WO2015147211A1 - フェライト系ステンレス圧延鋼板とその製造方法およびフランジ部品 - Google Patents
フェライト系ステンレス圧延鋼板とその製造方法およびフランジ部品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015147211A1 WO2015147211A1 PCT/JP2015/059470 JP2015059470W WO2015147211A1 WO 2015147211 A1 WO2015147211 A1 WO 2015147211A1 JP 2015059470 W JP2015059470 W JP 2015059470W WO 2015147211 A1 WO2015147211 A1 WO 2015147211A1
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L23/00—Flanged joints
- F16L23/02—Flanged joints the flanges being connected by members tensioned axially
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Definitions
- the present invention provides a ferritic stainless rolled steel material having a thickness of 5 mm or more, which prevents cracking during the production of the steel sheet, is excellent in corrosion resistance and toughness, and is particularly suitable as a flange material. Is.
- the exhaust gas path of automobiles consists of various parts such as exhaust manifold, muffler, catalyst, flexible tube, center pipe and front pipe.
- a fastening part called a flange is often used.
- flange joints are actively adopted because the working man-hours can be reduced and the working space can be narrowed. Further, from the viewpoint of ensuring noise and rigidity due to vibration, a thick flange of 5 mm or more is often used.
- the flange has been manufactured by processing such as press forming and punching on a normal steel plate.
- processing such as press forming and punching on a normal steel plate.
- rust called initial rust is generated after automobile production, which may impair the appearance.
- the use of stainless steel sheets as a material for flanges is being actively promoted instead of ordinary steel sheets.
- ferritic stainless steel sheets have a lower Ni content and are lower in cost than austenitic stainless steel sheets, ferritic stainless steel sheets are often mainly used for flanges, but they have a problem of poor toughness. If the toughness of the steel sheet is low, there arises a problem that the plate breaks when the steel strip is passed through the steel plate production line or when the steel strip is developed. In flange processing, cracks may occur during processing such as cutting and punching. Furthermore, when an impact is applied in a low-temperature environment in winter, there is a problem that the flange breaks and the automobile exhaust pipe is damaged. A thick ferritic stainless steel sheet having a thickness of 5 mm or more may have particularly low toughness, and thus has a problem of low reliability when used for manufacturing a flange.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose manufacturing conditions for mass-producing ferritic stainless steel hot rolled coils or hot rolled annealed coils having a thickness of 5 to 12 mm.
- Patent Document 1 is directed to a Ti-containing ferritic stainless steel, and shows a method in which a coiling temperature is set to 570 ° C. or higher and a coil is immersed in water in order to adjust the hardness and Charpy impact value.
- Patent Document 2 is directed to Nb-containing ferritic stainless steel.
- the hot rolling finish temperature is set to 890 ° C. or higher, and the coil is wound at 400 ° C. or lower, and the coil is immersed in water. How to do is shown.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 define hot rolling conditions from the viewpoint of improving the toughness of hot rolled sheets or hot rolled annealed steel sheets, but it is difficult to control the total coil length to the above conditions. At the same time, the metallographic factors for improving toughness were unclear.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a ferritic stainless steel excellent in cold cracking property in which the length of a sub-grain boundary having a small crystal phase difference in the ferrite phase is set to a certain level or more.
- This ferritic stainless steel can be obtained by a method in which the hot rolling finishing temperature is 800 to 1000 ° C., the winding temperature is over 650 ° C. to 800 ° C., and it is immersed in a water tank after winding.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a ferritic stainless steel sheet having excellent toughness that defines the proportion of grain boundary precipitates. The techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 3 and 4 attempt to improve the toughness by controlling the properties of the crystal grain boundaries and the precipitates on the crystal grain boundaries, but the toughness level is not necessarily satisfactory as a material for flanges. Was not realized.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the known technology and efficiently produce a ferritic stainless rolled steel material for flanges having excellent toughness.
- the present inventors have intensively studied on this point. That is, the present inventors have conducted detailed studies on the low temperature toughness of ferritic stainless steel sheets from the viewpoints of components, structure in the manufacturing process, and crystal orientation. As a result, it has been found that controlling the orientation of the crystal orientation of the matrix phase is extremely effective for improving the toughness of hot-rolled steel sheets or hot-rolled annealed steel sheets, especially for thick ferritic stainless steel sheets of 5 mm or more. did.
- the gist of the present invention for solving the above problems is as follows. (1) In mass%, C: 0.001 to 0.08%, Si: 0.01 to 1.0%, Mn: 0.01 to 1.0%, P: 0.01 to 0.05 %, S: 0.0002 to 0.01%, Cr: 10.0 to 25.0%, N: 0.001 to 0.05%, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, It is 5 mm or more, and the area ratio of crystal grains in which the ⁇ 011> direction in a cross section parallel to the rolling direction at an arbitrary position between the left and right ends of the steel sheet is within 15 ° from the rolling direction is 20% or more. Ferritic stainless rolled steel.
- the sum of the lengths of the low-inclination grain boundaries having a crystal orientation difference of less than 15 ° is the sum of the lengths of the crystal grain boundaries.
- the ferritic stainless steel rolled steel according to (1) characterized in that it is 10% or more.
