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WO2015189997A1 - Dispositif de commande, dispositif de transmission d'énergie sans fil, et procédé d'estimation d'efficacité de transmission - Google Patents

Dispositif de commande, dispositif de transmission d'énergie sans fil, et procédé d'estimation d'efficacité de transmission Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015189997A1
WO2015189997A1 PCT/JP2014/065783 JP2014065783W WO2015189997A1 WO 2015189997 A1 WO2015189997 A1 WO 2015189997A1 JP 2014065783 W JP2014065783 W JP 2014065783W WO 2015189997 A1 WO2015189997 A1 WO 2015189997A1
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Prior art keywords
power
unit
load
coil
power transmission
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PCT/JP2014/065783
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
寛明 石原
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Toshiba Corp
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Toshiba Corp
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Priority to PCT/JP2014/065783 priority Critical patent/WO2015189997A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment

Definitions

  • Embodiments described herein relate generally to a control device, a wireless power transmission device, and a transmission efficiency estimation method.
  • the transmission efficiency changes depending on the transmission distance and load impedance.
  • the transmission efficiency can be defined as, for example, the ratio of the power supplied from the power supply on the power transmission side to the power received on the power reception side.
  • a method for estimating efficiency by detecting voltage or current at the first terminal on the power transmission side and the second terminal on the power reception side and comparing the ratio (voltage ratio or current ratio) with a predetermined value has been proposed.
  • a method of controlling the operation on the power transmission side or the power reception side has been proposed so that the efficiency estimated by the method is increased.
  • the embodiment of the present invention makes it possible to estimate an index related to transmission efficiency even when only one of the characteristic values of the power transmission side and the power reception side can be used.
  • the control device as one aspect of the present invention includes a first power supply unit to which power is supplied, a power transmission unit including a first capacitor connected in series or in parallel to the first coil, a second coil, and the first coil.
  • a power receiving unit that includes a second capacitor connected in series or in parallel with two coils, and that supplies power received from the power transmitting unit to a load via a coupling between the first coil and the second coil.
  • It is a control apparatus which estimates the parameter
  • An estimation part is provided.
  • the estimation unit includes first information representing the voltage at the first location in the power transmission unit, second information representing the current at the second location in the power transmission unit, and third information representing the voltage at the third location in the power receiving unit.
  • Information and fourth information representing a current at a fourth location in the power receiving unit, at least one characteristic value related to a resistance component present in the power transmission unit, and other than the load present in the power receiving unit From the power transmission unit to the power receiving unit based on any one of the characteristic values related to the resistance component and the first information, the second information, the third information, and the fourth information. Estimate the index of power transmission efficiency.
  • the figure which shows the 2nd example of the wireless power transmission apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment. 6 is a flowchart of a transmission state estimation operation according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first example of a wireless power transmission apparatus according to the first embodiment.
  • the wireless power transmission device includes a power transmission unit 21 that transmits power, a power reception unit 31 that receives power, a control device 11, a voltage detector 1, a current detector 1, a voltage detector 2, and a current detector 2.
  • the power transmission unit 21 is provided in the power transmission-side wireless power transmission device, and the power reception unit 31 is provided in the power reception-side wireless power transmission device.
  • the control device 11 may be incorporated in the power transmission side wireless power transmission device or the power reception side wireless power transmission device, or may be provided separately from the power transmission side and power reception side wireless power transmission devices.
  • the voltage detector 1 and the current detector 1 are provided in the power transmission-side wireless power transmission device or the control device 11.
  • the voltage detector 2 and the current detector 2 are provided in the power receiving side wireless power transmission device or the control device 11.
  • the power transmission unit 21 includes an AC power source 22 that generates AC power (AC voltage or AC current), and a power transmission unit 29 that is connected to the AC power source 22 and is supplied with the power generated by the AC power source 2.
  • Power transmission unit 29 includes a coil 1 and a capacitor 1 connected in series. One end of the capacitor 1 is connected to the output terminal 1 of the AC power supply 22, and the other end of the capacitor 1 is connected to one end of the coil 1. The other end of the coil 1 is connected to the output terminal 2 of the AC power source 22.
  • connection means electrical connection via a conductive line or the like, and may include a case where the connection is made via other elements or circuits in addition to direct connection.
  • the AC power supply 22 may be arranged outside the power transmission unit 21 instead of inside the power transmission unit 21 and connected to the power transmission unit 21 by wiring or the like.
  • the power receiving unit 31 includes a power receiving unit 31 that receives power from the power transmitting unit 21 and a load 32 to which the power received by the power receiving unit 31 is supplied.
  • the load 32 may be any device that consumes or stores power.
  • Power receiving unit 31 includes a coil 2 and a capacitor 2 connected in series. One end of the capacitor 2 is connected to the input terminal 1 of the load 32, and the other end of the capacitor 2 is connected to one end of the coil 2. The other end of the coil 2 is connected to the input terminal 2 of the load 32.
  • the load 32 may be disposed outside the power receiving unit 31 instead of inside the power receiving unit 31 and connected to the power receiving unit 31 by wiring or the like.
  • Power transmission is performed between the coil 1 of the power transmission unit 29 and the coil 2 of the power reception unit 30 via magnetic coupling.
  • the coil 1 a magnetic field corresponding to the electric power supplied from the AC power supply 22 is generated, and the magnetic field is coupled to the coil 2, whereby electric power is transmitted to the coil 2 of the power receiving unit 30.
  • the electric power transmitted to the coil 20 is supplied to the load 32 and consumed or accumulated in the load 32.
  • the voltage detector 1 and the current detector 1 are connected to the power transmission unit 21.
