WO2015012260A1 - 液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015012260A1 WO2015012260A1 PCT/JP2014/069310 JP2014069310W WO2015012260A1 WO 2015012260 A1 WO2015012260 A1 WO 2015012260A1 JP 2014069310 W JP2014069310 W JP 2014069310W WO 2015012260 A1 WO2015012260 A1 WO 2015012260A1
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- light
- liquid crystal
- display device
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- plate
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/13362—Illuminating devices providing polarized light, e.g. by converting a polarisation component into another one
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
- G02F1/133536—Reflective polarizers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133617—Illumination with ultraviolet light; Luminescent elements or materials associated to the cell
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133621—Illuminating devices providing coloured light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133614—Illuminating devices using photoluminescence, e.g. phosphors illuminated by UV or blue light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133638—Waveplates, i.e. plates with a retardation value of lambda/n
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device.
- Liquid crystal display devices (hereinafter also referred to as LCDs) have low power consumption and are increasingly used year by year as space-saving image display devices.
- the liquid crystal display device has a configuration in which a backlight (hereinafter also referred to as BL), a backlight side polarizing plate, a liquid crystal cell, a display side polarizing plate, and the like are provided in this order.
- BL backlight
- a backlight side polarizing plate a liquid crystal cell
- display side polarizing plate and the like
- an optical sheet member having a brightness enhancement function may be provided between the backlight and the backlight side polarizing plate.
- This optical sheet member is an optical element that transmits only light that vibrates in a specific polarization direction and reflects light that vibrates in other polarization directions among incident light that vibrates in all directions.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a polarizing plate having a structure in which a ⁇ / 4 plate and a cholesteric liquid crystal phase are laminated, and a broad band in a layer formed by fixing three or more cholesteric liquid crystal phases having different pitches of cholesteric liquid crystal phases.
- DBEF Dual Brightness Enhancement Film
- Patent Document 2 discloses a polarizing plate having a structure in which a ⁇ / 4 plate and a cholesteric liquid crystal phase are laminated, and a broad band in a layer formed by fixing three or more cholesteric liquid crystal phases having different pitches of cholesteric liquid crystal phases.
- a technique for improving the light utilization rate of BL by light recycling is described.
- such an optical sheet member has a complicated member configuration, and in order to spread in the market, it is essential to reduce the cost by reducing the number of members by further integrating the functions of the members.
- Patent Document 3 realizes high brightness and improved color reproducibility by embodying white light using a quantum dot (QD) that emits red light and green light as a phosphor between a blue LED and a light guide plate. How to do is described.
- Non-Patent Document 1 proposes a method in which light conversion sheets (QDEF, also referred to as quantum dot sheets) using quantum dots are combined in order to improve the color reproducibility of the LCD.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 that improve the light utilization rate provide a broadband light recycling function for white light, there is a problem that the manufacturing cost is high due to a complicated design that takes into account the multilayer structure and wavelength dispersion of the members.
- PL fluorescence
- QD quantum dots
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device with improved front luminance and color reproduction range.
- the polarized light of the transmitted light and the reflected light becomes linearly polarized light in the vibration direction orthogonal to each other, has a polarization separation function for blue light
- a light conversion member sheet including a polarization separation member that does not have a polarization separation function for red and red light, and a fluorescent material (organic, inorganic, quantum dots, etc.) that emits green and red light when blue light is incident
- a blue light source can suppress the absorption of blue light on the backlight side more than the liquid crystal cell and increase the light utilization rate, and the color reproduction range is also higher than when a broadband white light source is used. It has been found that it can be improved and the above problems can be solved. That is, the said subject is solved by this invention of the following structures.
- a backlight unit, a light conversion member, a polarization separation member, a backlight side polarizer, a liquid crystal cell, and a display side polarizing plate are arranged in this order;
- the backlight unit includes a light source that emits unpolarized blue light having an emission center wavelength in a wavelength band of 430 to 480 nm;
- the polarized light separating member separates the non-polarized blue light incident from the normal direction of the polarized light separating member into blue transmitted light and blue reflected light which are linearly polarized light having vibration directions orthogonal to each other, and has a wavelength of 500 to 600 nm.
- the light conversion member has the emission center wavelength in the wavelength band of 500 to 600 nm and the linearly polarized green light and the emission center in the wavelength band of 600 to 650 nm by the blue light incident on the light conversion member.
- a fluorescent material that emits red light having a wavelength and linearly polarized light;
- a liquid crystal display device in which the transmission axis of the backlight side polarizer is parallel to the vibration directions of the green light and the red light.
- the polarization separation member includes a first ⁇ / 4 plate, a light reflection layer formed by fixing a cholesteric liquid crystal phase, and a second ⁇ / 4 plate.
- the light reflecting layer formed by fixing the cholesteric liquid crystal phase has a reflection center wavelength in the wavelength band of 430 to 480 nm, and reflects one of right circularly polarized light and left circularly polarized light at the reflection center wavelength and reflects the other.
- the slow axes of the first ⁇ / 4 plate and the second ⁇ / 4 plate are orthogonal to each other,
- the in-plane retardation of the first ⁇ / 4 plate and the second ⁇ / 4 plate at the emission center wavelength of the non-polarized blue light is equal to each other, It is preferable that the first ⁇ / 4 plate and the second ⁇ / 4 plate described above satisfy the following formula (1).
- the fluorescent material preferably includes at least quantum dots.
- the quantum dots are preferably ellipsoidal or rectangular parallelepiped quantum rods.
- the long axis direction of the quantum rod is preferably aligned in a direction parallel to the transmission axis of the backlight side polarizer.
- the green light and the red light emitted from the light conversion member each have a peak of emission intensity with a half-value width of 100 nm or less. It is preferable to have.
- the entire backlight unit is preferably a surface light source.
- the emission center wavelength of non-polarized blue light emitted from the backlight unit is in a wavelength band of 440 to 460 nm
- the reflection center wavelength of the light reflection layer formed by fixing the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is in the wavelength band of 440 to 460 nm
- the emission center wavelength of non-polarized blue light emitted from the backlight unit coincides with the reflection center wavelength of the light reflection layer formed by fixing the cholesteric liquid crystal phase.
