WO2015107960A1 - 外部共振器型発光装置 - Google Patents
外部共振器型発光装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015107960A1 WO2015107960A1 PCT/JP2015/050279 JP2015050279W WO2015107960A1 WO 2015107960 A1 WO2015107960 A1 WO 2015107960A1 JP 2015050279 W JP2015050279 W JP 2015050279W WO 2015107960 A1 WO2015107960 A1 WO 2015107960A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/1228—Tapered waveguides, e.g. integrated spot-size transformers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/124—Geodesic lenses or integrated gratings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/028—Coatings ; Treatment of the laser facets, e.g. etching, passivation layers or reflecting layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/028—Coatings ; Treatment of the laser facets, e.g. etching, passivation layers or reflecting layers
- H01S5/0287—Facet reflectivity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/06—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium
- H01S5/0607—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium by varying physical parameters other than the potential of the electrodes, e.g. by an electric or magnetic field, mechanical deformation, pressure, light, temperature
- H01S5/0612—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium by varying physical parameters other than the potential of the electrodes, e.g. by an electric or magnetic field, mechanical deformation, pressure, light, temperature controlled by temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/06—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium
- H01S5/065—Mode locking; Mode suppression; Mode selection ; Self pulsating
- H01S5/0651—Mode control
- H01S5/0653—Mode suppression, e.g. specific multimode
- H01S5/0654—Single longitudinal mode emission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/1003—Waveguide having a modified shape along the axis, e.g. branched, curved, tapered, voids
- H01S5/1014—Tapered waveguide, e.g. spotsize converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/14—External cavity lasers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/14—External cavity lasers
- H01S5/141—External cavity lasers using a wavelength selective device, e.g. a grating or etalon
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12083—Constructional arrangements
- G02B2006/12097—Ridge, rib or the like
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S2301/00—Functional characteristics
- H01S2301/16—Semiconductor lasers with special structural design to influence the modes, e.g. specific multimode
- H01S2301/163—Single longitudinal mode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S2301/00—Functional characteristics
- H01S2301/18—Semiconductor lasers with special structural design for influencing the near- or far-field
- H01S2301/185—Semiconductor lasers with special structural design for influencing the near- or far-field for reduction of Astigmatism
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/14—External cavity lasers
- H01S5/146—External cavity lasers using a fiber as external cavity
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an external resonator type light emitting device using a grating element.
- a Fabry-Perot (FP) type is generally used in which an optical resonator is sandwiched between mirrors formed on both end faces of an active layer.
- FP Fabry-Perot
- Examples of DBR lasers and DFB lasers that have a monolithic grating in the semiconductor laser and external cavity lasers that have a fiber grating (FBG) attached outside the laser are examples of the realization of wavelength-stable semiconductor lasers. it can. These are the principles of realizing wavelength stable operation by feeding back part of the laser light to the laser by a wavelength selective mirror using Bragg reflection.
- FBG fiber grating
- the DBR laser realizes a resonator by forming irregularities on the waveguide surface on the extension of the waveguide of the active layer to form a mirror by Bragg reflection (Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 49-128689): Patent) Document 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 56-148880). Since this laser is provided with diffraction gratings at both ends of the optical waveguide layer, the light emitted from the active layer propagates through the optical waveguide layer, a part of which is reflected by this diffraction grating, returns to the current injection part, and is amplified. Is done. Since only the light of a specific wavelength reflects in the direction determined from the diffraction grating, the wavelength of the laser light is constant.
- an external resonator type semiconductor laser in which a diffraction grating is a component different from a semiconductor and a resonator is formed externally.
- This type of laser is a laser with good wavelength stability, temperature stability, and controllability.
- the external resonator includes a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) (Non-patent Document 1) and a volume hologram grating (VHG) (Non-patent Document 2). Since the diffraction grating is composed of a separate member from the semiconductor laser, it has the feature that the reflectance and resonator length can be individually designed, and it is not affected by the temperature rise due to heat generation due to current injection. Can be better. Further, since the temperature change of the refractive index of the semiconductor is different, the temperature stability can be improved by designing it together with the resonator length.
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-134833 discloses an external resonator type laser using a grating formed in a quartz glass waveguide. This is to provide a frequency stabilized laser that can be used in an environment where the room temperature changes greatly (for example, 30 ° C. or more) without a temperature controller. Further, it is described that a temperature-independent laser in which mode hopping is suppressed and the oscillation frequency is not temperature-dependent is provided.
- Patent Document 8 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2010-171252 discloses an optical waveguide having SiO 2 , SiO 1-x N x (x is 0.55 to 0.65), or Si and SiN as a core layer, and the optical waveguide. Discloses an external cavity laser in which a grating is formed. This is an external cavity laser that keeps the oscillation wavelength constant without precise temperature control. For this purpose, it is a precondition that the temperature change rate of the reflection wavelength of the diffraction grating (temperature coefficient of the Bragg reflection wavelength) is reduced. In addition, it is described that the power stability can be realized by setting the laser oscillation to the longitudinal mode multimode.
- Patent Document 9 discloses a laser as an external resonator using a grating formed in an optical waveguide made of quartz, InP, GaAs, LiNbO 3 , LiTaO 3 , and polyimide resin. This is because the reflectivity at the light exit surface of the semiconductor laser as the light source is the effective reflectivity Re (substantially 0.1 to 38.4%), and the laser oscillation is set to the longitudinal mode multimode. It is described that power stability can be realized.
- Non-Patent Document 1 mentions a mode hop mechanism that impairs the wavelength stability associated with a temperature rise, and an improvement measure thereof.
- Each temperature change ⁇ T a and ⁇ T f is expressed by the following equation from the standing wave condition.
- ⁇ 0 represents the grating reflection wavelength in the initial state.
- ⁇ G in the grating reflection wavelength is expressed by the following equation.
- the longitudinal mode interval ⁇ is approximately expressed by the following equation.
- Mathematical formula 5 is established from mathematical formulas 3 and 4.
- Mode hop is a phenomenon in which the oscillation mode (longitudinal mode) in the resonator changes from one mode to another.
