WO2015174529A1 - セルロース系バイオマスの搾汁方法及び気体燃料化方法 - Google Patents
セルロース系バイオマスの搾汁方法及び気体燃料化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015174529A1 WO2015174529A1 PCT/JP2015/064079 JP2015064079W WO2015174529A1 WO 2015174529 A1 WO2015174529 A1 WO 2015174529A1 JP 2015064079 W JP2015064079 W JP 2015064079W WO 2015174529 A1 WO2015174529 A1 WO 2015174529A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
- C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
- C12P5/023—Methane
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
- C10L3/08—Production of synthetic natural gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
- B09B3/35—Shredding, crushing or cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/60—Biochemical treatment, e.g. by using enzymes
- B09B3/65—Anaerobic treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
- B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
- C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/26—Composting, fermenting or anaerobic digestion fuel components or materials from which fuels are prepared
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/28—Cutting, disintegrating, shredding or grinding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P2203/00—Fermentation products obtained from optionally pretreated or hydrolyzed cellulosic or lignocellulosic material as the carbon source
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for squeezing cellulosic biomass and a method for producing gaseous fuel.
- palm oil is a vegetable oil collected from the fruit of oil palm (Japanese name: oil palm). Such palm oil is mainly produced in Southeast Asia and is produced in plantations, which are large-scale farms.
- Patent Literature 1 discloses a method (squeezing method) in which the oil palm trunk is regarded as biomass (a biological resource) and sap is squeezed from the trunk.
- this patent document 1 discloses a trunk shredder used in the squeezing method and a squeezing system including the trunk shredder and a squeezing device.
- Patent Document 2 also discloses a method (sap collecting method) of collecting sap from the trunk (palm trunk) of oil palm.
- a squeezing technique for an oil palm trunk produces ethanol (bioethanol) or lactic acid by alcohol fermentation or lactic acid fermentation using sugar contained in the oil palm sap as a raw material. That is, at present, the ratio of the sap contained in the palm trunk that can be separated by the squeezing treatment is not sufficient, and a considerable percentage of the sap must be discarded together with the squeezed sap of the palm trunk. This is the situation, and the utilization of palm trunk as biomass is not enough.
- This invention is made
- the 1st aspect which concerns on the squeezing method of a cellulosic biomass is a squeezing method of the cellulosic biomass which crushes a cellulosic biomass, and also squeezes after performing a predetermined
- the pretreatment is a mechanical treatment for crushing the soft tissue constituting the cellulosic biomass.
- the mechanical treatment is a grinding process using a mill, or a breaking process using a cutter and the grinding process. is there.
- the third aspect of the method for squeezing cellulosic biomass according to the present invention performs a hydration treatment between the crushing of the cellulosic biomass and the mechanical treatment.
- the cellulose biomass is a trunk of oil palm.
- the sap obtained by any one of the first to fourth methods for squeezing cellulose biomass is subjected to methane fermentation treatment.
- the 2nd aspect which concerns on the gaseous fuel conversion method of the cellulosic biomass of this invention is obtained in the said 1st aspect by giving a saccharification process to the pomace from which the said sap was isolate
- the saccharified solution, or the saccharified solution and the sap are subjected to methane fermentation.
- a mechanical treatment for crushing the soft tissue constituting the cellulosic biomass is performed, so that the sap contained in various cellulosic biomass containing cellulose and hemicellulose, such as palm plants, etc. It is possible to improve the squeezing rate than before.
- the cellulosic biomass squeezing method according to the present embodiment is a method in which an oil palm trunk (palm trunk X1) is selected as the cellulosic biomass to be squeezed, and includes steps S1 to S5 in FIG. Further, the method for converting a cellulosic biomass into a gaseous fuel according to this embodiment includes steps S1 to S8 in FIG.
- the chip forming process S1 (crushing process) which is the first step is, for example, a round palm stem X1 having a diameter of 30 to 60 cm and a length of about 10 m, for example, a chip (small piece) having a maximum dimension of about 2.0 to 3.0 cm. ).