- the non-polarized blue light emitted from the backlight unit has a peak of emission intensity with a half-value width of 100 nm or less. Is preferred.
- the polarization separation member and the backlight side polarizer are arranged directly or adjacent to each other via an adhesive layer.
- the liquid crystal display device has two polarizing plate protective films disposed on both surfaces of the backlight side polarizer, Of the two polarizing plate protective films, at least the polarizing plate protective film on the side of the polarizing separation member is preferably a cellulose acylate film.
- a brightness enhancement film is further disposed.
- the backlight unit preferably includes a reflecting member.
- a liquid crystal display device with improved front luminance and color reproduction range can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a cross section of an example of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a cross section of another example of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, and further includes a prism sheet as a brightness enhancement film.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a cross section of an example of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, in which the polarization separation member is not in contact with the backlight side polarizer.
- a numerical range represented by using “to” means a range including numerical values described before and after “to” as a lower limit value and an upper limit value.
- the “half width” of a peak means the width of the peak at a peak height of 1/2.
- Non-polarized light is light that does not have polarization characteristics.
- a backlight unit In the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, a backlight unit, a light conversion member, a polarization separating member, a backlight side polarizer, a liquid crystal cell and a display side polarizing plate are arranged in this order; the backlight unit has a wavelength band of 430 to 480 nm.
- a light source that emits non-polarized blue light having a light emission center wavelength; a blue light whose polarization separating member is linearly polarized light having a vibration direction orthogonal to the non-polarized blue light incident from the normal direction of the polarization separating member Transmitted light and blue reflected light, transmits at least part of light in the wavelength band of 500 to 600 nm, and transmits at least part of light in the wavelength band of 600 to 650 nm;
- green light incident on the light conversion member green light having an emission center wavelength in the wavelength band of 500 to 600 nm and linearly polarized light, and 600 to 650 n
- a fluorescent material that emits red light that is linearly polarized light and has a light emission center wavelength in the wavelength band; and the transmission axis of the backlight side polarizer is the vibration direction of the green light and the red light It is characterized by being parallel.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention has improved front luminance and color gamut, and can also reduce the thickness of the member by reducing the number of members. Since the transmission axis of the backlight-side polarizer is parallel to the vibration direction of the green light and the red light, the green light and the red light are preferably back light (preferably blue transmitted light). The light side polarizer can be transmitted, and the light utilization rate can be increased by suppressing the absorption on the backlight side of the liquid crystal cell of non-polarized blue light.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 are schematic views of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
- the liquid crystal display device 51 of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 includes a backlight unit 31, a light conversion member 16, a polarization separation member 5, a backlight side polarizer 3, a liquid crystal cell 42, and a display side polarizing plate 44. .
- the backlight unit 31 includes a light source 31A that emits unpolarized blue light having a light emission center wavelength in a wavelength band of 430 to 480 nm.
- the backlight unit 31 preferably includes a light guide plate 31B for use as a surface light source.
- the polarized light separating member 5 separates the non-polarized blue light 32 incident from the normal direction of the polarized light separating member 5 into blue transmitted light 33 and blue reflected light 34 which are linearly polarized light in vibration directions orthogonal to each other, Transmits at least part of light in the wavelength band of 500 to 600 nm (for example, at least part, preferably all of green light 35 emitted by the light conversion member), and at least part of wavelength band of 600 to 650 nm. (For example, at least a part, preferably all of the red light 36 emitted from the light conversion member) can be transmitted.
- the specific structure of the polarization separating member 5 includes the first ⁇ / 4 plate 12a shown in FIGS.
- the structure which has these in this order is preferable.
- the slow axes of the first ⁇ / 4 plate 12a and the second ⁇ / 4 plate 12b are orthogonal to each other, and the non-polarized blue color of the first ⁇ / 4 plate 12a and the second ⁇ / 4 plate 12b. In-plane retardation at the emission center wavelength of light is equal to each other.
- the polarization separating member 5 is not limited to the configuration shown in FIGS.
- the polarized blue light 32 is converted into right circularly polarized light and left circularly polarized light when passing through the second ⁇ / 4 plate 12b.
- Right circularly polarized light and left circularly polarized blue light (not shown) that have passed through the second ⁇ / 4 plate 12b are either right circularly polarized light or left circularly polarized light by the light reflecting layer 14 formed by fixing the cholesteric liquid crystal phase.
- right circularly polarized light is reflected and the other one (for example, left circularly polarized light) is transmitted.
- One circularly polarized light (for example, right circularly polarized light) reflected by the light reflection layer 14 having a fixed cholesteric liquid crystal phase further passes through the second ⁇ / 4 plate 12b, thereby being reflected by the linearly polarized blue reflected light 34.
- the other circularly polarized light (for example, left circularly polarized light) transmitted through the light reflecting layer 14 formed by fixing the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is further passed through the first ⁇ / 4 plate 12a.
- the light passes through the backlight side polarizer 3 as a linearly polarized blue transmitted light 33.
- the blue reflected light 34 and the blue transmitted light 33 have vibration directions in which the polarization directions are orthogonal to each other. It becomes linearly polarized light. 1 to 3, the blue transmitted light 33 is linearly polarized light whose vibration direction is parallel to the paper surface, and the blue reflected light 34 is linearly polarized light whose vibration direction is perpendicular to the paper surface.
- the blue transmitted light 33 and the green light 35 that is linearly polarized light having the same polarization direction and the blue transmitted light 33 and the red light 36 that is linearly polarized light having the same polarization direction are, for example, the first ⁇ / 4 plate and
- the second ⁇ / 4 plate functions as a ⁇ / 4 plate even in the wavelength bands of green light and red light
- one circularly polarized light passes through the second ⁇ / 4 plate 12b.
- the blue transmitted light 33 and the green light 35 that is linearly polarized light having the same polarization direction and the blue transmitted light 33 and the red light 36 that is linearly polarized light having the same polarization direction are, on the contrary, the first ⁇ / Even when the four plates and the second ⁇ / 4 plate do not function as the ⁇ / 4 plate even in the wavelength band of the green light and the red light, the first ⁇ / 4 plate and the second ⁇ / 4 plate If the retardation is the same, the change in the polarization state by the first ⁇ / 4 plate and the second ⁇ / 4 plate is canceled and canceled (cancelled), and converted to linearly polarized light that is the original polarization direction.
