode current collector 12 by sputtering or the like, it is preferable to use a current collector foil.
  • a metal or a resin in which a conductive filler is added to a conductive polymer material or a non-conductive polymer material can be employed.
  • examples of the metal include aluminum, nickel, iron, stainless steel, titanium, and copper.
  • a clad material of nickel and aluminum, a clad material of copper and aluminum, or a plating material of a combination of these metals can be preferably used.
  • covered on the metal surface may be sufficient.
  • aluminum, stainless steel, copper, and nickel are preferable from the viewpoints of electronic conductivity, battery operating potential, and adhesion of the negative electrode active material by sputtering to the current collector.
  • examples of the conductive polymer material include polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyacetylene, polyparaphenylene, polyphenylene vinylene, polyacrylonitrile, and polyoxadiazole. Since such a conductive polymer material has sufficient conductivity without adding a conductive filler, it is advantageous in terms of facilitating the manufacturing process or reducing the weight of the current collector.
  • Non-conductive polymer materials include, for example, polyethylene (PE; high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), etc.), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyether nitrile (PEN), polyimide (PI), polyamideimide (PAI), polyamide (PA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polymethyl acrylate (PMA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) , Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), or polystyrene (PS).
  • PE polyethylene
  • HDPE high density polyethylene
  • LDPE low density polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PEN polyether nitrile
  • PI polyimide
  • PAI polyamideimide
  • PA polyamide
  • PTFE polytetraflu
  • a conductive filler may be added to the conductive polymer material or the non-conductive polymer material as necessary.
  • a conductive filler is inevitably necessary to impart conductivity to the resin.
  • the conductive filler can be used without particular limitation as long as it has a conductivity.
  • metals, conductive carbon, etc. are mentioned as a material excellent in electroconductivity, electric potential resistance, or lithium ion barrier
  • the metal is not particularly limited, but at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Ti, Al, Cu, Pt, Fe, Cr, Sn, Zn, In, Sb, and K, or these metals It is preferable to contain an alloy or metal oxide containing.
  • it includes at least one selected from the group consisting of acetylene black, vulcan, black pearl, carbon nanofiber, ketjen black, carbon nanotube, carbon nanohorn, carbon nanoballoon, and fullerene.
  • the amount of the conductive filler added is not particularly limited as long as it is an amount capable of imparting sufficient conductivity to the current collector, and is generally about 5 to 35% by weight.
  • the separator has a function of holding an electrolyte and ensuring lithium ion conductivity between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a function as a partition wall between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
  • separator examples include a separator made of a porous sheet made of a polymer or fiber that absorbs and holds the electrolyte and a nonwoven fabric separator.
  • a microporous (microporous film) can be used as the separator of the porous sheet made of polymer or fiber.
  • the porous sheet made of the polymer or fiber include polyolefins such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP); a laminate in which a plurality of these are laminated (for example, three layers of PP / PE / PP) And a microporous (microporous membrane) separator made of a hydrocarbon resin such as polyimide, aramid, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVdF-HFP), glass fiber, and the like.
  • PE polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • a microporous (microporous membrane) separator made of a hydrocarbon resin such as polyimide, aramid, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVdF-HFP), glass fiber, and the like.
  • the thickness of the microporous (microporous membrane) separator cannot be uniquely defined because it varies depending on the intended use. For example, in applications such as secondary batteries for driving motors such as electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), and fuel cell vehicles (FCV), it is 4 to 60 ⁇ m in a single layer or multiple layers. Is desirable.
  • the fine pore diameter of the microporous (microporous membrane) separator is desirably 1 ⁇ m or less (usually a pore diameter of about several tens of nm).
  • nonwoven fabric separator cotton, rayon, acetate, nylon, polyester; polyolefins such as PP and PE; conventionally known ones such as polyimide and aramid are used alone or in combination.
  • the bulk density of the nonwoven fabric is not particularly limited as long as sufficient battery characteristics can be obtained by the impregnated polymer gel electrolyte.
  • the thickness of the nonwoven fabric separator may be the same as that of the electrolyte layer, and is preferably 5 to 200 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 10 to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the separator includes an electrolyte.
  • the electrolyte is not particularly limited as long as it can exhibit such a function, but a liquid electrolyte or a gel polymer electrolyte is used.
  • a gel polymer electrolyte By using the gel polymer electrolyte, the distance between the electrodes is stabilized, the occurrence of polarization is suppressed, and the durability (cycle characteristics) is improved.
  • the liquid electrolyte functions as a lithium ion carrier.
  • the liquid electrolyte constituting the electrolytic solution layer has a form in which a lithium salt as a supporting salt is dissolved in an organic solvent as a plasticizer.
  • organic solvent include carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and ethyl methyl carbonate.
  • EC ethylene carbonate
  • PC propylene carbonate
  • DMC dimethyl carbonate
  • DEC diethyl carbonate
  • ethyl methyl carbonate ethyl methyl carbonate.
