WO2015174027A1 - Battery and electronic device - Google Patents

Abstract

　Provided is a deformablebattery. The battery includes a battery element, a deformable exterior material, and a lubricant between the battery element and the deformable exterior material.

Description

BATTERY AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of Japanese Priority Patent Application JP 2014-101169 filed on May 15, 2014, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

The present technology relates to a battery and an electronic device. More particularly, the technology relates to a battery including a battery element and a deformable exterior material, and an electronic device including the battery.

There have been remarkable technological developments of information devices, in particular, thin displays in modern information society, and with these developments, information devices have been increasingly made lighter and mobile at a rapid rate.　For this reason, devices that are able to be worn, such as smart watches and smart glasses, that is, wearable devices are expected to form a new market in the future as the next-generation smartphones.

In the previous battery technology, the morphological stability of batteries has been important also from the perspective of safety, and the batteries have been supposed to be hard.　In contrast, the batteries for use in the wearable devices mentioned above have to be soft and deformable.

As batteries for information devices such as smartphones, flattened battery elements housed in filmy exterior materials with a high degree of freedom for molding have been widely used (see, for example, PLT 1).　It is desirable to make the thus configured batteries deformable and applicable to wearable devices.

JP 2000-133215A

Summary

Therefore, there is a need to provide a deformable battery and an electronic device including the battery.

In order to solve the above-described problem, a first technology is a battery including:
a battery element;
a deformable exterior material; and
a lubricant　between the battery element and the deformable exterior material.

A second technology is an electronic device comprising a battery, wherein the battery includes a battery element; a deformable exterior material; and a lubricant between the battery element and the deformable exterior material.

The present technology makes the battery element and the exterior material more likely to slide on each other, because the lubricant is provided between the battery element and the exterior material. Thus, the battery becomes more likely to be deformed by bending.

As described above, according to the present technology, a deformable battery can be achieved.

Fig. 1A is a perspective view illustrating an example of the appearance of a battery according to a first embodiment of the present technology; and Fig. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the cross section along the line A-A of Fig. 1A; Fig. 2 is an exploded perspective view illustrating an example of the configuration of a battery according to the first embodiment of the present technology; Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the configuration of a battery element; Fig. 4A is a plan view illustrating an example of the configuration of a positive electrode collector, and Fig. 4B is a plan view illustrating an example of the configuration of a negative electrode collector; Fig. 5 is a perspective view illustrating an example of the appearance of a wearable terminal according to a second embodiment of the present technology; and Fig. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a wearable terminal according to the second embodiment of the present technology.

The electronic device including the battery is preferably a wearable device that has the function of a personal digital assistance, a so-called wearable terminal.　Examples of the wearable terminal include, but not limited thereto, watch-type terminals and glasses-type terminals.

While a battery including an electrolytic solution as an electrolyte, a battery including a gel-like electrolyte as an electrolyte, and a battery element including a solid electrolyte as an electrolyte, for example, can be used as the battery element, it is preferable to use a battery element including a gel-like electrolyte as an electrolyte from the perspective of suppressing the generation of electrode displacement when the battery is deformed repeatedly by bending or the like.

The lubricant preferably contains one or more liquids selected from the group consisting of organic solvents, electrolytic solutions, and ionic liquids.　In this case, when the battery element includes an electrolyte containing one or more liquids selected from the group consisting of organic solvents, electrolytic solutions, and ionic liquids, the liquids contained in the lubricant and electrolyte may differ.　For example, the lubricant and the electrolyte may contain different types of organic solvents, electrolytic solutions, or ionic liquids.

Embodiments of the present technology will be described in the following order with reference to the drawings.　It is to be noted that the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference symbols in all of the drawings for the following embodiments.
1　First Embodiment (Battery Example)
1.1　Configuration of Battery
1.2　Method for Producing Battery
1.3　Advantageous Effect
1.4　Modification Example
2　Second Embodiment (Wearable Terminal Example)
2.1　Configuration of Wearable Terminal
2.2　Advantageous Effect
2.3　Modification Example

<1　First Embodiment>
(1.1　Configuration of Battery)
As shown in Fig. 1A, a battery 10 according to a first embodiment of the present technology is a deformable flattened battery which is able to be repeatedly deformed such as bent.　A positive electrode lead 14A and a negative electrode lead 14B are leaded in the same direction from an end of the battery 10.　The battery 10 is preferred for application to a deformable device.

As shown in Fig. 1B, the battery 10 includes a battery element 11, an exterior material 12 for the exterior of the battery element 11, and a lubricant 13 provided between the battery element 11 and the exterior material 12.　Hereinafter, an end of the battery element 11 with the positive electrode lead 14A and negative electrode lead 14B leaded therefrom is referred to as a top end, whereas the opposite end thereof is referred to as a bottom end.　In addition, both ends located between the top end and the bottom end are referred to as side ends.

As shown in Fig. 2, the exterior material 12 is rectangular, and folded back from the center thereof in a way to match the respective sides.　The folding boundary may be provided with a cut or the like in advance.　The battery element 11 is sandwiched between the exterior materials 12 folded back, and the exterior materials 12 are sealed at the top end and side ends of the periphery of the battery element 11.　Forms for the sealing include, for example, adhesive bonding such as thermal fusion bonding.　The exterior material 12 has, on one of the faces lapped on each other, a housing section 16 for housing the battery element 11.　This housing section 16 is formed by, for example, deep drawing.

The positive electrode lead 14A and the negative electrode lead 14B are leaded in the same direction from a side of the exterior material 12.　The positive electrode lead 14A and the negative electrode lead 14B have the form of a thin sheet or a net.　The positive electrode lead 14A and the negative electrode lead 14B are composed of a metallic material such as, for example, aluminum, copper, nickel, or stainless steel.

The exterior material 12, lubricant 13, and battery element 11 constituting the battery 10 will be described below.