- the process proceeds to the backlight side polarizer 3. Since the transmission axis of the backlight-side polarizer 3 is parallel to the vibration directions of the blue transmitted light 33, the green light 35 and the red light 36, the blue transmitted light 33, the green light 35 and the above Red light 36 can pass through the backlight-side polarizer 3.
- the light conversion member 16 has a light emission center wavelength in a wavelength band of 500 to 600 nm by blue light incident on the light conversion member 16, and (preferably in the same vibration direction as the transmission axis of the backlight side polarizer 3). ) Green light 35 that is linearly polarized light, and red light that has a light emission center wavelength in the wavelength band of 600 to 650 nm and is preferably linearly polarized light (preferably in the same vibration direction as the transmission axis of the backlight-side polarizer 3). Fluorescent material 17 that emits light 36 is included.
- the backlight side polarizer 3 is arranged so that the transmission axis of the backlight side polarizer 3 is parallel to the vibration directions of the green light 35 and the red light 36 described above.
- a structure in which a polarizing plate protective film is laminated on at least one surface of the backlight side polarizer 3 is referred to as a backlight side polarizing plate 1, and the configuration of the backlight side polarizing plate is not particularly limited and has a known configuration. For example, it can be set as the structure of the laminated body of the polarizing plate protective film (inner side) 2, the polarizer 3, and the polarizing plate protective film (outer side) 4.
- a polarizing plate protective film is not provided on the inner side but an adhesive or a coating film is provided directly on the polarizer
- a polarized light separating member can be used as the polarizing plate protective film on the outer side. That is, the polarization separating member 14 can also serve as the outer polarizing plate protective film 4 included in the backlight side polarizing plate.
- the display side polarizing plate 44 There is no restriction
- a brightness enhancement film 11 is further disposed between the light conversion member 16 and the polarization separation member 5. And prism sheets and diffusion plates.
- the arrangement position of the brightness enhancement film 11 is not limited to the mode shown in FIG. 2 and may be arranged between the light conversion member 16 and the backlight unit 31.
- the polarization separating member 5 and the backlight side polarizer 3 may be arranged directly or adjacent to each other via an adhesive layer (not shown) or the polarizing plate protective film 4 on the outer side. (Refer FIG. 1, FIG. 2) and you may arrange
- the polarization separation member 5 and the backlight side polarizing plate are arranged directly or adjacent to each other through an adhesive layer from the viewpoint of improving the luminance by suppressing the interface reflection. .
- the backlight unit includes a light source that emits non-polarized blue light having an emission center wavelength in a wavelength band of 430 to 480 nm.
- the backlight may be of an edge light type using a light guide plate, a reflection plate, or the like as a constituent member, or may be a direct type.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention has the entire backlight unit as a surface light source. It is preferable that In the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, when the backlight unit is a light source or an edge light type, the light that is emitted from the light source and reflected by the polarization separation member is reflected (repetitive retroreflection) at the rear of the light guide plate.
- the light source of the backlight unit preferably includes a blue light emitting diode that emits blue light.
- the backlight unit has a blue wavelength selection filter that selectively transmits light having a wavelength shorter than 460 nm of blue light.
- a blue wavelength selection filter is not particularly limited, and a known filter can be used, and is described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-52067. The content of this publication is incorporated in the present invention.
- the backlight unit includes a brightness enhancement film such as a known diffusion plate, diffusion sheet, prism sheet (for example, BEF), and a light guide.
- a brightness enhancement film such as a known diffusion plate, diffusion sheet, prism sheet (for example, BEF), and a light guide.
- the emission center wavelength of non-polarized blue light emitted from the backlight unit is preferably in the wavelength band of 440 to 460 nm.
- the non-polarized blue light emitted from the backlight unit preferably has an emission intensity peak with a half width of 100 nm or less, and an emission intensity peak with a half width of 80 nm or less. It is more preferable to have an emission intensity peak having a half width of 70 nm or less.
- the emission center wavelength of unpolarized blue light emitted from the backlight unit matches the reflection center wavelength of the light reflection layer formed by fixing the cholesteric liquid crystal phase contained in the polarization separation member.
- “matching” two wavelengths is not limited to the case where the two wavelengths are completely matched, and the two wavelengths have an optically acceptable deviation. This includes cases where The difference between the emission center wavelength of non-polarized blue light emitted from the backlight unit and the reflection center wavelength of the light reflection layer formed by fixing the cholesteric liquid crystal phase contained in the polarization separation member is preferably within 50 nm. , More preferably within 20 nm, particularly preferably within 10 nm.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes a light conversion member.
- a light conversion member By blue light incident on the light conversion member, green light having a light emission center wavelength in a wavelength band of 500 to 600 nm and linearly polarized light, and 600 to 600- It includes a fluorescent material that emits red light having a light emission center wavelength in a wavelength band of 650 nm and linearly polarized light.
- the light conversion member is preferably oriented.
- both the green light and the red light emitted from the light conversion member have an emission intensity peak with a half-value width of 100 nm or less, and an emission intensity with a half-value width of 80 nm or less. It is more preferable to have a peak, and it is particularly preferable to have a peak of emission intensity having a half width of 70 nm or less.
- Inorganic fluorescent materials include yttrium / aluminum / garnet yellow phosphors and terbium / aluminum / garnet yellow phosphors.
- the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescent material can be controlled by changing the particle diameter of the phosphor.
- fluorescent materials described in JP-T-2010-532005 can be used.
- Organic fluorescent materials can also be used.
- the fluorescent materials described in JP-A Nos. 2001-174636 and 2001-174809 can be used.
- the fluorescent material preferably contains at least quantum dots.
- the light conversion member having a fluorescent material is preferably a quantum dot sheet, a thermoplastic film that is stretched after dispersing the quantum dot material, or an adhesive layer in which the quantum dot material is dispersed.
- the light conversion member having a fluorescent material is a quantum dot sheet
- a quantum dot sheet such a quantum dot sheet is not particularly limited, and a known one can be used.