  • Li (CF 3 SO 2) 2 N Li (C 2 F 5 SO 2) 2 N, LiPF 6, LiBF 4, LiClO 4, LiAsF 6, LiTaF such 6, LiCF 3 SO 3
  • a compound that can be added to the active material layer of the electrode can be similarly employed.
  • the liquid electrolyte may further contain additives other than the components described above.
  • additives include, for example, vinylene carbonate, methyl vinylene carbonate, dimethyl vinylene carbonate, phenyl vinylene carbonate, diphenyl vinylene carbonate, ethyl vinylene carbonate, diethyl vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, 1,2-divinyl ethylene carbonate.
  • vinylene carbonate, methyl vinylene carbonate, and vinyl ethylene carbonate are preferable, and vinylene carbonate and vinyl ethylene carbonate are more preferable.
  • These cyclic carbonates may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the gel polymer electrolyte has a configuration in which the above liquid electrolyte is injected into a matrix polymer (host polymer) made of an ion conductive polymer.
  • a gel polymer electrolyte as the electrolyte is superior in that the fluidity of the electrolyte is lost and the ion conductivity between the layers is easily cut off.
  • ion conductive polymer used as the matrix polymer (host polymer) examples include polyethylene oxide (PEO), polypropylene oxide (PPO), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene ( PVdF-HEP), poly (methyl methacrylate (PMMA), and copolymers thereof.
  • PEO polyethylene oxide
  • PPO polypropylene oxide
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • PAN polyacrylonitrile
  • PVdF-HEP polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene
  • PMMA methyl methacrylate
  • the matrix polymer of gel electrolyte can express excellent mechanical strength by forming a crosslinked structure.
  • thermal polymerization, ultraviolet polymerization, radiation polymerization, electron beam polymerization, etc. are performed on a polymerizable polymer (for example, PEO or PPO) for forming a polymer electrolyte using an appropriate polymerization initiator.
  • a polymerization treatment may be performed.
  • the separator is preferably a separator in which a heat-resistant insulating layer is laminated on a porous substrate (a separator with a heat-resistant insulating layer).
  • the heat resistant insulating layer is a ceramic layer containing inorganic particles and a binder.
  • a highly heat-resistant separator having a melting point or a heat softening point of 150 ° C. or higher, preferably 200 ° C. or higher is used.
  • the separator is less likely to curl in the battery manufacturing process due to the effect of suppressing thermal shrinkage and high mechanical strength.
  • the inorganic particles in the heat resistant insulating layer contribute to the mechanical strength and heat shrinkage suppressing effect of the heat resistant insulating layer.
  • the material used as the inorganic particles is not particularly limited. Examples thereof include silicon, aluminum, zirconium, titanium oxides (SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , TiO 2 ), hydroxides and nitrides, and composites thereof. These inorganic particles may be derived from mineral resources such as boehmite, zeolite, apatite, kaolin, mullite, spinel, olivine and mica, or may be artificially produced. Moreover, only 1 type may be used individually for these inorganic particles, and 2 or more types may be used together. Of these, silica (SiO 2 ) or alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) is preferably used, and alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) is more preferably used from the viewpoint of cost.
  • the basis weight of the heat-resistant particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to 15 g / m 2 . If it is this range, sufficient ion conductivity will be acquired and it is preferable at the point which maintains heat resistant strength.
  • the binder in the heat-resistant insulating layer has a role of adhering the inorganic particles and the inorganic particles to the resin porous substrate layer.
  • the heat resistant insulating layer is stably formed, and peeling between the porous substrate layer and the heat resistant insulating layer is prevented.
  • the binder used for the heat-resistant insulating layer is not particularly limited.
  • a compound such as butadiene rubber, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), or methyl acrylate can be used as the binder.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • PVF polyvinyl fluoride
  • methyl acrylate methyl acrylate
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • these compounds only 1 type may be used independently and 2 or more types may be used together.
  • the binder content in the heat-resistant insulating layer is preferably 2 to 20% by weight with respect to 100% by weight of the heat-resistant insulating layer.
  • the binder content is 2% by weight or more, the peel strength between the heat-resistant insulating layer and the porous substrate layer can be increased, and the vibration resistance of the separator can be improved.
  • the binder content is 20% by weight or less, the gap between the inorganic particles is appropriately maintained, so that sufficient lithium ion conductivity can be ensured.
  • the thermal contraction rate of the separator with a heat-resistant insulating layer is preferably 10% or less for both MD and TD after holding for 1 hour at 150 ° C. and 2 gf / cm 2 .
  • a current collector plate (tab) electrically connected to a current collector is taken out of a laminate film as an exterior material for the purpose of taking out current outside the battery.
  • the material constituting the current collector plate is not particularly limited, and a known highly conductive material conventionally used as a current collector plate for a lithium ion secondary battery can be used.