(Exterior Material)
The exterior material 12 is a filmy exterior material such as, for example, a deformable laminate film. It should be appreciated that the term "deformable" as used herein includes any suitable shape change or transformation from an initial shape, such as flexible, bendable, twistable, foldable, and the like.　Further, a "deformable" shape change may or may not be reversible or at least partially reversible to the initial shape. The exterior material 12 is configured to have, for example, a thermally fused resin layer, a metallic layer, and a surface protective layer sequentially stacked.　It is to be noted that a face of the thermally fused resin layer serves as a face for housing the battery element 11.　Materials for the thermally fused resin layer include polymer materials such as, for example, polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE).　Materials for the metallic layer include metallic materials such as, for example, aluminum (Al) or alloys thereof.　Materials for the surface protective layer include polymer materials such as, for example, nylon (Ny).　Specifically, for example, the exterior material 12 is composed of a rectangular aluminum laminated film of a nylon film, aluminum foil, and a polyethylene film bonded in this order.　The exterior material 12 is provided, for example, so that the polyethylene film side is opposed to the battery element 11, and the sides on the top end and side ends are closely attached to each other by fusion or with an adhesive.　 Adhesion films 15A and 15B for improving sealing properties are inserted between the exterior material 12 and the positive electrode lead 14A, and between the exterior material 12 and the negative electrode lead 14B, respectively.　The adhesion films 15A and 15B are composed of a material that has adhesion to the positive electrode lead 14A and the negative electrode lead 14B, for example, a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene, polypropylene, modified polyethylene, or modified polypropylene.

It is to be noted that a laminate film, a polymer film such as polypropylene, or a metallic film which has other structure, and the like may be used as the exterior material 12, in place of the laminate film which has the structure described above.

(Lubricant)
The lubricant 13 is provided between the battery element 11 and the housing face of the exterior material 12.　More specifically, the lubricant 13 is preferably provided between both principal surfaces of the battery element 11 which has a flattened shape, and the inner surfaces of the exterior material 12, which are respectively opposed to the both principal surfaces, and more preferably between the entire periphery of the battery element 11 which has a flattened shape, and the inner surface of the exterior material 12, which is opposed to the entire periphery.

For example, inorganic materials, organic materials, or mixtures thereof can be used as the lubricant 13.　Two or more inorganic materials may be used in combination, or likewise, two or more organic materials may be used in combination.

The lubricant 13 is solid, liquid, or semi-solid, for example, at room temperature (25degC).　For example, microparticles and the like may be used as the solid lubricant 13.　For example, one or more selected from the group consisting of organic solvents, electrolytic solutions, ionic liquids, and silicone oils can be used as the liquid lubricant 13.　For example, a grease and the like can be used as the semi-solid lubricant 13.　For example, gel and the like can be used as the semi-solid or solid lubricant 13.　As the gel, for example, a gel containing: one or more liquids selected from the group consisting of organic solvents, electrolytic solutions, ionic liquids, and silicone oils; and microparticles dispersed in the liquid(s), and a gel containing: one or more liquids selected from the group consisting of organic solvents, electrolytic solutions, ionic liquids, and silicone oils; and a compound for holding the liquid(s) can be used.

The microparticles, organic solvent, electrolytic solution, ionic liquid, silicone oil, and compound for use in the lubricant 13 will be sequentially described below.

(Microparticles)
It is preferable to use, as the microparticles, electrically insulating inorganic microparticles.　For example, ceramic particles containing a ceramic material as their main constituent can be used as inorganic microparticles which have such a property.　For example, metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal carbides, or metal sulfides can be used as the ceramic material.　For example, aluminum oxide (alumina, Al₂O₃), hydrated aluminum oxide (boehmite), aluminum hydroxide, magnesium oxide (magnesia, MgO), titanium oxide (titania, TiO₂), zirconium oxide (zirconia, ZrO₂), silicon oxide (silica, SiO₂), or yttrium oxide (yttria, Y₂O₃) can be used as the metal oxides.　For example, silicon nitride (Si₃N₄), aluminum nitride (AlN), boron nitride (BN), or titanium nitride (TiN) can be used as the metal nitrides.　For example, silicon carbide (SiC) or boron carbide (B₄C) can be used as the metal carbides.　For example, barium sulfide (BaSO₄) can be used as the metal sulfides.　Furthermore, minerals may be used such as porous aluminosilicate, e.g., zeolite (M_2/nO-Al₂O₃-xSiO₂-yH₂O, M is a metal element, x ≧ 2, y ≧ 0), layered silicate, barium titanate (BaTiO₃), or strontium titanate (SrTiO₃).

These ceramic materials may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.　In addition, as the inorganic microparticles, a single type of inorganic microparticles may be used, or two or more types of inorganic microparticles may be used in mixture.

Examples of the microparticle shape include, but not particularly limited thereto, for example, spherical shapes, ellipsoidal shapes, needle shapes, plate shapes, scale shapes, tube shapes, wire shapes, bar shapes (rod shapes), and indefinite shapes.　It is to be noted that two or more types of particles in the shapes mentioned above may be used in combination.　In this regard, the spherical shapes encompass not only exactly spherical shapes, but also somewhat flattened or warped spherical shapes, spherical shapes with surface asperity formed, or these shapes combined.　The ellipsoidal shapes encompass not only mathematically rigorous ellipsoidal shapes, but also somewhat flattened or warped rigorous ellipsoidal shapes, rigorous ellipsoidal shapes with surface asperity formed, or these shapes combined.　The microparticles have an average particles size of, for example, 1 μm or more.

(Organic Solvent)
Examples of the organic solvent include 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-on, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolan, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, acetonitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, methoxyacetonitrile, 3-methoxypropionitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-methyloxazolidinone, nitromethane, nitroethane, sulfolane, dimethylsulfoxide, trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, and ethylene sulfite.　These organic solvents may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.

(Electrolytic Solution)
The non-aqueous electrolytic solution contains an organic solvent and an electrolyte salt.　As the organic solvent, those mentioned above can be used.　Examples of the electrolyte salt include lithium salts, and one of the salts may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in mixture.　The lithium salts include, for example, lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆), lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide (Li(C₂F₅SO₂)2N), lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄), lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF₆), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF₄), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiSO₃CF₃), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Li(CF₃SO₂)₂N), lithium tris(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methyl (LiC(SO₂CF₃)₃), lithium chloride (LiCl), and lithium bromide (LiBr).

(Ionic Liquid)
The ionic liquid is, for example, a molten salt (ionic compound) that is liquid at room temperature (25degC).　Examples of the ionic liquid specifically include salts from cations such as imidazolium, ammonium, pyridinium, and piperidinium, and anions such as bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI), bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide (BETI), tetrafluoroborate, perchlorate, and halogen anions.