- JP 2012-169271 A, SID'12 DIGEST p. 895, JP-T 2010-532005, etc., and the contents of these documents are incorporated in the present invention.
- QDEF Quantum Dot Enhancement Film, manufactured by Nanosys
- the light conversion member having a fluorescent material is an adhesive layer in which a quantum dot material is dispersed
- such an adhesive layer is not particularly limited, and Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2012-169271, SID'12 DIGEST p. 895, JP-A-2001-174636, JP-A-2001-174809, JP-T 2010-532005 and the like can be dispersed in a known adhesive layer.
- the quantum dots contained in the light conversion member are preferably quantum rods in which ellipsoidal or rectangular parallelepiped particles are oriented.
- Such an ellipsoidal or rectangular parallelepiped quantum rod is not particularly limited, and is not limited in U.S. Pat. No. 7,303,628, paper (Peng, XX; Manna, L .; Yang, WD; Wickham, j .; Kadavanich, A .; Alivisatos, A. P. Nature 2000, 404, 59-61) and articles (Manna, L .; Scher, E. C .; Alivitas, A. P. j. Am. Chem. Soc.
- the long axis direction of the quantum rod is aligned in a direction parallel to the transmission axis of the backlight side polarizer, depending on the vibration direction of the linearly polarized light of the incident light to the light conversion member. It is preferable because it can emit linearly polarized light in a certain desired vibration direction (a direction parallel to the transmission axis of the backlight side polarizer).
- the light conversion member having the fluorescent material can be a thermoplastic film that is stretched after the quantum rod material is dispersed.
- a thermoplastic film is not particularly limited, and a known one can be used. However, it is described in, for example, JP 2001-174636 A and JP 2001-174809 A, and the contents of these documents are incorporated in the present invention.
- the polarized light separating member is a blue transmitted light and a blue reflected light, which are linearly polarized light having a vibration direction orthogonal to each other and the non-polarized blue light incident from the normal direction of the polarized light separating member. And at least part of light in the wavelength band of 500 to 600 nm is transmitted, and at least part of light in the wavelength band of 600 to 650 nm is transmitted.
- the polarization separation function is achieved for unpolarized blue light having an emission center wavelength in the wavelength band of 430 to 480 nm emitted from at least the backlight unit, and the wavelength of 500 to 650 nm. It is preferable that the polarization separation function is not performed with respect to light in a band.
- the fact that the polarization separating member transmits light in at least a part of the wavelength band of 500 to 600 nm is not limited to an aspect in which the transmittance is 100% in the entire wavelength band of 500 to 600 nm. It is sufficient that the transmittance at a desired wavelength in the wavelength band of 500 to 600 nm is as high as optically acceptable.
- the polarization separation member has a light emission center wavelength in a wavelength band of 500 to 600 nm emitted from the light conversion member, and is preferably green (preferably linearly polarized light having the same vibration direction as the blue reflected light). It is preferable to transmit at least a part of the light, more preferably to transmit the light having the emission center wavelength of the green light described above, and it is particularly preferable to transmit all of the emission peak of the green light described above.
- the polarization separating member preferably has a maximum reflectance peak of 20% or less in the wavelength band of 500 to 600 nm, and more preferably has a maximum reflectance peak of 10% or less in the wavelength band of 500 to 600 nm.
- the maximum reflectance peak is 5% or less in the wavelength band of 500 to 600 nm.
- the fact that the polarized light separating member transmits light in at least a part of the wavelength band of 600 to 650 nm is not limited to an aspect in which the transmittance is 100% in the entire wavelength band of 600 to 650 nm. It is sufficient that the transmittance at a desired wavelength in the wavelength band of 600 to 650 nm is as high as optically acceptable.
- the polarization separation member has a light emission center wavelength in a wavelength band of 600 to 650 nm emitted from the light conversion member, and is preferably red light (preferably linearly polarized light having the same vibration direction as the blue reflected light).
- the polarization separating member preferably has a maximum reflectance peak of 20% or less in the wavelength band of 600 to 650 nm, and more preferably has a maximum reflectance peak of 10% or less in the wavelength band of 600 to 650 nm. It is particularly preferable that the maximum reflectance peak is 5% or less in the wavelength band of 600 to 650 nm.
- the polarization state of the light in the wavelength band of 500 to 650 nm incident on the polarization separation member and the polarization state of the light in the wavelength band of 500 to 650 nm emitted from the polarization separation member are substantially the same.
- the vibration direction of linearly polarized light having a wavelength band of 500 to 650 nm incident on the polarization separating member is parallel to the vibration direction of linearly polarized light having a wavelength band of 500 to 650 nm emitted from the polarization separating member.
- the wavelength band of 500 to 650 nm incident on this polarization separation member while passing through the polarization separation member may change.
- two ⁇ / 4 plates having slow axes orthogonal to each other may be passed inside the polarization separation member.
- the total film thickness of the polarized light separating member is preferably 1 to 130 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 to 70 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the polarization separation member has a first ⁇ / 4 plate, a light reflection layer formed by fixing a cholesteric liquid crystal phase, and a second ⁇ / 4 plate in this order, and the cholesteric liquid crystal phase
- the fixed light reflection layer has a reflection center wavelength in the wavelength band of 430 to 480 nm, reflects one of right circularly polarized light and left circularly polarized light at the reflection center wavelength and transmits the other, and 500 to 600 nm.
- the first ⁇ / 4 plate and the second ⁇ / 4 plate which transmits at least a part of the light in the wavelength band and transmits at least a part of the light in the wavelength band of 600 to 650 nm.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate satisfies the following formula (1).
- Re ( ⁇ ) ⁇ / 4 ⁇ 10 nm
- ⁇ represents the emission center wavelength (unit: nm) of non-polarized blue light
- Re ( ⁇ ) represents retardation in the in-plane direction (unit: nm) at wavelength ⁇ nm.
- the light reflection layer formed by fixing the cholesteric liquid crystal phase can reflect at least one of right circularly polarized light and left circularly polarized light in a wavelength band near the reflection center wavelength.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate converts light with a wavelength ⁇ nm in a specific band from circularly polarized light to linearly polarized light, converts non-polarized light into bi-directional circularly polarized light, and converts linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light. can do.