- Molten steel is further mass%, Ti: 0.01 to 0.4%, Nb: 0.01 to 0.6%, B: 0.0002 to 0.0030%, Al: 0.005 to 0.3%, Ni: 0.1 to 1%, Mo: 0.1 to 2.0%, Cu: 0.1 to 3.0%, V: 0.05 to 1.0%, Mg: 0 0002-0.0030%, Sn: 0.01-0.3%, Sb: 0.01-0.3%, Zr: 0.01-0.1%, Ta: 0.01-0.1 %, Hf: 0.01 to 0.1%, W: 0.01 to 2.0%, Co: 0.01 to 0.2%, Ca: 0.0001 to 0.0030%, REM: 0.00.
- the method for producing a ferritic rolled stainless steel according to (4) comprising one or more of 001 to 0.05% and Ga: 0.0002 to 0.1%.
- (6) After hot rolling, heating to 800 to 1000 ° C. at a heating rate of 10 ° C./sec or more, annealing, and then cooling at a cooling rate of 10 ° C./sec or more (4) or ( 5) The manufacturing method of the ferritic stainless steel rolled steel described in 5).
- a ferritic stainless steel flange comprising the ferritic stainless rolled steel material according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein impact energy at ⁇ 20 ° C. is 125 J or more parts.
- the crystal grains in which the ⁇ 011> direction, which is the stable orientation of the crystal grains is within 15 ° from the rolling direction. It has been found that the toughness of the steel sheet is improved by forming 20% or more (hereinafter also referred to as “ ⁇ 011> orientation grain”) by area ratio.
- Fig. 1 shows ⁇ 011 of hot-rolled or hot-rolled annealed steel sheets of steels with different thicknesses (17% Cr-0.34% Nb-0.005% C-0.01% N) manufactured by various manufacturing methods. > The relationship between the orientation grain ratio and the Charpy impact value is shown.
- EBSP Electro Back-Sccetering Difraction Pattern
- the ⁇ 011> direction per unit area of the cross section was measured within 15 ° from the rolling direction, and the area ratio of crystal grains (hereinafter also referred to as “ ⁇ 011> orientation grain ratio”) was measured. Further, the Charpy impact value was measured at 0 ° C. in accordance with JISZ2242 by taking a V-notch specimen (providing a V-notch in the width direction) from a hot-rolled annealed steel sheet.
- the Charpy impact value is improved and the toughness is improved.
- good toughness means that the impact value at 0 ° C. has an impact value of 7 J / cm 2 or more, and no brittle cracking occurs when the hot-rolled coil is deployed and threaded.
- the cleavage plane of ferritic steel is the ⁇ 100 ⁇ plane, and it is known that brittle cracks occur along this plane.
- ⁇ 011> oriented grains develop, the angle between the crack propagation direction and the cleavage plane increases. Therefore, it is considered that the resistance to cleavage fracture increases and the toughness value is improved.
- the ratio of the sum of the lengths of the low-angle grain boundaries whose crystal orientation difference is less than 15 ° with respect to the sum of the lengths of the crystal grain boundaries affects the toughness.
- This feature is an important microstructure for improving toughness together with the aforementioned ⁇ 011> orientation grain ratio.
- dislocations introduced by processing undergo rearrangement during recovery of the transition and recrystallization of the material, and in the recovery stage, small-angle grains having a crystal orientation difference of less than 15 °.
- Crystal grains surrounded by boundaries hereinafter referred to as “subgrains” are formed, and coarse crystal grains surrounded by large-angle boundaries of 15 ° or more are formed in the recrystallization process.
- the recrystallization heat treatment increases the ratio of high-angle grain boundaries and reduces the low-angle grain boundaries, but the large-angle grain boundaries move and grow remarkably fast, resulting in a decrease in toughness due to grain coarsening.
- the subgrains are formed so that the sum of the lengths of the low-angle grain boundaries is 10% or more of the total length of the crystal grain boundaries in the cross section, thereby moving and growing the grain boundaries. It was found that it acts effectively as a resistance to brittle fracture. That is, the ⁇ 011> orientation grain ratio is 20% or more, and further, the subgrain is such that the total length of the small-angle grain boundaries is 10% or more of the total length of the crystal grain boundaries in the cross section. It was found that the Charpy impact value at 0 ° C. can be improved to 11 J / cm 2 or more by forming. By improving the Charpy impact value at 0 ° C. to 11 J / cm 2 or more, it is possible to ensure toughness that does not cause cracking during flange processing.
- the ratio of the length of the low-inclination grain boundary of less than 15 ° to the total grain boundary length in the cross section can be measured by the EBSP orientation analysis, and the measurement of the ⁇ 011> orientation grain ratio It can be measured by a method similar to the method.
- the measurement of the ⁇ 011> orientation grain ratio and the length ratio of the small-angle grain boundary less than 15 °, which is performed using EBSP is performed at any location between the left and right ends of the hot-rolled steel sheet or hot-rolled annealed steel sheet. It is desirable to carry out over a cross section of a total thickness of 1.0 mm parallel to the rolling direction. Further, if considering the ductility of the steel sheet, 20% or more is desirable.
- % Of component content means the mass%.
- Si may be added as a deoxidizing element, and also improves oxidation resistance. However, since it is a solid solution strengthening element, it is better as it is smaller in terms of toughness. Further, when the Si content exceeds 1.0%, the development of ⁇ 011> oriented grains is suppressed due to the change of the slip system, so the upper limit was made 1.0%. On the other hand, in order to ensure oxidation resistance, the lower limit was made 0.01%. However, excessive reduction of the Si content leads to an increase in refining costs, so 0.05% or more and 0.9% or less are desirable in consideration of the material and initial rust resistance.
