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WO2015018650A1 - Procédé pour la fabrication d'un élément de liaison - Google Patents

Procédé pour la fabrication d'un élément de liaison Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015018650A1
WO2015018650A1 PCT/EP2014/065896 EP2014065896W WO2015018650A1 WO 2015018650 A1 WO2015018650 A1 WO 2015018650A1 EP 2014065896 W EP2014065896 W EP 2014065896W WO 2015018650 A1 WO2015018650 A1 WO 2015018650A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
geometry
components
connecting element
boundary conditions
optimization
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2014/065896
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dirk Hartmann
Claudia-Camilla MALCHER
Thomas Mueller
Philipp Emanuel Stelzig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of WO2015018650A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015018650A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the production of a connecting element according to claim 1.
  • fasteners are used to connect mechanical components. In this case, a variety of requirements for fasteners is made. If components to be connected are to be held in a fixed position relative to one another, then a connecting element must be correspondingly rigid. If a connecting element allows a relative movement of two components to be connected, then the connecting element has to be designed to be elastic and / or damping, for example. Fasteners may also be subject to kinematic requirements to allow relative movement of connected components in fixed directions. In addition, connecting elements should generally also be designed with little material in order to keep the material costs and the masses and moments of inertia of the connecting elements low. It has been found that the design and the production of individualized connecting elements can be associated with great expenditure of time and money.
  • An object of the present invention is to specify a method for producing a connecting element. This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1. In the dependent claims various developments are given.
  • a method for producing a connecting element comprises steps for providing geometric data for components to be connected, for determining a relative positioning of the components to be connected, for determining boundary conditions for partial surfaces of the components to be connected, for calculating an envelope enveloping the components to be connected, for subtracting the components to be connected from a space enclosed by the envelope to obtain an optimization space region, for transmitting the specified boundary conditions to sub-surfaces of the component complementary to the sub-surfaces of the components to be connected Optimization space area for computing a geometry for the connection element, wherein the geometry for the connection element is calculated as a subset of the optimization space area, wherein the geometry is calculated with an optimization algorithm so that the specified boundary conditions are met at the sub-surfaces of the optimization space area.
  • this method enables automated interactive generation of geometry for a connector.
  • the implementation of the method is advantageously associated with only a small design effort.
  • the method provides inherent simulative validation of the geometry for the connector element obtainable by the method. This advantageously ensures that a connecting element satisfies the mechanical requirements imposed on the connecting element by the geometry obtainable by the method.
  • this comprises a further step for defining a forbidden space area surrounding the components to be connected, into which the connecting element may not extend.
  • the forbidden space area is also subtracted from the space area enclosed by the envelope to obtain the optimization space area.
  • additional requirements can be imposed on the geometry of the connecting element obtainable by the method.
  • This makes it possible to optimize the connection element obtainable by the method for a specific application with possibly complex requirements.
  • the method makes it possible to produce connecting elements which can be used under limited spatial conditions.
  • the envelope is calculated as a convex hull.
  • this results in a simple geometry for the envelope.
  • the envelope is calculated in the form of a cuboid, which encloses the components to be joined.
  • the cuboid can be arranged, for example, parallel to axes of a coordinate system.
  • the envelope thereby has a particularly simple and clear geometry, which simplifies the creation of the envelope as well as the further calculation.
  • this comprises a further step for fixing a material for the connecting element.
  • the method thereby enables a consideration of special material properties of the material provided for the connecting element. For example, a density and / or an elasticity of the material provided for the connecting element can be taken into account.
  • computing the geometry for the connector includes steps for
  • this algorithm allows a reliable and robust calculation of a geometry for the connection element.
  • the algorithm can advantageously be implemented in a simple manner and carried out with little computation effort.
  • a particular advantage of the method is the inherent simulative validation of the geometry computed by the method resulting from the process step of updating the stiffness matrix using the material density distribution.
  • a further step is carried out for calculating a judgment function.