- the gain and resonator conditions change, the laser oscillation wavelength changes, and the problem arises that optical power fluctuates, which is called kink. Therefore, in the case of an FP type GaAs semiconductor laser, the wavelength usually changes with a temperature coefficient of 0.3 nm / ° C., but when a mode hop occurs, a larger fluctuation occurs. At the same time, the output fluctuates by 5% or more.
- Patent Document 6 in order to make the temperature independent, the conventional resonator structure is left as it is, and stress is applied to the optical waveguide layer to compensate for the temperature coefficient due to thermal expansion, thereby realizing temperature independence. is doing. For this reason, a metal plate is attached to the element, and a layer for adjusting the temperature coefficient is added to the waveguide. For this reason, there exists a problem that a resonator structure becomes still larger.
- the present inventor has disclosed an external resonator type laser structure using an optical waveguide grating element in Patent Document 7.
- Patent Document 7 when the full width at half maximum ⁇ G of the reflection characteristic of the grating element satisfies a specific formula, laser oscillation with high wavelength stability and no power fluctuation is possible without temperature control.
- An object of the present invention is to suppress excitation of a higher-order mode between a Bragg grating and an emission surface when thermal stress is applied to the grating element in an external resonator type laser using a grating element. is there.
- the present invention is a semiconductor laser light source, and an external resonator type light emitting device comprising a grating element that constitutes the semiconductor laser light source and an external resonator
- the semiconductor laser light source includes an active layer that oscillates semiconductor laser light
- the grating element has a ridge-type optical waveguide having an incident surface on which the semiconductor laser light is incident and an output surface that emits outgoing light of a desired wavelength, a Bragg grating made of irregularities formed in the ridge-type optical waveguide, and An emission-side propagation portion provided between the Bragg grating and the exit surface, which oscillates in a reflection wavelength region of the Bragg grating, and has a width of the optical waveguide in the Bragg grating and the light on the exit surface.
- the width of the waveguide is different.
- the present inventor examined the reason why a higher-order mode is excited between the Bragg grating and the exit surface when thermal stress is applied to the grating element. As a result, the near-field pattern of the laser is greatly deformed in the vicinity of the emission surface of the device, and this has been found to cause high-order mode excitation and a reduction in the coupling efficiency of the emitted light.
- the width of the optical waveguide in the Bragg grating is set to be equal to the near-field pattern of the laser in order to increase the coupling efficiency with the semiconductor laser element.
- the horizontal size of the near field of the semiconductor laser may be 2 ⁇ m to 7 ⁇ m, for example.
- the width of the optical waveguide of the grating element is set to 2 ⁇ m to 7 ⁇ m.
- the substrate thickness is as thin as 0.5 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m, for example, a multimode waveguide is formed, and the size of the near field pattern is in the horizontal and vertical directions.
- the problem of flattening occurs.
- the propagation constant is different between the fundamental mode and the higher order mode, so Bragg reflection occurs at different wavelengths.
- laser oscillation can be selectively performed in the reflection wavelength band in the fundamental mode or the reflection wavelength band in the higher-order mode. That is, laser oscillation in the fundamental mode is possible by matching the gain curve to the reflection wavelength band of the fundamental mode.
- the inventor suppresses deformation of the near-field pattern on the exit surface by changing the width of the optical waveguide on the exit surface relative to the width of the optical waveguide on the Bragg grating, thereby increasing the higher order.
- the inventors arrived at the present invention by conceiving suppression of mode excitation.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an external resonator type light emitting device.
- 1 is a plan view schematically showing an external resonator type light emitting device 1.
- FIG. It is a cross-sectional view of a grating element. It is a perspective view which shows a grating element typically. It is a cross-sectional view of another grating element.
- It is a schematic diagram of the external resonator type light-emitting device which concerns on other embodiment. It is a figure explaining the form of the mode hop by a prior art example. It is a figure explaining the form of the mode hop by a prior art example. 4 illustrates an example discrete phase condition in a preferred embodiment.
- Example 1 the spectrum of the light quantity of a light source and the spectrum of the apparatus obtained by adding a grating element to this light source are shown. It is a figure explaining laser oscillation conditions. It is a cross-sectional view of still another grating element.
- An external resonator type light emitting device 1 schematically shown in FIG. 1 includes a light source 2 that oscillates a semiconductor laser beam and a grating element 9.
- the light source 2 and the grating element 9 are mounted on the common substrate 3.
- the light source 2 includes an active layer 5 that oscillates semiconductor laser light.
- the active layer 5 is provided on the substrate 4.
- a reflective film 6 is provided on the outer end face of the substrate 4, and a non-reflective layer 7 A is formed on the end face of the active layer 5 on the grating element side.
- the light source 2 may be a light source capable of laser oscillation independently. This means that the light source 2 oscillates by itself even without a grating element.
- the light source 2 preferably has a single mode oscillation in the longitudinal mode when laser oscillation is performed independently.
- the reflection characteristics can be wavelength-dependent. Therefore, by controlling the shape of the wavelength characteristics, the light source 2 is independent and the longitudinal mode is multimode. Even if it oscillates, it can oscillate in a single mode as an external resonator type laser. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the external resonator type light emitting device of the present invention oscillates in a single mode in the longitudinal mode.
- the grating element 9 is provided with an optical material layer 11 having an incident surface 11 a on which the semiconductor laser light A is incident and an emission surface 11 b that emits the emitted light B having a desired wavelength. . C is reflected light.
- a Bragg grating 12 is formed in the optical material layer 11. Between the incident surface 11a of the optical waveguide 18 and the Bragg grating 12, there is provided an incident-side propagation part 13 having no diffraction grating, and the incident-side propagation part 13 faces the active layer 5 with a gap 14 therebetween. Yes.
- the optical waveguide 18 is a ridge type optical waveguide and is provided in the optical material layer 11.
- the optical waveguide 18 may be formed on the same surface as the Bragg grating 12 or may be formed on an opposite surface.
- the reflectance of the non-reflective layers 7A, 7B, and 7C may be a value smaller than the grating reflectance, and is preferably 0.1% or less. However, as long as the reflectance at the end face is smaller than the grating reflectance, the non-reflective layer may be omitted and a reflective film may be used.