- the main point of this chipping process S1 is that the palm stem X1 is chipped to a size that allows the subsequent wet cutter process S3 to be performed, that is, the subsequent wet cutter process S3 can be satisfactorily performed.
- the crusher used for this chip formation process S1 does not need to be a special thing, and what kind of thing may be used as long as a palm trunk can be crushed into a chip
- the hydrotreatment S2 that is the second step, water (tap water) having a weight ratio of 1 to 5 times is added to the aggregate of palm chips X2 having a predetermined weight to obtain the hydrolyzed palm chips X3. Since the palm chip X2 (palm trunk X1) is excellent in hygroscopicity, the water-added palm chip X3 is in a state where water is taken into the solid content without causing a layer separation between the water and the solid content. This water-treatment S2 also adds moisture to the palm chip X2 that can be satisfactorily performed by the subsequent wet cutter process S3, as in the chip-forming process S1.
- the wet cutter 1 used in the wet cutter process S3 includes a plurality of blades 1a provided on the outer periphery and radially spaced apart from the rotor 1b rotating in a horizontal plane (aperture d) and radially.
- a blade 1c is provided.
- Such a wet cutter 1 is, for example, a micromeister (model number: 3M7-40 S type) manufactured by Masuko Sangyo Co., Ltd.
- This micromeister has various numbers of blades (number of blades 1c) and various openings d.
- the number of blades is, for example, 14 and the opening d is, for example, 1.3 mm.
- the specifications of the wet cutter 1 should be optimized from the viewpoint of maximizing the squeeze rate.
- the hydrolyzed palm chip X3 is inserted from above on the rotor 1b and / or between the rotor 1b and the blade 1c, and the cutting blade 1a and the tip of each blade 1c (the end portion on the rotor 1b side)
- the solid content in the hydrated palm chip X3 is broken.
- size below opening d passes through the clearance gap between the braid
- the wet mill 2 used in the wet mill process S4 includes a lower grinder 2b that is opposed to the annular upper grinder 2a with a predetermined interval (clearance D) and is rotatable.
- the clearance D can be changed within a predetermined range and a predetermined pitch, and is set to 80 ⁇ m, for example.
- Such a wet mill 2 is, for example, a super mass collider (model number: MKZB-100J) manufactured by Masuko Sangyo Co., Ltd.
- the broken palm X4 is introduced from above into the vicinity of the center of the annular upper grinder 2a, and the outer grind direction of the lower grinder 2b is crushed between the upper grinder 2a and the lower grinder 2b. Is discharged as crushed palm X5. That is, the broken palm X4 obtained by the wet cutter process S3 is further refined by the wet mill process S4 to become the pulverized palm X5.
- the specification of the wet mill 2 should be optimized from the viewpoint of maximizing the squeeze rate.
- the wet mill 2 may be a continuous vibro mill (Eurus Techno Co., Ltd.).
- the continuous vibro mill can be continuously charged and discharged without causing the particles to stay.
- the water treatment S2, the wet cutter process S3, and the wet mill process S4 are performed when the palm chip X2 obtained in the chip-forming process S1 is processed in the subsequent squeezing process S5, that is, the sap X7 is obtained from the palm chip X2. It is positioned as a pretreatment F when separating and collecting.
- the wet cutter process S3 and the wet mill process S4 are extremely soft compared to the vascular bundle (hard tissue) constituting the palm chip X2 (palm trunk X1) and the vascular bundle, and This is a mechanical treatment for crushing a soft tissue having high water absorption and physically destroying the water absorption structure of the soft tissue.
- the improvement of the squeeze rate by the squeeze process S5 is achieved by crushing the soft tissue by the wet cutter process S3 and the wet mill process S4 as a pretreatment of the squeeze process S5.
- the water treatment S2 is positioned as a pretreatment for the mechanical treatment.
- the main part of the palm trunk X1 excluding the bark is composed of a vascular bundle A and a soft tissue B.
- the vascular bundle A is a bundle-like structure penetrating the palm stem X1 in the axial direction, and transports liquids such as water and nutrients and is responsible for mechanical support of the palm stem X1.
