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WO2015158968A1 - Solar power production and sunlight filtering device suitable for agricultural greenhouses - Google Patents

Solar power production and sunlight filtering device suitable for agricultural greenhouses Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015158968A1
WO2015158968A1 PCT/FR2015/000080 FR2015000080W WO2015158968A1 WO 2015158968 A1 WO2015158968 A1 WO 2015158968A1 FR 2015000080 W FR2015000080 W FR 2015000080W WO 2015158968 A1 WO2015158968 A1 WO 2015158968A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solar
photovoltaic surfaces
photovoltaic
greenhouse
transparent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/FR2015/000080
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Joël GILBERT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sunpartner Technologies SAS
Original Assignee
Sunpartner Technologies SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sunpartner Technologies SAS filed Critical Sunpartner Technologies SAS
Publication of WO2015158968A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015158968A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
    • A01G9/243—Collecting solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F24S50/80—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for controlling collection or absorption of solar radiation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
    • F24S70/60—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the structure or construction
    • F24S70/65—Combinations of two or more absorbing elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
    • H02S20/32—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
    • H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H10F77/492—Spectrum-splitting means, e.g. dichroic mirrors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/30—Solar heat collectors using working fluids with means for exchanging heat between two or more working fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S2020/10—Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements
    • F24S2020/18—Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements having a particular shape, e.g. prismatic, pyramidal
    • F24S2020/183—Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements having a particular shape, e.g. prismatic, pyramidal in the form of louvers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S30/20—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for linear movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
    • F24S30/42—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with only one rotation axis
    • F24S30/425—Horizontal axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S90/00—Solar heat systems not otherwise provided for
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to devices for producing solar, thermal and photovoltaic energy, and more particularly to the use of photovoltaic surfaces for producing heat and for regulating the brightness inside an agricultural greenhouse.
  • Photovoltaic solar panels produce electricity and their surfaces are heated under solar radiation, it is sometimes interesting to recover this heat through the circulation of a heat transfer fluid, liquid or gas, which moves in contact with said surfaces.
  • solar panels being generally opaque they are sometimes used, in addition to their primary function, which is to produce energy, to reduce the solar luminosity inside agricultural greenhouses or greenhouses when this is done. proves necessary.
  • the main purpose of the invention is to use a network of photovoltaic surfaces to firstly produce photovoltaic and thermal energy, and secondly to regulate the solar luminosity that passes through said network.
  • the device Positioned on a greenhouse, for example, the device will increase crop production yields, especially those micro-algae that require a fairly low brightness and constant, while producing the electrical energy and heat required for the operation of the greenhouse.
  • the subject of the invention is a device comprising a plurality of mobile photovoltaic surfaces, possibly arranged in an ordered network, the orientations of which are controlled by a control device.
  • electromechanical programming said photovoltaic surfaces being positioned inside an enclosure transparent to solar radiation and producing, on the one hand, electrical energy and, on the other hand, a heating of the air contained inside said enclosure transparent thanks to the contact of the air with the photovoltaic surfaces which heat up under the effect of their exposure to solar radiation, said device being characterized in that said photovoltaic surfaces are oriented with respect to the position and brightness of the sun so that the overall brightness passing through said transparent enclosure is as close as possible to a constant during the day.
  • said overall luminosity constant which passes through said transparent enclosure is between 100 and 200 Watts per square meter.
  • said photovoltaic surfaces are arranged in an ordered network and are movable about an axis or move relative to each other on parallel planes.
  • said photovoltaic surfaces are flat or curved, of square, rectangular, circular or hexagonal shape.
  • the lower part of said transparent enclosure is covered with a sunscreen or a dichroic solar filter which has the property of allowing part of the solar spectrum to pass and which reflects the other part of the solar spectrum.
  • said dichroic solar filter is optically structured on the surface to disperse the reflected rays and / or contains frosted, pyramidal, curved, parabolic or cylindro-parabolic forms, in all these cases so as to promote the redirection of the solar radiation incident to the undersides of photovoltaic surfaces.
  • said photovoltaic surfaces are active on their face above and on their underside, and the energy performance of the photovoltaic face underneath is optionally adapted to the wavelengths of the solar spectrum which is reflected by said dichroic solar filter.
  • said plurality of photovoltaic surfaces and said transparent enclosure are integrated in a greenhouse or dwelling so as to regulate the brightness received inside said greenhouse.
  • said transparent enclosure is traversed by a flow of air flowing above and / or below said photovoltaic surfaces and emerging either in the open air to evacuate the calories, or inside. said greenhouse so as to regulate the temperature of its indoor environment possibly through an air / water type heat exchanger.
  • said greenhouse houses a culture of micro-algae, among which:
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of the device when integrated into a greenhouse.
  • FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the manner in which the air heats up in contact with the photovoltaic surfaces.
  • Figure 3 and Figure 4 illustrate two possible positions for a network of photovoltaic surfaces that move relative to each other in two parallel planes.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional diagram in which an alignment of planar photovoltaic solar collectors (9) orientable about a horizontal axis (10) are separated from each other by a space of transparency with solar radiation (21,31 ), said transparency space being able to pass more or less the light (21,31) of the sun (2,3) as a function of both the inclination of said solar collectors (9) and the position of the sun (2, 3).