- the optical material layer 11 is formed on the substrate 10 via the adhesive layer 15 and the lower buffer layer 16, and the upper buffer layer 17 is formed on the optical material layer 11. ing.
- a pair of ridge grooves 19 are formed in the optical material layer 11, and a ridge-type optical waveguide 18 is formed between the ridge grooves.
- the Bragg grating may be formed on the flat surface 11a or may be formed on the 11b surface. From the viewpoint of reducing the shape variation of the Bragg grating and the ridge groove, it is preferable that the Bragg grating and the ridge groove 19 are provided on the opposite side of the substrate by forming the Bragg grating on the surface 11a.
- the optical material layer 11 is formed on the substrate 10 via the adhesive layer 15 and the lower buffer layer 16, and the upper buffer layer 17 is formed on the optical material layer 11. Yes.
- a pair of ridge grooves 19 are formed on the substrate 10 side of the optical material layer 11, and a ridge-type optical waveguide 18 is formed between the ridge grooves 19.
- the Bragg grating may be formed on the flat surface 11a side, or may be formed on the surface 11b having the ridge groove.
- the Bragg grating and the ridge groove 19 are provided on the opposite side of the substrate by forming the Bragg grating on the flat surface 11a surface side.
- the upper buffer layer 17 may be omitted, and in this case, the air layer can directly contact the grating.
- the difference in refractive index can be increased without the presence of a grating groove, and the reflectance can be increased with a short grating length.
- FIG. 6 shows an apparatus 1A according to another embodiment. Most of the apparatus 1A is the same as the apparatus 1 of FIG.
- the light source 2 includes an active layer 5 that oscillates laser light.
- the antireflection layer 7A is not provided on the end surface of the active layer 5 on the grating element 9 side, and a reflective film 25 is formed instead. This is a form of a normal semiconductor laser.
- the oscillation wavelength of the laser light is determined by the wavelength reflected by the grating. If the reflected light from the grating and the reflected light from the end face of the active layer 5 on the grating element side exceed the laser gain threshold, the oscillation condition is satisfied. Thereby, a laser beam with high wavelength stability can be obtained.
- the feedback amount from the grating may be increased.
- the reflectance of the grating is preferably larger than the reflectance at the end face of the active layer 5.
- the gain obtained by the resonator using the grating becomes larger than the gain obtained by the resonator of the original semiconductor laser, and stable laser oscillation can be performed by the resonator using the grating.
- the incident side propagation part 13 is provided between the incident surface 11a and the Bragg grating 12, and between the Bragg grating 12 and the output surface 11b.
- the emission side propagation part 20 is provided.
- the output-side propagation unit 20 includes a connecting part 20a continuous from the end of the Bragg grating 12, an output part 20c continuous to the output surface 11b of the optical waveguide, and a taper provided between the connecting part and the output part. A portion 20b is provided.
- the width W out of the optical waveguide at the exit surface 11 b is smaller than the width W m of the optical waveguide at the Bragg grating 12.
- the width W t of the optical waveguide comprises a small tapered portion 20b toward to the exit surface side from the Bragg grating side.
- the width W m of the optical waveguide in the connecting portion 20a is constant, and the width W out of the optical waveguide in the emitting portion is also constant.
- W t becomes the maximum value W m at the boundary with the connecting portion 20a, and becomes the minimum value W out at the boundary with the emitting portion 20c. As shown in FIG.
- the width W m of the optical waveguide is the width of the narrowest portion of the width in the cross section of the optical waveguide in the cross sectional view obtained by cutting the ridge portion constituting the optical waveguide in the cross section. Width.
- the width W m of the optical waveguide is the interval between the edges at both ends of the upper surface of the ridge portion.
- the width W m of the optical waveguide in the Bragg grating is set to be equal to the near-field pattern of the laser in order to increase the coupling efficiency with the semiconductor laser element 2.
- the horizontal size of the near field of the semiconductor laser may be 2 ⁇ m to 7 ⁇ m, for example.
- the width W m of the optical waveguide is set from 2 ⁇ m to 7 [mu] m.
- the propagation constant is different between the fundamental mode and the higher order mode, so Bragg reflection occurs at different wavelengths.
- the gain curve with the reflection wavelength band of the fundamental mode, laser oscillation in the fundamental mode is possible.
- a higher-order mode is excited in the outgoing side propagation part between the Bragg grating 12 and the outgoing face 11b. .
- This phenomenon becomes more conspicuous as the ratio of the horizontal size of the near field to the vertical direction (flatness) increases.
- the width W out of the optical waveguide on the exit surface smaller than W m , it is possible to suppress flattening of the near field pattern on the exit surface, thereby exciting higher-order modes. Can be suppressed.
- a laser with a highly reliable GaAs-based or InP-based material is suitable.
- a GaAs laser that oscillates near a wavelength of 1064 nm is used. Since GaAs-based and InP-based lasers have high reliability, a light source such as a one-dimensionally arranged laser array can be realized.
- the laser oscillation wavelength is particularly preferably 990 nm or less.
- the oscillation wavelength of the laser is more than 780nm are particularly preferred.
- the material and wavelength of the active layer can be selected as appropriate.
- the light source may be a super luminescence diode or a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA).
- SOA semiconductor optical amplifier
- the material and wavelength of the active layer can be selected as appropriate. Note that a method for stabilizing power by a combination of a semiconductor laser and a grating element is disclosed below. (Non-Patent Document 3: Furukawa Electric Times, January 2000, No. 105, p24-29)
- a ridge-type optical waveguide is obtained by, for example, physical processing and molding by cutting with an outer peripheral blade or laser ablation processing.
- the Bragg grating can be formed by physical or chemical etching as follows.
- a metal film such as Ni or Ti is formed on a high refractive index substrate, and windows are periodically formed by photolithography to form an etching mask. Thereafter, periodic grating grooves are formed by a dry etching apparatus such as reactive ion etching. Finally, it can be formed by removing the metal mask.
- one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), scandium (Sc), and indium (In) are provided in order to further improve the optical damage resistance of the optical waveguide.
- magnesium is particularly preferable.
- the crystal can contain a rare earth element as a doping component.
- the rare earth element Nd, Er, Tm, Ho, Dy, and Pr are particularly preferable.