- non-polarized light is converted into circularly polarized light in both directions by the second ⁇ / 4 plate, and light in the first polarization state (for example, right circularly polarized light) is converted into a cholesteric liquid crystal phase.
- light in the first polarization state for example, right circularly polarized light
- light in the second polarization state for example, left circularly polarized light
- the light in the second polarization state (for example, left circularly polarized light) transmitted through the light reflection layer formed by fixing the liquid crystal phase is converted into linearly polarized light by the first ⁇ / 4 plate, and the polarizer of the polarizing plate (linearly polarized light) Child).
- the light reflection layer formed by fixing the cholesteric liquid crystal phase has a reflection center wavelength in a wavelength band of 430 to 480 nm, reflects one of right circularly polarized light and left circularly polarized light at the reflection center wavelength and transmits the other. It is preferable that at least part of light in the wavelength band of 500 to 600 nm is transmitted and at least part of light in the wavelength band of 600 to 650 nm is transmitted. From the viewpoint of reducing the thickness of the polarization separation member, the polarization separation member preferably has only one light reflection layer formed by fixing the cholesteric liquid crystal phase, that is, has a layer formed by fixing other cholesteric liquid crystal phases. Preferably not.
- the polarization separation member has two or more light reflecting layers in which the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is fixed. In that case, if the direction of the circularly polarized light that can be reflected by the light reflecting layer formed by fixing two or more cholesteric liquid crystal phases is the same direction, right circularly polarized light and left circularly light at the reflection center wavelength. One of the polarized light can be reflected and the other can be transmitted.
- the light reflection layer formed by fixing the cholesteric liquid crystal phase has a reflection center wavelength in a wavelength band of 430 to 480 nm, and the reflection center wavelength of the light reflection layer formed by fixing the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is a wavelength band of 430 to 470 nm. Preferably, it is in the wavelength band of 440 to 460 nm.
- the half width of the reflectance peak at the reflection center wavelength of the light reflection layer formed by fixing the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is preferably 100 nm or less, and the half width of the reflectance peak is more preferably 80 nm or less, It is particularly preferable that the half width of this reflectance peak is 70 nm or less.
- the reflection center wavelength of the light reflection layer formed by fixing the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is in the wavelength band of 440 to 460 nm, and the emission center wavelength of unpolarized blue light emitted from the backlight unit is cholesteric. It is preferable that the reflection center wavelengths of the light reflection layer formed by fixing the liquid crystal phase match.
- the light reflection layer formed by fixing the cholesteric liquid crystal phase preferably transmits at least part of light in the wavelength band of 500 to 600 nm and transmits at least part of light in the wavelength band of 600 to 650 nm.
- a method of preparing a light reflecting layer by fixing a cholesteric liquid crystal phase capable of transmitting light in a wavelength band of 500 to 600 nm a cholesteric liquid crystal phase having a reflection center wavelength in a wavelength band of 430 to 480 nm is fixed. And a method of reducing the half width of the reflectance peak at the reflection center wavelength of the light reflection layer.
- the reflection center wavelength that is, the wavelength that gives the peak of the reflectance can be adjusted by changing the pitch or refractive index of the light reflecting layer formed by fixing the cholesteric liquid crystal phase. It can be easily adjusted by changing Specifically, Fujifilm research report No. 50 (2005) pp. There is a detailed description in 60-63.
- cholesteric liquid crystal an appropriate one may be used and there is no particular limitation.
- the use of a liquid crystal polymer is advantageous from the viewpoints of the superimposition efficiency and thinning of the liquid crystal layer.
- a cholesteric liquid crystal molecule having a large birefringence is preferable because the wavelength band of selective reflection becomes wider.
- liquid crystal polymer for example, main chain type liquid crystal polymer such as polyester, side chain type liquid crystal polymer composed of acrylic main chain, methacryl main chain, siloxane main chain, etc., low molecular chiral agent-containing nematic liquid crystal polymer, chiral component introduced liquid crystal Appropriate ones such as polymers and mixed liquid crystal polymers of nematic and cholesteric types can be used.
- a glass transition temperature of 30 to 150 ° C. is preferable from the viewpoint of handleability.
- Formation of a light reflecting layer with a fixed cholesteric liquid crystal phase is applied directly to a polarizing separator through an appropriate alignment film such as polyimide, polyvinyl alcohol, or obliquely deposited layer of SiO, transparent film, etc. It can carry out by suitable methods, such as the method of apply
- the support one having a phase difference as small as possible can be preferably used from the viewpoint of preventing the change of the polarization state. Further, a superposition method of a light reflection layer in which a cholesteric liquid crystal phase is fixed via an alignment film can also be adopted.
- the liquid crystal polymer can be applied by a method in which a liquid material such as a solvent solution or a molten liquid is heated by an appropriate method such as a roll coating method, a gravure printing method, or a spin coating method. .
- the thickness of the light reflecting layer formed by fixing the cholesteric liquid crystal phase to be formed is preferably 0.5 to 100 ⁇ m from the viewpoints of selective reflectivity, orientation disorder and prevention of transmittance reduction.
- the film thickness of the light reflecting layer formed by fixing the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is preferably 3 to 12 ⁇ m, more preferably 3 to 10 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 5 to 9 ⁇ m.
- the slow axes of the first ⁇ / 4 plate and the second ⁇ / 4 plate are orthogonal.
- the slow axis of the first ⁇ / 4 plate is 45 ° with respect to one of the transmission axis directions of the backlight side polarizer, and the slow axis of the second ⁇ / 4 plate is 135 °. It is preferable to arrange in the direction.
- the first ⁇ / 4 plate is laminated so that the direction of linearly polarized light transmitted through the first ⁇ / 4 plate is parallel to the transmission axis direction of the backlight side polarizer.
- the first ⁇ / 4 plate and the second ⁇ / 4 plate have the same retardation in the in-plane direction at the emission center wavelength of non-polarized blue light, and the first ⁇ / 4 plate and the second ⁇ / 4 plate are the same. It is preferable that the plate satisfies the following formula (1).