  • the method enables an iterative optimization of the material density distribution of the connecting element obtainable by the method.
  • an inherent validation of the forming geometry of the connecting element takes place during each iteration.
  • the boundary conditions are defined as kinematic boundary conditions and / or as force boundary conditions.
  • force boundary conditions make it possible to determine which values may be assumed to act on partial surfaces of the components to be connected.
  • Kinematic constraints can be set, for example, as shift boundary conditions.
  • this comprises a further step for producing the connecting element.
  • the method thus provides a connection element which is optimized for a specific application and which satisfies defined mechanical requirements.
  • the production of the connecting element takes place by an additive method. This advantageously allows economical production of fasteners in small quantities.
  • the production of the connecting element can take place by means of a 3D printer.
  • connection element is produced by a layer construction method.
  • the connecting element can be constructed from a sequence of consecutive thin layers.
  • this allows a cost-effective production of the connecting element.
  • the method is advantageously also applicable if the connecting element has a complex three-dimensional geometry.
  • Fig. 1 is a first view of components to be connected
  • FIG. 2 shows a second view of the components to be connected
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the components to be connected in the context of prohibited areas of space.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of an optimization space area
  • Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a connecting element
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the connecting element with the components to be joined;
  • Fig. 7 is a flowchart of a method of manufacturing a connector; and
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a geometry calculation method.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method 300 for producing a connecting element.
  • the method 300 is suitable for the interactive generation of connecting elements for connecting any mechanical components in any spatial arrangement to one another.
  • the method allows a specification of additional boundary and secondary conditions that are to be fulfilled by the connecting element.
  • the method performs inherent simulative validation of the fastener produced by the method to ensure compliance with the constraints and constraints imposed by the fastener obtainable by the method.
  • the method 300 for producing a connecting element will be explained below with reference to a concrete application example.
  • the application example provides for the design and manufacture of a connector which serves to attach a tablet computer to a handlebar of a bicycle.
  • the presented application is only to be understood as an example.
  • the method 300 is suitable for the production of any connection elements.
  • geometry data 100 of mechanical components 110 to be connected to one another are provided.
  • the geometry data 100 indicate a spatial geometry of the components 110 to be connected.
  • the geometry data 100 of the components 110 to be connected can be provided, for example, in the form of CAD or STL data.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show schematic perspective views of exemplary components 110 to be connected from different viewing directions.
  • the components 110 to be connected comprise a holding tray 111 for a tablet computer and three clamping elements 112.
  • the holding tray 111 is intended to receive a tablet computer.
  • the clamping elements 112 are intended to be clamped to a bicycle handlebar of a bicycle.
  • a connection element is to be created, which connects the holding shell 111 with the clamping elements 112 in order to enable attachment of a tablet computer to a bicycle handlebar.
  • a relative positioning 120 of the components 110 to be connected is determined.
  • the relative positioning 120 of the components 110 to be connected can take place, for example, by reference to a coordinate system of a virtual space.
  • the relative positioning 120 may be set interactively using a CAD system.
  • the exemplary relative positioning 120 of the components 110 to be connected is selected such that the tablet computer can be arranged above the bicycle handlebar.
  • boundary conditions 140 for sub-surfaces 130 of the components 110 to be connected are determined.
  • the boundary conditions 140 can be defined, for example, as kinematic boundary conditions 141, such as shift boundary conditions, and / or as force boundary conditions 142.
  • Kinematic boundary conditions 141 may indicate, for example, that a partial surface 130 of the components 110 to be connected is firmly fixed in space, that is to say immovable.
  • force margin conditions 142 may indicate a maximum force acting on a partial surface 130 of the components 110 to be connected.
  • the kinematic boundary condition 141 is stated that the partial surfaces 130 of the clamping elements 112 oriented toward the bicycle handlebar are firmly clamped.