  • a constituent material of the current collector plate for example, metal materials such as aluminum, copper, titanium, nickel, stainless steel (SUS), and alloys thereof are preferable. From the viewpoint of light weight, corrosion resistance, and high conductivity, aluminum and copper are more preferable, and aluminum is particularly preferable. Note that the same material may be used for the positive electrode current collector plate (positive electrode tab) and the negative electrode current collector plate (negative electrode tab), or different materials may be used.
  • the tabs 58 and 59 shown in FIG. 2 are not particularly limited.
  • the positive electrode tab 58 and the negative electrode tab 59 may be drawn out from the same side, or the positive electrode tab 58 and the negative electrode tab 59 may be divided into a plurality of parts and taken out from each side, as shown in FIG. It is not limited to.
  • a terminal may be formed using a cylindrical can (metal can).
  • the seal portion is a member unique to the serially stacked battery and has a function of preventing leakage of the electrolyte layer. In addition to this, it is possible to prevent current collectors adjacent in the battery from coming into contact with each other and a short circuit due to a slight unevenness at the end of the laminated electrode.
  • the constituent material of the seal part is not particularly limited, but polyolefin resin such as polyethylene and polypropylene, epoxy resin, rubber, polyimide and the like can be used. Among these, it is preferable to use a polyolefin resin from the viewpoints of corrosion resistance, chemical resistance, film-forming property, economy, and the like.
  • ⁇ Positive terminal lead and negative terminal lead> As a material for the negative electrode and the positive electrode terminal lead, a lead used in a known laminated secondary battery can be used.
  • the parts removed from the battery exterior material should be heat-insulating so that they do not affect products (for example, automobile parts, especially electronic devices) by touching peripheral devices or wiring and causing leakage. It is preferable to coat with a heat shrinkable tube or the like.
  • Laminate film A conventionally known metal can case can be used as the exterior material.
  • the power generation element 17 may be packed using a laminate film 22 as shown in FIG.
  • the laminate film can be configured as a three-layer structure in which, for example, polypropylene, aluminum, and nylon are laminated in this order.
  • the manufacturing method in particular of a lithium ion secondary battery is not restrict
  • a lithium ion secondary battery is not limited to this.
  • the electrode (positive electrode and negative electrode) is prepared, for example, by preparing an active material slurry (positive electrode active material slurry or negative electrode active material slurry) and applying the active material slurry onto a current collector. It can be made by drying, then pressing.
  • the active material slurry includes the above-described active material (positive electrode active material or negative electrode active material), a binder, a conductive additive, and a solvent.
  • the solvent is not particularly limited, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, methylformamide, cyclohexane, hexane, water and the like can be used.
  • NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
  • the method for applying the active material slurry to the current collector is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a screen printing method, a spray coating method, an electrostatic spray coating method, an ink jet method, and a doctor blade method.
  • the method for drying the coating film formed on the surface of the current collector is not particularly limited as long as at least a part of the solvent in the coating film is removed.
  • An example of the drying method is heating. Drying conditions (drying time, drying temperature, etc.) can be appropriately set according to the volatilization rate of the solvent contained in the applied active material slurry, the coating amount of the active material slurry, and the like. A part of the solvent may remain. The remaining solvent can be removed by a press process described later.
  • the pressing means is not particularly limited, and for example, a calendar roll, a flat plate press, or the like can be used.
  • the single cell layer can be produced by laminating the electrodes (positive electrode and negative electrode) produced in (1) via an electrolyte layer.
  • the power generation element can be produced by laminating the single cell layers in consideration of the output and capacity of the single cell layer, the output and capacity required for the battery, and the like.
  • the structure of the battery various shapes such as a square, a paper, a laminated, a cylindrical, and a coin can be adopted.
  • the current collector and insulating plate of the component parts are not particularly limited, and may be selected according to the above shape.
  • a stacked battery is preferable.
  • a lead is joined to the current collector of the power generation element obtained above, and the positive electrode lead or the negative electrode lead is joined to the positive electrode tab or the negative electrode tab.
  • a power generation element is placed in a laminate sheet so that the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab are exposed to the outside of the battery, and an electrolytic solution is injected with a liquid injector and then sealed in a vacuum to produce a stacked battery. sell.
  • the initial charge treatment, gas removal treatment and activation treatment are further performed under the following conditions.
  • it is done (see Example 1).
  • the three sides of the laminate sheet (exterior material) are completely sealed in a rectangular shape by thermocompression when sealing in the production of the laminated battery of (4) so that the gas removal treatment can be performed. Stop (main sealing), and the remaining one side is temporarily sealed by thermocompression bonding.
  • the remaining one side may be freely opened and closed by, for example, clip fastening, but from the viewpoint of mass production (production efficiency), it is preferable to temporarily seal the side by thermocompression bonding.