  • the voltage detector 1 has two inputs, one connected to the output terminal 1 of the AC power supply 22 or the input terminal 1 (one end of the capacitor 1) of the power transmission unit 29, and the other connected to the output terminal 2 of the AC power supply 22. Alternatively, it is connected to the input terminal 2 of the power transmission unit 21.
  • the voltage detector 1 is an input terminal when the voltage of the output terminal 1 (the output voltage of the AC power supply 22) when the output terminal 2 of the AC power supply 22 is used as a reference or the input terminal 2 of the power transmission unit 29 is used as a reference. 1 (input voltage of the power transmission unit 29) is detected.
  • the output of the voltage detector 1 is connected to the control device 11, and the voltage detector 1 outputs information representing the detected voltage to the control device 11.
  • the current detector 1 is connected to the output terminal 1 of the AC power supply 22 or the input terminal of the power transmission unit 21 (one end of the capacitor 1).
  • the current detector 1 detects an input current to the power transmission unit 29 (an output current of the AC power supply 22).
  • the current detector 1 is connected to the control device 11 and outputs information representing the detected current to the control device 11.
  • the voltage detector 2 and the current detector 2 are connected to the power receiving unit 31.
  • the voltage detector 2 has two inputs. One is connected to the output terminal 1 (one end of the capacitor 2) of the power receiving unit 30 or the input terminal 1 of the load 32, and the other is the output terminal of the power receiving unit 30. 1 (one end of the coil 2) or the input terminal 2 of the load 32.
  • the voltage detector 2 is an output terminal when the voltage of the input terminal 1 (the input voltage of the load 32) when the voltage of the input terminal 2 of the load 32 is used as a reference or the output terminal 2 of the power receiving unit 30 is used as a reference. 1 (the output voltage of the power receiving unit 30) is detected.
  • the voltage detector 2 is connected to the control device 11 and outputs information representing the detected voltage to the control device 11.
  • the current detector 2 is connected to the output terminal 1 (one end of the capacitor 2) of the power receiving unit 30 or the input terminal 1 of the load 32, and detects an input current to the load 32 (output current of the power receiving unit 30).
  • the current detector 2 is connected to the control device 11 and outputs information representing the detected current to the control device 11.
  • the output voltage and output current of the AC power supply 22 in the power transmission unit 21 and the output voltage and output current (the input voltage and input current of the load 32) of the power receiving unit 30 in the power reception unit 31 are detected.
  • the location is not limited to this.
  • the voltage applied to the capacitor 1 or the coil 1 may be detected on the power transmission side, and the current flowing through the coil 1 may be detected.
  • the voltage applied to the capacitor 2 or the coil 2 may be detected on the power receiving side, and the current flowing through the coil 2 may be detected.
  • the control device 11 includes information representing the voltage detected by the voltage detector 1, information representing the current detected by the current detector 1, information representing the voltage detected by the voltage detector 2, and the current detector 2. Information indicating the detected current is input.
  • the estimation unit 12 of the control device 11 uses these information and at least one characteristic value related to the resistance component existing in the power transmission unit 21 and at least one characteristic value related to the resistance component existing in the power receiving unit 31. Based on this, the transmission state of power from the power transmission unit 21 to the power reception unit 31 is estimated.
  • the transmission state is an index (parameter) related to transmission efficiency.
  • estimating the power transmission state means estimating an index related to power transmission efficiency.
  • the above characteristic values used for estimation by the estimation unit 12 may be input to the control device 11 from the outside, or may be stored in advance in a memory in the control device 11 and used. Input from the outside may be performed by reading from a storage device such as a memory, a hard disk drive, or an SSD, or may be performed by a user performing an operation by operating a PC or the like.
  • the control device 11 can be configured by a processor or hardware such as an FPGA or an ASIC. In the case of a processor, the operation of the control device 11 is realized by reading and executing a program that defines the operation of the control device 11 from a memory, SSD, hard disk, or the like.
  • FIG. 2A, 2B, and 2C show other configuration examples of the power transmission unit 29.
  • FIG. 2A is a diagram in which the connection order of the capacitor 1 and the coil 1 is replaced with that in FIG.
  • the power transmission unit 29 illustrated in FIG. 1 is connected in the order of the capacitor 1 and the coil 1 from the output terminal 1 of the AC power supply 22, but is connected in the order of the coil 1 and the capacitor 1 in FIG. That is, one end of the coil 1 is connected to the output terminal 1 of the AC power source 22, the other end of the coil 1 is connected to one end of the capacitor 1, and the other end of the capacitor 1 is connected to the output terminal 2 of the AC power source 22.
  • the connection order of the capacitor 2 and the coil 2 may be reversed on the power receiving side.
  • FIG. 2 (B) two capacitors are provided, one on each side of the coil 1. That is, the capacitor 1a and the capacitor 1b are connected to both sides of the coil 1, respectively. Similarly, two capacitors may be provided on the power receiving side and connected to both sides of the coil 2.
  • the power receiving side may have a configuration in which two coils are provided on one side of the capacitor 2 (the side opposite to the load 32), or a configuration in which the coils are connected to both sides of the capacitor 2, respectively.
  • FIG. 2B and FIG. 2C can also be combined to directly connect two coils between two capacitors.
  • power transmission is performed by the plurality of coils.
  • the number of coils on the power transmission side and the number of coils on the power reception side may be the same or different.
  • FIG. 2 (B) and FIG. 2 (C) an example in which two capacitors and / or coils are provided is shown, but three or more may be provided. Further, different configurations may be adopted on the transmission side and the reception side. For example, the configuration illustrated in FIG. 2B may be employed on the transmission side, and the configuration corresponding to FIG. 2C may be employed on the reception side.