  • a surface load exerted on the holding tray 111 by a tablet computer arranged in the holding tray 111 is formulated as a force boundary condition 142 on the partial surface 130 of the holding tray 111 adjoining the tablet computer.
  • an envelope 160 is calculated, which envelopes the components 110 to be connected.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of the envelope 160 enclosing the components 110 to be connected.
  • the envelope 160 is preferably calculated as a convex hull.
  • a particularly simple geometry of the envelope 160 results when the envelope 160 is calculated in the form of a parallelepiped axis parallel to the axes of a coordinate system. This is the case in the example shown in FIG.
  • a space area 161 enclosed by the envelope 160 comprises all the components 110 to be connected.
  • the envelope 160 can be determined interactively by means of a CAD system, for example.
  • a fifth method step 305 of the method 300 the geometries of the components 110 to be connected are subtracted from the space region 161 enclosed by the envelope 160.
  • the subtraction is to be understood in the sense of a Boolean operation.
  • the space occupied by the components 110 to be connected is removed from the space area 161 enclosed by the envelope 160.
  • a prohibited room area 150 also becomes and also subtracted from the space area 161 enclosed by the envelope 160.
  • the determination of the forbidden space area 150 may, for example, be done interactively by means of a CAD system.
  • the forbidden space area 150 comprises those areas in the vicinity of the components 110 to be connected, into which the connection element produced by the method 300 must not extend, that is, which must remain free.
  • the forbidden space area 150 comprises a bicycle handlebar 151, as can be seen from the perspective illustration of FIG.
  • the connecting element obtainable by the method 300 must not collide with the bicycle handlebar 151 in order to allow an arrangement of the components 110 to be connected by the connecting element to the bicycle handlebar 151.
  • the forbidden space area 150 includes a space occupied by a tablet computer not shown in FIG. 3.
  • an optimization space 170 As a result of subtracting the components 110 to be connected and, optionally, the forbidden space 150 from the space 161 enclosed by the envelope 160, an optimization space 170 remains.
  • the optimization space 170 indicates those areas in which the connector produced by the method 300 maximizes may extend.
  • 4 shows a schematic perspective view of the optimization space region 170.
  • the optimization space region 170 has holes in the space area occupied by the components 110 to be connected and in the forbidden space area 150.
  • the sixth method step 306 can be omitted if no forbidden area 150 needs to be defined.
  • the optimization space area 170 Since the optimization space area 170 has holes in the space areas occupied by the components 110 to be connected, the optimization space area 170 also points to the partial space 170.
  • Surface 130 of the components to be connected 110 complementary sub-surfaces 180.
  • the boundary conditions 140 defined for the sub-surfaces 130 of the components 110 to be connected in the third method step 303 are transmitted to the complementary sub-surfaces 180 of the optimization space region 170.
  • a material for the connecting element produced by the method 300 is determined.
  • the material defined in the eighth method step 308 can be determined, for example, by specifying its mechanical properties. For example, a density and / or an isotropic linear elasticity of the material can be specified.
  • a geometry 210 for a connection element 200 is calculated.
  • the geometry 210 for the connector 200 is calculated as a subset of the optimizer space area 170.
  • the connection element 200 is thereby completely arranged within the optimization space region 170.
  • the geometry 210 of the connection element 200 is calculated with an optimization algorithm in such a way that the boundary conditions 140 transmitted to the complementary sub-surfaces 180 of the optimization space region 170 in the seventh method step 307 are fulfilled at the complementary sub-surfaces 180 of the optimization space region 170.
  • the calculation of the geometry 210 in the ninth method step 309 takes place by means of a geometry or
  • the geometry 210 of the connecting element 200 is determined on the basis of mechanical variables which result from the boundary conditions 140 transferred to the complementary sub-surfaces 180 of the optimization space region 170 in the seventh method step 307. As a result, the calculation of the geometry 210 is a simulative validation tion of compliance with these constraints 140 inherent in the geometry 210 of the connector 200.