(Silicone Oil)
For example, straight silicone oils such as dimethyl silicone oils, methyl phenyl silicone oils, and methyl hydrogen silicone oils, modified silicone oils with an organic group introduced in at least one of side chains and terminals of the straight silicone oils can be used as the silicone oil.　The silicone oil preferably has a kinetic viscosity of 1000000 square mm/s or less.

(Compound)
As the compound, a polymer compound is used.　The polymer compound may be swollen in a gel-like form with one or more liquids selected from the group consisting of organic solvents, electrolytic solutions, ionic liquids, and silicone oils.　Examples of the polymer compound include polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, copolymers of polyvinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyhexafluoropropylene, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyphosphazene, polysiloxane, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethylmethacrylate, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, styrene-butadiene rubbers, nitrile-butadiene rubbers, polystyrene, or polycarbonate.　In particular, in terms of electrochemical stability, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyhexafluoropropylene, or polyethylene oxide is preferred.

(Battery Element)
As shown in Fig. 2, the battery element 11 is a battery element which has a stacked electrode structure flattened in shape.　The positive electrode lead 14A and the negative electrode lead 14B are leaded in the same direction, for example, from one end of the battery element 11.　The battery element 11 is a so-called lithium ion polymer secondary battery. It should be appreciated that the term "battery element" as used herein includes any suitable configuration in relation to any suitable application and use thereof.　For example, the battery element can include any suitable configuration relating to any suitable type of electrochemical cell including and in relation to lithium ion battery technology, alkaline battery technology,　fuel cell technology, and the like.

As shown in Fig. 3, the battery element 11 includes a positive electrode 21, a negative electrode 22, a separator 23, and an electrolyte layer 24, and the positive electrode 21, the negative electrode 22, and the separator 23 are, for example, rectangular in shape.　The battery element 11 is structured, for example, to have the positive electrode 21 and negative electrode 22 stacked with the separator 23 interposed therebetween.　Electrolyte layers 24 are provided between the positive electrode 21 and the separator 23 and between the negative electrode 22 and the separator 23, respectively.

(Positive Electrode)
The positive electrode 21 includes, for example, a positive electrode collector 21A and positive electrode active material layers 21B provided on both sides of the positive electrode collector 21A.　It is to be noted that a positive electrode active material layer 21B may be provided only one side of the positive electrode collector 21A, although not shown.　The positive electrode lead 14A is attached by welding or the like to the positive electrode collector 21A.

As shown in Fig. 4A, the positive electrode collector 21A includes a positive electrode active material layer forming part 21M and a positive electrode collector exposed part 21N.　The positive electrode active material layer forming part 21M is, for example, rectangular in shape, when viewed from a direction perpendicular to a principal surface of the positive electrode collector 21A.　The positive electrode active material layer 21B is provided on one or both sides of the positive electrode active material layer forming part 21M.　The positive electrode collector exposed part 21N is provided as an extension at a periphery of the positive electrode active material layer forming part 21M.　With positive electrodes 21, negative electrodes 22, and separators 23 stacked, a plurality of positive electrode collector exposed parts 21N joined to each other is electrically connected to the positive electrode lead 14A.　The positive electrode collector 21A is composed of metal foil such as, for example, aluminum foil, nickel foil, or stainless-steel foil.

The positive electrode active material layer 21B contains, for example, as a positive electrode active material, one of, or two or more of positive electrode materials that are able to store and release lithium, and contains a conducting agent and a binder, if necessary.

As the positive electrode materials that are able to store and release lithium, lithium-containing compounds are appropriate, such as, for example lithium oxides, lithium phosphorus oxides, lithium sulfides, or intercalation compounds containing lithium, and two or more of these compounds may be used in combination.　In order to increase the energy density, lithium-containing compounds are preferred which contain lithium, a transition metal element, and oxygen (O).　Such lithium-containing compounds include, for example, lithium composite oxides that have a bedded salt-type structure expressed in the formula (A), and lithium composite phosphates that have an olivine-type structure expressed in the formula (B).　The lithium-containing compounds more preferably contain, as a transition metal element, at least one from the group consisting of cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe).　Such lithium-containing compounds include, for example, lithium composite oxides that have a bedded salt-type structure expressed in the formula (C), the formula (D), or the formula (E), lithium composite oxides that have a spinel-type structure expressed in the formula (F), or lithium composite phosphates that have an olivine-type structure expressed in the formula (G), and specifically include LiNi_0.50Co_0.20Mn_0.30O₂, Li_aCoO₂ (a approximately equal 1), Li_bNiO₂ (b approximately equal 1), Li_c1Ni_c2Co_1-c2O₂ (c1 approximately equal 1, 0 < c2 <1), Li_dMn₂O₄ (d approximately equal 1), or Li_eFePO₄ (e approximately equal 1).

Li_pNi_(1-q-r)Mn_qM1_rO_(2-y)X_z ... (A)
(where in the formula (A), M1 represents at least one of elements selected from the Groups 2 to 15, except for nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn).　X represents at least one of the Group 16 elements and Group 17 elements, except for oxygen (O).　p, q, y, and z have values in the ranges of 0 ≦ p ≦ 1.5, 0 ≦ q ≦ 1.0, 0 ≦ r ≦ 1.0, -0.10 ≦ y ≦ 0.20, and 0 ≦ z ≦ 0.2), respectively.

Li_aM2_bPO₄ ... (B)
(where in the formula (B), M2 represents at least one of elements selected from the Groups 2 to 15.　a and b have values in the ranges of 0 ≦ a ≦ 2.0 and 0.5 ≦ b ≦ 2.0, respectively)

Li_fMn_(1-g-h)Ni_gM3_hO_(2-j)F_k ... (C)
(where in the formula (C), M3 represents at least one selected from the group consisting of cobalt (Co), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), boron (B), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), zirconium (Zr), molybdenum (Mo), tin (Sn), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and tungsten (W).　f, g, h, j, and k have values in the ranges of 0.8 ≦ f ≦ 1.2, 0 < g < 0.5, 0 ≦ h ≦ 0.5, g + h < 1, -0.1 ≦ j ≦ 0.2, and 0 ≦ k ≦ 0.1.　It is to be noted that the lithium composition varies depending on the charge/discharge state, and the value of f represents a value in a full discharge state.)