- Mn like Si
- MnS precipitates
- ⁇ 011> oriented grains the upper limit of Mn content
- the lower limit was made 0.01%.
- 0.1% to 0.5% is desirable.
- P is a solid solution strengthening element like Mn and Si and hardens the material. Therefore, the smaller the content, the better from the viewpoint of toughness. Further, when the P content is more than 0.05%, randomization of crystal orientation occurs due to the formation of phosphide, and the development of ⁇ 011> orientation grains is suppressed. %. However, excessive reduction leads to an increase in raw material cost, so the lower limit was made 0.01%. Furthermore, considering the manufacturing cost and corrosion resistance, 0.015% or more and 0.03% or less are desirable.
- the S content is preferably 0.0010% or more and 0.0060% or less.
- Cr is an element that improves corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, and considering the salt damage required for the flange, 10.0% or more is necessary. On the other hand, excessive addition of Cr becomes hard and deteriorates formability and toughness. Further, when the Cr content exceeds 25.0%, randomization of crystal orientation occurs due to the formation of precipitates such as coarse Cr carbide and nitride, and the development of ⁇ 011> orientation grains is suppressed. Therefore, the upper limit was made 25.0%. In addition, when considering the plate cost at the time of manufacturing due to the manufacturing cost and toughness deterioration, 10.0% or more and 18.0% or less are desirable.
- N like C
- the N content exceeds 0.05%, randomization of crystal orientation occurs due to the formation of nitride, and the development of ⁇ 011> orientation grains is suppressed, so the upper limit is 0.05%. did.
- excessive reduction of the N content leads to an increase in refining costs, so the lower limit was made 0.001%.
- 0.005 to 0.02% is desirable.
- the present invention preferably contains the following elements selectively.
- Ti is an element that is added as necessary to combine with C, N, and S to improve corrosion resistance, intergranular corrosion resistance, and toughness. Since the C and N fixing action starts from 0.01%, the lower limit was made 0.01%. Further, addition of Ti exceeding 0.4% hardens, coarse Ti (C, N) compound precipitates and remarkably deteriorates toughness, and also suppresses the development of ⁇ 011> oriented grains. The upper limit of the content was set to 0.4%. Furthermore, considering the manufacturing cost, 0.05% or more and 0.25% or less are desirable.
- Nb is added as necessary to combine with C and N in the same way as Ti to improve corrosion resistance, intergranular corrosion resistance, and toughness. Since this effect is manifested when the Nb content is 0.01% or more, the lower limit was made 0.01%. However, when Nb is added excessively, the steel sheet is hardened and the formability of the steel sheet is deteriorated, and depending on the coarse Nb (C, N) compound and thermal history, (Fe, Nb) 6 C and Fe 2 Nb are precipitated. In addition to remarkably degrading the toughness of the steel sheet, the upper limit was made 0.6% in order to suppress the development of ⁇ 011> oriented grains. In consideration of raw material costs and crevice corrosion, 0.1% or more and 0.45% or less are desirable.
- B is an element that improves the secondary workability of the product by segregating at the grain boundaries, and is added as necessary to improve the punchability of the flange. This effect is manifested when the B content is 0.0002% or more, so the lower limit of the B content is set to 0.0002%. However, the upper limit was made 0.0030% in order to suppress the development of ⁇ 011> orientation grains in addition to the precipitation of borides due to the excessive addition of B to deteriorate the toughness of the steel sheet. Furthermore, considering cost and ductility reduction, 0.0003% or more and 0.0010% or less are desirable.
- Al may be added as a deoxidizing element, and its action is manifested from an Al content of 0.005% or more, so the lower limit was made 0.005%. Further, addition of 0.3% or more of Al causes a reduction in the toughness of the steel sheet, deterioration of weldability and surface quality, and suppresses the development of ⁇ 011> oriented grains, so the upper limit is 0.3%. It was. Furthermore, if considering the refining cost, 0.01% or more and 0.1% or less are desirable.
- Ni is added as necessary to improve the initial rust resistance by suppressing crevice corrosion and promoting repassivation. Since this effect appears when the Ni content is 0.1% or more, the lower limit was made 0.1%. However, excessive addition hardens and deteriorates moldability, suppresses the development of ⁇ 011> oriented grains, and tends to cause stress corrosion cracking, so the upper limit was made 1%. In consideration of the raw material cost, 0.1% to 0.5% is desirable.
- Mo is an element that improves corrosion resistance and high-temperature strength, and is an element necessary for suppressing crevice corrosion particularly when the flange component has a crevice structure. This effect appears when the Mo content is 0.1% or more, so the lower limit was made 0.1%. Further, if the Mo content exceeds 2.0%, the formability is remarkably deteriorated, the toughness deterioration during production, and the development of ⁇ 011> orientation grains are suppressed, so the upper limit was made 2.0%. Furthermore, if considering the manufacturing cost, 0.1% or more and 1.2% or less are desirable.
- Cu is added as necessary to improve crevice corrosion and promote repassivation in addition to improving high-temperature strength. This effect appears when the Cu content is 0.1% or more, so the lower limit was made 0.1%. However, excessive addition hardens the steel sheet by ⁇ -Cu precipitation to deteriorate the formability and toughness of the steel sheet, and suppresses the development of ⁇ 011> oriented grains, so the upper limit was made 3.0%. In consideration of pickling properties at the time of manufacture, it is preferably 0.1% or more and 1.2% or less.
