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WO2015150000A1 - Procédé et système d'élimination de matières particulaires et de composés nocifs du gaz d'échappement - Google Patents

Procédé et système d'élimination de matières particulaires et de composés nocifs du gaz d'échappement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015150000A1
WO2015150000A1 PCT/EP2015/053982 EP2015053982W WO2015150000A1 WO 2015150000 A1 WO2015150000 A1 WO 2015150000A1 EP 2015053982 W EP2015053982 W EP 2015053982W WO 2015150000 A1 WO2015150000 A1 WO 2015150000A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
scr
particulate matter
active catalyst
oxidation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2015/053982
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Keld Johansen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Topsoe AS
Original Assignee
Haldor Topsoe AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Haldor Topsoe AS filed Critical Haldor Topsoe AS
Publication of WO2015150000A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015150000A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/0231—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using special exhaust apparatus upstream of the filter for producing nitrogen dioxide, e.g. for continuous filter regeneration systems [CRT]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0222—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being monolithic, e.g. honeycombs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
    • F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2370/00—Selection of materials for exhaust purification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • F01N2510/063—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction zeolites
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and system for reducing emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter present in the exhaust from a lean burning internal compression ignition engine.
  • NOx nitrogen oxides
  • the exhaust system of modern cars with lean burning engines is typically equipped with an oxidation catalyst, a partic ⁇ ulate filter and a catalyst for the selective reduction of NOx (SCR) in presence of a reduction agent.
  • SCR selective reduction of NOx
  • Oxidation catalysts being active in the oxidation of vola- tile organic compounds and carbon monoxide and SCR cata ⁇ lysts are known in the art and disclosed in numerous publications ⁇ cations .
  • DPF particulate filters
  • inlet channels are closed at their outlet side and the outlet channels are closed at their inlet side, so that the gas flowing into the filter is forced through porous walls defining the channels, whereby particulate matter is filtered off the gas .
  • DPF and SCR catalysts are combined sequentially in the exhaust system but such sequential system configura ⁇ tions have several drawbacks: 1) large volume; 2) insuffi ⁇ cient temperature for the SCR catalyst during cold start when DPF is placed in front of SCR; and 3) unfavorable con ⁇ ditions for passive filter regeneration (lower N02 and temperature) if SCR is placed upstream of the DPF.
  • the problems can potentially be solved by integrating the SCR catalyst into the particulate filter as one mul- 11— functional unit.
  • a major target for the development of SCR on DPF is to ob- taine a high NOx conversion close to the levels for flow- through SCR with an acceptable pressure drop.
  • Catalyst loading on traditional catalyzed filters, cDPF (catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter), is below 50 g/1, and the poros ⁇ ity of the used filters is normally in the range of 45-55%.
  • the SCR catalyst loading in the filter must be in the range of 90-170 g/1. To accommodate such high SCR catalyst loading with an acceptable pressure drop, higher porosity filter materials must be utilized.
  • particulate matter accumulated on the filter walls at inlet side of the filter must be removed either by active regen ⁇ eration, wherein particulate matter is catalytically burned off in contact with an oxidation catalyst supported on the filter walls in combination with oxygen in exhaust gas at increased exhaust gas temperatures or by non-catalytic pas ⁇ sive regeneration.
  • Passive filter regeneration is facilitated by oxidation of carbon at 250°C-450°C with N02 formed on an upstream DOC by the following reactions
  • the present invention seeks to improve passive filter re ⁇ generation in combination with removal of noxious compounds including nitrogen oxides from engine exhaust gas by means of an SCR catalysed diesel particulate filter.
  • a first aspect of the invention resides in a method for the removal of noxious compounds and particulate matter from exhaust gas of a compression ignition engine compris ⁇ ing in series the steps of
  • a catalyst being active in oxidation of volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and water and nitrogen oxide to nitrogen dioxide ;
  • a second aspect of the invention is a system for cleaning exhaust gas from a compression ignition engine comprising within an engine exhaust gas channel connected to the en ⁇ gine, comprising
  • an oxidation catalyst unit for the oxidation of volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and water and for the oxidation of a part of nitrogen oxide to nitrogen dioxide contained in the exhaust gas;
  • a wall flow particle filter comprising a plurality of ex ⁇ haust gas inlet flow channels and a plurality of exhaust gas outlet channels separated by gas permeable porous par- tition walls and a catalyst for selective reduction of ni ⁇ trogen oxides;
  • injection means for injection of ammonia or a precursor thereof characterized in that the catalyst for selective reduction of nitro- gen oxides is exclusively arranged on the plurality of ex ⁇ haust gas outlet channels and within the gas permeable po ⁇ rous partition walls of the wall flow particle filter.
  • the advantages of the method and system according to the invention are besides physical separation, a thermal decou ⁇ pling of the particulate matter and NOx reactions, as N02 is primarily needed for the fast SCR reaction in the temperature range of 180°C-280°C while N02 for passive partic ⁇ ulate matter combustion is needed in the range of 280°C- 450°C.
  • N02 will therefore be fully available for the needed NOx conversion, and the combustion of accumulated particulate matter can wait for the system to be heated up.
  • Suitable oxidation and SCR catalysts for use in the method and system of the invention are well known in the art.
  • vanadium-based catalyst formulations of the family V205/W03/Ti02 have shown high deNOx performance and durability. Copper and iron zeolites with the beta frame ⁇ work have been commercialized for some years and are cur- rently used as SCR catalyst for diesel exhaust clean-up.
  • Cu-zeolite types with the chabazite structure have a prom ⁇ ising combination of high-temperature stability and high low-temperature activity. Of those, Cu-SAPO-34 and Cu-SSZ- 13 SCR catalysts are preferred.
  • Oxidation catalysts forming nitrogen dioxide for use in the invention are platinum or mixtures of platinum and palladium. These metals are deposited on alumina and/or titania and or silica. Stabilisation with rare earth metal oxides can be beneficial.
  • the catalyst is applied by a single side coating proce- dure.
  • a washcoat containing the actual SCR catalyst is coated from the open outlet side of the filter outlet channels by e.g. pouring the washcoat slurry into the outlet channels from the open outlet side of the channels or dipping the outlet end of the filter in its fully length into a washcoat slurry.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