- the material of the adhesive layer may be an inorganic adhesive, an organic adhesive, or a combination of an inorganic adhesive and an organic adhesive.
- the optical material layer 11 may be formed by forming a film on a supporting substrate by a thin film forming method.
- a thin film forming method include sputtering, vapor deposition, and CVD.
- the optical material layer 11 is directly formed on the support substrate, and the above-described adhesive layer does not exist.
- the lower buffer layer 16 is directly formed on the support base 10 by the thin film formation method without providing the adhesive layer, and then the optical material layer 11 is formed by the thin film formation method. It may be formed.
- the specific material of the support substrate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include glass such as lithium niobate, lithium tantalate, and quartz glass, quartz, and Si.
- the reflectance of the non-reflective layer needs to be less than or equal to the grating reflectivity, and the film material to be formed on the non-reflective layer is laminated with an oxide such as silicon dioxide, tantalum pentoxide, magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride, etc. Films and metals can also be used.
- each end face of the light source element and the grating element may be cut obliquely in order to suppress the end face reflection.
- the grating element and the support substrate are bonded and fixed in the example of FIG. 3, but may be directly bonded.
- the width W out of the optical waveguide on the exit surface is preferably 4 ⁇ m or less, and from the viewpoint of suppressing flattening of the near field pattern, The width W out of the waveguide is more preferably 3 ⁇ m or less, and most preferably 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the width W out of the optical waveguide at the exit surface is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more.
- the width W m of the optical waveguide in the Bragg grating is preferably at least 2 [mu] m, further preferably not less than 2.5 [mu] m.
- the width W m of the optical waveguide in the Bragg grating is preferably 7 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 6.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the ratio W out / W m between W out and W m is preferably 1/50 or more, and more preferably 1/10 or more. Moreover, 2/3 or less is preferable and 1/2 or less is more preferable.
- the emission side propagation part 20 is provided with the tapered part 20b, the constant width connecting part 20a, and the constant width emission part 20c.
- the output side propagation part 20 may be composed of a combination of a tapered part 20b and a constant width connecting part 20a. In this case, the output surface is located at the output side end of the tapered part 20b.
- the output-side propagation unit 20 may include a tapered part 20b and a fixed-width output part 20c. In this case, the output-side end of the Bragg grating 12 and the incident-side end of the tapered part 20b are continuous. .
- grating element generally, when a fiber grating is used, quartz has a small temperature coefficient of refractive index, so d ⁇ G / dT is small and
- DELTA temperature range
- a material having a refractive index of 1.8 or more is used for the waveguide substrate on which the grating is formed.
- the temperature coefficient of the refractive index can be increased and d ⁇ G / dT can be increased. Therefore,
- the full width at half maximum ⁇ G at the peak of the Bragg reflectivity is set to be large, contrary to the common sense of those skilled in the art.
- the wavelength interval (longitudinal mode interval) that satisfies the phase condition. Therefore, it is necessary to shorten the cavity length, the length L b of the Bragg grating has been shortened to 300 ⁇ m or less.
- ⁇ G can be made 0.8 nm or more and 6 nm or less.
- the number of longitudinal modes can be adjusted to 2-5. That is, the wavelengths satisfying the phase condition are discrete, and when the number of longitudinal modes in ⁇ G is 2 or more and 5 or less, mode hops are repeated in ⁇ G , and It will not come off. For this reason, since a large mode hop does not occur, wavelength stability can be increased and fluctuations in optical power can be suppressed.
- the oscillation condition of the semiconductor laser is determined by gain condition ⁇ phase condition as shown in the following equation.
- ⁇ a , ⁇ g , ⁇ wg , ⁇ gr are the active layer, the gap between the semiconductor laser and the waveguide, the unprocessed waveguide portion on the input side, and the loss factor of the grating portion, respectively
- L a , L g , L wg , and L gr are the length of the active layer, the gap between the semiconductor laser and the waveguide, the unprocessed waveguide portion on the input side, and the grating portion, respectively
- r 1 and r 2 are mirrors Reflectivity (r 2 is the reflectivity of the grating)
- C out is the coupling loss between the grating element and the light source
- ⁇ t g t is the gain threshold of the laser medium
- ⁇ 1 is the laser side reflection
- the phase change amount by the mirror, and ⁇ 2 is the phase change amount in the grating section.
- the gain condition is determined by the grating. For this reason, in the comparison table, the gain condition can be considered only by the grating.
- phase condition is expressed by the following equation from the equation (2-1). However, ⁇ 1 is zero.
- the external resonator type laser a product using a quartz glass waveguide or FBG as an external resonator has been commercialized.
- the length of the grating portion is 1 mm.
- the phase condition, the wavelength which satisfies become discrete, in ⁇ lambda G, are designed to be (2-3) equation points 2-3. For this reason, the thing with a long active layer length of a laser medium is needed, and the thing of 1 mm or more is used.
- the external cavity laser has a feature of high wavelength stability.
- ⁇ G TM is a wavelength interval (longitudinal mode interval) that satisfies the phase condition of the external cavity laser.
- Tmh is about 5 ° C. For this reason, mode hops are likely to occur. Therefore, when a mode hop occurs, the power fluctuates based on the reflection characteristics of the grating and fluctuates by 5% or more.
- the conventional external cavity laser using the glass waveguide or FBG performs temperature control using the Peltier element.
- a grating element having a small denominator of the equation (2-4) is used as a precondition.
- the denominator of the formula (2-4) is preferably 0.03 nm / ° C. or less, and specific optical material layers include gallium arsenide (GaAs), lithium niobate (LN), lithium tantalate (LT), Tantalum oxide (Ta 2 O 5 ), zinc oxide (ZnO), and alumina oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) are preferable.
- the buffer layer a material having a refractive index smaller than that of the optical material layer, transparent at the wavelength used and low loss is preferable.
- the composition may be changed in the same material system as the optical material, it is preferable to increase the refractive index difference from the optical material layer. From this viewpoint, oxides such as silicon oxide (SiO 2) and alumina oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) are preferable, but organic materials may also be used.