- V suppresses crevice corrosion and contributes to improvement of toughness by adding a small amount as required. Since this effect is manifested from a V content of 0.05% or more, the lower limit was made 0.05%. However, excessive addition of V hardens the steel sheet and deteriorates the formability of the steel sheet, and also reduces the toughness of the steel sheet due to precipitation of coarse V (C, N) compounds and suppresses the development of ⁇ 011> orientation grains. Therefore, the upper limit is set to 1.0%. In consideration of raw material cost and initial rusting property, 0.07% or more and 0.2% or less are desirable.
- Mg is an element that may be added as a deoxidizing element and that contributes to improving the formability by refining the slab structure. Moreover, Mg oxide becomes a precipitation site of carbonitrides such as Ti (C, N) compounds and Nb (C, N) compounds, and has an effect of finely dispersing and depositing them. This effect is manifested with a V content of 0.0002% or more, and contributes to the improvement of toughness, so the lower limit was made 0.0002%. However, excessive addition leads to deterioration of weldability and corrosion resistance, and also leads to suppression of ⁇ 011> orientation grains by forming coarse precipitates, so the upper limit was made 0.0030%. Considering the refining cost, 0.0003% or more and 0.0010% or less is desirable.
- Sn and Sb contribute to improvement of corrosion resistance and high temperature strength, so 0.01% or more is added as necessary.
- slab cracking may occur during the production of the steel sheet, and the upper limit is made 0.3% in order to suppress the development of ⁇ 011> oriented grains.
- 0.01% or more and 0.15% or less are desirable.
- Zr, Ta, and Hf are combined with C and N to contribute to improvement of toughness, and are added in an amount of 0.01% or more as necessary.
- the addition of more than 0.1% increases the cost, and the productivity is remarkably deteriorated and the development of ⁇ 011> oriented grains is suppressed, so the upper limit is made 0.1%.
- 0.01% or more and 0.08% or less are desirable.
- W contributes to improvement of corrosion resistance and high temperature strength, so 0.01% or more is added as necessary. Addition of more than 2.0% leads to toughness deterioration during steel plate production, suppression of ⁇ 011> orientation grain growth and cost increase, so the upper limit is made 2.0%. Furthermore, if refining costs and manufacturability are taken into consideration, 0.01% to 1.0% is desirable.
- Co contributes to improving high temperature strength, so 0.01% or more is added as necessary. Addition of more than 0.2% leads to toughness deterioration during steel plate production, suppression of ⁇ 011> orientation grain growth, and cost increase, so the upper limit is made 0.2%. Furthermore, considering refining cost and manufacturability, 0.01% or more and 0.1% or less are desirable.
- Ca may be added for desulfurization, and this effect is manifested when the Ca content is 0.0001% or more, so the lower limit was made 0.0001%.
- the addition of over 0.0030% produces coarse CaS, which deteriorates toughness and corrosion resistance and suppresses the development of ⁇ 011> oriented grains, so the upper limit was made 0.0030%.
- 0.0003 to 0.0020% is desirable.
- REM rare earth element
- Sc scandium
- Y yttrium
- lanthanoid lanthanum
- Lu lutetium
- Ga may be added at 0.1% or less for improving corrosion resistance and suppressing hydrogen embrittlement.
- the lower limit of the Ga content is 0.0002%.
- it is 0.0010% or more.
- 0.0040% or less is preferable from the viewpoint of manufacturability and cost and from the viewpoint of the development of ⁇ 011> oriented grains.
- Bi or the like may be added in an amount of 0.001% to 0.1% as necessary. Note that it is preferable to reduce general harmful elements and impurity elements such as As and Pb as much as possible.
- the rolled steel material of the present invention is produced by a steelmaking-hot rolling, steelmaking-hot rolling-pickling or steelmaking-hot rolling-annealing-pickling process.
- steelmaking a method in which the steel containing the above essential components and components added as necessary is subjected to furnace melting followed by secondary refining.
- the molten steel is made into a slab according to a known casting method (continuous casting).
- the slab is heated to a predetermined temperature and hot-rolled to a predetermined plate thickness by continuous rolling.
- a finishing temperature and a winding temperature in hot rolling are defined.
- the higher the finishing temperature of hot rolling the more the processing strain of the ferrite phase is removed after finishing rolling and the recovery of the structure is promoted, and the subgrain is set so that its ⁇ 011> direction is within 15 ° from the rolling direction. Is formed, and the toughness of the steel sheet is improved.
- the finishing temperature is less than 800 ° C.
- crystal grains having orientations other than ⁇ 011> orientation grains ( ⁇ 001> orientation etc.) are generated and developed due to hot rolling shear strain.
- the finishing temperature is set to 800 ° C. or higher.
- the upper limit of the finishing temperature is set to 900 ° C. Further, considering the surface defects, 810 to 880 ° C. is desirable.
- the winding process is performed at 500 ° C. or less.
- the upper limit temperature of the winding process is 500 ° C. .
- the upper limit needs to be 500 ° C.
- the lower limit of the temperature of the winding process is 200 ° C.
- the winding process is desirably performed at 300 ° C. or higher and 450 ° C. or lower.