  • the solar panels (9) are positioned in a transparent enclosure (4) which makes little or no obstacle to solar radiation (21,31), and said enclosure (4) is positioned on a greenhouse (1).
  • a regulation of the luminous intensity which crosses globally the transparent enclosure (4) is possible thanks to an electromechanical device of control (P) of the position of the solar panels which takes into account at any moment of the position and the luminosity of the sun .
  • P electromechanical device of control
  • the panels (9) will incline for passing on average than l / 5 th of solar radiation (21).
  • the solar panels (9) will tilt to pass on average only 1/3 of the solar radiation (31).
  • the light energy captured by the solar panels (9) is partly converted into electricity thanks to the conversion property of the photovoltaic materials, and partly into heat thanks to the dark absorbing surface of said sensors (9).
  • the air contained in said enclosure (4) and coming from the inside of the greenhouse (5) heats up in contact with the solar panels (9) and is pushed to the outside of the greenhouse (7) in order to remove the unnecessary calories, either to the inside of the greenhouse (6) in order to recover these calories to warm up the indoor environment (14).
  • a mechanical device (8) makes it possible to direct at will the flow of air coming from the enclosure (4) towards the inside (6) or towards the outside (7) of the greenhouse (1), the control the device (8) being able to be done by an electromechanical control (not shown) programmed to meet the setpoints of the ideal temperature chosen for the type of culture in progress inside the greenhouse (14).
  • the heat captured by the device and which is reinjected into the greenhouse can also pass through heat exchangers (not shown) so to better organize the distribution of this heat, including a heat exchanger / air / water would heat the water of a pool or watering.
  • FIG. 2 represents a photovoltaic solar panel (9) movable about an axis (10) which produces an electric potential difference (+, -) at its ends when it is illuminated by solar radiation (15).
  • the surface (11) of the solar panel (9) which is exposed to the sun heats up and transmits its calories (20) to the airflow (5) with which it is in contact, said airflow (13) being then warms up and sees its temperature (T °) increased.
  • the solar energy that illuminates the solar panel (9) is therefore transformed into electrical energy and thermal energy.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate the particular case of a device which is composed of a multitude of plane photovoltaic surfaces (18, 19) in the form of identical parallel strips which are arranged on two transparent (16, 17) and parallel surfaces between they. One of the two surfaces slides relative to the other so that the overall surface that is exposed to the rays (21) of the sun (2) is more or less important, which allows to regulate the brightness (22, 23) which passes through the device.
  • the advantage of the device is the simplicity of implementation of the mechanical part which is necessary to ensure the sliding of one of the two surfaces, especially when said surfaces are reduced in size.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the case of a transparent enclosure (4) whose lower part is covered with a dichroic filter (30) which has the property of passing a part (24,34) of the solar spectrum and which reflects a other part (25).
  • the upper faces (11) of the solar panels receive direct light (21,31) from the sun (2) or the veiled sun (3) and the lower faces (12) of said solar panels are also active and receive the light (25) which is reflected by the dichroic filter (30).
  • the advantage of this variant lies in the use of a dichroic filter rather than a colored filter. Indeed, in the case of a colored filter the non-through light portion is absorbed by said filter which constitutes a loss of light.
  • the solar panel could have on the one hand an upper surface composed of crystalline silicon whose energy response is adapted to the solar spectrum as a whole, and on the other hand have a lower surface composed of amorphous silicon whose energy response is adapted to the green color that would be reflected by the dichroic filter.
  • the dichroic filter (30) more easily reaches the underside (12) of the solar panels even though they can take a wide variety of positions depending on the brightness settings controlled by the programmer ( P)
  • a frosted surface structure makes it possible to redirect the reflected light (25) in all directions so that, whatever the orientation of the panels, at least part of this light always reaches the underside of the panels, or even in certain positions also the upper surface of said panels, which increases the overall energy efficiency of the device.
  • a concrete example of construction is composed of a greenhouse whose transparent walls are made of PMMA-type organic glass (acronym for methyl polymethacrylate).
  • the upper part of the greenhouse contains a transparent enclosure whose upper and lower faces are flat and parallel to each other and of substantially the same dimensions as the upper part of the greenhouse.
  • Said enclosure contains a network of rectangular solar panels of dimensions 120 x 40 centimeters which are arranged in rows and columns and of which the first face is composed of photovoltaic cells of monocrystalline silicon type and the second face is composed of a thin layer of amorphous silicon.
  • Each line of solar panels is orientable around a horizontal axis oriented East / West and all parallel axes of rotation are spaced 50 cm so that when all the panels are aligned horizontally, the space of transparency between the panels is only 10 cm.
  • the lower planar surface of the enclosure is covered by a dichroic film which preferentially lets pass the blue and red colors and selects the green color which is reflected towards the inside of the enclosure therefore towards the face "lower solar panels.
  • the enclosure is traversed by a flow of air coming from inside the greenhouse and heats up in contact with the solar panels.An electromechanical programmer tilts the panels in relation to the sun so that the average brightness inside of the greenhouse approaches as close as possible and remains constant around 200 Watts per m 2.
  • Another electromechanical programmer controls the flow of air flowing through the enclosure and also controls a valve that redirects the flow of air coming out. the enclosure either towards the outside of the greenhouse or towards the inside of the greenhouse so as to maintain an ideal ambient temperature of 25 ° C.
  • the invention responds well to the goals set by allowing a network of photovoltaic surfaces to produce photovoltaic and thermal energy, and to regulate the solar luminosity that passes through said network.
  • the colored light not used by the plants usually the green color, is redirected to the solar panels which increases their energy efficiency.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Greenhouses (AREA)