Système et procédé d'élimination de composés nocifs et de matières particulaires du gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à allumage par compression.
PCT/EP2015/053982 2014-04-04 2015-02-26 Procédé et système d'élimination de matières particulaires et de composés nocifs du gaz d'échappement Ceased WO2015150000A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DKPA201400190 2014-04-04
DKPA201400190 2014-04-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015150000A1 true WO2015150000A1 (fr) 2015-10-08

Family

ID=52577870

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2015/053982 Ceased WO2015150000A1 (fr) 2014-04-04 2015-02-26 Procédé et système d'élimination de matières particulaires et de composés nocifs du gaz d'échappement

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2015150000A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060179825A1 (en) * 2005-02-16 2006-08-17 Eaton Corporation Integrated NOx and PM reduction devices for the treatment of emissions from internal combustion engines
US20100180580A1 (en) * 2008-12-24 2010-07-22 Basf Catalysts Llc Emissions Treatment Systems and Methods With Catalyzed SCR Filter and Downstream SCR Catalyst
US20110113761A1 (en) * 2009-11-13 2011-05-19 Basf Corporation Wall Flow Filter Loaded With SCR Catalyst, Systems and Methods of Exhaust Gas Treatment
US20110162346A1 (en) * 2010-06-09 2011-07-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Progressive catalyst loading for integrated particulate filter and selective catalytic reduction unit

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060179825A1 (en) * 2005-02-16 2006-08-17 Eaton Corporation Integrated NOx and PM reduction devices for the treatment of emissions from internal combustion engines
US20100180580A1 (en) * 2008-12-24 2010-07-22 Basf Catalysts Llc Emissions Treatment Systems and Methods With Catalyzed SCR Filter and Downstream SCR Catalyst
US20110113761A1 (en) * 2009-11-13 2011-05-19 Basf Corporation Wall Flow Filter Loaded With SCR Catalyst, Systems and Methods of Exhaust Gas Treatment
US20110162346A1 (en) * 2010-06-09 2011-07-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Progressive catalyst loading for integrated particulate filter and selective catalytic reduction unit

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