- the hot-rolled sheet thickness is 5 mm or more, which is frequently used as a flange.
- the toughness is extremely lowered, so that it is desirably 5 mm or more and 20 mm or less.
- 6 mm or more and 15 mm or less are desirable.
- the annealing conditions are specified when passing through the annealing-pickling process after hot rolling. As the annealing temperature is raised, recovery and recrystallization proceed, and ⁇ 011> oriented grains are reduced. In order to suppress this effect, heating is performed at 800 to 1000 ° C. If the annealing temperature is less than 800 ° C., the processed structure during the hot rolling process remains and the recovery does not proceed sufficiently, and the steel sheet becomes hard, resulting in poor toughness of the steel sheet. Further, if the annealing temperature exceeds 1000 ° C., grain growth after completion of recrystallization proceeds remarkably, and randomization of crystal orientation progresses and ⁇ 011> orientation grains decrease, so that the toughness of the steel sheet deteriorates remarkably. Further, it is desirable to anneal at 850 to 950 ° C. from the viewpoint of solid solution of precipitates, suppression of coarsening of crystal grains, and residual ⁇ 011> orientation grains.
- the heating rate is set to 10 ° C./sec or more.
- the heating rate is slower than this, recrystallization proceeds to cause disappearance of subgrains and coarsening of crystal grains, and ⁇ 011> orientation grains are reduced to deteriorate the toughness of the steel sheet.
- the reason why the ⁇ 011> orientation grains are reduced when the heating rate is less than 10 ° C./sec is that the other-order grains are generated during heating, and the ⁇ 011> -oriented grains are eroded as the other positions develop. Is the cause. In particular, ⁇ 112> and ⁇ 100> oriented grains develop, making it difficult to make the existing ratio of ⁇ 011> oriented grains 20% or more.
- the cooling rate is 10 ° C./sec or more, but this is to suppress the formation of precipitates that cause toughness deterioration during the cooling process.
- the cooling rate is less than 10 ° C./sec, the crystal orientation changes in the cooling process and the ⁇ 011> orientation grain ratio decreases.
- the heating rate is 15 ° C./sec or more and the cooling rate is 15 ° C./sec or more.
- the cooling rate is less than 50 ° C./sec in consideration of the surface quality, the shape of the steel plate and the manufacturing cost.
- the ferritic stainless rolled steel having the components of the present invention and manufactured by the hot rolling step constitutes the hot rolled steel sheet or hot rolled steel strip of the present invention.
- the ferritic stainless rolled steel material having the components of the present invention and subjected to the annealing step after the hot rolling constitutes the hot rolled annealed steel sheet or hot rolled annealed steel strip of the present invention.
- Each of the hot-rolled steel sheet or hot-rolled steel strip of the present invention or the hot-rolled annealed steel sheet or hot-rolled annealed steel strip of the present invention has a Charpy impact value of 11 J / cm measured at 0 ° C. according to JISZ2242. It is 2 or more, and toughness that does not cause cracking during flange processing can be ensured.
- the flange parts manufactured from the ferritic stainless steel rolled steel of the present invention are not cracked by applying an impact energy of 125 J or less at ⁇ 20 ° C., and have low temperature toughness. Excellent.
- Molten steel having the composition shown in Tables 1-1 and 1-2 was melted and cast into slabs, and the slabs were hot-rolled to a thickness of 5 mm or more to produce hot-rolled coils.
- the hot rolled coil was manufactured by controlling the hot rolling finishing temperature to 810 to 880 ° C. and the winding temperature to 300 to 450 ° C. Thereafter, as shown in Table 1-1 and Table 1-2, coils subjected to an annealing process were also manufactured.
- the annealing temperature was 850 to 950 ° C.
- the heating rate and the cooling rate were both 15 ° C./sec.
- Crystal orientation evaluation samples and Charpy impact test pieces were collected from these hot-rolled sheets or hot-rolled annealed steel sheets. Between the left and right ends of the hot-rolled steel plate or hot-rolled annealed steel plate, a cross section with a total thickness of 1.0 mm parallel to the rolling direction is exposed as a sample, and the exposed cross section is crystallized using EBSP. The orientation for each grain was measured, and the area ratio ( ⁇ 011> orientation grain ratio) (area%) of crystal grains whose ⁇ 011> direction was within 15 ° from the rolling direction was measured.
- the ratio of the low-angle grain boundaries less than 15 ° means the sum of the lengths of the low-angle grain boundaries having a crystal orientation difference of less than 15 ° in the cross section in which the ⁇ 011> orientation grain ratio is measured; It is a ratio with the sum total of the length of the crystal grain boundary in the said cross section.
- Invention Examples A1 to A20 are hot-rolled sheets or hot-rolled annealed steel sheets that have the components of the present invention and are manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention.
- the ⁇ 011> orientation grain ratio is 20% or more
- the ratio of low-angle grain boundaries of less than 15 ° is 10% or more
- the impact value at 0 ° C. is 11 J / cm. It was 2 or more. If the steel has an impact value at 0 ° C. of 7 J / cm 2 or more, brittle cracking does not occur when the hot-rolled coil is deployed and passed, so the ferritic stainless rolled steel sheet of the present invention is sufficient. It turns out that it has toughness.
- Comparative Examples B1 to B26 are hot-rolled sheets or hot-rolled annealed steel sheets whose components are outside the scope of the present invention.