- the soft tissue B is a tissue located between the vascular bundles A in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the palm trunk X1, that is, a tissue that bonds the vascular bundles A to each other.
- This soft tissue B is an aggregate of tissues (bag-shaped tissue) formed in a bag shape as shown in FIG. Inside the bag-like tissue, sugar (free pentose and hexose sugars) and starch are contained so as to be wrapped.
- the soft tissue B is a tissue having a high water absorption because it is bag-shaped.
- the water absorption ratio weight ratio
- the soft tissue B has a water absorption ratio of 20.1
- the vascular bundle has a water absorption ratio of 1.4
- the medium agar has a water absorption ratio of 9.8.
- the paper feed magnification is 3.1.
- Such a palm stem X1 contains nearly 80% of moisture, and contains the vascular bundle A and soft tissue B as components other than moisture at a ratio of about 50%.
- the pulverized palm X5 obtained by the wet mill treatment S4 is subjected to solid-liquid separation.
- the pulverized palm X5 is a solid-liquid mixed water containing the water originally contained in the palm trunk X1 and the water added by the water treatment S2, and the solid content is about 80 ⁇ m by the wet cutter process S3 and the wet mill process S4. Refined.
- the sap X6 and the solid content are separated from the crushed palm X5 by using, for example, a centrifuge or a pressing device.
- This sap X6 is a sugar liquid mainly composed of water and sugar (a free sugar of pentose and hexose) and partially contained in starch granules and is provided as a raw material to the subsequent methane fermentation treatment S8. .
- the pulverized palm X5 Since the pulverized palm X5 has a solid content reduced to about 80 ⁇ m, it is a solid-liquid mixed water that undergoes layer separation when left standing for a certain period of time, and therefore, solid-liquid separation is extremely easy. Moreover, since the soft structure
- the squeezing rate of the sap X6 in the present embodiment refers to the simple water separation rate from the palm stem X1, that is, what percentage of the total moisture content of the palm stem X1 can be separated and acquired by the squeezing process S5. Instead, it refers to what percentage of the total sugar content (pentose and hexose monosaccharides) contained in the palm trunk X1 could be separated and acquired by the squeeze treatment S5.
- an amino nitrogen content free amino acid or protein
- a mineral content calcium, magnesium, etc.
- sugar is contained so as to be wrapped in the soft tissue B (bag-like tissue), but by crushing the soft tissue B (bag-like tissue) by the wet cutter process S3 and the wet mill process S4.
- the sugar content in the soft tissue B easily dissolves in moisture. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the sugar content in the soft tissue B is easily separated from the solid as the sap X6 by the squeezing process S5.
- the squeezed rice cake X7 (squeezed bacus) obtained by the squeeze treatment S5 is hydrolyzed to reduce the saccharification (mono- and / or free saccharification).
- squeezed cocoon X7 is hydrolyzed based on, for example, an enzymatic saccharification method to generate pentose or hexose monosaccharides.
- cellulosic biomass such as palm stem X1 or woody biomass mainly contains cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.
- the “saccharification treatment” in the present embodiment does not necessarily require cellulose or hemicellulose to be decomposed into monosaccharides or free sugars, but can be liquefied or solubilized by hydrolysis of the squeezed rice cake X7 (squeezed bacus). Further, cellulose and hemicellulose may be further decomposed than monosaccharides and free sugars.
- the saccharified liquid X8 obtained by the saccharification treatment S6 is a solid-liquid mixed water composed of a solid material mainly composed of lignin and a saccharified liquid X9 in which a monosaccharide is dissolved in water.
- the surface area of the cellulose and hemicellulose substrate is physically increased, so that the cellulose and hemicellulose in the saccharification treatment S6 It promotes hydrolysis reactions such as enzymes.
- the saccharification treatment may be a microbial saccharification method using Clostridium thermocellum.
- the present inventors have found that the degradation of glucan 62.5% and xylan 39% can be obtained by co-culture system of Clostridium thermocellum and Thermoanaerobacter brockii. Therefore, saccharification treatment can be performed with high efficiency by the co-culture system of Clostridium thermocellum and Thermoanaerobacter brockii.