Li_mNi_(1-n)M4_nO_(2-p)F_q ... (D)
(where in the formula (D), M4 represents at least one selected from the group consisting of cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), boron (B), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo), tin (Sn), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and tungsten (W).　m, n, p, and q have values in the ranges of 0.8 ≦ m ≦ 1.2, 0.005 ≦ n ≦ 0.5, -0.1 ≦ p ≦ 0.2, and 0 ≦ q ≦ 0.1.　It is to be noted that the lithium composition varies depending on the charge/discharge state, and the value of m represents a value in a full discharge state.)

Li_rCo_(1-s)M5_sO_(2-t)F_u ... (E)
(where in the formula (E), M5 represents at least one selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), boron (B), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo), tin (Sn), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and tungsten (W).　r, s, t, and u have values in the ranges of 0.8 ≦ r ≦ 1.2, 0 ≦ s < 0.5, -0.1 ≦ t ≦ 0.2, and 0 ≦ u ≦ 0.1.　It is to be noted that the lithium composition varies depending on the charge/discharge state, and the value of r represents a value in a full discharge state.)

Li_vMn_2-wM6_wO_xF_y ... (F)
(where in the formula (F), M6 represents at least one selected from the group consisting of cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), boron (B), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo), tin (Sn), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and tungsten (W).　v, w, x, and y have values in the ranges of 0.9 ≦ v ≦ 1.1, 0 ≦ w ≦ 0.6, 3.7 ≦ x ≦ 4.1, and 0 ≦ y ≦ 0.1.　It is to be noted that the lithium composition varies depending on the charge/discharge state, and the value of v represents a value in a full discharge state.)

Li_zM7PO₄ ... (G)
(where in the formula (G), M7 represents at least one selected from the group consisting of cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), boron (B), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), tungsten (W), and zirconium (Zr).　z has a value in the range of 0.9 ≦ z ≦ 1.1.　It is to be noted that the lithium composition varies depending on the charge/discharge state, and the value of z represents a value in a full discharge state.)

Besides, inorganic compounds such as metal sulfides or metal oxides containing no lithium may be used as the positive electrode materials that are able to store and release lithium.　For example, TiS₂, TiS₃, NiS, MoS₃, FeS₂, MnO₂, MoO₃, Fe₂O₃, Fe₃O₄, V₂O₅, V₆O₁₃, NbSe₂, and the like may be used.　These positive electrode materials may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in mixture.

The positive electrode materials that are able to store and release lithium may be materials other than those mentioned above.　In addition, two or more of the positive electrode materials exemplified above may be mixed in any combination.

Examples of the conducting agent include carbon materials such as carbon black or graphite.　Examples of the binder include, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

(Negative Electrode)
The negative electrode 22 includes, for example, a negative electrode collector 22A and negative electrode active material layers 22B provided on both sides of the negative electrode collector 22A.　It is to be noted that a negative electrode active material layer 22B may be provided only one side of the negative electrode collector 22A, although not shown.　The negative electrode lead 14B is attached by welding or the like to the negative electrode collector 22A.

As shown in Fig. 4B, the negative electrode collector 22A includes a negative electrode active material layer forming part 22M and a negative electrode collector exposed part 22N.　The negative electrode active material layer forming part 22M is, for example, rectangular in shape, when viewed from a direction perpendicular to a principal surface of the negative electrode collector 22A.　The negative electrode active material layer 22B is provided on one or both sides of the negative electrode active material layer forming part 22M.　The negative electrode collector exposed part 22N is provided as an extension at a periphery of the negative electrode active material layer forming part 22M.　With positive electrodes 21, negative electrodes 22, and separators 23 stacked, a plurality of negative electrode collector exposed parts 22N joined to each other is electrically connected to the negative electrode lead 14B.　The negative electrode collector 22A is composed of metal foil such as, for example, copper foil, nickel foil, or stainless-steel foil.

The negative electrode active material layer 22B contains, as a negative electrode active material, any one or two of negative electrode materials that are able to store and release lithium, and contains a binder, if necessary.

It is to be noted that in this battery, the electrochemical equivalent of the negative electrode material that is able to store and release lithium is higher than the electrochemical equivalent of the positive electrode 21, so that no lithium metal is deposited on the negative electrode 22 in the course of charging.

The negative electrode materials that are able to store and release lithium include, carbon materials such as, for example, non-graphitizable carbon, graphitizable carbon, graphite, pyrolytic carbon, coke, glassy carbon, sintered bodies of organic polymer compounds, carbon fibers, or activated carbon.　As the graphite, it is preferable to use natural graphite subjected to spheronization or the like, or substantially spherical artificial graphite.　As the artificial graphite, artificial graphite of mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) graphitized, or artificial graphite of coke raw material graphitized and ground is preferred.　The coke includes pitch coke, needle coke, or petroleum coke.　The sintered bodies of organic polymer compounds refer to polymer materials such as phenolic resins and furan resins carbonized by firing at an appropriate temperature, some of which are classified into non-graphitizable carbon or graphitizable carbon.　In addition, the polymer materials include polyacetylene or polypyrrole.　These carbon materials are preferred because the change in crystal structure is extremely small, which is caused during charge/discharge, a high charging/discharging capacity can be achieved, and favorable cycle characteristics can be achieved.　In particular, the graphite is preferred because a high energy density can be achieved with a high electrochemical equivalent.　In addition, the non-graphitizable carbon is preferred because excellent characteristics are achieved.　Moreover, materials that are low in charge/discharge potential, specifically close in charge/discharge potential to lithium metals are preferred because the increased energy density of the battery can be easily achieved.

The negative electrode materials that are able to store and release lithium also include materials that are able to store and release lithium and contain, as a constituent, at least one of metal elements and semi-metal elements.　In this regard, the negative electrode 22 containing such a negative electrode material is referred to as an alloy-based negative electrode.　This is because the use of such a material can achieve a high energy density.　In particular, the use thereof with a carbon material is more preferred because a high energy density can be achieved, and because excellent cycle characteristics can be achieved.　This negative material may be a single metal element or semi-metal element, an alloy thereof, or a compound thereof, and may at least partially have a phase of one, or two or more of the elements, alloys, and compounds.　It is to be noted that the alloy in this technology encompasses alloys containing one or more metal elements and one or more semi-metal elements, in addition to alloys composed of two or more metal elements.　In addition, the alloys may contain a non-metal element.　Some of the compositions thereof coexist with a solid solution, an eutectic crystal (eutectic mixture), an intermetallic compound, or two or more thereof.