- the ⁇ 011> orientation grain ratio is less than 20%
- the ratio of low-angle grain boundaries of less than 15 ° is less than 10%
- the impact value at 0 ° C. reaches 7 J / cm 2 . There were many examples that did not.
- the evaluation result of the coil manufactured by changing the hot rolling conditions and the annealing conditions as shown in Table 3 for the steel having the components of the present invention is shown.
- the steel plates of Invention Examples C1 to C24 in Table 3 are produced according to the production conditions of the present invention and have good toughness.
- the ⁇ 011> orientation grain ratio is less than 20%, and the ratio of the low-angle grain boundaries less than 15 ° is 10%.
- the impact value at 0 ° C. did not reach 7 J / cm 2 .
- flange parts 1 having symmetrical shapes as shown in FIG. 2 were manufactured.
- the flange part 1 is provided with a hole 11 having an inner diameter of 55 mm in the center and holes 12 through which fixing brackets such as bolts are passed to the left and right of the hole 11.
- Thin edges 11 a and 11 b are formed vertically symmetrical with respect to the center of the hole 11.
- the ratio of the inner diameter of the hole 11 to the minor axis of the ellipse 5 circumscribing the flange part is 0.65, and the ratio of the wall thickness of the edges 11a and 11b to the minor axis of the ellipse 5 is Is also 0.18.
- a low temperature drop test was performed on the flange part 1 using a low temperature drop test 2 shown in FIG.
- the low temperature drop test was performed using a drop test apparatus 2.
- the flange part 1 was fixed upright on the solid base 4 so that the thinnest portions 11a and 11b of the flange part 1 cooled to ⁇ 20 ° C. became the upper end and the lower end.
- a weight 3 having a weight of 16 kg was freely dropped from a height of 80 cm onto the side surface of the thin portion 11a, and the presence or absence of cracking of the flange part 1 was visually observed.
- the energy applied to the flange part is 125J.
- the method of cooling the flange part to ⁇ 20 ° C. was performed by adjusting the temperature with a thermo-hygrostat or alcohol and liquid nitrogen, holding at ⁇ 20 ° C. for 10 minutes, and then applying an impact.
- the hot rolling facility may be a continuous tandem mill or a reverse mill, and a Steckel mill having a heat retaining device during rolling may be used.
- slab thickness, hot-rolled sheet thickness, etc. suitably. It may be immersed in a water-cooled pool after hot rolling.
- mechanical descaling methods such as shot blasting, bending, and brush may be selected as appropriate, and the existing conditions such as sulfuric acid and nitric hydrofluoric acid may be used for the acid solution.
- various surface treatments such as coil grinding, shot blasting, painting and plating may be performed.
- the ferritic stainless steel rolled steel of the present invention is excellent in manufacturability, and toughness is ensured during flange production and use. That is, by using the material to which the present invention is applied, particularly as an automobile or a motorcycle part, it is possible to ensure reliability and increase the social contribution, which is extremely useful industrially.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献1および2に開示された技術は、熱延板あるいは熱延焼鈍鋼板板の靭性向上の観点から熱延条件を規定しているが、コイル全長を上記条件に制御するのは困難であるとともに、靭性向上のための金属組織的な要因が不明確であった。