- the solid-liquid separation process S7 the saccharified liquid X8 is subjected to solid-liquid separation. That is, the saccharified liquid X9 is separated from the saccharified liquid X8 by using a solid-liquid separator such as a centrifugal separator. And this saccharified liquid X9 is provided to methane fermentation process S8 of a back
- a solid-liquid separator such as a centrifugal separator.
- methane fermentation treatment S8, biogas X10 mainly composed of methane gas and carbon dioxide is generated by methane fermentation using sap X6 (sugar solution) and saccharified solution X9 as raw materials.
- methane fermentation generates digestion gas (biogas) mainly composed of methane gas and carbon dioxide by decomposing organic matter by anaerobic organic matter decomposition treatment, that is, the action of anaerobic microorganisms, methane bacteria. This is a reaction system.
- the ninth power generation process S9 power is generated by driving the internal combustion engine using the biogas X10 as a fuel. That is, in the power generation process S9, power is generated by burning the biogas X10 in the combustor, and electric power is generated by driving the generator with the power.
- the electric power generated in the power generation process S9 is used to operate the power sources of the chip conversion process S1, the water addition process S2, the wet cutter process S3, and the wet mill process S4, for example.
- wet-cutter process S3 breaking process of the hydrated palm chip 3 using the wet cutter 1 and broken palm X4 using the wet mill 2 are used. Since the wet mill process S4 (pulverization process) is performed, the squeezing rate of the sap X6 in the palm trunk X1 (palm plant) can be improved as compared with the conventional technique.
- the squeezing cake X7 (juice juice) obtained by the squeezing process S5 is a wet cutter process S3 (breaking process) using the above-described wet cutter and a wet mill process S4 (using a wet mill). Pulverization treatment) and is much finer than conventional squeezed bacus. Therefore, according to this embodiment, the saccharification efficiency of the squeezed lees X7 in saccharification process S6 can be improved significantly compared with the past.
- Samples after wet cutter and wet mill treatment are designated 4A-9A, 4B-9B, 9C.
- the raw chips from these samples were squeezed and the internal sap was removed.
- the COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) concentration was 67000 ppm.
- the COD concentration used in the present application is COD Cr measured by potassium dichromate.
- the COD amount of Sample 5B of Example 5 was 75.1%
- the COD amount of Sample 9C of Example 9 was 63.6%.
- the COD amount of sample 4A of Example 4 is 43.2%, the COD amount of sample 4B of Example 4 is 58.7%, the COD amount of sample 5A of Example 5 is 39.5%, and the COD amount of sample 6A of Example 6 is 39.7%, the COD amount of Sample 6B of Example 6 is 53.9%, the COD amount of Sample 7A of Example 7 is 43.9%, the COD amount of Sample 7B of Example 7 is 49.6%, and the COD amount of Sample 8A of Example 8 The COD amount was 47.9%, the COD amount of Sample 8B of Example 8 was 52.7%, the COD amount of Sample 9A of Example 9 was 55.2%, and the COD amount of Sample 9B of Example 9 was 52.5%.
- the elution ratio of COD into the supernatant was higher when the particles were refined by primary treatment with a wet cutter and wet mill and further with secondary treatment with a wet mill. This is because the moisture contained in the tissue can be reduced by destroying the sponge-like structure of the soft tissue of the old palm tree as shown in FIG.
- palm stem X1 which is a kind of cellulose biomass
- the present invention is limited to this.
- Cellulose biomass with sap containing sugar includes palm leaf X1, palm leaf, banana, sugar cane, corn, cassava, sago palm, yam, sorghum, potato, cellulose and sap (or juice)
- cellulose and starch -Since there are various plants such as crops made of sap (or juice)
- the present invention is applicable to various cellulosic biomass.
- the pretreatment F including the hydrotreatment S2, the wet cutter treatment S3, and the wet mill treatment S4 was performed.
- the invention is not limited to this.
- the water treatment S2 may be deleted, and the dry cutter treatment and the dry mill treatment may be used as the pretreatment F.
- mechanical processing including wet cutter processing S3 and wet mill processing S4 was performed. It is not limited. Only the wet mill process S4 may be performed as a mechanical process.