Examples of the metal element or semi-metal element constituting the negative electrode material include magnesium (Mg), boron (B), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), cadmium (Cd), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), hafnium (Hf), zirconium (Zr), yttrium (Y), palladium (Pd), and platinum (Pt).　These metals may be crystalline or amorphous.

Above all, this negative electrode material preferably contains, as a constituent element, a metal element or a semi-metal element of the Group 4B in the short form of the periodic table, and particularly preferably contains at least one of silicon (Si) and tin (Sn) as a constituent element.　This is because silicon (Si) and tin (Sn) can achieve a high energy density with a high ability to store and release lithium (Li).

Examples of the tin (Sn) alloy include alloys containing, as a second constituent element other than tin (Sn), at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), indium (In), silver (Ag), titanium (Ti), germanium (Ge), bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb), and chromium (Cr).　Examples of the silicon (Si) alloy include alloys containing, as a second constituent element other than silicon (Si), at least one selected from the group consisting of tin (Sn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), indium (In), silver (Ag), titanium (Ti), germanium (Ge), and bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb), and chromium (Cr).

Examples of the tin (Sn) compound or silicon (Si) compound include, compounds containing oxygen (O) or carbon (C), and may contain the second constituent element mentioned above, in addition to tin (Sn) or silicon (Si).

Examples of the negative electrode materials that are able to store and release lithium further include other metal compounds or polymer materials.　The other metal compounds include oxides such as MnO₂, V₂O₅, and V₆O₁₃, sulfides such as NiS and MoS, or lithium nitrides such as LiN₃, whereas the polymer materials include polyacetylene, polyaniline, or polypyrrole.

Examples of the binder include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) and styrene-butadiene rubbers (SBR).

(Separator)
The separator 23 is intended to allow lithium ions to pass through while isolating the positive electrode 21 from the negative electrode 22 to prevent any short-circuit current through contact between the both electrodes.　The separator 23 is composed of, for example, a porous film made of a synthetic resin of polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, or the like, or a ceramic porous film, or may be structured to have the two or more types of porous films stacked.　Above all, the porous film made of polyolefin is preferred because the film has a beneficial effect on short circuit prevention, and can improve the safety of the battery through a shutdown effect. In particular, polyethylene is preferred as a material constituting the separator 23, because polyethylene can achieve the shutdown effect in the range of 100degC or higher and 160degC or lower, and also has excellent electrochemical stability.　In addition, polypropylene is also preferred, and additionally, resins with chemical stability, if any, can be used by copolymerization or blending with polyethylene or polypropylene.　When the battery element 11 has the separator 23 at the surface, the separator 23 may include the lubricant 13.

(Electrolyte Layer)
The electrolyte layer 24 contains a non-aqueous electrolytic solution, and a polymer compound that serves as a holder for holding the non-aqueous electrolytic solution, and the polymer compound is swollen with the non-aqueous electrolytic solution.　The content ratio of the polymer compound is able to be appropriately adjusted.　As the thus configured electrolyte layer 24, a gel-like electrolyte layer is preferred.　This is because the gel-like electrolyte layer can achieve a high ionic conductivity, and prevent any liquid leakage from the battery.

The non-aqueous electrolytic liquid contains, for example, a solvent and an electrolyte salt.　Examples of the solvent include, for example, 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolan, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, acetonitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, methoxyacetonitrile, 3-methoxypropionitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-methyloxazolidinone, nitromethane, nitroethane, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide, trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, ethylene sulfite, and molten salts at ordinary temperature such as bistrifluoromethyl sulfonyl trimethylhexyl ammonium.　Above all, the use, in mixture, of at least one selected from the group consisting of 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and ethylene sulfite is preferred because excellent charge/discharge capacity characteristics and charge/discharge cycle characteristics can be achieved.　The electrolyte layer 24 may contain a known additive in order to improve battery characteristics.

The electrolyte salt may contain one, or two or more materials in mixture.　Examples of the electrolyte salt include, for example, lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆), lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide (Li(C₂F₅SO₂)2N), lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄), lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF₆), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF₄), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiSO₃CF₃), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Li(CF₃SO₂)₂N), lithium tris(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methyl (LiC(SO₂CF₃)₃), lithium chloride (LiCl), and lithium bromide (LiBr).

Examples of the polymer compound include polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, copolymers of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyhexafluoropropylene, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyphosphazene, polysiloxane, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethylmethacrylate, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, styrene-butadiene rubbers, nitrile-butadiene rubbers, polystyrene, and polycarbonate.　In particular, in terms of electrochemical stability, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyhexafluoropropylene, or polyethylene oxide is preferred.

(1.2　Method for Manufacturing Battery)
Next, an example of a method for manufacturing the battery according to the first embodiment of the present technology will be described.

(Preparation Step of Positive Electrode)
The positive electrode 21 is prepared in the following way.　First, for example, a positive electrode active material, a conducting agent, and a binder are mixed to prepare a positive electrode combination, and this positive electrode combination is dispersed in a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) to prepare a paste-like positive electrode combination slurry.　Next, this positive electrode combination slurry is applied to the strip-shaped positive electrode collector 21A, and subjected to solvent drying, and to compression molding with a roll pressing machine or the like to form the positive electrode active material layer 21B, thereby preparing the strip-shaped positive electrode 21.　Next, a precursor solution containing a solvent, an electrolyte salt, a polymer compound, and a mixed solvent is applied to the positive electrode 21, and the mixed solvent is volatilized to form the electrolyte layer 24.　Next, the positive electrode 21 is cut up into a shape depending on the battery element 11.　It is to be noted that the electrolyte layer 24 may be formed after cutting up the positive electrode 21.