- ⁇ lambda grating length in order to increase the G L b is a 100 ⁇ m example
- ⁇ G TM to be increased L a is a 250 ⁇ m example.
- FIG. 6 The present application presupposes that the temperature coefficient of the grating wavelength and the temperature coefficient of the gain curve of the semiconductor are close to each other. For this reason, a material having a refractive index of 1.8 or more is used. Further grating groove depth t d of 20nm or more, and 250nm or more, the reflectance of 3% or more, 60% or less, and 0.8nm over the full width at half maximum ⁇ lambda G, is set to 250nm or less. As a result, the resonator structure can be made compact and temperature-independence can be realized without any additional components.
- each parameter is described as follows, and each is in the category of the prior art.
- L b 3mm
- the refractive index n b of the material of the Bragg grating is 1.8 or more.
- a material having a lower refractive index such as quartz, has been generally used.
- the refractive index of the material constituting the Bragg grating is increased. This is because a material with a large refractive index has a large temperature change in the refractive index, so that T mh in equation (2-4) can be increased, and the temperature coefficient d ⁇ G / dT of the grating as described above. It is because it can enlarge. From this viewpoint, nb is more preferably 1.9 or more.
- n b is not particularly preferably 4 or less since the formed grating pitch becomes too small it is difficult.
- the refractive index n b of the material constituting the Bragg grating is preferably 3.6 or less.
- the equivalent refractive index of the optical waveguide is preferably 3.3 or less.
- the full width at half maximum ⁇ G at the peak of the Bragg reflectivity is set to 0.8 nm or more (Formula 1).
- ⁇ G is the Bragg wavelength. That is, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, when the reflection wavelength by the Bragg grating is taken on the horizontal axis and the reflectance is taken on the vertical axis, the wavelength at which the reflectance becomes maximum is the Bragg wavelength. In the peak centered on the Bragg wavelength, the difference between the two wavelengths at which the reflectance is half of the peak is defined as the full width at half maximum ⁇ G.
- the full width at half maximum ⁇ G at the peak of the Bragg reflectance is set to 0.8 nm or more (formula (1)). This is to make the reflectance peak broad. From this viewpoint, the full width at half maximum ⁇ G is preferably set to 1.2 nm or more, and more preferably set to 1.5 nm or more. The full width at half maximum ⁇ G is 6 nm or less, more preferably 3 nm or less, and preferably 2 nm or less.
- the length L b of the Bragg grating to 300 ⁇ m or less (equation 2).
- the length L b of the Bragg grating is a grating length in the direction of the optical axis of the light propagating through the optical waveguide. Be shorter than the Bragg grating length L b below the conventional 300 ⁇ m is a premise of the design concept of the present embodiment. That is, it is necessary to increase the wavelength interval (longitudinal mode interval) that satisfies the phase condition in order to make mode hopping difficult. For this purpose, it is necessary to shorten the resonator length, and to shorten the length of the grating element. From this viewpoint, it is more preferable that the Bragg grating length L b and 200 ⁇ m or less.
- Reducing the length of the grating element reduces the loss and can reduce the laser oscillation threshold. As a result, driving with low current, low heat generation, and low energy is possible.
- the length L b of the grating, in order to obtain a reflectance of 3% or more is preferably at least 5 [mu] m, in order to obtain a reflectance of 5% or more, more preferably more than 10 [mu] m.
- t d is the depth of the irregularities constituting the Bragg grating.
- ⁇ G can be set to 0.8 nm or more and 250 nm or less, and the number of longitudinal modes can be adjusted to 2 or more and 5 or less in ⁇ G. .
- t d is more preferably not less than 30 nm, also more preferably 200nm or less. In order to set the full width at half maximum to 3 nm or less, 150 nm or less is preferable.
- the reflectance of the grating element is preferably set to 3% or more and 40% or less in order to promote laser oscillation. This reflectivity is more preferably 5% or more in order to further stabilize the output power, and more preferably 25% or less in order to increase the output power.
- the laser oscillation condition is established from a gain condition and a phase condition. Wavelengths that satisfy the phase condition are discrete and are shown, for example, in FIG. That is, in this structure, the oscillation wavelength can be fixed within ⁇ G by bringing the temperature coefficient of the gain curve (0.3 nm / ° C. in the case of GaAs) close to the temperature coefficient d ⁇ G / dT of the grating.
- ⁇ lambda G number of longitudinal modes are two or more in, when present 5 or less, the oscillation wavelength repeats mode hopping in the ⁇ lambda G, large because it can reduce the probability of laser oscillation outside the ⁇ lambda G There is no mode hop, the wavelength is stable, and the output power can operate stably.
- length L a of the active layer also to 500 ⁇ m or less length L a of the active layer. From this viewpoint, it is more preferable to set the length L a of the active layer and 300 ⁇ m or less.
- the length L a of the active layer with a view to increasing the output of the laser it is preferable that the 150 ⁇ m or more.
- d ⁇ G / dT is the temperature coefficient of the Bragg wavelength.
- D ⁇ TM / dT is a temperature coefficient of the wavelength that satisfies the phase condition of the external cavity laser.
- ⁇ TM is a wavelength that satisfies the phase condition of the external cavity laser, that is, a wavelength that satisfies the above-described phase condition of (Equation 2.3). This is called “vertical mode” in this specification.
- ⁇ 2 ⁇ n eff / ⁇ , where n eff is the effective refractive index of the portion, and ⁇ satisfying this is ⁇ TM .
- ⁇ 2 is the phase change of the Bragg grating.
- ⁇ G TM is a wavelength interval (longitudinal mode interval) that satisfies the phase condition of the external cavity laser.
- lambda TM Since the plurality of, means the difference of a plurality of lambda TM. Previously used ⁇ lambda equals ⁇ G TM, ⁇ s is equal to lambda TM.
- the numerical value of the formula (6) is more preferably 0.025 or less.
- the length L WG grating element also to 600 ⁇ m or less.
- LWG is preferably 400 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 300 ⁇ m or less. Further, LWG is preferably 50 ⁇ m or more.
- Distance L g between the exit surface and entrance surface of the optical waveguide of the light source in the viewpoint of improving the coupling efficiency between the semiconductor laser and the grating element, preferably closer to zero.