Abstract

For the purpose of limiting and controlling solar radiation (21, 31) inside an agricultural greenhouse (1) and in order to optimize crop yield while maximizing the recovery of solar power for electricity and heating needs, the device according to the invention includes a plurality of movable photovoltaic surfaces (9), the orientations of which are controlled by electromechanical programming (P). Said photovoltaic surfaces (9) are positioned inside a chamber (4) that is transparent to solar radiation (21, 31). Said photovoltaic surfaces (9) generate electrical power and heat the air (13) contained inside said transparent chamber (4) due to the contact of said air (13) with the photovoltaic surfaces (11) which are heated as a result of the exposure thereof to the solar radiation (15, 21, 31). Said photovoltaic surfaces (9) are oriented in relation to the position (2, 3) and luminosity (21, 31) of the sun so as to regulate the overall luminosity that passes through the photovoltaic surfaces (9). A dichroic filter (30) makes it possible to select the ideal color, or the portion of the solar spectrum, which optimizes plant photosynthesis or growth and sends the light not useful for plant growth back to the solar collectors.

Description

Dispositif de production d'énergie solaire et de filtrage de la lumière solaire adapté aux serres agricoles  Device for producing solar energy and filtering sunlight suitable for agricultural greenhouses

La présente invention se rapporte aux dispositifs de production d'énergie solaire, thermique et photovoltaïque, et plus particulièrement à l'utilisation de surfaces photovoltaïques pour produire de la chaleur et pour réguler la luminosité à l'intérieur d'une serre agricole. The present invention relates to devices for producing solar, thermal and photovoltaic energy, and more particularly to the use of photovoltaic surfaces for producing heat and for regulating the brightness inside an agricultural greenhouse.

ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUE STATE OF THE ART

Les panneaux solaires photovoltaïques produisent de l'électricité et leurs surfaces s'échauffant sous le rayonnement solaire, il est parfois intéressant de récupérer cette chaleur grâce à la circulation d'un fluide caloporteur, liquide ou gazeux, qui se déplace au contact desdites surfaces. Par ailleurs les panneaux solaires étant en général opaques ils sont parfois utilisés, en plus de leur fonction première qui est de produire de l'énergie, pour diminuer la luminosité solaire à l'intérieur des serres agricoles ou des serres d'habitation lorsque cela s'avère nécessaire.  Photovoltaic solar panels produce electricity and their surfaces are heated under solar radiation, it is sometimes interesting to recover this heat through the circulation of a heat transfer fluid, liquid or gas, which moves in contact with said surfaces. In addition, solar panels being generally opaque they are sometimes used, in addition to their primary function, which is to produce energy, to reduce the solar luminosity inside agricultural greenhouses or greenhouses when this is done. proves necessary.

BUT DE L'INVENTION PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION

L'invention a pour but principal d'utiliser un réseau de surfaces photovoltaïques pour d'une part produire de l'énergie photovoltaïque et thermique, et d'autre part pour réguler la luminosité solaire qui traverse ledit réseau. Positionné sur une serre agricole, par exemple, le dispositif permettra d'augmenter les rendements de production des cultures, notamment celles des micro-algues qui demandent une luminosité assez faible et constante, tout en produisant l'énergie électrique et calorifique nécessaire au fonctionnement de la serre.  The main purpose of the invention is to use a network of photovoltaic surfaces to firstly produce photovoltaic and thermal energy, and secondly to regulate the solar luminosity that passes through said network. Positioned on a greenhouse, for example, the device will increase crop production yields, especially those micro-algae that require a fairly low brightness and constant, while producing the electrical energy and heat required for the operation of the greenhouse.