  • Suitable optimization methods are in particular the level set method and the SIMP method.
  • the level set method is from the publications
  • the optimization algorithm may optimize one or more characteristics of the connector 200 taking into account and respecting one or more other sizes and characteristics of the connector 200. For example, a maximum deformation of the connecting element 200, a maximum reference stress in the connecting element 200 and / or a maximum mass of the connecting element 200 can be defined as predefined variables and properties.
  • the optimization algorithm can optimize the connection element 200, for example, in such a way that it has the smallest possible mass or is deformed to the least extent possible.
  • the optimization algorithm may, for example, iteratively add material in certain portions of the geometry 210 of the connector 200 to achieve optimum stiffness of the connector 200 with the mass of the connector 200 fixed, while removing material in other portions of the geometry 210 of the connector 200.
  • the rigidity of the connecting element 200 can be optimized, while the mass of the connecting element 200 is held as a secondary condition.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary geometry calculation method 400 that may be used to calculate the geometry 210 of the connector 200 in the ninth method step 309 of the method 300.
  • the optimization space area 170 becomes
  • a material density distribution is initialized in the elements of the optimization space region 170 which are discretized in the first sub-step 401.
  • the initialization can For example, provide a homogeneous material density in all sub-elements of the optimization space area 170.
  • a stiffness matrix is assembled.
  • the stiffness matrix is parameterized according to the material density distribution.
  • the assembly of the stiffness matrix can be carried out, for example, according to the method disclosed in the cited publication [4].
  • a force vector is assembled. This too can be done as in publication [4].
  • a fifth sub-step 405 of the geometry calculation method 400 the boundary conditions 140 transmitted to the complementary sub-surfaces 180 of the optimization space area 170 are impressed on the stiffness matrix and the force vector. This can be done, for example, by deleting rows and columns belonging to zero degrees of freedom of the stiffness matrix and of the force vector.
  • the stiffness matrix is updated using the current material density distribution. This takes place analogously to the third sub-step 403 of the geometry calculation method 400.
  • a changed material density distribution is determined. expects.
  • the calculation can be carried out according to the method described in publication [4].
  • a judgment function is calculated.
  • the evaluation function provides information on how well a connecting element with the material density distribution calculated in the seventh sub-step 407 satisfies the requirements imposed on the geometry calculation method 400.
  • a ninth sub-step 409 of the geometry calculation method 400 it is checked whether the value of the evaluation function calculated in the eighth sub-step 408 has reached a defined threshold value. If this is the case, the geometry calculation method 400 ends with the tenth sub-step 410 explained below. Otherwise, the geometry calculation method 400 is repeated from the sixth sub-step 406. In this case, the material density distribution calculated in the seventh sub-step 407 of the preceding iteration is used to calculate the stiffness matrix 406 in the sixth sub-step 406. The sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth sub-steps 406, 407, 408, 409 of the geometry calculation method 400 are repeated until the value of the evaluation function calculated in the eighth sub-step 408 has reached the specified threshold value.
  • the geometry 210 of the connecting element 200 is extracted from the material density distribution calculated in the seventh sub-step 407 of the last iteration.
  • the extraction of the geometry 210 can be done, for example, according to the level set method.
  • connection element 200 described by the geometry 210 does not extend approximately beyond the specified optimization space area 170. However, due to numerical inaccuracies, the connecting element 200 may also partially penetrate into the components 110 to be connected extend into the occupied space area. In an optional further method step, the components 110 to be connected can therefore be subtracted from geometry 210 of the connecting element 200 obtained in the ninth method step 309 in the sense of a Boolean operation.
  • the components 110 to be connected can be added to the geometry 210 of the connecting element 200 in the sense of a Boolean operation. Then, the connecting element 200 comprises the components 110 to be connected directly.
  • connection element 200 with the geometry 210 thus obtainable satisfies the technical requirements defined in the method steps of the method 300.
  • the connection element 200 is suitable for connecting the components 110 to be connected.