- the distance L g between the light exit surface of the light source and the light entrance surface of the optical waveguide is 1 ⁇ m.
- the thickness is 10 ⁇ m or less.
- Example 1 Devices as shown in FIGS. 2, 5, and 6 were produced. Specifically, Ti was deposited on a z-plate MgO-doped lithium niobate crystal substrate, and a grating pattern was produced in the y-axis direction by photolithography. Then, by reactive ion etching of the fluorine-based and the Ti pattern as a mask, to form the grating grooves of pitch Ramuda222nm, the length L b 100 [mu] m. The groove depth of the grating was 40 nm. Further, in order to form an optical waveguide for y-axis propagation, dry etching was performed with a reactive ion etching apparatus (RIE) to form a ridge groove.
- RIE reactive ion etching apparatus
- a constant width connecting portion 20a, a tapered portion 20b, and a constant width emitting portion 20c are provided. The dimensions in each part were as follows.
- Optical waveguide width W m at the connecting portion 20a 3 ⁇ m
- Optical waveguide height T r at the connecting portion 20a 0.5 ⁇ m
- Optical waveguide width W out at the emitting portion 20c 1 ⁇ m
- Optical waveguide height T r at the emitting portion 20c 0.5 ⁇ m
- Optical waveguide width W t at the taper portion 20b 1 to 3 ⁇ m
- Optical waveguide height T r at the taper portion 20b 0.5 ⁇ m
- a buffer layer 16 made of SiO 2 was formed on the groove forming surface by a sputtering apparatus to a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m, and the grating forming surface was adhered using a black LN substrate as a supporting substrate.
- the black LN substrate side was attached to a polishing surface plate, and the back surface of the LN substrate on which the grating was formed was precisely polished to a thickness (T s ) of 1.2 ⁇ m. Thereafter, the surface plate was removed, and the buffer layer 17 made of SiO 2 was deposited to a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m by sputtering.
- both ends were optically polished, both ends were formed with a 0.1% AR coat, and finally the chip was cut to produce a grating element.
- the element size was 1 mm wide and L wg 500 ⁇ m long.
- the optical characteristics of the grating element are obtained by using a super luminescence diode (SLD), which is a broadband wavelength light source, to input light into the grating element and analyzing the output light with an optical spectrum analyzer.
- SLD super luminescence diode
- the reflection characteristics were evaluated.
- a center wavelength of 975 nm, a maximum reflectance of 20%, and a full width at half maximum ⁇ G of 2 nm were obtained.
- the light source element was a normal GaAs laser, and the exit end face was not coated with AR.
- Light source element specifications Center wavelength: 977nm Output: 40mW Half width: 0.1nm Laser element length 250 ⁇ m Mounting specifications: L g : 1 ⁇ m L m : 20 ⁇ m
- the shape of the near field pattern on the emission side end face of the grating element was 1 ⁇ m in the horizontal direction and 1 ⁇ m in the vertical direction, and was almost a perfect circle. The single mode was maintained even when the temperature was changed from 20 ° C to 70 ° C.
- Example 1 In Example 1, over the entire length of the optical waveguide 18, the width of the optical waveguide was made constant at 3 ⁇ m, and the height Tr was made constant at 0.5 ⁇ m. Thereafter, a grating element was produced by the same method.
- the optical characteristics of the grating element are obtained by using a super luminescence diode (SLD), which is a broadband wavelength light source, to input light into the grating element and analyzing the output light with an optical spectrum analyzer.
- SLD super luminescence diode
- the reflection characteristics were evaluated.
- a center wavelength of 975 nm, a maximum reflectance of 20%, and a full width at half maximum ⁇ G of 2 nm were obtained.
- a laser module was mounted as shown in FIG.
- the light source element was a normal GaAs laser, and the exit end face was not coated with AR.
- Light source element specifications Center wavelength: 977nm Output: 40mW Half width: 0.1nm Laser element length 250 ⁇ m Mounting specifications: L g : 1 ⁇ m L m : 20 ⁇ m