  • the resonance frequency (1 / ( ⁇ L 1 C 1 )) of the LC resonance circuit of the capacitor 1 and the coil 1 and the resonance frequency (1 / ( ⁇ L 2 C 2 )) of the LC resonance circuit of the capacitor 2 and the coil 2 are When the frequency (power transmission frequency) of the power output from the AC power supply 22 is sufficiently close, the transmission efficiency (hereinafter referred to as efficiency) of the power transmitted between the coils is expressed by the following equation.
  • the characteristic resistance R 1 is a resistance component existing in the power transmission unit 21. It mainly includes the parasitic resistance of the coil, the parasitic resistance of the capacitor, and the parasitic resistance when a power circuit is present.
  • the power circuit includes an AC-DC converter that generates a DC voltage from a commercial power supply, a DC-DC converter that adjusts the DC voltage, an inverter that generates an AC voltage of a power transmission frequency from the DC voltage (DC-AC in FIG. 5 described later). Converter is equivalent to this).
  • the characteristic resistance R 2 is a resistance component other than the load 32 existing in the power receiving unit 31. Mainly, it includes the parasitic resistance of the coil, the parasitic resistance of the capacitor, and the parasitic resistance when a power circuit exists.
  • the power circuit includes a rectifier that converts AC power to DC power (the AC-DC converter in FIG. 5 corresponds to this), and a DC-DC converter that adjusts the DC voltage according to the load (DC-- in FIG. 11 described later). DC converter is equivalent to this).
  • Equation (1) depends on the resistance value RL of the load 32, and takes the maximum value when the resistance value RL of the load 32 satisfies the following equation.
  • the expression (2) can be derived by calculating RL where the result obtained by differentiating the expression (1) by RL is 0.
  • V 1 represents a voltage value (voltage amplitude) detected by the voltage detector 1
  • V 2 represents a voltage value (voltage amplitude) detected by the voltage detector 2.
  • I 1 represents a current value (current amplitude) detected by the current detector 1
  • I 2 represents a current value (current amplitude) detected by the current detector 2.
  • the value representing the voltage amplitude and the current amplitude may be any value determined by the amplitude of the AC waveform, such as an rms (root mean square) value or a peak value.
  • Equation (3) The derivation of Equation (3) can be performed as follows. First, when the input / output currents I 1 and I 2 and the output side voltage V 2 are calculated, the following equation is obtained. Taking these absolute values,
  • the efficiency becomes maximum when Expression (3) is satisfied.
  • Characteristic resistance R 2 is and the power dependence of the resistance component, if the temperature dependence is negligible, a constant.
  • the specific resistance R 2 is obtained by a prior calculation or by measurement of the power receiving unit 31 or another power receiving unit. Or you may memorize
  • an equation (characteristic resistance calculation equation) for calculating the characteristic resistance using at least one characteristic value is stored, and the characteristic value used in the characteristic resistance calculation equation is obtained in advance from calculation, measurement, data sheet, or the like. Then, it may be stored in a memory. In this case, the characteristic resistance may be calculated by substituting the characteristic value into the equation during operation.
  • the specific resistance itself is a form of the characteristic value. Instead of storing the characteristic resistance calculation formula alone, an optimal condition formula such as formula (3) including the characteristic resistance calculation formula may be stored.
  • the characteristic resistance or the characteristic value may be measured in the test process.
  • the measured characteristic resistance or the measured characteristic value and characteristic resistance calculation formula may be stored in the memory.
  • a measurement function may be incorporated in the power receiving unit 31, and the characteristic resistance or the characteristic value may be measured by the measurement function in the power receiving unit 31 during the operation of the wireless power transmission device, and the value may be used.
  • the measuring instrument such as an LCR meter to measure the parasitic resistance of the coil as a characteristic value, which may be used as the characteristic resistance R 2.
  • the parasitic resistance of each of the coil and the capacitor is used as a characteristic value and measured by a measuring instrument such as an LCR meter. and it may be the sum of them as a characteristic resistance R 2.
  • the measuring instrument such as an LCR meter, it measures the overall parasitic resistance as the characteristic value may be the value as characteristic resistance R 2.
  • Such magnetic iron loss to be used as the material of the coil in consideration of the influence of the loss component with power-dependent, when further using the high characteristic resistance R 2 of accuracy, data sheets and measurement results
  • the loss component at the power level at the time of use may be approximately converted to a resistance value and added. This converted resistance value is also a form of the characteristic value.
  • resistance components in the power circuit may be further added.
  • parasitic resistance values due to coils, capacitive elements, semiconductor components, etc. existing in the power circuit may be added.
  • the loss under the conditions actually used may be approximated as being proportional to the square of the current, and the proportionality coefficient may be used as the parasitic resistance value of the power circuit unit.
  • an average value of loss during operation such as switching loss may be converted into a resistance value and added.
  • the Q value Q 2 and the inductance L 2 of the coil 2 of the coil 2 may be used as each characteristic value.
  • the characteristic resistance R 2 can be derived from these values as ⁇ L 2 / Q 2 .
  • the form of the equation of ⁇ L 2 / Q 2 may be stored and the values of Q 2 and L 2 may be substituted during operation.
  • other parasitic resistances as described above may be obtained by calculation or measurement and added.
  • the efficiency is maximized when the expression (3) is satisfied.
  • the transmission state can be estimated.
  • the estimation of the transmission state is performed by the estimation unit 12 of the control device 11. As a specific estimation method, various forms are possible.
  • the left side of Expression (4) may be calculated according to the outputs of the voltage detector 1, the voltage detector 2, the current detector 1, and the current detector 2, and the calculated value may be compared with R 2 as a threshold value.
  • the calculated value obtained from the equation on the left side of Equation (4) monotonically increases with respect to the load resistance RL . Therefore, when the left side is larger than R 2 , the currently connected load resistance R L is larger than a value that gives an optimum transmission state, and when the left side is smaller than R 2 , the load resistance R L Can be determined to be smaller than a value giving an optimum transmission state.