  • thermocompression it is only necessary to adjust the temperature and pressure for pressure bonding.
  • it can be opened by lightly applying force, and after degassing, it may be sealed again by thermocompression, or finally completely sealed by thermocompression ( Main sealing).
  • the battery aging treatment is preferably performed as follows. At 25 ° C., a constant current charging method is used for 0.05 C for 4 hours (SOC approximately 20%). Next, after charging to 4.45 V at a 0.1 C rate at 25 ° C., the charging is stopped, and the state (SOC is about 70%) is maintained for about 2 days (48 hours).
  • thermocompression bonding Next, the following process is performed as the first (first) gas removal process. First, one side temporarily sealed by thermocompression bonding is opened, gas is removed at 10 ⁇ 3 hPa for 5 minutes, and then thermocompression bonding is performed again to perform temporary sealing. Further, pressurization with a roller (surface pressure 0.5 ⁇ 0.1 MPa) is performed, and the electrode and the separator are sufficiently adhered.
  • the battery is charged at 25 ° C. by a constant current charging method until the voltage reaches 4.45 V at 0.1 C, and then discharged twice to 2.0 V at 0.1 C.
  • a cycle of discharging to 2.0 V at 0.1 C once is 4.65 V at 0.1 C.
  • the battery is charged until it reaches 0, and then discharged once at 0.1 C to 2.0 V.
  • a cycle of charging at 0.1 C to 4.75 V by a constant current charging method at 25 ° C. and then discharging to 0.1 V at 0.1 C may be performed once.
  • the constant current charging method is used as the activation processing method, and the electrochemical pretreatment method when the voltage is set as the termination condition is described as an example, but the charging method is a constant current constant voltage charging method. You may use. Further, as the termination condition, a charge amount or time may be used in addition to the voltage.
  • thermocompression bonding Next, the following process is performed as the first (first) gas removal process. First, one side temporarily sealed by thermocompression bonding is opened, gas is removed at 10 ⁇ 3 hPa for 5 minutes, and then thermocompression bonding is performed again to perform main sealing. Further, pressurization with a roller (surface pressure 0.5 ⁇ 0.1 MPa) is performed, and the electrode and the separator are sufficiently adhered.
  • the performance and durability of the obtained battery can be improved by performing the initial charging process, the gas removal process, and the activation process described above.
  • the assembled battery is configured by connecting a plurality of batteries. Specifically, at least two or more are used, and are configured by serialization, parallelization, or both. Capacitance and voltage can be freely adjusted by paralleling in series.
  • a small assembled battery that can be attached and detached by connecting a plurality of batteries in series or in parallel. Then, a plurality of small assembled batteries that can be attached and detached are connected in series or in parallel to provide a large capacity and large capacity suitable for vehicle drive power supplies and auxiliary power supplies that require high volume energy density and high volume output density.
  • An assembled battery having an output can also be formed. How many batteries are connected to make an assembled battery, and how many small assembled batteries are stacked to make a large-capacity assembled battery depends on the battery capacity of the mounted vehicle (electric vehicle) It may be determined according to the output.
  • the electric device of the present invention including the lithium ion secondary battery according to the present embodiment maintains a discharge capacity even when used for a long time, and has good cycle characteristics. Furthermore, the volume energy density is high. Vehicle applications such as electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, and hybrid fuel cell vehicles require higher capacity, larger size, and longer life than electric and portable electronic devices. . Therefore, the lithium ion secondary battery (electric device) can be suitably used as a vehicle power source, for example, as a vehicle driving power source or an auxiliary power source.
  • a battery or an assembled battery formed by combining a plurality of these batteries can be mounted on the vehicle.
  • a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle having a long EV mileage or an electric vehicle having a long charge mileage can be formed by mounting such a battery.
  • a car a hybrid car, a fuel cell car, an electric car (four-wheeled vehicles (passenger cars, trucks, buses, commercial vehicles, light cars, etc.) This is because it can be used for motorcycles (including motorcycles) and tricycles) to provide a long-life and highly reliable automobile.
  • the application is not limited to automobiles.
  • it can be applied to various power sources for moving vehicles such as other vehicles, for example, trains, and power sources for mounting such as uninterruptible power supplies. It is also possible to use as.
  • Example 1 (Preparation of solid solution positive electrode active material C1) 1.
  • Manganese sulfate monohydrate (molecular weight 223.06 g / mol) 28.61 g, Nickel sulfate hexahydrate (molecular weight 262.85 g / mol) 17.74 g, was added to 200 g of pure water and dissolved by stirring to prepare a mixed solution.
  • the dried powder was pulverized in a mortar and then calcined at 500 ° C. for 5 hours.
  • Lithium hydroxide monohydrate (molecular weight 41.96 g / mol) 10.67 g was mixed with the calcined powder and pulverized and mixed for 30 minutes.