- the saccharification process S6 and the solid-liquid separation process S7 were performed in the gaseous fuel conversion method of the cellulose biomass which concerns on the said embodiment, the saccharification liquid X9 was acquired from the squeezed lees X7, but this invention is not limited to this. .
- the sap X6 may be supplied to the methane fermentation process S8 as a raw material.
- the squeeze rate of the sap in the various cellulose biomass containing cellulose and hemicellulose, such as a palm plant can be improved rather than before.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2014年5月15日に、日本に出願された特願2014-101839号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
すなわち、現状では、パーム幹に含まれる全樹液のうち、搾汁処理によって分離できる割合が十分ではなく、かなりの割合の樹液はパーム幹の搾汁バカス(絞り滓)とともに廃棄せざるを得ない状況であり、パーム幹のバイオマスとしての活用が十分ではない。
本実施形態に係るセルロース系バイオマスの搾汁方法は、搾汁対象であるセルロース系バイオマスとしてオイルパームの幹(パーム幹X1)を選定したものであり、図1のステップS1~S5からなる。また、本実施形態に係るセルロース系バイオマスの気体燃料化方法は、図1のステップS1~S8からなる。
実施例4~9の結果より、加水比は、原料:加水=1:2の割合が必要であることがわかった。加水比が、原料:加水=1:2の割合の場合、湿式カッターでの前処理は不要であり、湿式ミル単独での処理が可能であった。
また、湿式カッター及び湿式ミルによる破砕と微細化を進めれば進めるほど生チップ中の水分がチップ外に排出され、原料のスラリー化が進行し、粘性の低下が認められた。
COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand)濃度は、67000 ppmであった。また、生チップの含水率は79.86%であった。
そのため、各サンプル500g中の生チップ量は、500g÷3=166.7gとなる。したがって、生チップ由来のCOD量を計算すると、166.7g×79.86÷100×67000÷1000÷1000=8.92gとなる。よって、これを理論上搾汁可能なCOD量とした。
次に、各サンプルの遠心分離後の上澄み液量重量とそのCOD濃度を測定し、上澄み液中に溶出したCOD量を測定した。なお、本願で用いるCOD濃度は、二クロム酸カリウムにより計測するCODCrである。
その結果、実施例5のサンプル5BのCOD量は75.1%、実施例9のサンプル9CのCOD量は、63.6%となった。
また、実施例4のサンプル4AのCOD量は43.2%、実施例4のサンプル4BのCOD量は58.7%、実施例5のサンプル5AのCOD量は39.5%、実施例6のサンプル6AのCOD量は39.7%、実施例6のサンプル6BのCOD量は53.9%、実施例7のサンプル7AのCOD量は43.9%、実施例7のサンプル7BのCOD量は49.6%、実施例8のサンプル8AのCOD量は47.9%、実施例8のサンプル8BのCOD量は52.7%、実施例9のサンプル9AのCOD量は55.2%、実施例9のサンプル9BのCOD量は52.5%であった。
以上の結果より、湿式カッター及び湿式ミルで1次処理し、さらに湿式ミルで2次処理して粒子を微細化した方が上澄み液中へのCODの溶出割合が高くなった。これは図3に示されるような、パーム古木の柔組織のスポンジ状構造を破壊することで組織内に内包される水分を少なくできたためである。
(1)上記実施形態に係るセルロース系バイオマスの搾汁方法及びセルロース系バイオマスの気体燃料化方法では、セルロース系バイオマスの一種であるパーム幹X1を搾汁対象としたが、本発明はこれに限定されない。糖分を含む樹液を有するセルロース系バイオマスには、パーム幹X1の他にパームの葉、バナナ、サトウキビ、トウモロコシ、キャッサバ、サゴ椰子、ヤムイモ、ソルガム、馬鈴薯、セルロースと樹液(またはジュース)、セルロース・でん粉・樹液(またはジュース)からなる作物等、種々の植物があるので、本願発明は、各種のセルロース系バイオマスに適用可能である。
1a 切刃
1b ロータ
1c ブレード
2 湿式ミル
2a 上部グラインダ
2b 下部グラインダ
X1 パーム幹
X2 パームチップ
X3 加水パームチップ
X4 破断済みパーム
X5 粉砕済みパーム
X6 樹液
X7 搾り滓
X8 糖化済み液
X9 糖化液
X10 バイオガス
Claims (6)
- セルロース系バイオマスを破砕し、さらに所定の前処理を施した上で搾汁処理するセルロース系バイオマスの搾汁方法であって、
前記前処理は、前記セルロース系バイオマスを構成する柔組織を破砕する機械的処理であるセルロース系バイオマスの搾汁方法。 - 前記機械的処理は、ミルを用いた粉砕処理、あるいはカッターを用いた破断処理及び前記粉砕処理である請求項1記載のセルロース系バイオマスの搾汁方法。
- 前記セルロース系バイオマスの破砕と前記機械的処理との間で加水処理を行う請求項2記載のセルロース系バイオマスの搾汁方法。
- 前記セルロース系バイオマスは、オイルパームの幹である請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース系バイオマスの搾汁方法。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース系バイオマスの搾汁方法によって得られた樹液をメタン発酵処理するセルロース系バイオマスの気体燃料化方法。