  • the predetermined range is set so that the threshold value corresponds to the center of the predetermined range, the end of the range, or an arbitrary position within the range.
  • whether the efficiency is close to the maximum value can be determined depending on whether or not the value calculated from the left side of Expression (4) is within a predetermined range. If the calculated value is within a predetermined range, it can be determined that the efficiency is close to the maximum value, and if it is outside the predetermined range, it can be determined that it is not.
  • the range which the left side of Formula (4) can take is divided into a plurality, and a label indicating the efficiency, which is set according to R 2 , is assigned to each divided range. It may be specified to which range the calculated value by the mathematical expression on the left side calculated by the control device 11 belongs, and a label given to the specified range may be acquired as efficiency (transmission state).
  • the range that can be taken by the evaluation function f is divided into a plurality of ranges, and a label indicating the efficiency is given to each divided range.
  • the range to which the evaluation function f calculated by the control device 11 belongs may be specified, and the label given to the specified range may be acquired as efficiency (transmission state).
  • the transmission state can be estimated by using a mathematical formula obtained by transforming the formula (3) into an arbitrary form.
  • Expression (3) may be converted into another form, and the converted expression may be used.
  • the characteristic resistor R 1 When the characteristic resistor R 1 is used, the same story as when the characteristic resistor R 2 described so far is used. That is, so far rereading the characteristic resistance R 2 and the characteristic resistance R 1 in the description, the transmission-side element, is replaced it is replaced as necessary elements of the power receiving side, in the case of utilizing the characteristic resistance R 1 An explanation can be obtained. Therefore, detailed description of the case of using the characteristic resistance R 1 will be omitted.
  • the transmission state is estimated by various methods (the same method as described using Equation (4) or Equation (5)) as in the case of Equation (3). it can.
  • FIG. 3 shows a second example of the wireless power transmission apparatus according to the present embodiment. 3, elements having the same names as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
  • the output terminals 1 and 2 of the AC power supply 22, the input terminals 1 and 2 of the power transmission unit 29, the output terminals 1 and 2 of the power reception unit 30, and the input terminals 1 and 2 of the load 32 are omitted. (In the following figures, these terminal notations are omitted because they are not particularly used for explanation).
  • equation (7) When equation (7) is rewritten using the characteristic resistance R 2 as in equation (3), it can be generally described as follows. Note that, similarly to the equation (6), this equation can be rewritten to use the characteristic resistance R 1 .
  • a capacitor may be arranged in series only in one of the coil 1 and the coil 2 and a capacitor may be arranged in parallel in the other.
  • the efficiency is achieved by using the voltage detector 1, the current detector 1, the voltage detector 2, and the current detector 2, and one of the characteristic value on the power transmission side and the characteristic value on the power reception side. It is possible to derive a relational expression that holds when the maximum is reached. By using this relational expression, the transmission state can be estimated in any configuration.
  • FIG. 4 shows a flow of operations in which the estimation unit 12 of the control device 11 estimates the transmission state.
  • the estimation unit 12 of the control device 11 collects information representing each detection value from the voltage detectors 1 and 2 and the current detectors 1 and 2. (Step 4001).
  • the estimation unit 12 calculates a calculated value from these detected values and any one of the characteristic value of the power transmission unit 21 and the characteristic value of the power receiving unit 31 by a predetermined method (step 4002). For example, a calculation formula such as the left side of formula (4) or a function of formula (5) is calculated.
  • the estimation unit 12 estimates the transmission state from the calculated value (step 4003). For example, the calculated value calculated from the left side of Expression (4) is compared with a threshold (R 2 ) or a predetermined range set for R 2 . Alternatively, the calculated value calculated from the function of Expression (5) is compared with the threshold (0) or a predetermined range set for 0. Other methods may be used.
  • step 4002 for calculating the calculated value
  • step 4003 for estimating the transmission state from the calculated value
  • Steps 4001 to 4003 may be performed periodically or only when an instruction is given from the outside.
  • the estimated result may be output to the outside. For example, it may be written into a storage device, output to a display device, or transmitted to another device via a communication device. Moreover, you may perform arbitrary statistical processes, such as calculating the average and dispersion
  • FIG. 5 shows a third example of the wireless power transmission apparatus according to this embodiment. Elements having the same names as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
  • DC-AC converter 51 is added between the DC power supply 41 and the power transmission unit 29.
  • AC-DC converter 61 is added between the power reception unit 30 and the load 32.
  • the voltage detector 1 and the current detector 1 are connected to the input side of the DC-AC converter 51.
  • the voltage detector 2 and the current detector 2 are connected to the output side of the AC-DC converter 61. Therefore, unlike FIG. 1, the voltage detected by the voltage detectors 1 and 2 is a DC voltage, and the current detected by the current detectors 1 and 2 is a DC current.
  • the DC-AC converter 51 can be configured by an inverter, for example.
  • the AC-DC converter 61 can be constituted by a rectifier, for example. In the configuration of FIG. 5 as well, the efficiency can be estimated in the same manner as described with reference to FIG. Since the voltage and current detected on the power transmission side and the power reception side are the DC voltage and the DC current, the implementation is easier.
  • the efficiency can be estimated by detecting the DC voltage and the DC current when the DC-AC converter 51 and the AC-DC converter 61 are used.
  • the input and output powers are also equal, so the relationship between the input AC voltage (amplitude effective value Vin [Vrms]) and the output DC voltage (Vout [Vdc]) is as follows. That is, the voltage conversion ratio from the effective value of the rectifier to the direct current value is ⁇ / (2 ⁇ 2).
  • equation (3) is rewritten.