  • This powder was calcined at 500 ° C. for 2 hours and then calcined at 900 ° C. for 12 hours to obtain a solid solution positive electrode active material C1.
  • composition of the solid solution positive electrode active material C1 thus obtained was as follows.
  • composition C1 Li 1.5 [Ni 0.45 Mn 0.85 [Li] 0.20 ] O 3
  • composition of slurry for positive electrode had the following composition.
  • Cathode active material Tin oxide doped solid solution cathode active material C1 obtained above 9.4 parts by weight Conductive aid: flake graphite 0.15 parts by weight Acetylene black 0.15 parts by weight Binder: Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) 0 .3 parts by weight Solvent: 8.2 parts by weight of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP).
  • PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride
  • a positive electrode slurry having the above composition was prepared as follows. First, 4.0 parts by weight of a solvent (NMP) is added to 2.0 parts by weight of a 20% binder solution obtained by dissolving a binder in a solvent (NMP) into a 50 ml disposable cup, and a stirring defoaming machine (spinning revolving mixer: Awatori) A binder diluted solution was prepared by stirring for 1 minute with Rentaro AR-100).
  • NMP solvent
  • NMP spinning revolving mixer
  • the positive electrode slurry was applied to one side of an aluminum current collector with a thickness of 20 ⁇ m using an automatic coating apparatus (Doctor blade manufactured by Tester Sangyo: PI-1210 automatic coating apparatus). Subsequently, the current collector coated with the positive electrode slurry was dried on a hot plate (100 ° C. to 110 ° C., drying time 30 minutes), and the amount of NMP remaining in the positive electrode active material layer was 0.02 wt%.
  • a sheet-like positive electrode was formed as follows.
  • the sheet-like positive electrode was compression-molded by applying a roller press and cut to prepare a positive electrode having a weight of about 17.0 mg / cm 2 and a density of 2.65 g / cm 3 of the positive electrode active material layer on one side.
  • composition of slurry for negative electrode had the following composition.
  • a negative electrode slurry having the above composition was prepared as follows. First, 5 parts by weight of a solvent (NMP) was added to 1.75 parts by weight of a 20% binder solution obtained by dissolving a binder in a solvent (NMP), and the mixture was stirred for 1 minute with a stirring deaerator to prepare a binder diluted solution. To this binder diluted solution, 0.2 parts by weight of conductive auxiliary agent, 9.45 parts by weight of negative electrode active material powder, and 3.6 parts by weight of solvent (NMP) are added, and the mixture is stirred for 3 minutes with a stirring defoaming machine. A slurry (solid content concentration 50 wt%) was obtained.
  • NMP solvent
  • the negative electrode slurry was applied to one side of a 10 ⁇ m thick electrolytic copper current collector using an automatic coating apparatus. Subsequently, the current collector coated with the negative electrode slurry was dried on a hot plate (100 ° C. to 110 ° C., drying time 30 minutes), and the amount of NMP remaining in the negative electrode active material layer was 0.02 wt% or less. A sheet-like negative electrode was formed.
  • the obtained sheet-like negative electrode was compression-molded by a roller press and cut to prepare a negative electrode having a weight of about 8.54 mg / cm 2 and a density of 1.45 g / cm 3 of the negative electrode active material layer on one side. When the surface of this negative electrode was observed, no cracks were observed.
  • ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) 1 in a mixed nonaqueous solvent were mixed at a volume ratio, the concentration of LiPF 6 a (lithium hexafluorophosphate) 1M What was dissolved so that it might become was used.
  • LiPF 6 a lithium hexafluorophosphate
  • the battery is evaluated by the constant current constant voltage charging method in which the battery is charged at a 0.1 C rate until the maximum voltage reaches 4.5 V and then held for about 1 to 1.5 hours.
  • the constant current discharge method was used in which discharge was performed at a 0.1 C rate until the minimum voltage reached 2.0V.
  • the discharge capacity at the 0.1 C rate at this time was defined as “0.1 C discharge capacity (mAh / g)”.
  • the discharge capacity per active material of the positive electrode C1 was 226 mAh / g, and the discharge capacity per electrode unit area was 3.61 mAh / cm 2 .
  • ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) 1 in a mixed nonaqueous solvent were mixed at a volume ratio, the concentration of LiPF 6 a (lithium hexafluorophosphate) 1M What was dissolved so that it might become was used.
  • LiPF 6 a lithium hexafluorophosphate
  • the battery is evaluated by a constant current / constant voltage charging method in which charging (the Li insertion process into the negative electrode to be evaluated) is charged from 2 V to 10 mV at a 0.1 C rate and then held for about 1 to 1.5 hours.
  • the constant current mode was used, and a constant current discharge method was performed in which discharge was performed from 10 mV to 2 V at a 0.1 C rate.
  • the discharge capacity at the 0.1 C rate at this time was defined as “0.1 C discharge capacity (mAh / g)”.