RESUME DE L'INVENTION SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Dans son principe de base l'invention a pour objet un dispositif comprenant une pluralité de surfaces photovoltaïques mobiles, éventuellement agencées en un réseau ordonné, dont les orientations sont commandées par un dispositif de programmation électromécanique, lesdites surfaces photovoltaïques étant positionnées à l'intérieur d'une enceinte transparente au rayonnement solaire et produisant d'une part de l'énergie électrique et d'autre part un échauffement de l'air contenu à l'intérieur de ladite enceinte transparente grâce au contact de l'air avec les surfaces photovoltaïques qui s'échauffent sous l'effet de leurs expositions au rayonnement solaire, ledit dispositif étant caractérisé en ce que lesdites surfaces photovoltaïques s'orientent par rapport à la position et à la luminosité du soleil de manière à ce que la luminosité globale qui traverse ladite enceinte transparente soit la plus proche possible d'une constante au cours de la journée. In its basic principle, the subject of the invention is a device comprising a plurality of mobile photovoltaic surfaces, possibly arranged in an ordered network, the orientations of which are controlled by a control device. electromechanical programming, said photovoltaic surfaces being positioned inside an enclosure transparent to solar radiation and producing, on the one hand, electrical energy and, on the other hand, a heating of the air contained inside said enclosure transparent thanks to the contact of the air with the photovoltaic surfaces which heat up under the effect of their exposure to solar radiation, said device being characterized in that said photovoltaic surfaces are oriented with respect to the position and brightness of the sun so that the overall brightness passing through said transparent enclosure is as close as possible to a constant during the day.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier du dispositif selon l'invention, ladite constante de luminosité globale qui traverse ladite enceinte transparente est comprise entre 100 et 200 Watts par mètre carré.  In a particular embodiment of the device according to the invention, said overall luminosity constant which passes through said transparent enclosure is between 100 and 200 Watts per square meter.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, lesdites surfaces photovoltaïques sont agencées en un réseau ordonné et sont mobiles autour d'un axe ou se déplacent les unes par rapport aux autres sur des plans parallèles.  In a particular embodiment of the invention, said photovoltaic surfaces are arranged in an ordered network and are movable about an axis or move relative to each other on parallel planes.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, lesdites surfaces photovoltaïques sont planes ou courbes, de forme carrée, rectangulaire, circulaire ou hexagonale.  In another particular embodiment of the invention, said photovoltaic surfaces are flat or curved, of square, rectangular, circular or hexagonal shape.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, la partie inférieure de ladite enceinte transparente est recouverte d'un filtre solaire ou d'un filtre solaire dichroïque qui a la propriété de laisser passer une partie du spectre solaire et qui réfléchit l'autre partie du spectre solaire.  In another embodiment of the invention, the lower part of said transparent enclosure is covered with a sunscreen or a dichroic solar filter which has the property of allowing part of the solar spectrum to pass and which reflects the other part of the solar spectrum.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation, ledit filtre solaire dichroïque est structuré optiquement en surface pour disperser les rayons réfléchis et/ou contient des formes dépolies, pyramidales, courbes, paraboliques ou cylindro-paraboliques, dans tous ces cas de manière à favoriser la redirection du rayonnement solaire incident vers les faces du dessous des surfaces photovoltaïques.  In another embodiment, said dichroic solar filter is optically structured on the surface to disperse the reflected rays and / or contains frosted, pyramidal, curved, parabolic or cylindro-parabolic forms, in all these cases so as to promote the redirection of the solar radiation incident to the undersides of photovoltaic surfaces.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, lesdites surfaces photovoltaïques sont actives sur leur face du dessus et sur leur face du dessous, et la performance énergétique de la face photovoltaïque du dessous est éventuellement adaptée aux longueurs d'ondes du spectre solaire qui est réfléchi par ledit filtre solaire dichroïque. In another particular embodiment of the invention, said photovoltaic surfaces are active on their face above and on their underside, and the energy performance of the photovoltaic face underneath is optionally adapted to the wavelengths of the solar spectrum which is reflected by said dichroic solar filter.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation particulier, ladite pluralité de surfaces photovoltaïques et ladite enceinte transparente sont intégrées à une serre agricole ou d'habitation de manière à réguler la luminosité reçue à l'intérieur de ladite serre.  In another particular embodiment, said plurality of photovoltaic surfaces and said transparent enclosure are integrated in a greenhouse or dwelling so as to regulate the brightness received inside said greenhouse.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation particulier, ladite enceinte transparente est parcourue par un flux d'air qui circule au dessus et/ou au dessous desdites surfaces photovoltaïques et qui ressort soit à l'air libre pour évacuer les calories, soit à l'intérieur de ladite serre de manière à réguler la température de son ambiance intérieure éventuellement par l'intermédiaire d'un échangeur thermique de type air/eau.  In another particular embodiment, said transparent enclosure is traversed by a flow of air flowing above and / or below said photovoltaic surfaces and emerging either in the open air to evacuate the calories, or inside. said greenhouse so as to regulate the temperature of its indoor environment possibly through an air / water type heat exchanger.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation particulier, ladite serre abrite une culture de micro-algues, parmi lesquelles :  In another particular embodiment, said greenhouse houses a culture of micro-algae, among which:

Asterionella formosa, Ceratium furca, Ceratium furcoides, Ceratium fusus, Cryptomonas marssonii, Cysclotella meneghiniana, Dinobryon divergens, Porphyrium cruentum, Scenedesmus sp, Tychonema bourrelyi.  Asterionella formosa, Ceratium furca, Ceratium furcoides, Ceratium fusus, Cryptomonas marssonii, Cysclotella meneghiniana, Dinobryon divergens, Porphyrium cruentum, Scenedesmus sp, Tychonema bourrelyi.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTION DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

L'invention est maintenant décrite plus en détails à l'aide de la description des figures 1 à 5 indexées.  The invention is now described in more detail with the help of the description of the indexed FIGS. 1 to 5.

La figure 1 est un schéma de principe du dispositif lorsqu'il est intégré à une serre agricole.  Figure 1 is a block diagram of the device when integrated into a greenhouse.

La figure 2 est un schéma explicatif de la manière dont l'air s'échauffe au contact des surfaces photovoltaïques.  FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the manner in which the air heats up in contact with the photovoltaic surfaces.

La figure 3 et la figure 4 illustrent deux positions possibles pour un réseau de surfaces photovoltaïques qui se déplacent les unes par rapport aux autres suivant deux plans parallèles.  Figure 3 and Figure 4 illustrate two possible positions for a network of photovoltaic surfaces that move relative to each other in two parallel planes.