  • I 1 , I 2 , V 1 , and V 2 be effective values of current amplitude and voltage amplitude, respectively.
  • the I 1, V 1 put a value obtained by converting DC voltage of DC-AC converter input of the input side and the DC current I ldc, and V ldc.
  • Values obtained by converting I 2 and V 2 into a DC voltage and a DC current of the output AC-DC converter output are set as I 2dc and V 2dc .
  • equation (3) becomes Can be rewritten as As described above, even when the AC-DC converter and the DC-AC converter are used, the efficiency can be estimated by detecting the DC voltage and the DC current.
  • the conversion ratio between the DC voltage and DC current and the AC voltage and AC current is different from the above example. Can be assumed to be constant, similarly, the efficiency can be estimated by detecting the DC voltage and DC current. The same applies when a half-end rectifier or the like is used for the AC-DC converter.
  • FIG. 6 shows a fourth example of the wireless power transmission apparatus according to this embodiment.
  • the voltage detector 1 and the current detector 1, a control device 11, a wireless communication device 71 and an antenna 72 are arranged in the wireless power transmission device on the power transmission side.
  • a wireless communication device 81 and an antenna 82 are disposed in the power receiving side wireless power transmission device.
  • the power-transmitting-side wireless communication device 71 performs wireless communication with the power-receiving-side wireless communication device 81 to obtain information representing the voltage detected by the voltage detector 2 and the current detected by the current detector 2.
  • the wireless communication may be a general wireless communication standard such as a wireless LAN or Bluetooth, or an original wireless communication standard. Further, inter-coil communication using magnetic coupling between the coil 1 and the coil 2 may be used.
  • the wireless communication device 71 includes an information acquisition unit that acquires information from the wireless communication device 81.
  • the characteristic value (91) regarding the power transmission unit 21 is used as the characteristic value used by the estimation unit 12 of the control device 11 when estimating the transmission state, and the characteristic value regarding the power receiving unit 31 is not used.
  • a configuration using the characteristic value related to the power receiving unit 31 may be adopted.
  • the characteristic value related to the power receiving unit 31 is also acquired by wireless communication.
  • the characteristic value (91) may be written in advance in a storage device such as a memory in the control device 11, and may be used, or may be input to the control device 11 from the outside.
  • the operation of the control device 11 is the same as that described so far, except that the detection values of the voltage detector 2 and the current detector 2 are acquired by the wireless communication device 71 by wireless communication.
  • FIG. 7 shows a fifth example of the wireless power transmission device according to this embodiment.
  • the control device 11 is arranged in the wireless power transmission device on the power receiving side.
  • a power transmission unit 21, a voltage detector 1, a current detector 1, a wireless communication device 71, and an antenna 72 are arranged in the wireless power transmission device on the power transmission side.
  • a power receiving unit 31, a voltage detector 2, a current detector 2, a control device 11, a wireless communication device 81, and an antenna 82 are arranged in the power receiving side wireless power transmission device.
  • the wireless communication device 81 on the power receiving side acquires information indicating the voltage detected by the voltage detector 1 and the current detected by the current detector 1 by performing wireless communication with the wireless communication device 71 on the power transmission side.
  • the wireless communication may be a general wireless communication standard such as a wireless LAN or Bluetooth, or an original wireless communication standard. Further, inter-coil communication using magnetic coupling between the coil 1 and the coil 2 may be used.
  • the wireless communication device 81 includes an information acquisition unit that acquires information from the wireless communication device 71.
  • the characteristic value (101) regarding the power receiving unit 31 is used as the characteristic value used by the estimation unit 12 of the control device 11 when estimating the transmission state.
  • the characteristic value regarding the power transmission unit 21 is not used.
  • a configuration using the characteristic value (91) regarding the power transmission unit 21 may be adopted.
  • the characteristic value related to the power transmission unit 21 is also acquired by wireless communication.
  • the characteristic value (101) may be written in advance in a storage device such as a memory in the control device 11 and may be used, or may be input to the control device 11 from the outside.
  • the operation of the control device 11 is the same as that described so far, except that the detection values of the voltage detector 1 and the current detector 1 are acquired by wireless communication with the wireless communication device 81.
  • the transmission state can be estimated based on the voltage and current detected from the power transmission side, the voltage and current detected from the power reception side, and the characteristic value of one of the power transmission unit and the power reception unit. Therefore, even in a situation where only one of the characteristic values of the power transmission unit and the power reception unit can be acquired, the transmission state can be estimated with a simple configuration.
  • FIG. 8 shows a wireless power transmission apparatus according to the second embodiment.
  • a control device 111 in FIG. 8 is an extension of the function of the control device 11 in FIG. 1, and includes a control unit 13 that adjusts the load resistance of the load 32 according to the transmission state estimated by the estimation unit 13.
  • the estimation unit 12 of the control device 111 includes any one of the voltage detected by the voltage detector 1 and the voltage detector 2, the current detected by the current detector 1 and the current detector 2, and the power transmission unit 21 and the power reception unit 31.
  • the transmission state is estimated based on the characteristic value for
  • the control unit 13 controls the load resistance (impedance) of the load 32 so that the transmission state is improved, that is, the efficiency is optimized or approaches the optimum.
  • the control of the load resistance is performed by the control unit 13 supplying a load adjustment signal to the load 32 and the load 32 changing the load resistance according to the load adjustment signal. For example, using the function f (equation (5) or the like) that becomes 0 when the efficiency becomes maximum, the load resistance of the load 32 is controlled so that the function f approaches 0.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of a control operation flow of the control device 111.
  • step 9001 the estimation unit 12 of the control device 111 estimates the transmission state based on the transmission state estimation method described in the first embodiment, and obtains the transmission state (transmission state 1) obtained as a result.