- Re ( ⁇ ) ⁇ / 4 ⁇ 10 nm
- ⁇ represents the emission center wavelength (unit: nm) of non-polarized blue light
- Re ( ⁇ ) represents retardation in the in-plane direction (unit: nm) at wavelength ⁇ nm.
- the difference in retardation in the in-plane direction at the emission center wavelength of unpolarized blue light between the first ⁇ / 4 plate and the second ⁇ / 4 plate is preferably within 20 nm, and preferably within 10 nm. More preferably, it is within 5 nm, particularly preferably 2 nm.
- the first ⁇ / 4 plate and the second ⁇ / 4 plate do not perform even if they function as ⁇ / 4 plates in the wavelength band of 500 to 600 nm and the wavelength band of 600 to 650 nm. May be.
- the first ⁇ / 4 plate and the second ⁇ / 4 plate preferably have the same in-plane retardation at the emission center wavelength of the green light emitted from the light conversion member.
- the in-plane retardations at the emission center wavelength of the emitted red light are equal to each other.
- the change in the polarization state of the first ⁇ / 4 plate and the second ⁇ / 4 plate into the light of the wavelength band of 500 to 600 nm and the wavelength band of 600 to 650 nm is canceled out.
- Cancel cancel each other.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate used as the first ⁇ / 4 plate and the second ⁇ / 4 plate may be a narrow band or a wide band.
- the wavelength dispersion of the ⁇ / 4 plate is the reverse regardless of whether the forward dispersion is “Re (450)> Re (550)” or the flat dispersion is “Re (450) ⁇ Re (550)”.
- the dispersion may be “Re (450) ⁇ Re (550)”.
- the broadband ⁇ / 4 plate is As a quarter wavelength plate made of a superposed body of a retardation film, for example, a combination of a phase difference of 1 ⁇ 2 wavelength and a phase difference of 1 ⁇ 4 wavelength with respect to monochromatic light is combined with a plurality of phase differences.
- a method for producing such a broadband ⁇ / 4 plate for example, the method described in JP-A-8-271731 can be used, and the contents of this publication are incorporated in the present invention.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate satisfying the formula (1) may be an optically anisotropic support having a desired ⁇ / 4 function by itself, or an optically anisotropic layer on a support made of a polymer film. Etc. may be included. That is, in the latter case, a desired ⁇ / 4 function is provided by laminating another layer on the support.
- the constituent material of the optically anisotropic layer is not particularly limited, and may be a layer formed from a composition containing a liquid crystalline compound and exhibiting optical anisotropy expressed by molecular orientation of the liquid crystalline compound.
- the polymer film may be a layer having optical anisotropy developed by orienting a polymer in the film and may have both layers.
- it can be constituted by one or two or more biaxial films, or can be constituted by combining two or more uniaxial films such as a combination of a C plate and an A plate.
- it can also be configured by combining one or more biaxial films and one or more uniaxial films.
- the material for the optically anisotropic support used in the present invention is not particularly limited.
- Various polymer films such as cellulose acylate, polycarbonate polymer, polyester polymer such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, acrylic polymer such as polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, acrylonitrile / styrene copolymer (AS resin), etc. Styrene polymers and the like can be used.
- Polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyolefin polymers such as ethylene / propylene copolymers, vinyl chloride polymers, amide polymers such as nylon and aromatic polyamide, imide polymers, sulfone polymers, polyethersulfone polymers , Polyether ether ketone polymer, polyphenylene sulfide polymer, vinylidene chloride polymer, vinyl alcohol polymer, vinyl butyral polymer, arylate polymer, polyoxymethylene polymer, epoxy polymer, polymer mixed polymer, etc.
- One or two or more polymers can be selected and used as the main component to produce a polymer film, which can be used to produce an optical film in a combination that satisfies the above characteristics.
- the optically anisotropic layer includes at least one layer formed from a composition containing a liquid crystalline compound. It is preferable that That is, it is preferably a laminate of a polymer film (transparent support) and an optically anisotropic layer formed from a composition containing a liquid crystal compound.
- a polymer film having a small optical anisotropy may be used, or a polymer film exhibiting an optical anisotropy by stretching or the like may be used.
- the support preferably has a light transmittance of 80% or more.
- the type of liquid crystalline compound used for forming the optically anisotropic layer that the ⁇ / 4 plate may have is not particularly limited.
- an optically anisotropic layer obtained by fixing by photocrosslinking or thermal crosslinking, or after forming a polymer liquid crystalline compound in a nematic orientation in a liquid crystal state An optically anisotropic layer obtained by fixing this orientation by cooling can also be used.
- the optically anisotropic layer is a layer formed by fixing the liquid crystalline compound by polymerization or the like.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal compound may be a polyfunctional polymerizable liquid crystal or a monofunctional polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
- the liquid crystalline compound may be a discotic liquid crystalline compound or a rod-like liquid crystalline compound.
- liquid crystal compounds can be classified into a rod type and a disk type from the shape.
- Polymer generally refers to a polymer having a degree of polymerization of 100 or more (Polymer Physics / Phase Transition Dynamics, Masao Doi, 2 pages, Iwanami Shoten, 1992).
- any liquid crystal compound can be used, but a rod-like liquid crystal compound or a disk-like liquid crystal compound is preferably used.
- Two or more kinds of rod-like liquid crystal compounds, two or more kinds of disk-like liquid crystal compounds, or a mixture of a rod-like liquid crystal compound and a disk-like liquid crystal compound may be used.
- the liquid crystal compound may be a mixture of two or more types, and in that case, at least one preferably has two or more reactive groups.
- the rod-like liquid crystal compound for example, those described in JP-A-11-513019 and JP-A-2007-279688 can be preferably used, and examples of the discotic liquid crystal compound include JP-A-2007-108732 and JP-A-2007-108732. Those described in Kai 2010-244038 can be preferably used, but are not limited thereto.
- the molecules of the liquid crystal compound are fixed in any alignment state of vertical alignment, horizontal alignment, hybrid alignment, and tilt alignment.
- the disc surface of the discotic liquid crystalline compound is substantially perpendicular to the film surface (optically anisotropic layer surface), or a rod shape It is preferable that the major axis of the liquid crystal compound is substantially horizontal with respect to the film surface (optically anisotropic layer surface).