La figure 5 montre le parcours optique du rayonnement solaire lorsque le dispositif est dans un mode de réalisation qui contient un filtre dichroïque semi réfléchissant. La figure 1 est un schéma de principe en coupe dans lequel un alignement de capteurs solaires photovoltaïques plans (9) orientables autour d'un axe horizontal (10) sont séparés les uns des autres par un espace de transparence au rayonnement solaire (21,31), ledit espace de transparence pouvant laisser passer plus ou moins la lumière (21,31) du soleil (2,3) en fonction à la fois de l'inclinaison desdits capteurs solaires (9) et de la position du soleil (2,3). Les panneaux solaires (9) sont positionnés dans une enceinte transparente (4) qui ne fait pas, ou peu, obstacle au rayonnement solaire (21,31), et ladite enceinte (4) est positionnée sur une serre agricole (1). Une régulation de l'intensité lumineuse qui traverse globalement l'enceinte transparente (4) est possible grâce à un dispositif électromécanique de commande (P) de la position des panneaux solaires qui tient compte à chaque instant de la position et de la luminosité du soleil. Ainsi, par exemple, pour une consigne de luminosité constante de 200 W/m2 en moyenne à l'intérieur de la serre lorsque la puissance du soleil (2) est à 1000 W/m2, les panneaux (9) s'inclineront pour ne laisser passer en moyenne que l/5eme du rayonnement solaire (21). Par contre lorsque la puissance du soleil (3) diminue à 600 W/m2 les panneaux solaires (9) s'inclineront pour ne laisser passer en moyenne que 1/3 du rayonnement solaire (31). L'énergie lumineuse capturée par les panneaux solaires (9) est transformée en partie en électricité grâce à la propriété de conversion des matériaux photovoltaïques, et en partie en chaleur grâce à la surface sombre absorbante desdits capteurs (9). L'air contenu dans ladite enceinte (4) et en provenance de l'intérieur de la serre (5) s'échauffe au contact des panneaux solaires (9) et est poussé soit vers l'extérieur de la serre (7) afin d'évacuer les calories superflues, soit vers l'intérieur de la serre (6) afin de récupérer ces calories pour réchauffer son ambiance intérieure (14). Un dispositif mécanique (8) permet d'orienter à volonté le flux d'air en provenance de l'enceinte (4) vers l'intérieur (6) ou vers l'extérieur (7) de la serre (1), la commande du dispositif (8) pouvant se faire par un asservissement électromécanique (non illustré) programmé pour satisfaire aux consignes de la température idéale choisie pour le type de culture en cours à l'intérieur de la serre (14). Bien sûr la chaleur capturée par le dispositif et qui est réinjectée dans la serre peut aussi passer au travers d'échangeurs thermiques (non représentés) afin d'organiser au mieux la répartition de cette chaleur, notamment un échangeur/thermique air/eau permettrait de réchauffer l'eau d'un bassin ou une eau d'arrosage. Figure 5 shows the optical path of solar radiation when the device is in an embodiment that contains a semi-reflective dichroic filter. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional diagram in which an alignment of planar photovoltaic solar collectors (9) orientable about a horizontal axis (10) are separated from each other by a space of transparency with solar radiation (21,31 ), said transparency space being able to pass more or less the light (21,31) of the sun (2,3) as a function of both the inclination of said solar collectors (9) and the position of the sun (2, 3). The solar panels (9) are positioned in a transparent enclosure (4) which makes little or no obstacle to solar radiation (21,31), and said enclosure (4) is positioned on a greenhouse (1). A regulation of the luminous intensity which crosses globally the transparent enclosure (4) is possible thanks to an electromechanical device of control (P) of the position of the solar panels which takes into account at any moment of the position and the luminosity of the sun . Thus, for example, for a constant luminosity reference of 200 W / m 2 on average inside the greenhouse when the power of the sun (2) is 1000 W / m 2 , the panels (9) will incline for passing on average than l / 5 th of solar radiation (21). On the other hand, when the power of the sun (3) decreases to 600 W / m 2, the solar panels (9) will tilt to pass on average only 1/3 of the solar radiation (31). The light energy captured by the solar panels (9) is partly converted into electricity thanks to the conversion property of the photovoltaic materials, and partly into heat thanks to the dark absorbing surface of said sensors (9). The air contained in said enclosure (4) and coming from the inside of the greenhouse (5) heats up in contact with the solar panels (9) and is pushed to the outside of the greenhouse (7) in order to remove the unnecessary calories, either to the inside of the greenhouse (6) in order to recover these calories to warm up the indoor environment (14). A mechanical device (8) makes it possible to direct at will the flow of air coming from the enclosure (4) towards the inside (6) or towards the outside (7) of the greenhouse (1), the control the device (8) being able to be done by an electromechanical control (not shown) programmed to meet the setpoints of the ideal temperature chosen for the type of culture in progress inside the greenhouse (14). Of course the heat captured by the device and which is reinjected into the greenhouse can also pass through heat exchangers (not shown) so to better organize the distribution of this heat, including a heat exchanger / air / water would heat the water of a pool or watering.

La figure 2 représente un panneau solaire photovoltaïque (9) mobile autour d'un axe (10) qui produit une différence de potentiel électrique (+,-) à ses extrémités lorsqu'il est éclairé par un rayonnement (15) solaire. La surface (11) du panneau solaire (9) qui est exposée au soleil s'échauffe et transmet ses calories (20) au flux d'air (5) avec lequel elle est en contact, ledit flux d'air (13) s'échauffe alors à son tour et voit sa température (T°) augmentée. L'énergie solaire qui éclaire le panneau solaire (9) est donc transformée en énergie électrique et en énergie thermique.  FIG. 2 represents a photovoltaic solar panel (9) movable about an axis (10) which produces an electric potential difference (+, -) at its ends when it is illuminated by solar radiation (15). The surface (11) of the solar panel (9) which is exposed to the sun heats up and transmits its calories (20) to the airflow (5) with which it is in contact, said airflow (13) being then warms up and sees its temperature (T °) increased. The solar energy that illuminates the solar panel (9) is therefore transformed into electrical energy and thermal energy.