  • transmission state 1 transmission state 1 obtained as a result.
  • the control unit 13 of the control device 111 changes the load adjustment signal by a predetermined amount.
  • the initial value of the load adjustment signal is set to a value that does not increase or decrease the load resistance (maintains the current value of the load resistance).
  • the direction in which the load adjustment signal is changed, that is, whether to increase or decrease the load resistance is determined by the load resistance change direction instruction value.
  • the load resistance change direction instruction value is a variable that determines whether to increase or decrease the load resistance, and has two states of increase or decrease. It is assumed that an arbitrary initial value (increase or decrease) is given to the load resistance change direction instruction value.
  • step 9003 the estimation unit 12 of the control device 111 performs transmission state estimation again.
  • the resultant transmission state (transmission state 2) is held in an internal storage unit or an accessible external storage unit.
  • step 9004 the control unit 13 of the control device 111 compares the transmission state 1 and the transmission state 2, and determines whether or not the transmission state has been improved by changing the load resistance in step 9002.
  • the process returns to Step 9001 again while maintaining the load resistance change direction instruction value.
  • the function f equation (5) or the like
  • it is determined that the function is improved when the absolute value of the function is smaller than the previous time, and is deteriorated when the absolute value of the function is larger than the previous time.
  • control device 111 changes the load resistance change direction instruction value in Step 9005 and returns to Step 9001 again.
  • the load resistance of the load 32 is controlled so that the transmission state is improved.
  • the change amount of the load adjustment signal in step 9002 (change amount of the load resistance) is constant, but the change amount of the load adjustment signal is changed according to the transmission state. Also good.
  • the transmission state is the optimum state (the state where the efficiency takes the optimum value)
  • a threshold is set for the function f that takes 0, and
  • the amount of change of the load resistance may be large and set smaller if it is less than the threshold value (when the deviation from the optimum state is small).
  • step 9001 the transmission state 2 acquired in step 9003 is regarded as the transmission state 1.
  • movement can be reduced, shortening of adjustment time can be anticipated.
  • FIG. 10 shows another example of the control operation flow of the control device 111.
  • step 10001 the control device 111 determines whether the load resistance of the load 32 is larger or smaller than the load resistance that gives the optimum transmission state based on the transmission state estimation method described in the first embodiment. To do. For example, as described above, in the case of Expression (4), when the left side is larger than R 2, it can be determined that the load resistance is larger than a value that gives an optimum transmission state. When the left side is smaller than R 2, it can be determined that the load resistance is smaller than a value that gives an optimum transmission state.
  • step 10002 When it is determined that the load resistance of the load 32 is larger than the load resistance that gives the optimum transmission state (Yes), in step 10002, the load adjustment signal is changed so as to reduce the load resistance. On the other hand, when it is determined that the load resistance of the load 32 is smaller than the load resistance that gives the optimum transmission state (No), in step 10003, the load adjustment signal is set so as to increase the load resistance of the load 32. change. After step 10002 and step 10003, the process returns to step 10001 again. As a result, the load resistance is set to a value that gives an optimum transmission state or the vicinity thereof.
  • the load adjustment signal is changed in steps 10002 and 10003 as the difference (deviation) between the load resistance of the load 32 and the load resistance that gives an optimum transmission state increases.
  • the amount may be increased.
  • FIG. 11 shows a configuration example of the load.
  • the load 32 has a configuration in which a DC-DC converter 11001 and a power consumption or storage device 11002 are connected in series.
  • the load resistance can be changed by controlling the voltage conversion ratio of the DC-DC converter 11001 according to the load adjustment signal.
  • this is only an example, and the present embodiment is not limited to this.
  • FIG. 12 shows a specific configuration example of the control unit 13 of the control device 111.
  • the control unit 13 includes an amplifier 131.
  • the amplifier 131 receives the estimation result of the transmission state of the estimation unit 12 and the threshold value, and amplifies the difference between them.
  • the amplifier 131 gives the amplified signal to the load 32 as a load adjustment signal.
  • the estimation result of the transmission state input to the amplifier 131 is set to the function value of Expression (5), and the threshold value input to the amplifier 131 is set to zero. Thereby, feedback control is performed so that the value of the function becomes zero. Therefore, the load resistance of the load 32 is adjusted to a load resistance value at which the transmission state is optimal or a value close thereto. Control of the load resistance of the load 32 may be performed by changing the voltage conversion ratio of the DC-DC converter as in the example shown in FIG.
  • the transmission resistance is controlled so as to be close to the optimum state by adjusting the load resistance of the load 32.
  • at least one of the coils included in the power transmission unit and the power reception unit is used. It is also possible to control the transmission state by adjusting the inductance or the coupling coefficient between the coils.
  • the optimum resistance value condition is given by, for example, equation (2).
  • the inductance can be changed by changing the position of the magnetic body (including addition / removal of the magnetic body).
  • An adjustment mechanism for changing the position of the magnetic body is disposed in the power transmission unit or the power reception unit, and the control unit 13 controls the adjustment mechanism to change the position of the magnetic body.
  • the coil is a coil included in one or both of the power transmission unit and the power reception unit.
  • the coupling coefficient can be changed by changing the relative position between the coils of the power transmission unit and the power reception unit.
  • An adjustment mechanism that changes the position / orientation of the coil is arranged in the power transmission unit or the power reception unit, and the control unit 13 controls the adjustment mechanism to change the relative position of the coil. Similar to the inductance change, when a magnetic body is placed in or around the coil, the coupling coefficient can be changed by changing the placement of the magnetic body (including adding / removing the magnetic body). It is.
  • control unit 13 may control the transmission state to be close to the optimum state by adjusting the AC power supply 22 on the power transmission side.