特許文献3および4に開示された技術は、結晶粒界の性格や結晶粒界上の析出物の制御によって、その靭性の向上を図っているが、必ずしもフランジ用の素材として満足のいく靭性レベルを実現していなかった。
(1)質量%にて、C:0.001~0.08%、Si:0.01~1.0%、Mn:0.01~1.0%、P:0.01~0.05%、S:0.0002~0.01%、Cr:10.0~25.0%、N:0.001~0.05%含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物であり、板厚が5mm以上であり、鋼板の左右両端の間の任意の箇所における圧延方向に平行な断面における<011>方向が圧延方向から15°以内にある結晶粒の面積率が20%以上であることを特徴とするフェライト系ステンレス圧延鋼材。
(2)鋼板の左右両端の間の任意の箇所における圧延方向に平行な断面において、結晶方位差が15°未満の小傾角粒界の長さの総和が、結晶粒界の長さの総和に対して10%以上であることを特徴とする(1)記載のフェライト系ステンレス圧延鋼材。
(3)さらに質量%にて、Ti:0.01~0.4%、Nb:0.01~0.6%、B:0.0002~0.0030%、Al:0.005~0.3%、Ni:0.1~1%、Mo:0.1~2.0%、Cu:0.1~3.0%、V:0.05~1.0%、Mg:0.0002~0.0030%、Sn:0.01~0.3%、Sb:0.01~0.3%、Zr:0.01~0.1%、Ta:0.01~0.1%、Hf:0.01~0.1%、W:0.01~2.0%、Co:0.01~0.2%、Ca:0.0001~0.0030%、REM:0.001~0.05%、Ga:0.0002~0.1%の1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする(1)または(2)記載のフェライト系ステンレス圧延鋼材。
(4)質量%にて、C:0.001~0.08%、Si:0.01~1.0%、Mn:0.01~1.0%、P:0.01~0.05%、S:0.0002~0.01%、Cr:10.0~25.0%、N:0.001~0.05%含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物である溶鋼を溶製し、熱延仕上温度を800℃~900℃とする熱間圧延工程を行い、500℃以下の巻取温度にて巻取工程を行うことを特徴とするフェライト系ステンレス圧延鋼材の製造方法。
(5)溶鋼がさらに質量%にて、Ti:0.01~0.4%、Nb:0.01~0.6%、B:0.0002~0.0030%、Al:0.005~0.3%、Ni:0.1~1%、Mo:0.1~2.0%、Cu:0.1~3.0%、V:0.05~1.0%、Mg:0.0002~0.0030%、Sn:0.01~0.3%、Sb:0.01~0.3%、Zr:0.01~0.1%、Ta:0.01~0.1%、Hf:0.01~0.1%、W:0.01~2.0%、Co:0.01~0.2%、Ca:0.0001~0.0030%、REM:0.001~0.05%、Ga:0.0002~0.1%の1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする(4)記載のフェライト系ステンレス圧延鋼材の製造方法。
(6)熱間圧延後に、10℃/sec以上の加熱速度で800~1000℃に加熱後、焼鈍し、次いで10℃/sec以上の冷却速度で冷却することを特徴とする(4)又は(5)記載のフェライト系ステンレス圧延鋼材の製造方法。
(7)フランジ部品として用いることを特徴とする(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載のフェライト系ステンレス圧延鋼材。
(8)(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載のフェライト系ステンレス圧延鋼材からなるフランジ部品であって、-20℃における衝撃エネルギーが125J以上であることを特徴とするフェライト系ステンレス鋼フランジ部品。
結晶粒微細化、析出物の微細化ならびに軟質化は靭性向上に寄与するが、多くの添加元素を必要としており、厚さが5mm以上の厚手のフェライト系ステンレス熱延板あるいは熱延焼鈍鋼板をフランジの製造に用いるための十分な靭性を確保することは困難であった。
一般的に、加工(例えば熱間加工)により導入された転位は、当該転移の回復及び材料の再結晶過程で再配列が生じ、前記回復段階では、結晶方位差が15°未満の小傾角粒界で囲まれた結晶粒(以下、「サブグレイン」という。)を形成し、前記再結晶過程で15°以上の大傾角粒界で囲まれた粗大な結晶粒が形成される。通常は、再結晶熱処理により大傾角粒界の比率が増加して小傾角粒界は低減するが、大傾角粒界は移動及び成長が著しく速いため、結晶粒粗大化による靭性低下が生じる。
更に、製造コストと耐食性を考慮すると0.015%以上0.03%以下が望ましい。
本発明の圧延鋼材は、製鋼-熱間圧延、製鋼-熱間圧延-酸洗あるいは製鋼-熱間圧延-焼鈍-酸洗の工程によって製造される。製鋼においては、前記必須成分および必要に応じて添加される成分を含有する鋼を、転炉溶製し続いて2次精錬を行う方法が好適である。溶製した溶鋼は、公知の鋳造方法(連続鋳造)に従ってスラブとする。スラブは、所定の温度に加熱され、所定の板厚に連続圧延で熱間圧延される。
熱間圧延の仕上温度が高温になる程、仕上圧延後にフェライト相の加工歪が除去されるとともに組織回復が促進し、その<011>方向が圧延方向から15°以内になるように前記サブグレインが形成され、鋼板の靭性が向上する。一方、仕上温度が800℃未満では、<011>方位粒以外の方位(<001>方位等)を有する結晶粒が、熱延せん断歪に起因して生成して発達してしまう。仕上温度を800℃以上にすることにより、他方位の結晶粒の生成及び発達を抑制し、前記サブグレインとしての<011>方位粒が、全板厚の断面に対する面積率換算で20%以上になるように生成できることから、仕上温度を800℃以上とする。しかしながら、仕上温度の過度な高温化は<011>方位粒の生成が抑制される他、酸洗性の低下につながることから、仕上温度の上限を900℃とする。更に、表面疵を考慮すると810~880℃が望ましい。
500℃超の高温で巻取工程を行うと、靭性低下をもたらす析出物が生成し、475℃脆性が発現して鋼帯が低靭化するため、巻取工程の上限温度を500℃とする。また、仕上温度800℃以上で施された仕上圧延時に形成された前記サブグレインとしての<011>方位粒の結晶方位回転を抑制し、また再結晶組織にしないために、巻取工程の温度の上限を500℃とする必要がある。しかしながら、過度な低温化はコイル形状が不良になることから、巻取工程の温度の下限を200℃とする。更に、形状安定性、酸洗性を考慮すると、巻取工程は、300℃以上450℃以下で行うことが望ましい。尚、熱延板厚はフランジとして多用される5mm以上とするが、過度に厚手化すると靭性が極端に低下するため、望ましくは5mm以上20mm以下が望ましい。さらに6mm以上15mm以下が望ましい。