  • the connection element 200 does not collide with objects in forbidden spatial regions 150.
  • the connection element 200 fulfills the specified boundary conditions 140.
  • connection element 200 defined by the geometry 210 can be physically produced.
  • the production of the connecting element 200 can be effected, for example, by an additive method.
  • the connecting element 200 can be produced, for example, by means of a so-called 3D printer.
  • the additive manufacturing method may be, for example, a layer construction method.
  • 5 shows a perspective view of the geometry 210 of the connecting element 200 calculated by way of example in the ninth method step 309 of the method 300.
  • the connecting element 200 has a retaining shell side 201 and a clamping side 202.
  • the retaining shell side 201 of the connecting element 200 is intended to establish a connection to the retaining shell 111 of the components 110 to be connected.
  • the clamping side 202 of the connecting element 200 is intended to connect to the clamping elements 112 to connect connecting components 110.
  • the connecting element 200 is thus suitable for connecting the holding shell 111 with the clamping elements 112.
  • FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of the connecting element 200 and the components 110 to be connected.
  • the clamping elements 112 are thereby clamped to the bicycle handlebar 151.
  • the connecting element 200 connects the holding shell 111 with the clamping elements 112. In this case, the connecting element 200 does not extend into the forbidden space area 150 that encompasses the bicycle handlebar 151.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour la fabrication d'un élément de liaison comprenant les étapes consistant à mettre à disposition des données géométriques de pièces à relier, à fixer un positionnement relatif des pièces à relier, à fixer des conditions limites pour des surfaces partielles des pièces à relier, à calculer une enveloppe qui enferme les pièces à relier, à soustraire les pièces à relier d'un espace spatial enfermé par l'enveloppe, pour obtenir un domaine spatial d'optimisation, à transférer les conditions limites fixées à des surfaces partielles du domaine spatial d'optimisation complémentaires aux surfaces partielles des pièces à relier, à calculer une géométrie pour l'élément de liaison, la géométrie pour l'élément de liaison étant calculée comme quantité partielle du domaine spatial d'optimisation, la géométrie étant calculée à l'aide d'un algorithme d'optimisation de manière telle que les conditions limites fixées aux surfaces partielles du domaine spatial d'optimisation sont satisfaites.
PCT/EP2014/065896 2013-08-09 2014-07-24 Procédé pour la fabrication d'un élément de liaison Ceased WO2015018650A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013215746.0A DE102013215746A1 (de) 2013-08-09 2013-08-09 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbindungselements
DE102013215746.0 2013-08-09

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015018650A1 true WO2015018650A1 (fr) 2015-02-12

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WO (1) WO2015018650A1 (fr)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6859681B1 (en) * 1999-09-27 2005-02-22 The Pom Group Multi-material toolpath generation for direct metal deposition

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080300831A1 (en) * 2006-12-19 2008-12-04 Board Of Governors For Higher Education, State Of Rhode Island And Providence System and method for finite element based on topology optimization

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6859681B1 (en) * 1999-09-27 2005-02-22 The Pom Group Multi-material toolpath generation for direct metal deposition

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
NATEKAR D ET AL: "Constructive solid analysis: a hierarchical, geometry-based meshless analysis procedure for integrated design and analysis", COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN, ELSEVIER PUBLISHERS BV., BARKING, GB, vol. 36, no. 5, 1 April 2004 (2004-04-01), pages 473 - 486, XP004493261, ISSN: 0010-4485, DOI: 10.1016/S0010-4485(03)00129-5 *
SRINIVAS KODIYALAM ET AL: "Constructive solid geometry approach to three-dimensional structuralshape optimization", AIAA JOURNAL, vol. 30, no. 5, 1 May 1992 (1992-05-01), WASHINGTON, DC; US, pages 1408 - 1415, XP055138630, ISSN: 0001-1452, DOI: 10.2514/3.11077 *

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