  • the method for adjusting the AC power supply 22 is possible by changing the AC waveform. Examples of the waveform change include a voltage amplitude change, a duty ratio change, and a phase change (a phase relationship between phases of a multiphase inverter is changed).
  • the control unit 13 changes the AC waveform by supplying an AC power supply 22 with an AC power supply adjustment signal (see FIG. 13 described later) that is an adjustment signal for adjusting the output of the AC power supply 22.
  • FIG. 5 used in the first embodiment, when a DC power source and a DC-AC converter are used, the output value of the DC power source may be changed.
  • the transmission state is adjusted by changing the power input to the load 32 by adjusting the AC power supply 22. Is possible.
  • the control device 111 controls the transmission state by using two or more items among a plurality of items such as a load resistance value of the load 32, a coil inductance, a coupling coefficient between the coils, and an output waveform of the AC power supply 22. May be. Specifically, for example, a method of changing the output waveform of the AC power supply 22 when the load resistance value reaches the upper limit or the lower limit of the settable range is conceivable. By adopting such a configuration, a wide range of adjustment is possible compared to the case where only one item is used.
  • the wireless power transmission device illustrated in FIG. 8 or 12 may be modified in the configuration of the power transmission unit and the power reception unit, as in the configuration illustrated in FIG. 3, FIG. 5, FIG. 6, or FIG.
  • Various modifications are possible, such as adding DA conversion and AD conversion circuits, or arranging a control device in the power transmission side wireless power transmission device or the power reception side wireless power transmission device.
  • the load resistance or the AC power supply on the power transmission side can be adjusted so that the transmission state approaches the optimum state by using the estimation result of the transmission state.
  • the inductance or the coupling coefficient can be adjusted so that the transmission state becomes the optimum state. In this way, it is possible to improve the transmission state using the estimation result of the transmission state.
  • FIG. 13 shows a wireless power transmission apparatus according to the third embodiment.
  • a load power control unit 33 is added to the power receiving side wireless power transmission apparatus.
  • Elements having the same names as those in FIG. 8 are given the same reference numerals, and descriptions other than the expanded or changed parts are omitted.
  • the load power control unit 33 receives the power information from the load 32 and adjusts the load resistance of the load 32 based on the power information so that the power, voltage, or current supplied to the load 32 becomes a constant value. Outputs a load adjustment signal.
  • the power information is information on the power consumed or accumulated by the load 32.
  • the power information may be information indicating the value of the power itself, or information on voltage or current.
  • the load 32 may include a DC-DC converter.
  • the estimation unit 12 of the control device 111 estimates the transmission state in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
  • the control unit 13 adjusts the AC power supply 22 on the power transmission side so that the transmission state is optimal.
  • a load such as the power consumption / storage device 11002 in FIG. 11
  • the transmission state can be adjusted by adjusting the AC power supply 22 on the power transmission side.
  • the controller 13 adjusts the AC power supply 22 by outputting an AC power supply adjustment signal for adjusting the output of the AC power supply 22 to the AC power supply 22.
  • various methods such as a change in voltage amplitude, a change in duty ratio, and a change in phase can be used as described in the description of the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 14 shows another example of the wireless power transmission apparatus according to the third embodiment.
  • load power information is supplied from the load 32 to the load power control unit 33, and the power, voltage, or current supplied to the load 32 is controlled to a constant value.
  • the voltage detected by the voltage detector 2 and the value of the current detected by the current detector 2 are input to the load power control unit 33, and the load power control unit 33 inputs these values.
  • the output power of the power receiving unit 30 is controlled to a constant value.
  • the output voltage of the power receiving unit 30 may be adjusted to a constant value using the voltage detected by the voltage detector 2, or the output of the power receiving unit 30 may be adjusted using the current detected by the current detector 2.
  • the current may be adjusted to a constant value.
  • the power, voltage, and current supplied to the load 32 or the power, voltage, and current output from the power receiving unit 30 are controlled to be constant.
  • the power, voltage, current, etc. output from the power supply 22 may be controlled to a constant value.
  • the load power control unit 33 and the control unit 13 may operate independently, or may operate simultaneously in synchronization. However, if a plurality of control units are operated at the same time, the control operations may collide and normal operation cannot be obtained. For example, when the control unit 13 changes the transmission voltage at a time close to when the load power control unit 33 changes the load resistance, the load power control unit 33 that adjusts the change of the load resistance controls Since it reacts to the change of the electric power by operation
  • the estimation unit 12 estimates the power transmission state, and determines whether the estimation result is equal to or greater than a predetermined reference. For example, when the transmission state is estimated by the function of equation (5), the transmission state estimation result is the absolute value of the calculated value of the function, and the absolute value is less than or equal to ⁇ ( ⁇ is greater than 0). For example, if it is greater than or equal to a predetermined reference and greater than ⁇ , it can be determined that it is less than the predetermined reference.
  • the estimation unit 12 causes the control device 111 to activate the control unit 13 and stop the operation of the load power control unit 33 in Step 15002. In order to improve the transmission state.
  • the control device 111 activates the load power control unit 33 and stops the control unit 13 to load power. Stabilization (maintaining power, etc. at a constant value).
  • step 15004 After step 15002 and step 15003, in step 15004, it waits for a predetermined time. During this standby, either the control unit 13 or the load power control unit 33 operates, and an operation for improving the transmission state or stabilizing the load power is performed. After waiting for a predetermined time, the process returns to step 15001.
  • step 150001 if it is determined in step 150001 that the predetermined standard is exceeded, the process proceeds to step 15003. If it is determined that the standard is less than the predetermined standard, the process proceeds to step 15002. The process may proceed to step 15003 if it is determined that the value is less than the predetermined standard.