焼鈍温度の高温化に伴い回復・再結晶が進み、<011>方位粒が低減する。この作用を抑制するために、800~1000℃に加熱する。焼鈍温度が800℃未満では、熱延工程時の加工組織が残留して回復が十分進まず、鋼板が硬質になるため、鋼板の靭性が不良となる。また、焼鈍温度が1000℃超では再結晶完了後の粒成長が顕著に進行するとともに、結晶方位のランダム化が進み<011>方位粒が低減するため、鋼板の靭性が著しく劣化する。また、析出物の固溶化、結晶粒の粗大化抑制および<011>方位粒の残留の観点から、850~950℃にて焼鈍することが望ましい。
これに対して、比較例B1~B26はいずれかの成分が本発明範囲外の熱延板あるいは熱延焼鈍鋼板である。比較例B1~B26は、<011>方位粒比率が20%未満であり、15°未満の小傾角粒界の比率が10%未満であり、0℃での衝撃値が7J/cm2に達しない例が多かった。
尚、前記フランジ部品に外接する楕円5の短径に対する前記穴11の内径の比率は、0.65であり、前記楕円5の短径に対する前記縁部11a及び11bの肉厚の比率は、いずれも0.18である。
これに対して、本発明範囲外の製造条件で製造された熱延板あるいは熱延焼鈍板である比較例D1~D6は、前記衝撃エネルギーにより割れが生じており、十分な靱性を有していない。
2 落重試験装置
3 錘
4 固定台
11 穴
11a、11b 縁部
5 外接楕円
Claims (8)
- 質量%にて、C:0.001~0.08%、Si:0.01~1.0%、Mn:0.01~1.0%、P:0.01~0.05%、S:0.0002~0.01%、Cr:10.0~25.0%、N:0.001~0.05%含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物であり、
板厚が5mm以上であり、鋼板の左右両端の間の任意の箇所における圧延方向に平行な断面における<011>方向が圧延方向から15°以内にある結晶粒の面積率が20%以上であることを特徴とするフェライト系ステンレス圧延鋼材。 - 鋼板の左右両端の間の任意の箇所における圧延方向に平行な断面において、結晶方位差が15°未満の小傾角粒界の長さの総和が、結晶粒界の長さの総和に対して10%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のフェライト系ステンレス圧延鋼材。
- さらに質量%にて、Ti:0.01~0.4%、Nb:0.01~0.6%、B:0.0002~0.0030%、Al:0.005~0.3%、Ni:0.1~1%、Mo:0.1~2.0%、Cu:0.1~3.0%、V:0.05~1.0%、Mg:0.0002~0.0030%、Sn:0.01~0.3%、Sb:0.01~0.3%、Zr:0.01~0.1%、Ta:0.01~0.1%、Hf:0.01~0.1%、W:0.01~2.0%、Co:0.01~0.2%、Ca:0.0001~0.0030%、REM:0.001~0.05%、Ga:0.0002~0.1%の1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のフェライト系ステンレス圧延鋼材。
- 質量%にて、C:0.001~0.08%、Si:0.01~1.0%、Mn:0.01~1.0%、P:0.01~0.05%、S:0.0002~0.01%、Cr:10.0~25.0%、N:0.001~0.05%含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物である溶鋼を溶製し、
熱延仕上温度を800℃~900℃とする熱間圧延工程を行い、
500℃以下の巻取温度にて巻取工程を行うことを特徴とするフェライト系ステンレス圧延鋼材の製造方法。 - 溶鋼がさらに質量%にて、Ti:0.01~0.4%、Nb:0.01~0.6%、B:0.0002~0.0030%、Al:0.005~0.3%、Ni:0.1~1%、Mo:0.1~2.0%、Cu:0.1~3.0%、V:0.05~1.0%、Mg:0.0002~0.0030%、Sn:0.01~0.3%、Sb:0.01~0.3%、Zr:0.01~0.1%、Ta:0.01~0.1%、Hf:0.01~0.1%、W:0.01~2.0%、Co:0.01~0.2%、Ca:0.0001~0.0030%、REM:0.001~0.05%、Ga:0.0002~0.1%の1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項4に記載のフェライト系ステンレス圧延鋼材の製造方法。
- 熱間圧延後に、10℃/sec以上の加熱速度で800℃~1000℃に加熱後、焼鈍し、次いで10℃/sec以上の冷却速度で冷却することを特徴とする請求項4又は5に記載のフェライト系ステンレス圧延鋼材の製造方法。
- フランジ部品として用いることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のフェライト系ステンレス圧延鋼材。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のフェライト系ステンレス圧延鋼材からなるフランジ部品であって、-20℃における衝撃エネルギーが125J以上であることを特徴とするフェライト系ステンレス鋼フランジ部品。
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| JP2019173075A (ja) * | 2018-03-27 | 2019-10-10 | 日鉄ステンレス株式会社 | フェライト系ステンレス鋼板およびその製造方法、ならびに燃料電池用部材 |
| US11667986B2 (en) | 2018-03-27 | 2023-06-06 | Nippon Steel Stainless Steel Corporation | Ferritic stainless steel and method for manufacturing same, ferritic stainless steel sheet and method for manufacturing same, and fuel cell member |
| CN115976312A (zh) * | 2022-12-28 | 2023-04-18 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 | 一种铁素体不锈钢00Cr17及其加热方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20200232062A1 (en) | 2020-07-23 |
| JP2015187290A (ja) | 2015-10-29 |
| MX391950B (es) | 2025-03-21 |
| EP3124635A4 (en) | 2017-09-06 |
| EP3124635A1 (en) | 2017-02-01 |
| US10648053B2 (en) | 2020-05-12 |
| KR101928636B1 (ko) | 2018-12-12 |
| JP5908936B2 (ja) | 2016-04-26 |
| EP3124635B1 (en) | 2020-12-23 |
| MX2016012221A (es) | 2017-01-19 |
| US20170107593A1 (en) | 2017-04-20 |
| CN106133166B (zh) | 2018-10-23 |
| KR20160123371A (ko) | 2016-10-25 |
| CN106133166A (zh) | 2016-11-16 |
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