Les figures 3 et 4 illustrent le cas particulier d'un dispositif qui est composé d'une multitude de surfaces photovoltaïques planes (18,19) en forme de bandes parallèles identiques qui sont disposées sur deux surfaces transparentes (16,17) et parallèles entre elles. L'une des deux surfaces glisse par rapport à l'autre de manière à ce que la surface globale qui est exposée aux rayons (21) du soleil (2) soit plus ou moins importante, ce qui permet de réguler la luminosité (22,23) qui traverse le dispositif. L'avantage du dispositif est la simplicité de mise en oeuvre de la partie mécanique qui est nécessaire pour assurer le glissement d'une des deux surfaces, notamment lorsque lesdites surfaces sont de tailles réduites.  FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate the particular case of a device which is composed of a multitude of plane photovoltaic surfaces (18, 19) in the form of identical parallel strips which are arranged on two transparent (16, 17) and parallel surfaces between they. One of the two surfaces slides relative to the other so that the overall surface that is exposed to the rays (21) of the sun (2) is more or less important, which allows to regulate the brightness (22, 23) which passes through the device. The advantage of the device is the simplicity of implementation of the mechanical part which is necessary to ensure the sliding of one of the two surfaces, especially when said surfaces are reduced in size.

La figure 5 illustre le cas d'une enceinte transparente (4) dont la partie inférieure est recouverte d'un filtre dichroïque (30) qui a la propriété de laisser passer une partie (24,34) du spectre solaire et qui en réfléchit une autre partie (25). Les faces supérieures (11) des panneaux solaires reçoivent la lumière directe (21,31) du soleil (2) ou du soleil voilé (3) et les faces inférieures (12) desdits panneaux solaires sont également actives et reçoivent la lumière (25) qui est réfléchie par le filtre dichroïque (30). L'intérêt de cette variante réside dans l'utilisation d'un filtre dichroïque plutôt qu'un filtre coloré. En effet dans le cas d'un filtre coloré la partie lumineuse non traversante est absorbée par ledit filtre ce qui constitue une perte de lumière. Cette lumière qui est perdue par le filtre coloré est par contre réfléchie dans le cas d'un filtre dichroïque ce qui permet de rediriger une partie de la lumière vers la surface active inférieure du panneau solaire. Globalement le panneau solaire biface recevra plus de lumière et sera donc capable de produire plus d'énergie électrique qu'un panneau qui ne comporterait qu'une seule face active tournée vers le soleil. Un autre avantage réside dans le fait que la nature du composant photovoltaïque de cette face inférieure peut être adaptée aux longueurs d'ondes reçues en provenance du filtre dichroïque de manière à optimiser au mieux les performances de conversion électrique. Par exemple le panneau solaire pourrait avoir d'une part une surface supérieure composée de silicium cristallin dont la réponse énergétique est adaptée au spectre solaire dans son ensemble, et d'autre part avoir une surface inférieure composée de silicium amorphe dont la réponse énergétique est adaptée à la couleur verte qui serait réfléchie par le filtre dichroïque. Afin que la lumière (25) réfléchie par le filtre dichroïque (30) atteigne plus facilement la face inférieure (12) des panneaux solaires alors même que ceux-ci peuvent prendre des positions très diverses en fonction des consignes de luminosité commandée par le programmateur (P), il est intéressant de structurer optiquement la surface dudit film dichroïque de manière à ce que la lumière qui est réfléchie (25) s'oriente de préférence vers les panneaux solaires plutôt que cette lumière ne se perde entre les espaces qui séparent lesdits panneaux. Une structure de surface dépolie permet en effet de rediriger la lumière réfléchie (25) dans toutes les directions afin que, quelle que soit l'orientation des panneaux, une partie au moins de cette lumière atteigne toujours la face inférieure des panneaux, voire même dans certaines positions également la surface supérieure desdits panneaux, ce qui augmente d'autant le rendement énergétique global du dispositif. FIG. 5 illustrates the case of a transparent enclosure (4) whose lower part is covered with a dichroic filter (30) which has the property of passing a part (24,34) of the solar spectrum and which reflects a other part (25). The upper faces (11) of the solar panels receive direct light (21,31) from the sun (2) or the veiled sun (3) and the lower faces (12) of said solar panels are also active and receive the light (25) which is reflected by the dichroic filter (30). The advantage of this variant lies in the use of a dichroic filter rather than a colored filter. Indeed, in the case of a colored filter the non-through light portion is absorbed by said filter which constitutes a loss of light. This light that is lost by the color filter is reflected against in the case of a dichroic filter which redirects some of the light to the lower active surface of the solar panel. Overall the two-sided solar panel will receive more light and will therefore be able to produce more electrical energy than a panel that has only one active face facing the sun. Another advantage lies in the fact that the nature of the photovoltaic component of this lower face can be adapted to the wavelengths received from the dichroic filter so as to optimize the electrical conversion performance as well as possible. For example, the solar panel could have on the one hand an upper surface composed of crystalline silicon whose energy response is adapted to the solar spectrum as a whole, and on the other hand have a lower surface composed of amorphous silicon whose energy response is adapted to the green color that would be reflected by the dichroic filter. So that the light (25) reflected by the dichroic filter (30) more easily reaches the underside (12) of the solar panels even though they can take a wide variety of positions depending on the brightness settings controlled by the programmer ( P), it is advantageous to optically structure the surface of said dichroic film so that the light which is reflected (25) is preferably oriented towards the solar panels rather than this light is lost between the spaces separating said panels . A frosted surface structure makes it possible to redirect the reflected light (25) in all directions so that, whatever the orientation of the panels, at least part of this light always reaches the underside of the panels, or even in certain positions also the upper surface of said panels, which increases the overall energy efficiency of the device.