- the shape of the near field pattern on the output side end face of the grating element was a flat waveguide having an aspect ratio of 3 with a horizontal direction of 3 ⁇ m and a vertical direction of 1 ⁇ m. Further, when the temperature was changed from 20 ° C. to 70 ° C., multimode was excited at around 70 ° C.
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Abstract
Description
また、グレーティング反射波長の変化δλGは、下式で表される。
前記半導体レーザ光源が、半導体レーザ光を発振する活性層を備えており、
前記グレーティング素子が、前記半導体レーザ光が入射する入射面と所望波長の出射光を出射する出射面を有するリッジ型光導波路、このリッジ型光導波路内に形成された凹凸からなるブラッググレーティング、および前記ブラッググレーティングと前記出射面との間に設けられた出射側伝搬部を備えており、前記ブラッググレーティングによる反射波長域でレーザ発振し、前記ブラッググレーティングにおける前記光導波路の幅と前記出射面における前記光導波路の幅とが異なることを特徴とする。
グレーティング部では凹凸によって光電界分布(横モード形状)が乱される。通常、出射部がマルチモードであっても、基本モードが励振される。しかし、環境温度変化により導波路部に収縮や曲げ応力が加わると、高次モードが励振されて、マルチモード化する。また端面からの反射がある場合にも、このような現象がおこる。この現象はニアフィールドパターンの水平方向と垂直方向の大きさの比(扁平率)が大きいほど顕著である。
なお、光導波路の幅Wmは、図3に示すように、光導波路を構成するリッジ部を横断面で切って得られる横断面図において、光導波路の横断面における幅のうち最も狭い部分の幅とする。図3の例では、光導波路の幅Wmは、リッジ部の上面の両端にある各エッジの間隔とする。
なお、半導体レーザとグレーティング素子との組み合わせでパワー安定化を行う方法は、下記に開示されている。
(非特許文献3: 古河電工時報 平成12年1月 第105号 p24-29)
具体例として、Ni、Tiなどの金属膜を高屈折率基板に成膜し、フォトリソグラフィーにより周期的に窓を形成しエッチング用マスクを形成する。その後、反応性イオンエッチングなどのドライエッチング装置で周期的なグレーティング溝を形成する。最後に金属マスクを除去することにより形成できる。
た結晶中には、ドープ成分として、希土類元素を含有させることができる。希土類元素としては、特にNd、Er、Tm、Ho、Dy、Prが好ましい。
こうした薄膜形成法としては、スパッタ、蒸着、CVDを例示できる。この場合には、光学材料層11は支持基体に直接形成されており、上述した接着層は存在しない。
この場合、図12に示す素子9Bのように、支持基体10に薄膜形成法により、接着層を設けることなしに直接下側バッファ層16を形成し、その後、薄膜形成法により光学材料層11を形成してもよい。
グレーティング素子に関して、一般的に、ファイバグレーティングを使用する場合に、石英は屈折率の温度係数が小さいのでdλG/dTが小さく、|dλG/dT―dλTM/dT|が大きくなる。このためモードホップがおこる温度域△Tが小さくなってしまう傾向がある。
度域△Tを大きくできる。
ことができ、この△λGの範囲内に縦モードの数を2~5に調節できる。すなわち、位相条件を満足する波長は離散的であり、△λGの中に縦モードの数が2以上、5以下存在しているときには、△λGの中でモードホップを繰り返し、この外にはずれることはない。このため大きなモードホップが起きないので、波長安定性を高くし、光パワー変動を抑制できる。
ただし、数式は抽象的で理解しにくいので、最初に、従来技術の典型的な形態と本実施形態とを端的に比較し、本実施形態の特徴を述べる。次いで、本実施形態の各条件について述べていくこととする。
ΔGTMは、外部共振器レーザの位相条件を満足する波長間隔(縦モード間隔)である。
本願は、グレーティング波長の温度係数と半導体のゲインカーブの温度係数を近づけることを前提としている。このことから屈折率が1.8以上の材料を使用することとしている。さらにグレーティングの溝深さtdを20nm以上、250nm以上とし、反射率を3%以上、60%以下で、かつその半値全幅△λGを0.8nm以上、250nm以下としている。これらにより共振器構造をコンパクトにでき、かつ付加するものをなくして温度無依存性が実現できる。特許文献6では、各パラメータは以下のように記載されており、いずれも従来技術の範疇となっている。
△λG=0.4nm
縦モード間隔△GTM=0.2nm
グレーティング長Lb=3mm
LD活性層長さLa=600μm
伝搬部の長さ=1.5mm
0.8nm≦△λG≦6.0nm・・・(1)
10μm≦Lb≦300μm ・・・(2)
20nm≦td≦250nm ・・・(3)
nb≧1.8 ・・・(4)
従来は石英などの、より屈折率の低い材料が一般的であったが、本発明の思想では、ブラッググレーティングを構成する材質の屈折率を高くする。この理由は、屈折率が大きい材料は屈折率の温度変化が大きいからであり、(2-4)式のTmhを大きくすることができ、さらに前述のようにグレーティングの温度係数dλG/dTを大きくできるからである。この観点からは、nbは1.9以上であることが更に好ましい。また、nbの上限は特にないが、グレーティングピッチが小さくなりすぎて形成が困難になることから4以下が好ましい。さらにブラッググレーティングを構成する材質の屈折率nbは、3.6以下であることが好ましい。また、同じ観点で光導波路の等価屈折率は3.3以下になることが好ましい。
式(6)において、dλG/dTは、ブラッグ波長の温度係数である。
また、dλTM/dTは、外部共振器レーザの位相条件を満足する波長の温度係数である。
ここで、λTMは、外部共振器レーザの位相条件を満足する波長であり、つまり前述した(2.3式)の位相条件を満足する波長である。これを本明細書では「縦モード」と呼ぶ。
(2.3)式の中のβ=2πneff/λであり、neffはその部の実効屈折率であり、これを満足するλがλTMとなる。φ2は、ブラッググレーティングの位相変化である。
λTMは、複数存在するので、複数のλTMの差を意味する。先に用いた△λは△GTMに等しく、λsはλTMに等しい。
図2、図5、図6に示すような装置を作製した。
具体的には、z板MgOドープのニオブ酸リチウム結晶基板にTiを成膜して、フォトリソグラフィー技術によりy軸方向にグレーティングパターンを作製した。その後、Tiパターンをマスクにしてフッ素系の反応性イオンエッチングにより、ピッチ間隔Λ222nm、長さLb 100μmのグレーティング溝を形成した。グレーティングの溝深さは40nmであった。また、y軸伝搬の光導波路を形成するために、反応性イオンエッチング装置(RIE)にて、ドライエッチング加工を実施し、リッジ溝を形成した。
連結部20aにおける光導波路幅Wm: 3μm
連結部20aにおける光導波路高さTr: 0.5μm
出射部20cにおける光導波路幅Wout: 1μm
出射部20cにおける光導波路高さTr: 0.5μm
テーパ部20bにおける光導波路幅Wt: 1~3μm
テーパ部20bにおける光導波路高さTr: 0.5μm
中心波長: 977nm
出力: 40mW
半値幅: 0.1nm
レーザ素子長 250μm
実装仕様:
Lg: 1μm
Lm: 20μm
実施例1において、光導波路18の全長にわたって、光導波路幅を3μmと一定とし、高さTrを0.5μmで一定とした。その後、同様な方法でグレーティング素子を作製した。
次に、図6に示すようにレーザモジュールを実装した。光源素子は通常のGaAs系レーザで出射端面にはARコートなしとした。
中心波長: 977nm
出力: 40mW
半値幅: 0.1nm
レーザ素子長 250μm
実装仕様:
Lg: 1μm
Lm: 20μm
Claims (10)
- 半導体レーザ光源、およびこの半導体レーザ光源と外部共振器を構成するグレーティング素子を備える外部共振器型発光装置であって、
前記半導体レーザ光源が、半導体レーザ光を発振する活性層を備えており、
前記グレーティング素子が、前記半導体レーザ光が入射する入射面と所望波長の出射光を出射する出射面を有するリッジ型光導波路、このリッジ型光導波路内に形成された凹凸からなるブラッググレーティング、および前記ブラッググレーティングと前記出射面との間に設けられた出射側伝搬部を備えており、前記ブラッググレーティングによる反射波長域でレーザ発振し、前記ブラッググレーティングにおける前記光導波路の幅と前記出射面における前記光導波路の幅とが異なることを特徴とする、外部共振器型発光装置。 - 前記出射面における前記光導波路の幅が前記ブラッググレーティングにおける前記光導波路の幅よりも小さいことを特徴とする、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記出射側伝搬部が、前記光導波路の幅が前記ブラッググレーティング側から前記出射面側へと向かって小さくなるテーパ部を備えていることを特徴とする、請求項1または2記載の装置。
- 前記グレーティング素子が、
支持基板、および
前記支持基板上に設けられ、厚さ0.5μm以上、3.0μm以下の光学材料層を備えていることを特徴とする、請求項1~3のいずれか一つの請求項に記載の装置。 - 前記ブラッググレーティングを構成する材質が、ガリウム砒素、ニオブ酸リチウム、酸化タンタル、酸化亜鉛および酸化アルミナ、タンタル酸リチウムからなる群より選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1~4のいずれか一つの請求項に記載の装置。