(Preparation Step of Negative Electrode)
The negative electrode 22 is prepared in the following way.　First, for example, a negative electrode active material and a binder are mixed to prepare a negative electrode combination, and this negative electrode combination is dispersed in a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) or methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) to prepare a paste-like negative electrode combination slurry.　Next, this negative electrode combination slurry is applied to the strip-shaped negative electrode collector 22A, and subjected to solvent drying, and to compression molding with a roll pressing machine or the like to form the negative electrode active material layer 22B, thereby preparing the strip-shaped negative electrode 22.　Next, a precursor solution containing a solvent, an electrolyte salt, a polymer compound, and a mixed solvent is applied to the negative electrode 22, and the mixed solvent is volatilized to form the electrolyte layer 24.　Next, the negative electrode 22 is cut up into a shape depending on the battery element 11.　It is to be noted that the electrolyte layer 24 may be formed after cutting up the negative electrode 22.

(Preparation Step of Battery Element)
The battery element 11 is prepared in the following way.　First, a microporous film of polypropylene or the like cut into a rectangular shape to prepare the separator 23.　Next, multiple positive electrodes 21, negative electrodes 22, and separators 23 obtained in the way described above are, for example, as shown in Fig. 3, stacked in the order of the separator 23, positive electrode 21, separator 23, negative electrode 22, separator 23, ..., separator 23, negative electrode 22, separator 23, positive electrode 21, and separator 23 to prepare the battery element 11 which is flattened in shape.　Next, the positive electrode collector exposed parts 21N of the multiple positive electrodes 21 stacked are joined to each other, and the positive electrode lead 14A is electrically connected to the joined positive electrode collector exposed parts 21N.　Further, the negative electrode collector exposed parts 22N of the multiple negative electrodes 22 stacked are joined to each other, and the negative electrode lead 14B is electrically connected to the joined negative electrode collector exposed parts 22N.　While methods for the connection include, for example, ultrasonic welding, resistance welding, and soldering, it is preferable to use a less heat-affected method such as ultrasonic welding and resistance welding in view of damage by heat to the connection.

(Application Step of Lubricant)
The lubricant 13 is applied to at least one of the surface of the flattened battery element 11 and the inner surface of the exterior material 12.　In this regard, the surface of the battery element 11 to which the lubricant 13 is applied is preferably both principal surfaces of the battery element 11.　When the separator 23 is exposed as the outermost layer at one or both principal surfaces of the battery element 11, the separator 23 may be impregnated with the lubricant 13.　In this regard, the application is considered to encompass dropping and printing on a conceptual basis.

(Sealing Step of Battery Element)
Next, after housing the battery element 11 in the housing section 16 of the exterior material 12, the exterior material 12 is folded back from the center to lap the exterior materials 12 on each other while sandwiching the battery element 11 between the exterior materials 12.　In that regard, the adhesion films 15A and 15B are inserted between the positive electrode lead 14A and negative electrode lead 14B and the exterior materials 12.　Next, the thermally fused resin layers of the exterior materials 12 lapped on each other are bonded to each other by thermal fusion bonding at the top end and side ends of the periphery of the battery element 11.　Thus, the battery element 11 is sealed with the exterior material 12 to obtain the battery 10.　Next, if necessary, the battery 10 may be deformed into the form of an arc, depending on the shape of an electronic device into which the battery 10 is housed.

(1.3　Advantageous Effect)
The battery 10 according to the first embodiment has the lubricant 13 between the battery element 11 and the exterior material 12, making the battery element 11 and the exterior material 12 more likely to slide on each other.　Thus, the entire battery 10 becomes more likely to be deformed by bending, and the battery 10 can be achieved which is excellent in flexibility.　Therefore, even when the battery 10 is repeatedly subjected to flexion or the like, the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 are unlikely to be cracked, and battery characteristics are kept from being degraded.　Specifically, charge/discharge characteristics, load characteristics, cycle characteristics, and impedance characteristics, etc. can be kept from being degraded, even when the battery 10 is repeatedly subjected to flexion or the like.　Furthermore, the positive electrode collector 21A or negative electrode collector 22A broken by flexion can be also kept from sticking in the positive electrode 21 or the negative electrode 22 in the battery element 11, thereby causing short circuit or the like.　More particularly, the safety can be improved.

In general, in the case of a high-capacity battery, the battery is hard because electrodes have the increased numbers of layers stacked or numbers of turns, and when a high load is applied to force the battery to be bent, the electrodes are likely to be cracked to degrade battery characteristics.　In contrast, in the case of the battery 10 according to the first embodiment, even when the electrodes have the numbers of layers stacked or numbers of turns increased for the increased capacity, the flexibility of the battery 10 is improved to keep away battery characteristics from being degraded, because the lubricant 13 is provided between the battery element 11 and the exterior material 12.　Accordingly, the high-capacity battery 10 can be provided which is able to be mounted in deformable devices.

In the case of a common battery, when the surface of a battery element has a separator, the increase in frictional force between the separator and an exterior material is particularly large, because the separator and the exterior material are configured in contact with each other.　Therefore, it is particularly difficult to bend or fold the thus configured battery.　In contrast, in the first embodiment, when the surface of the battery element 11 is configured to have the separator 23, the frictional force between the separator 23 and the exterior material 12 can be reduced by providing the lubricant 13 between the separator 23 and the exterior material 12.　Therefore, it becomes easy to bend or fold the battery 10.　It is to be noted that when the battery 10 is configured as just described, the separator 23 may be impregnated with the lubricant 13 which may be liquid.

(1.4　Modification Example)
While the battery element configured to be sealed with one exterior material has been described as an example in the first embodiment, the configuration of the exterior material is not to be considered limited to this example.　For example, while a battery element is sandwiched between two rectangular exterior materials, the periphery of the battery element may be subjected to sealing by thermal fusion bonding or the like with sides lapped on each other.

While the battery element configured to have a stacked electrode structure has been described as an example in the embodiment described above, the configuration of the battery element is not to be considered limited to this example.　The present technology is also applicable to battery elements which have a wound electrode structure, or battery elements which have an electrode structure of a positive electrode and a negative electrode folded.

While the positive electrode lead and the negative electrode lead configured to be leaded in the same direction from the same side of the exterior material have been described as an example in the first embodiment, the configuration of the positive electrode lead and negative electrode lead is not to be considered limited to this example.　For example, the positive electrode lead and the negative electrode lead may be leaded in different directions from different sides of the exterior material.

While an example of applying the present technology to a lithium ion battery has been illustrated in the first embodiment, the present technology is not to be considered limited to this type of battery, but the present technology is applicable to any battery as long as the battery is configured to have a battery element externally packaged with a deformable exterior material.　In addition, the present technology is not to be considered limited to secondary batteries, but can be applied to primary batteries.