  • the control device 111 is provided with control functions for starting and stopping the control unit 13 and the load power control unit 33. However, a processing device for controlling the start and stop of these control units is separately supplied with power. The processing apparatus may operate according to the estimation result of the transmission state estimation unit 12 provided on the side.
  • FIG. 16 shows still another configuration example of the wireless power transmission device according to the third embodiment.
  • the functions of the control device 111 and the load power control unit 33 are partly changed from FIG. Hereinafter, only differences from FIG. 13 will be described.
  • the load power control unit 33 adjusts the AC power supply 22 so that the power of the load 32 becomes a constant value.
  • the control unit 13 of the control device 111 adjusts the load resistance of the load 32 so that the transmission state estimated by the estimation unit 12 is improved. This also makes it possible to realize power transmission in a good transmission state while keeping the power of the load 32 constant.
  • FIG. 17 shows still another configuration example of the wireless power transmission device according to the third embodiment.
  • the load power control unit is removed from the power reception side in FIG. 16, and the transmission power control unit 23 is added to the power transmission side.
  • the transmission power control unit 23 controls the output power, voltage, or current of the transmission power supply 22 to be a constant value based on the transmission power information of the AC power supply 22.
  • the control of the AC power supply 22 is performed by adjusting the output waveform of the AC power supply 22 by supplying a power transmission adjustment signal.
  • the AC power source 22 generates AC power according to the power transmission adjustment signal.
  • various methods such as voltage amplitude change, duty ratio change, and phase change can be used.
  • the load power control unit 33 is removed, and the control unit 13 acquires the transmission power information from the AC power source 22 so that the output power of the AC power source 22 is constant. 32 may be controlled.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment as it is, and can be embodied by modifying constituent elements without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage.
  • various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of components disclosed in the embodiment. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment.
  • constituent elements over different embodiments may be appropriately combined.
  • Control device 12 Estimating unit 13: Control unit 21: Power transmission unit 22: AC power supply 23: Transmission power control unit 29: Power transmission unit 30: Power reception unit 31: Power reception unit 32: Load 33: Load power control unit 41: DC Power supply 51: DC-AC converter (DC-AC converter) 61: AC-DC converter (AC-DC converter) 71: Wireless communication device 72: Antenna 81: Wireless communication device 82: Antenna 111: Control device 131: Amplifier

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Le but de l'invention est de pouvoir estimer un indicateur d'efficacité de transmission même lorsque seule la valeur caractéristique du côté transmission ou du côté réception peut être utilisée. A cette fin, le dispositif de commande selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, estime un indicateur pour déterminer l'efficacité de transmission d'énergie entre une unité de transmission d'énergie et une unité de réception d'énergie, ladite unité de transmission d'énergie comprenant une première bobine et un premier condensateur, et ladite unité de réception d'énergie comprenant une seconde bobine et un second condensateur et envoyant l'énergie reçue de l'unité de transmission d'énergie à une charge. Le dispositif de commande est équipé d'une unité d'estimation afin d'acquérir des premières informations indiquant la tension en un premier endroit dans l'unité de transmission d'énergie, des deuxièmes informations indiquant le courant à un second endroit dans celle-ci, des troisièmes informations indiquant la tension en un troisième endroit dans l'unité de réception d'énergie, et des quatrièmes informations indiquant le courant en un quatrième endroit dans celle-ci, et d'estimer un indicateur pour déterminer l'efficacité de transmission d'énergie en fonction de l'une quelconque d'au moins une valeur caractéristique d'une composante de résistance présente dans l'unité de transmission d'énergie et d'au moins une valeur caractéristique d'une composante de résistance présente dans l'unité de réception d'énergie, des premières informations, des deuxièmes informations, des troisièmes informations et des quatrièmes informations.
PCT/JP2014/065783 2014-06-13 2014-06-13 Dispositif de commande, dispositif de transmission d'énergie sans fil, et procédé d'estimation d'efficacité de transmission Ceased WO2015189997A1 (fr)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018229841A1 (fr) * 2017-06-12 2018-12-20 中国電力株式会社 Dispositif d'alimentation électrique sans fil

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JP2013021906A (ja) * 2011-06-17 2013-01-31 Semiconductor Energy Lab Co Ltd 非接触給電システム
JP2013090483A (ja) * 2011-10-19 2013-05-13 Toshiba Tec Corp 電力伝送装置、送電装置、受電装置及び電力伝送方法
JP2013110784A (ja) * 2011-11-17 2013-06-06 Ihi Corp 非接触給電装置及び方法
JP2013162709A (ja) * 2012-02-08 2013-08-19 Toshiba Corp 制御装置および無線電力伝送装置
JP2014103751A (ja) * 2012-11-19 2014-06-05 Toshiba Corp 無線電力伝送制御装置、送電装置、受電装置および無線電力伝送システム

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013021906A (ja) * 2011-06-17 2013-01-31 Semiconductor Energy Lab Co Ltd 非接触給電システム
JP2013090483A (ja) * 2011-10-19 2013-05-13 Toshiba Tec Corp 電力伝送装置、送電装置、受電装置及び電力伝送方法
JP2013110784A (ja) * 2011-11-17 2013-06-06 Ihi Corp 非接触給電装置及び方法
JP2013162709A (ja) * 2012-02-08 2013-08-19 Toshiba Corp 制御装置および無線電力伝送装置
JP2014103751A (ja) * 2012-11-19 2014-06-05 Toshiba Corp 無線電力伝送制御装置、送電装置、受電装置および無線電力伝送システム

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018229841A1 (fr) * 2017-06-12 2018-12-20 中国電力株式会社 Dispositif d'alimentation électrique sans fil
JPWO2018229841A1 (ja) * 2017-06-12 2019-06-27 中国電力株式会社 無線給電装置

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