  • the discharge capacity per active material (carbon material) of the negative electrode A1 was 363 mAh / g, and the discharge capacity per active material (SiO x ) was 1,700 mAh / g. Therefore, the discharge capacity per active material of the negative electrode A1 was 505 mAh / g, and the discharge capacity per electrode unit area was 4.08 mAh / cm 2 .
  • the positive electrode C1 obtained above was cut out so as to have an active material layer area of 2.5 cm in length and 2.0 cm in width, and the two current collectors faced each other, so that the uncoated surface (aluminum current collector)
  • the current collector portion was spot welded together with the surface not coated with the foil slurry.
  • an aluminum positive electrode tab positive electrode current collector plate
  • the negative electrode A1 obtained above was cut out so as to have an active material layer area of 2.7 cm in length and 2.2 cm in width, and then a negative electrode tab of electrolytic copper was further welded to the current collector portion to form a negative electrode A11.
  • the negative electrode A11 has a structure in which a negative electrode active material layer is formed on one surface of a current collector.
  • a porous polypropylene separator (S) (length 3.0 cm ⁇ width 2.5 cm, thickness 25 ⁇ m, porosity 55%) is sandwiched between the negative electrode A11 to which these tabs are welded and the positive electrode C11.
  • a laminated power generation element was produced.
  • the structure of the stacked type power generation element is the structure of negative electrode (single side) / separator / positive electrode (both sides) / separator / negative electrode (single side), that is, A11- (S) -C11- (S) -A11. The configuration.
  • both sides of the power generation element were sandwiched with an aluminum laminate film exterior material (length 3.5 cm ⁇ width 3.5 cm), and the above power generation element was accommodated by thermocompression sealing at three sides.
  • LiPF 6 electrolyzed ethylene carbonate
  • DEC diethyl carbonate
  • lithium lithium fluorophosphate LiPO 2 F 2
  • MMDS methylenemethane disulfonic acid
  • active materials were prepared according to Example 1. That is, an active material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 described above, except as otherwise noted below.
  • Solid solution positive electrode active material C2 Li 1.5 [Ni 0.525 Mn 0.825 [Li] 0.15] O 3 was produced.
  • Solid solution positive electrode active material C3 Li 1.5 [Ni 0.375 Mn 0.875 [Li] 0.25] O 3 was produced.
  • Solid solution positive electrode active material C4 Li 1.5 [Ni 0.600 Mn 0.800 [Li] 0.10] O 3 was produced.
  • Solid solution positive electrode active material C5 Li 1.5 [Ni 0.300 Mn 0.900 [Li] 0.30] O 3 was produced.
  • Solid solution positive electrode active material C6 Li 1.5 [Ni 0.225 Mn 0.925 [Li] 0.35] O 3 was produced.
  • Solid solution positive electrode active material C9 Solid solution positive electrode active material C9
  • a solid solution positive electrode active material C9 was prepared.
  • Solid solution positive electrode active material C10 Solid solution positive electrode active material C10
  • a solid solution positive electrode active material C10 was prepared.
  • Solid solution positive electrode active material C11 Solid solution positive electrode active material C11
  • orthoboric acid H 3 BO 3
  • Solid solution positive electrode active material C12 Solid solution positive electrode active material C12
  • Solid solution positive electrode active material Li 1.5 [Ni 0.45 Mn 0.85 [Li] 0.20 ] O 3 not doped with tin oxide was used as the solid solution positive electrode active material C13.
  • positive electrodes C2 to C13 were prepared using the solid solution positive electrode active materials C2 to C13 prepared above, respectively. At this time, the coating amount was adjusted in consideration of the discharge capacity of the solid solution positive electrode active material and the positive electrode slurry composition so that the discharge capacities of the positive electrodes C2 to C13 were 3.61 mAh / cm 2 .
  • the compositions of the positive electrodes C1 to C13 obtained and the measured values of the charge capacity and discharge capacity are summarized in Table 1 below.
  • Negative electrode A2 A negative electrode A2 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composition of the negative electrode slurry was as follows.
  • Negative electrode active material SiO x 0.47 part by weight Carbon material 8.98 part by weight
  • Conductive aid SuperP 0.20 part by weight
  • Binder Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) 0.35 part by weight
  • Solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) 10.0 parts by weight.
  • Negative electrode A3 A negative electrode A3 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composition of the negative electrode slurry was as follows.
  • Negative electrode active material SiO x 2.00 parts by weight Carbon material 7.10 parts by weight
  • Conductive auxiliary agent SuperP 0.40 part by weight
  • Binder Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) 0.50 part by weight
  • Solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) 10.0 parts by weight.
  • Negative electrode A4 A negative electrode A4 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composition of the negative electrode slurry was as follows.