- substantially perpendicular to the discotic liquid crystalline compound means that the average angle between the film surface (optically anisotropic layer surface) and the disc surface of the discotic liquid crystalline compound is in the range of 70 ° to 90 °. Means. 80 ° to 90 ° is more preferable, and 85 ° to 90 ° is still more preferable. That the rod-like liquid crystalline compound is substantially horizontal means that the angle formed by the film surface (optically anisotropic layer surface) and the director of the rod-like liquid crystalline compound is in the range of 0 ° to 20 °. 0 ° to 10 ° is more preferable, and 0 ° to 5 ° is still more preferable.
- this optically anisotropic layer may be composed of only one layer, two or more rod-shaped liquid crystal compounds, and a discotic liquid crystal compound. It may be a laminate of two or more optically anisotropic layers by combining two or more layers, or a combination of a rod-like liquid crystal compound and a discotic liquid crystal compound.
- the optically anisotropic layer comprises a coating liquid containing a liquid crystalline compound such as a rod-like liquid crystalline compound or a discotic liquid crystalline compound, and a polymerization initiator, an alignment controller, and other additives, which will be described later, on a support. It can form by apply
- the composition it is preferable to apply the composition to the surface of the alignment film to align the molecules of the liquid crystalline compound.
- the alignment film has a function of defining the alignment direction of the liquid crystalline compound, it is preferably used for realizing a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the alignment film plays the role, and thus is not necessarily an essential component of the present invention. That is, it is also possible to produce a polarization separation member by transferring only the optically anisotropic layer on the alignment film in which the alignment state is fixed onto the support.
- the alignment film is preferably formed by polymer rubbing treatment.
- polymer examples include methacrylate copolymers, styrene copolymers, polyolefins, polyvinyl alcohol and modified polyvinyl alcohol, poly (N-methylol) described in paragraph No. [0022] of JP-A-8-338913, for example. Acrylamide), polyester, polyimide, vinyl acetate copolymer, carboxymethylcellulose, polycarbonate and the like. Silane coupling agents can be used as the polymer.
- Water-soluble polymers eg, poly (N-methylolacrylamide), carboxymethylcellulose, gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, modified polyvinyl alcohol
- gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol and modified polyvinyl alcohol are more preferred
- polyvinyl alcohol and modified polyvinyl alcohol are most preferred.
- a treatment method widely adopted as a liquid crystal alignment treatment process of the LCD can be applied. That is, a method of obtaining the orientation by rubbing the surface of the orientation film in a certain direction using paper, gauze, felt, rubber, nylon, polyester fiber or the like can be used. In general, it is carried out by rubbing several times using a cloth in which fibers having a uniform length and thickness are flocked on average.
- the composition is applied to the rubbing-treated surface of the alignment film to align the molecules of the liquid crystal compound. Then, if necessary, the alignment layer polymer is reacted with the polyfunctional monomer contained in the optically anisotropic layer, or the alignment layer polymer is crosslinked using a crosslinking agent to form the optically anisotropic layer. Can be formed.
- the thickness of the alignment film is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the in-plane retardation (Re) of the transparent support (polymer film) that supports the optically anisotropic layer is preferably 0 to 50 nm, more preferably 0 to 30 nm, and more preferably 0 to 10 nm. Is more preferable. The above range is preferable because light leakage of reflected light can be reduced to a level where it is not visually recognized.
- the retardation (Rth) in the thickness direction of the support is preferably selected depending on the combination with the optically anisotropic layer provided on or below the support. Thereby, it is possible to reduce the light leakage of the reflected light and the coloring when observed from an oblique direction.
- polystyrene resin films for example, cellulose triacetate film (refractive index 1.48), cellulose diacetate film, cellulose acetate butyrate film, cellulose acetate propionate film
- polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene
- Polyester resin film such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate
- polyethersulfone film polyacrylic resin film such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyurethane resin film, polyester film, polycarbonate film, polysulfone film, polyether film, polymethylpentene Film, polyetherketone film, (meth) acrylonitrile film
- polyolefin And polymers having an alicyclic structure (norbornene-based resin (Arton: trade name, manufactured by JSR Corporation, amorphous polyolefin (ZEONEX: trade name, manufactured by ZEON Corporation)), etc.
- triacetyl cellulose Polyethylene terephthalate
- the thickness of the transparent support may be about 10 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, preferably 10 ⁇ m to 80 ⁇ m, and more preferably 20 ⁇ m to 60 ⁇ m.
- the transparent support may be composed of a plurality of laminated layers. A thinner one is preferable for suppressing external light reflection, but if it is thinner than 10 ⁇ m, the strength of the film tends to be weak, which tends to be undesirable.
- surface treatment eg, glow discharge treatment, corona discharge treatment, ultraviolet light (UV) Treatment, flame treatment.
- An adhesive layer undercoat layer may be provided on the transparent support.
- the average particle diameter of the transparent support or the long transparent support is 10 to 100 nm in order to provide slippage in the transport process or to prevent the back surface and the surface from sticking after winding. It is preferable to use a polymer layer in which about 5% to 40% of a solid content of inorganic particles are mixed and formed on one side of the support by coating or co-casting with the support.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate having a laminated structure in which an optically anisotropic layer is provided on a support has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this aspect, and a single transparent support is used.
- a ⁇ / 4 plate may be laminated on one side.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate may be composed of a stretched polymer film (optically anisotropic support) alone or may be composed only of a liquid crystal film formed from a composition containing a liquid crystalline compound. Preferred examples of the liquid crystal film are the same as the preferred examples of the optically anisotropic layer.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate is continuously manufactured in the state of a long film.
- the slow axis angle of ⁇ / 4 is preferably 45 ° ⁇ 8 ° or 135 ° ⁇ 8 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the long film.
- the angle of the slow axis of the optically anisotropic layer can be adjusted by the rubbing angle. Further, when the ⁇ / 4 plate is formed from a stretched polymer film (optically anisotropic support), the angle of the slow axis can be adjusted by the stretching direction.
- the polarization separating member and the backlight side polarizer are arranged directly or adjacent to each other via an adhesive layer.