- 下記式(1)および式(2)の関係が満足されることを特徴とする、請求項1~5のいずれか一つの請求項に記載の装置。
10μm≦Lb≦300μm ・・・(1)
20nm≦td≦250nm ・・・(2)
(式(1)において、Lbは、前記ブラッググレーティングの長さである。
式(2)において、tdは、前記ブラッググレーティングを構成する凹凸の深さである。) - 下記式(3)および式(4)の関係が満足されることを特徴とする、請求項1~6のいずれか一つの請求項に記載の装置。
0.8nm≦△λG≦6.0nm・・・(3)
nb≧1.8 ・・・(4)
(式(3)において、△λGは、ブラッグ反射率のピークにおける半値全幅である。
式(4)において、nbは、前記ブラッググレーティングを構成する材質の屈折率である。) - 下記式(5)の関係が満足されることを特徴とする、請求項1~7のいずれか一つの請求項に記載の装置。
LWG ≦500μm ・・・(5)
(式(5)において、LWGは、前記グレーティング素子の長さである。) - 前記半値全幅△λGの中に、レーザ発振の位相条件が満足可能な波長が2以上、5以下存在することを特徴とする、請求項7または8記載の装置。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE112015000391.6T DE112015000391T5 (de) | 2014-01-14 | 2015-01-07 | Lichtemittierende Vorrichtung mit externem Resonator |
| CN201580003751.1A CN105900298A (zh) | 2014-01-14 | 2015-01-07 | 外部谐振器型发光装置 |
| JP2015557801A JPWO2015107960A1 (ja) | 2014-01-14 | 2015-01-07 | 外部共振器型発光装置 |
| US15/204,102 US20160372891A1 (en) | 2014-01-14 | 2016-07-07 | External resonator type light emitting device |
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| US15/204,102 Continuation US20160372891A1 (en) | 2014-01-14 | 2016-07-07 | External resonator type light emitting device |
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| PCT/JP2015/050279 Ceased WO2015107960A1 (ja) | 2014-01-14 | 2015-01-07 | 外部共振器型発光装置 |
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| US (1) | US20160372891A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2015107960A1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN105900298A (ja) |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018036964A1 (de) * | 2016-08-24 | 2018-03-01 | Forschungsverbund Berlin E.V. | Wellenleiterstruktur und optisches system mit wellenleiterstruktur |
| JP2018041885A (ja) * | 2016-09-09 | 2018-03-15 | 日本電気株式会社 | モジュール、モジュールの製造装置、およびモジュールの製造方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015079974A1 (ja) * | 2013-11-27 | 2015-06-04 | 日本碍子株式会社 | グレーティング素子および外部共振器型発光装置 |
| JP7339563B2 (ja) * | 2019-09-26 | 2023-09-06 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 光送信器 |
| EP3799231B9 (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2024-04-24 | ams International AG | Optical device, photonic detector, and method of manufacturing an optical device |
| JP7458885B2 (ja) * | 2020-01-28 | 2024-04-01 | 日本ルメンタム株式会社 | 半導体光増幅器集積レーザ |
| US11552448B2 (en) | 2020-01-28 | 2023-01-10 | Lumentum Japan, Inc. | Semiconductor optical amplifier integrated laser |
| JP7484631B2 (ja) * | 2020-09-30 | 2024-05-16 | 住友大阪セメント株式会社 | 光導波路素子及びそれを用いた光変調デバイス並びに光送信装置 |
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| US6944192B2 (en) * | 2001-03-14 | 2005-09-13 | Corning Incorporated | Planar laser |
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2015
- 2015-01-07 WO PCT/JP2015/050279 patent/WO2015107960A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2015-01-07 CN CN201580003751.1A patent/CN105900298A/zh active Pending
- 2015-01-07 JP JP2015557801A patent/JPWO2015107960A1/ja active Pending
- 2015-01-07 DE DE112015000391.6T patent/DE112015000391T5/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2016
- 2016-07-07 US US15/204,102 patent/US20160372891A1/en not_active Abandoned
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| JPH02154476A (ja) * | 1988-12-06 | 1990-06-13 | Fujitsu Ltd | 半導体光学装置 |
| JPH0774396A (ja) * | 1993-06-30 | 1995-03-17 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 半導体光デバイス |
| JPH1098230A (ja) * | 1996-09-25 | 1998-04-14 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 周波数安定化レーザ |
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| WO2018036964A1 (de) * | 2016-08-24 | 2018-03-01 | Forschungsverbund Berlin E.V. | Wellenleiterstruktur und optisches system mit wellenleiterstruktur |
| US10833478B2 (en) | 2016-08-24 | 2020-11-10 | Forschungsverbund Berlin E.V. | Waveguide structure and optical system with waveguide structure |
| JP2018041885A (ja) * | 2016-09-09 | 2018-03-15 | 日本電気株式会社 | モジュール、モジュールの製造装置、およびモジュールの製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| US20160372891A1 (en) | 2016-12-22 |
| CN105900298A (zh) | 2016-08-24 |
| JPWO2015107960A1 (ja) | 2017-03-23 |
| DE112015000391T5 (de) | 2016-09-29 |
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