  • Negative electrode active material SiO x 3.00 parts by weight Carbon material 5.80 parts by weight
  • Conductive aid SuperP 0.60 parts by weight
  • Binder Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) 0.60 parts by weight
  • Solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) 10.0 parts by weight.
  • Example 5 (Negative electrode A5) 9.5 g of the negative electrode active material SiO x used in Example 1 and 0.5 g of the conductive auxiliary agent SuperP were mixed and subjected to mechanical surface fusion treatment by a mechanical alloy method, whereby the surface was made conductive with SiO x particles as a nucleus. Conductive SiO x particles coated with a conductive material (SuperP). The content of the conductive substance in the conductive SiO x particles was 5% by weight.
  • a negative electrode A5 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composition of the negative electrode slurry was as follows.
  • Negative electrode active material Conductive SiO x particles 1.05 parts by weight Carbon material 8.45 parts by weight
  • Conductive auxiliary agent SuperP 0.15 parts by weight
  • Binder Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) 0.35 parts by weight
  • Solvent N-methyl- 2-pyrrolidone (NMP) 10.0 parts by weight.
  • Nitative electrode A6 By mixing 9.0 g of the negative electrode active material SiO x used in Example 1 and 1.0 g of the conductive auxiliary agent SuperP, and performing a mechanical surface fusion treatment by a mechanical alloy method, the surface is made conductive using SiO x particles as a nucleus. Conductive SiO x particles coated with a conductive material (SuperP). The content of the conductive substance in the conductive SiO x particles was 10% by weight.
  • a negative electrode A6 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composition of the negative electrode slurry was as follows.
  • Negative electrode active material Conductive SiO x 1.11 parts by weight Carbon material 8.45 parts by weight Conductive aid: SuperP 0.09 parts by weight Binder: Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) 0.35 parts by weight Solvent: N-methyl-2 -10.0 parts by weight of pyrrolidone (NMP).
  • Example 7 By mixing 8.5 g of the negative electrode active material SiO x used in Example 1 and 1.5 g of the conductive auxiliary agent SuperP, and performing a mechanical surface fusion treatment by a mechanical alloy method, the surface is made conductive with SiO x particles as a nucleus. Conductive SiO x particles coated with a conductive material (SuperP). The content of the conductive substance in the conductive SiO x particles was 15% by weight.
  • a negative electrode A7 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composition of the negative electrode slurry was as follows.
  • Negative electrode active material Conductive SiO x 1.18 parts by weight Carbon material 8.45 parts by weight
  • Conductive auxiliary agent SuperP 0.20 parts by weight
  • Binder Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) 0.35 parts by weight
  • Solvent N-methyl-2 -10.0 parts by weight of pyrrolidone (NMP).
  • Negative electrode A8 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composition of the negative electrode slurry was as follows.
  • Negative electrode active material carbon material 9.45 parts by weight
  • Conductive auxiliary agent SuperP 0.20 parts by weight
  • Binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) 0.35 parts by weight
  • Solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) 10.0 parts by weight Department.
  • Negative electrode A9 was produced according to Example 1 except that the composition of the negative electrode slurry was as follows.
  • Negative electrode active material SiO x 9.45 parts by weight
  • Conductive aid SuperP 0.20 parts by weight
  • Binder Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) 0.35 parts by weight
  • Solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) 10.0 parts by weight Department.
  • the irreversible capacity (particularly, the irreversible capacity of SiO x ) in the negative electrode active material, the negative electrode slurry composition, and the like are considered, and the charging capacity of the negative electrodes A2 to A9 is 4.70 mAh / cm.
  • the coating amount was adjusted to be 2 .
  • Table 2 The compositions of the obtained negative electrodes A1 to A9 and the measured values of charge capacity and discharge capacity are summarized in Table 2 below.
  • “ ⁇ ” and “ ⁇ ” mean the respective weight percentages of the binder and the conductive additive in the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the power generation element of each battery obtained above was set on an evaluation cell mounting jig, and a positive electrode lead and a negative electrode lead were attached to each tab end of the power generation element, and a test was performed.
  • the battery aging treatment was performed as follows. At 25 ° C., the battery was charged at a constant current charging method of 0.05 C for 4 hours (SOC approximately 20%). Next, after charging to 4.45 V at a 0.1 C rate at 25 ° C., the charging was stopped and the state (SOC about 70%) was maintained for about 2 days (48 hours).
  • thermocompression bonding One side temporarily sealed by thermocompression bonding was opened, gas was removed at 10 ⁇ 3 hPa for 5 minutes, and then thermocompression bonding was performed again to perform temporary sealing. Further, pressurization with a roller (surface pressure 0.5 ⁇ 0.1 MPa) was performed, and the electrode and the separator were sufficiently adhered.
  • thermocompression bonding One side temporarily sealed by thermocompression bonding was opened, gas was removed at 10 ⁇ 3 hPa for 5 minutes, and then thermocompression bonding was performed again to perform main sealing. Further, pressurization with a roller (surface pressure 0.5 ⁇ 0.1 MPa) was performed, and the electrode and the separator were sufficiently adhered.