- 前記搾汁処理によって前記樹液が分離された搾り滓に糖化処理を施し、前記糖化処理によって得られた糖化液、または前記糖化液及び前記樹液をメタン発酵処理する請求項5記載のセルロース系バイオマスの気体燃料化方法。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP15792963.9A EP3144116A4 (en) | 2014-05-15 | 2015-05-15 | Cellulose-based biomass juicing method and gas fuel preparation method |
| AU2015260226A AU2015260226B2 (en) | 2014-05-15 | 2015-05-15 | Cellulose-based biomass juicing method and gas fuel preparation method |
| JP2016519320A JP6474005B2 (ja) | 2014-05-15 | 2015-05-15 | セルロース系バイオマスの搾汁方法及び気体燃料化方法 |
| BR112016025390A BR112016025390A2 (pt) | 2014-05-15 | 2015-05-15 | método de produção de suco de biomassa à base de celulose e método de preparação de combustível gasoso |
| US15/307,506 US20170051316A1 (en) | 2014-05-15 | 2015-05-15 | Cellulose-based biomass juicing method and gas fuel preparation method |
| PH12016502140A PH12016502140A1 (en) | 2014-05-15 | 2016-10-26 | Cellulose-based biomass juicing method and gas fuel preparation method |
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| JP2014-101839 | 2014-05-15 |
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| WO2015174529A1 true WO2015174529A1 (ja) | 2015-11-19 |
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| US (1) | US20170051316A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP3144116A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6474005B2 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2015260226B2 (ja) |
| BR (1) | BR112016025390A2 (ja) |
| MY (1) | MY179968A (ja) |
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Cited By (2)
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| WO2018194139A1 (ja) * | 2017-04-19 | 2018-10-25 | 株式会社Ihi環境エンジニアリング | 搾汁方法及び搾汁装置 |
| WO2019097899A1 (ja) * | 2017-11-14 | 2019-05-23 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | バイオマス組成物及びバイオマス成形体 |
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- 2015-05-15 MY MYPI2016704045A patent/MY179968A/en unknown
- 2015-05-15 WO PCT/JP2015/064079 patent/WO2015174529A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2015-05-15 US US15/307,506 patent/US20170051316A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-05-15 BR BR112016025390A patent/BR112016025390A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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| AU2015260226A1 (en) | 2016-11-17 |
| JPWO2015174529A1 (ja) | 2017-04-20 |
| PH12016502140A1 (en) | 2017-01-09 |
| EP3144116A4 (en) | 2018-01-03 |
| BR112016025390A2 (pt) | 2017-08-15 |
| MY179968A (en) | 2020-11-19 |
| AU2015260226B2 (en) | 2018-03-15 |
| JP6474005B2 (ja) | 2019-02-27 |
| EP3144116A1 (en) | 2017-03-22 |
| US20170051316A1 (en) | 2017-02-23 |
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