<2　Second Embodiment>
(2.1　Configuration of Wearable Terminal)
As shown in Fig. 5, a wearable terminal 30 according to a second embodiment of the present technology is a deformable　watch-type terminal which has therein the battery 10.

As shown in Fig. 6, the wearable terminal 30 according to the second embodiment of the present technology includes an electronic circuit 31 of an electronic device body, and a battery pack 32.　The battery pack 32 is electrically connected to the electronic circuit 31.　The wearable terminal 30 is configured so that, for example, the battery pack 32 is removable for a user.　It is to be noted that the configuration of the wearable terminal 30 is not to be considered limited to the removable configuration, but the battery pack 32 may be configured to be built in the wearable terminal 30 so that a user is unable to remove the battery pack 32 from the wearable terminal 30.

When the battery pack 32 is charged, a positive electrode terminal 34A and a negative electrode terminal 34B of the battery pack 32 are connected to a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal of a charger (not shown), respectively.　On the other hand, when the battery pack 32 is discharged (when the wearable terminal 30 is used), the positive electrode terminal 34A and negative electrode terminal 34B of the battery pack 32 are connected to a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal of the electronic circuit 31, respectively.

(Electronic Circuit)
The electronic circuit 31 includes, for example, a CPU, a peripheral logic unit, an interface unit, and a memory unit, and controls the entire wearable terminal 30.

(Battery Pack)
The battery pack 32 includes the battery 10 and a charge-discharge circuit 33.　As the battery 10, the battery 10 can be used according to any of the first embodiment and modification example thereof as described above.

In the case of charge, the charge-discharge circuit 33 controls charging for the battery 10.　On the other hand, in the case of discharge (that is, in the case of using the wearable terminal 30), the charge-discharge circuit 33 controls discharging for the wearable terminal 30.

(2.2　Advantageous Effect)
The wearable terminal 30 according to the second embodiment includes the battery 10 according to the first embodiment or modification example thereof, it is thus easy to deform the wearable terminal 30.　In addition, battery characteristics can be kept from being degraded, after the wearable terminal 30 is repeatedly worn.

(2.3　Modification Example)
In the second embodiment, an assembled battery may be used in place of one battery 10.　The assembled battery is configured to have a plurality of batteries electrically connected in at least one of parallel or series.　The plurality of batteries is connected with n in parallel and m in series (n and m are positive integers).

While the present technology will be specifically described with reference to examples, the present technique is not limited to only the examples.

(Example 1)
First, six positive electrodes, six negative electrodes, and thirteen separators were stacked in the order of separator, positive electrode, separator, negative electrode, separator, ... to obtain a battery element flattened in shape.　Next, a dimethyl silicone oil (from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., Shin-Etsu Silicone (Registered Trademark): KF-965) was applied as a lubricant onto each of both principal surfaces of the battery element.

Next, a rectangular aluminum laminate film was prepared by bonding a nylon film, aluminum foil, and a polyethylene film in this order, and this laminate film was folded back from the center to lap the laminate films on each other while the battery element is sandwiched between the laminate films.　In that regard, adhesion films were inserted between the positive electrode lead and negative electrode lead and the laminate films.　Next, the polyethylene films of the laminate films lapped on each other were bonded to each other by thermal fusion bonding at the top end and side ends of the periphery of the battery element to seal the battery element with the laminate films.　Thus, a battery was obtained.

(Example 2)
A mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) was prepared as an organic solvent.　In the same way as in Example 1 except for the use of the organic solvent as a lubricant, a battery was obtained.

(Example 3)
N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PP13-TFSI) (from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC.) composed of a cyclic quaternary ammonium cation and an imide anion was provided as an ionic liquid.　In the same way as in Example 1 except for the use of the ionic liquid as a lubricant, a battery was obtained.

(Example 4)
First, lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆) was added to a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and vinylene carbonate (VC) to prepare an electrolytic solution.　Next, a powder of alumina (Al₂O₃) particles was dispersed in the electrolytic solution to obtain a gel.　In the same way as in Example 1 except for the use of the gel as a lubricant, a battery was obtained.

(Example 5)
A high-vacuum grease was provided in which a powder of silica (SiO₂) particles is dispersed in a silicone oil.　In the same way as in Example 1 except for the use of the high-vacuum grease as a lubricant, a battery was obtained.

(Comparative Example 1)
In the same way as in Example 1 except that the battery element was sealed with a laminate film without applying any lubricant onto either principal surface of the battery element, a battery was obtained.

The following evaluations were made on the batteries according to Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1, which were obtained as described above

(Bending Load)
The battery was set to be bridged over a U-shaped sample stage, a sample rod (φ20 mm) set in a compression testing machine (from Instron) was pushed from the top of the battery to measure the bending strain against the load strain.　The results are shown in Table 1.

(Discharging Capacity Maintenance Ratio)
The battery was charged at 1C up to 4.2 V as an upper limit, and then discharged at 1C down to 2.5 V to find the discharging capacity before a bending test.　Next, after the implementation of the bending test for bending the battery 100 times, the discharging capacity after the bending test was found under the same charge-discharge conditions as mentioned above.　It is to be noted that the term "1C" refers to a current value at which the rating capacity of the battery is discharged at a constant current for 1 hour.　Next, the discharging capacity maintenance ratio after the bending test was found from the following formula.　The results are shown in Table 1.
(Discharging Capacity Maintenance Ratio after Bending Test) [%] = (Discharging Capacity after Bending Test/ Discharging Capacity before Bending Test) * 100

Table 1 shows the evaluation results on the batteries according to Example 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1.

The following is determined from Table 1.
The silicone oil, organic solvent, ionic liquid, gel, or high-vacuum grease provided as a lubricant between the battery element and the laminate film can reduce the bending load, and keep the discharging capacity maintenance ratio from being decreased after the bending test.　In particular, in the case of the use of the silicon oil, organic solvent, ionic liquid, or gel as a lubricant, the effect of reducing the bending load and keeping the discharging capacity maintenance ratio from being decreased after the bending test is developed remarkably.

While the embodiments and modification examples thereof, as well as the examples according to the present technology have been specifically described above, the present technology is not to be considered limited to the embodiments and modification examples thereof, as well as the examples, but various modifications can be made on the basis of the technical idea of the present technology.