  • Rate performance evaluation The rate performance of the battery is evaluated by a constant current / constant voltage charging method in which the battery is charged at a 0.1 C rate until the maximum voltage reaches 4.5 V and then held for about 1 hour to 1.5 hours. This was carried out by a constant current discharge method in which discharge was performed at a 1C rate or a 2.5C rate until the minimum voltage of 2.0V became 2.0V. All were performed at room temperature. The rate characteristics were evaluated as the ratio of the capacity at 2.5 C discharge to the capacity at 0.1 C discharge. The results are shown in Table 3 below.
  • the ratio of the discharge capacity at the 100th cycle to the discharge capacity at the 1st cycle was evaluated as “capacity maintenance rate (%)”. The results are shown in Table 3 below.
  • Capacity retention rate (%) 100th cycle discharge capacity / 1st cycle discharge capacity ⁇ 100
  • the lithium ion secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 18 which are electrical devices according to the present invention have cycle characteristics (capacity maintenance at the 100th cycle) as compared with Comparative Examples 1 to 5. Rate) and rate characteristics (2.5C / 0.1C capacity retention ratio) showed excellent characteristics.
  • Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 4 using the negative electrode A8 In Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 4 using the negative electrode A8, sufficient rate characteristics cannot be achieved as the amount of the negative electrode active material layer applied becomes too large. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 5 using the negative electrode A9, the coating amount of the negative electrode active material layer was too small to achieve sufficient cycle durability. Furthermore, when the positive electrode C13 containing an undoped solid solution positive electrode active material was used, sufficient performance could not be achieved in both cycle durability and rate characteristics even when the negative electrode A1 was used. .

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Abstract

Le but de l'invention est de fournir un moyen par lequel un dispositif électrique tel qu'une batterie secondaire au lithium-ion qui possède une électrode positive utilisant un matériau actif d'électrode positive à solution solide peut présenter une efficacité satisfaisante en termes de caractéristiques de vitesse tout en réalisant suffisamment une utilisation des caractéristiques de capacité élevée qui caractérisent des matériaux actifs d'électrode positive à solution solide. L'invention porte sur un dispositif électrique qui possède un élément de génération d'électricité contenant les éléments suivants : des électrodes positives obtenues chacune par formation, sur la surface d'un collecteur d'électrode positive, d'une couche de matériau actif d'électrode positive contenant un matériau actif d'électrode positive ; des électrodes négatives obtenues chacune par formation, sur la surface d'un collecteur d'électrode négative, de 3 à 11 mg/cm2 d'une couche de matériau actif d'électrode négative contenant un matériau actif d'électrode négative ; et des séparateurs. La couche de matériau actif d'électrode négative contient le matériau actif d'électrode négative représenté par une formule (1), la couche de matériau actif d'électrode positive contient le matériau actif d'électrode positive (matériau actif d'électrode positive à solution solide) représenté par une formule (2), et un matériau actif d'électrode positive à solution solide qui est représenté par une formule (3) et possède une quantité prescrite d'un élément prescrit (M) sur les surfaces des particules en son sein est utilisé en tant que matériau actif d'électrode positive à solution solide dans la couche de matériau actif d'électrode positive.
PCT/JP2014/051532 2014-01-24 2014-01-24 Dispositif électrique Ceased WO2015111191A1 (fr)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009517850A (ja) * 2005-12-01 2009-04-30 スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー ケイ素含有量が高いアモルファス合金に基づく電極組成物
JP2009158099A (ja) * 2007-12-25 2009-07-16 Hitachi Vehicle Energy Ltd リチウムイオン二次電池
WO2013115390A1 (fr) * 2012-02-01 2013-08-08 日産自動車株式会社 Oxyde de métal de transition contenant du lithium en solution solide, cathode de batterie secondaire d'électrolyte non aqueux et batterie secondaire d'électrolyte non aqueux
JP2013229163A (ja) * 2012-04-25 2013-11-07 Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd 非水電解質二次電池用負極及び非水電解質二次電池

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009517850A (ja) * 2005-12-01 2009-04-30 スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー ケイ素含有量が高いアモルファス合金に基づく電極組成物
JP2009158099A (ja) * 2007-12-25 2009-07-16 Hitachi Vehicle Energy Ltd リチウムイオン二次電池
WO2013115390A1 (fr) * 2012-02-01 2013-08-08 日産自動車株式会社 Oxyde de métal de transition contenant du lithium en solution solide, cathode de batterie secondaire d'électrolyte non aqueux et batterie secondaire d'électrolyte non aqueux
JP2013229163A (ja) * 2012-04-25 2013-11-07 Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd 非水電解質二次電池用負極及び非水電解質二次電池

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