EXEMPLE DE REALISATION EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENT

Un exemple concret de réalisation est composé d'une serre agricole dont les parois transparentes sont en verre organique de type PMMA (Acronyme de Polymétachrylate de Méthyle). La partie supérieure de la serre contient une enceinte transparente dont les faces supérieures et inférieures sont planes et parallèles entre elles et sensiblement de mêmes dimensions que la partie supérieure de la serre. Ladite enceinte contient un réseau de panneaux solaires rectangulaires de dimensions 120 x 40 centimètres qui sont agencés en lignes et en colonnes et dont la première face est composée de cellules photovoltaïques de type silicium monocristallin et la deuxième face est composée d'une couche mince de silicium amorphe. Chaque ligne de panneaux solaires est orientable autour d'un axe horizontal orienté Est/Ouest et tous les axes de rotation parallèles sont espacés de 50 cm de sorte que lorsque tous les panneaux sont alignés à l'horizontale, l'espace de transparence entre les panneaux n'est plus que de 10 cm. La surface plane inférieure de l'enceinte est recouverte par un film dichroïque qui laisse passer préférentiellement les couleurs rouge et bleue et sélectionne la couleur verte qui est réfléchie vers l'intérieur de l'enceinte donc vers la face "inférieure des panneaux solaires. L'enceinte est parcourue par un flux d'air provenant de l'intérieur de la serre et s'échauffe au contact des panneaux solaires. Un programmateur électromécanique incline les panneaux par rapport au soleil de manière à ce que la luminosité moyenne à l'intérieur de la serre se rapproche le plus possible et reste constante autour de 200 Watts par m2. Un autre programmateur électromécanique commande le débit du flux d'air qui traverse l'enceinte et commande aussi une vanne qui redirige le flux d'air qui sort de l'enceinte soit vers l'extérieur de la serre soit vers l'intérieur de la serre de manière à maintenir une température ambiante idéale de 25°C . A concrete example of construction is composed of a greenhouse whose transparent walls are made of PMMA-type organic glass (acronym for methyl polymethacrylate). The upper part of the greenhouse contains a transparent enclosure whose upper and lower faces are flat and parallel to each other and of substantially the same dimensions as the upper part of the greenhouse. Said enclosure contains a network of rectangular solar panels of dimensions 120 x 40 centimeters which are arranged in rows and columns and of which the first face is composed of photovoltaic cells of monocrystalline silicon type and the second face is composed of a thin layer of amorphous silicon. Each line of solar panels is orientable around a horizontal axis oriented East / West and all parallel axes of rotation are spaced 50 cm so that when all the panels are aligned horizontally, the space of transparency between the panels is only 10 cm. The lower planar surface of the enclosure is covered by a dichroic film which preferentially lets pass the blue and red colors and selects the green color which is reflected towards the inside of the enclosure therefore towards the face "lower solar panels. The The enclosure is traversed by a flow of air coming from inside the greenhouse and heats up in contact with the solar panels.An electromechanical programmer tilts the panels in relation to the sun so that the average brightness inside of the greenhouse approaches as close as possible and remains constant around 200 Watts per m 2. Another electromechanical programmer controls the flow of air flowing through the enclosure and also controls a valve that redirects the flow of air coming out. the enclosure either towards the outside of the greenhouse or towards the inside of the greenhouse so as to maintain an ideal ambient temperature of 25 ° C.

AVANTAGES DE L'INVENTION ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION

En définitive l'invention répond bien aux buts fixés en permettant à un réseau de surfaces photovoltaïques de produire de l'énergie photovoltaïque et thermique, et de réguler la luminosité solaire qui traverse ledit réseau. D'autre part lorsque le dispositif est positionné sur une serre agricole, la lumière colorée non utilisée par les plantes, en général la couleur verte, est redirigée vers les panneaux solaires ce qui augmente leur rendement énergétique.  Ultimately, the invention responds well to the goals set by allowing a network of photovoltaic surfaces to produce photovoltaic and thermal energy, and to regulate the solar luminosity that passes through said network. On the other hand, when the device is positioned on a greenhouse, the colored light not used by the plants, usually the green color, is redirected to the solar panels which increases their energy efficiency.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS 1 - Dispositif comprenant une pluralité de surfaces photovoltaïques mobiles (9) dont les orientations sont commandées par un dispositif de programmation électromécanique (P), lesdites surfaces photovoltaïques (9) sont positionnées à l'intérieur d'une enceinte (4) transparente au rayonnement solaire (21,31), et produisent d'une part de l'énergie électrique et d'autre part un échauffement de l'air (13) contenu à l'intérieur de ladite enceinte transparente (4) grâce au contact de cet air (13) avec les surfaces photovoltaïques (11) qui s'échauffent sous l'effet de leurs expositions au rayonnement solaire (15,21,31), caractérisé en ce que ledit dispositif de programmation électromécanique (P) oriente lesdites surfaces photovoltaïques (9) par rapport à la position (2,3) et à la luminosité (21,31) du soleil de manière à ce que la luminosité globale qui traverse ladite enceinte transparente (4) soit la plus proche possible d'une constante au cours de la journée. 1 - Device comprising a plurality of mobile photovoltaic surfaces (9) whose orientations are controlled by an electromechanical programming device (P), said photovoltaic surfaces (9) are positioned inside a chamber (4) transparent to the radiation solar (21,31), and produce on the one hand electrical energy and on the other hand a heating of the air (13) contained inside said transparent enclosure (4) through the contact of this air (13) with the photovoltaic surfaces (11) which heat up under the effect of their solar radiation exposures (15,21,31), characterized in that said electromechanical programming device (P) orients said photovoltaic surfaces (9). ) with respect to the position (2,3) and brightness (21,31) of the sun so that the overall brightness passing through said transparent enclosure (4) is as close as possible to a constant during the day. 2 - Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite constante de luminosité globale qui traverse ladite enceinte transparente (4) est comprise entre 100 et 200 Watts par mètre carré.  2 - Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said overall brightness constant which passes through said transparent enclosure (4) is between 100 and 200 Watts per square meter. 3 - Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdites surfaces photovoltaïques (9) sont agencées en un réseau ordonné et sont soit mobiles autour d'un axe (10), soit sont aptes à se déplacer les unes par rapport aux autres suivant des plans parallèles.  3 - Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said photovoltaic surfaces (9) are arranged in an ordered network and are either movable about an axis (10), or are able to move some by report to others following parallel plans. 4 - Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdites surfaces photovoltaïques (9) sont planes ou courbes, de forme carrée, rectangulaires, circulaires ou hexagonales.  4 - Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said photovoltaic surfaces (9) are flat or curved, square, rectangular, circular or hexagonal. 5 - Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la partie inférieure de l'enceinte transparente est recouverte d'un filtre solaire ou d'un filtre solaire dichroïque (30) qui a la propriété de laisser passer une partie du spectre solaire (24,34) et qui réfléchit l'autre partie du spectre solaire (25).  5 - Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lower part of the transparent chamber is covered with a sunscreen or a dichroic solar filter (30) which has the property to let part of the solar spectrum (24,34) and which reflects the other part of the solar spectrum (25). 6 - Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que ledit filtre solaire dichroïque (30) est structuré optiquement en surface pour disperser les rayons réfléchis (25) et/ou contient des formes dépolies, pyramidales, courbes, paraboliques ou cylindro-paraboliques, dans tous ces cas de manière à favoriser la redirection du rayonnement solaire incident (21,31) vers les faces inférieures (12) des surfaces photovoltaïques (9). 6 - Device according to claim 5, characterized in that said dichroic solar filter (30) is structured optically on the surface to disperse the reflected rays (25) and / or contains frosted, pyramidal, curved, parabolic or cylindro-parabolic shapes, in all these cases so as to favor the redirection of the incident solar radiation (21,31) towards the lower faces (12) of the photovoltaic surfaces (9). 7 - Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdites surfaces photovoltaïques (9) sont actives sur leur face du dessus (11) et sur leur face du dessous (12) et que la performance énergétique de la face du dessous (12) est éventuellement adaptée aux longueurs d'ondes du spectre solaire qui est réfléchi (25) par ledit filtre dichroïque (30).  7 - Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said photovoltaic surfaces (9) are active on their upper face (11) and on their underside (12) and that the energy performance of the underside (12) is optionally adapted to the wavelengths of the solar spectrum which is reflected (25) by said dichroic filter (30). 8 - Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdites surfaces photovoltaïques (9) et ladite enceinte transparente (4) sont intégrées à une serre (1) agricole ou d'habitation de manière à réguler la luminosité reçue à l'intérieur (14) de ladite serre (1).  8 - Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said photovoltaic surfaces (9) and said transparent enclosure (4) are integrated in a greenhouse (1) agricultural or residential so as to regulate the brightness received at l interior (14) of said greenhouse (1). 9 - Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que ladite enceinte transparente (4) est parcourue par un flux d'air (13) qui circule au dessus et/ou au dessous desdites surfaces photovoltaïques (9) et qui ressort soit à l'air libre (7) pour évacuer les calories générées par lesdites surfaces, soit à l'intérieur (6) de ladite serre (1) de manière à réguler la température de son ambiance intérieure (14). 10 - Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que ladite serre (1) abrite une culture de micro-algues de type :  9 - Device according to claim 8, characterized in that said transparent enclosure (4) is traversed by a flow of air (13) flowing above and / or below said photovoltaic surfaces (9) and which emerges either at free air (7) to evacuate the calories generated by said surfaces, either inside (6) of said greenhouse (1) so as to regulate the temperature of its indoor environment (14). 10 - Device according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that said greenhouse (1) houses a culture of micro-algae type: Asterionella formosa, Ceratium furca, Ceratium furcoides, Ceratium fusus, Cryptomonas marssonii, Cysclotella meneghiniana, Dinobryon divergens, Porphyrium cruentum, Scenedesmus sp, Spiruline, Tychonema bourrelyi.  Asterionella formosa, Ceratium furca, Ceratium furcoides, Ceratium fusus, Cryptomonas marssonii, Cysclotella meneghiniana, Dinobryon divergens, Porphyrium cruentum, Scenedesmus sp, Spirulina, Tychonema bourrelyi.
PCT/FR2015/000080 2014-04-15 2015-04-14 Solar power production and sunlight filtering device suitable for agricultural greenhouses Ceased WO2015158968A1 (en)

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