For example, the configurations, methods, steps, shapes, materials, and numerical values, etc. cited in the embodiments and modification examples thereof, as well as the examples as described above are absolutely by way of example only, and configurations, methods, steps, shapes, materials, and numerical values, etc. may be used which are different from the above ones, if necessary.

Further, it is possible to combine the configurations, methods, steps, shapes, materials, and numerical values, etc. in the embodiments and modification examples thereof, as well as the examples with each other, without departing from the spirit of the present technology.

The present technology can employ the following configurations.
(1)
A battery including:
a battery element;
a flexible exterior material; and
a lubricant provided between the battery element and the exterior material.
(2)
The battery according to (1), wherein the lubricant includes one or more selected from the group consisting of organic solvents, electrolytic solutions, ionic liquids, and silicone oils.
(3)
The battery according to (1), wherein the lubricant includes a gel.
(4)
The battery according to (1) or (3), wherein the lubricant includes: one or more liquids selected from the group consisting of organic solvents, and electrolytic solutions, ionic liquids, and silicone oils; and microparticles dispersed in the liquids, or includes: one or more liquids selected from the group consisting of organic solvents, and electrolytic solutions, ionic liquids, and silicone oils; and a compound that holds the liquids.
(5)
The battery according to (1), wherein the lubricant includes microparticles.
(6)
The battery according to (1), wherein the lubricant includes a grease.
(7)
The battery according to any of (1) to (6), wherein the battery element includes an electrolyte layer including electrolytic solution and a compound that holds the electrolytic solution.
(8)
The battery according to any of (1) to (7), wherein the exterior material is a laminate film.
(9)
The battery according to any of (1) to (8), wherein the battery element includes, on a surface thereof, a separator including the lubricant.
(10)
An electronic device including a battery according to any of (1) to (9), wherein
the electronic device is powered by the battery.
(11)
　A battery comprising:
　a battery element;
　a deformable exterior material; and
　a lubricant between the battery element and the deformable exterior material.
(12)
　The battery according to any one of (1) to (9) or (11), wherein the lubricant includes at least one lubricant member selected from the group consisting of organic solvents, electrolytic solutions, ionic liquids, and silicone oils.
(13)
　The battery according to any one of (1) to (9) or (11) to (12), wherein the lubricant includes a gel.
(14)
　The battery according to any one of (1) to (9) or (11) to (12) to (13), wherein the lubricant includes at least one liquid selected from the group consisting of organic solvents, electrolytic solutions, ionic liquids, and silicone oils.
(15)
　　　 The battery according to any one of (1) to (9) or (11) to (14), wherein the lubricant further includes microparticles dispersed in the liquid.
(16)
　　　 The battery according to any one of (1) to (9) or (11) to (15), wherein the lubricant further includes a compound configured to hold the liquid.
(17)
　The battery according to any one of (1) to (9) or (11) to (16), wherein the lubricant includes microparticles.

(18)
　　　 The battery according to any one of (1) to (9) or (11) to (17), wherein the microparticles futher include inorganic particles.
(19)
　The battery according to any one of (1) to (9) or (11) to (18), wherein the lubricant includes a grease.
(20)
　The battery according to any one of (1) to (9) or (11) to (19), wherein the battery element includes an electrolyte layer including an electrolytic solution and a compound that holds the electrolytic solution.
(21)
　　　 The battery according to any one of (1) to (9) or (11) to (20), wherein the electrolyte layer is a gel electrolyte.
(22)
　The battery according to any one of (1) to (9) or (11) to (21), wherein the exterior material includes a laminate film.
(23)
　The battery according to any one of (1) to (9) or (11) to (22), wherein the battery element includes, on a surface thereof, a separator including the lubricant.
(24)
　An electronic device comprising a battery,
　　　 wherein the battery includes:
　a battery element;
　a deformable exterior material; and
　a lubricant between the battery element and the deformable exterior material.
(25)
　　　 The electronic device according to (10) or (24), wherein the electronic device is wearable.

10　Battery
11　Battery element
12　Exterior material
13　Lubricant
14A　Positive electrode lead
14B　Negative electrode lead
15A, 15B　Adhesion film
21　Positive electrode
21A　Positive electrode collector
21B　Positive electrode active material layer
22　Negative electrode
22A　Negative electrode collector
22B　Negative electrode active material layer
30　Wearable terminal
31　Electronic circuit of wearable terminal body
32　Battery pack
33　Charge-discharge circuit
34A　Positive electrode terminal
34B　Negative electrode terminal

Claims (15)

1. 　A battery comprising:
   　a battery element;
   　a deformable exterior material; and
   　a lubricant between the battery element and the deformable exterior material.
2. 　The battery according to claim 1, wherein the lubricant includes at least one lubricant member selected from the group consisting of organic solvents, electrolytic solutions, ionic liquids, and silicone oils.
3. 　The battery according to claim 1, wherein the lubricant includes a gel.
4. 　The battery according to claim 1, wherein the lubricant includes at least one liquid selected from the group consisting of organic solvents, electrolytic solutions, ionic liquids, and silicone oils.
5. 　　　 The battery according to claim 4, wherein the lubricant further includes microparticles dispersed in the liquid.
6. 　　　 The battery according to claim 4, wherein the lubricant further includes a compound configured to hold the liquid.
7. 　The battery according to claim 1, wherein the lubricant includes microparticles.
   
8. 　　　 The battery according to claim 5, wherein the microparticles futher include inorganic particles.
9. 　The battery according to claim 1, wherein the lubricant includes a grease.
10. 　The battery according to claim 1, wherein the battery element includes an electrolyte layer including an electrolytic solution and a compound that holds the electrolytic solution.
11. 　　　 The battery according to claim 10, wherein the electrolyte layer is a gel electrolyte.
12. 　The battery according to claim 1, wherein the deformable exterior material includes a laminate film.
13. 　The battery according to claim 1, wherein the battery element includes, on a surface thereof, a separator including the lubricant.
14. 　An electronic device comprising a battery,
    　　　wherein the battery includes:
    　a battery element;
    　a deformable exterior material; and
    　a lubricant between the battery element and the deformable exterior material.
15. 　　　 The electronic device according to claim 14, wherein the electronic device is wearable.

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