- the polarization separating member includes a first ⁇ / 4 plate, a light reflection layer formed by fixing a cholesteric liquid crystal phase, and a second ⁇ / 4 plate in this order in direct contact or via an adhesive layer. It is preferable to laminate them.
- Member integration reduces the thickness of the member, reduces interface reflection loss in the air space between the members, and eliminates display defects due to foreign matter mixing between members that may occur during or after the manufacture of a liquid crystal display device. Can do.
- a method for bonding these members As a method for bonding these members, a known method can be used. A light reflecting layer formed by fixing a cholesteric liquid crystal phase provided on the temporary support is laminated on the first ⁇ / 4 plate or the second ⁇ / 4 plate, and the temporary support is It is preferable to peel off as necessary to form a polarization separation member.
- a roll-to-panel manufacturing method can be used, which is preferable for improving productivity and yield.
- the roll-to-panel manufacturing method is described in JP2011-48381, JP2009-175653, JP4628488, JP4729647, WO2012 / 014602, WO2012 / 014571, and the like. It is not limited.
- an adhesive layer may be disposed between these members.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive that can be used in the present invention include, but are not limited to, acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives and polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesives.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive used for the adhesive layer examples include resins such as polyester resins, epoxy resins, polyurethane resins, silicone resins, and acrylic resins. You may use these individually or in mixture of 2 or more types.
- an acrylic resin is preferable because it is excellent in reliability such as water resistance, heat resistance, and light resistance, has good adhesion and transparency, and can easily adjust the refractive index to be compatible with a liquid crystal display.
- acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive acrylic acid and its esters, methacrylic acid and its esters, acrylamide, homopolymers of acrylic monomers such as acrylonitrile, or copolymers thereof, and at least one acrylic monomer, vinyl acetate
- copolymers with aromatic vinyl monomers such as maleic anhydride and styrene.
- main monomers such as ethylene acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, etc.
- monomers such as vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile, acrylamide, styrene, methacrylate, methyl acrylate, which are cohesive components, Functional group-containing monomers such as methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, itaconic acid, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, acrylamide, methylol acrylamide, glycidyl methacrylate, and maleic anhydride
- a Tg (glass transition point) in the range of ⁇ 60 ° C. to ⁇ 15 ° C. and a weight average molecular weight in the range of 200,000 to 1 million. Shall is preferable.
- the curing agent for example, a metal chelate-based, isocyanate-based, or epoxy-based crosslinking agent is used, if necessary, or a mixture of two or more. It is practically preferable that such an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive is blended so as to have an adhesive strength in the range of 100 to 2000 g / 25 mm in a state of containing a filler to be described later. If the adhesive force is less than 100 g / 25 mm, the environmental resistance is poor, and in particular, peeling may occur at high temperature and high humidity. Conversely, if it exceeds 200 g / 25 mm, re-attachment may not be possible or adhesive may remain even if it can be done. The problem arises.
- the refractive index of the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive (Method B according to JIS K-7142) is preferably in the range of 1.45 to 1.70, particularly preferably in the range of 1.5 to 1.65.
- the adhesive contains a filler for adjusting the refractive index.
- Fillers include inorganic white pigments such as silica, calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, clay, talc, and titanium dioxide, and organic transparent or white such as acrylic resin, polystyrene resin, polyethylene resin, epoxy resin, and silicone resin. A pigment etc. can be mention
- an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive silicon beads and epoxy resin beads are preferable because they are excellent in dispersibility with respect to the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive and provide a uniform and good refractive index.
- the filler is preferably a spherical filler with uniform light diffusion.
- the particle size (JIS B9921) of such a filler is in the range of 0.1 to 20.0 ⁇ m, preferably 1.0 to 10.0 ⁇ m. In particular, the range of 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m is preferable.
- the refractive index of the filler (Method B according to JIS K-7142) preferably has a difference of 0.05 to 0.5, more preferably 0.05 to 0.3, with respect to the refractive index of the adhesive. .
- the filler content in the diffusion adhesive layer is preferably 1.0 to 40.0% by mass, and particularly preferably 3.0 to 20% by mass.
- the polarizing plate of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention preferably includes a polarizer and a polarizing plate protective film disposed on either side of the polarizer, and protects the polarizer and two polarizing plates disposed on both sides thereof.
- a film hereinafter also referred to as a protective film
- a polarization separation member may be used as the polarizing plate protective film on the outer side of the backlight side polarizing plate, and the polarized light on the inner side of the backlight side polarizing plate.
- the plate protection film may not be used.
- the protective film is used to make the layer thinner in the present invention. Is preferably made thinner (60 ⁇ m or less, preferably 40 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 25 ⁇ m or less). It is more preferable to use a hard coat (20 ⁇ m or less, preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less) coated, dried and cured with a protective resin such as an acrylic resin. The use of a polarizer without a protective layer is more preferable for realizing a thinner layer.
- a retardation film is used in the case of a VA, IPS, TN, OCB mode liquid crystal display device.
- the IPS mode it is preferable to use an optical compensation film having substantially no phase difference, and it is preferable not to use a polarizing plate protective film on the inner side for realizing a thinner layer.
- the polarizer it is preferable to use a polymer film in which iodine is adsorbed and oriented.
- the polymer film is not particularly limited, and various types can be used.
- polyvinyl alcohol films, polyethylene terephthalate films, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer films, partially saponified films of these, hydrophilic polymer films such as cellulose films, polyvinyl alcohol dehydrated products and polychlorinated Examples include polyene-based oriented films such as vinyl dehydrochlorinated products.
- Polyvinyl alcohol or a derivative thereof is used as the material for the polyvinyl alcohol film.
- Derivatives of polyvinyl alcohol include polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl acetal and the like, olefins such as ethylene and propylene, unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and crotonic acid, alkyl esters thereof, acrylamide and the like. can give.
- the degree of polymerization of the polymer that is the material of the polymer film is generally 500 to 10,000, preferably in the range of 1000 to 6000, and more preferably in the range of 1400 to 4000. Furthermore, in the case of a saponified film, the degree of saponification is preferably 75 mol% or more, more preferably 98 mol% or more, for example, from the viewpoint of solubility in water, and more preferably 98.3 to 99.8 mol. % Is more preferable.
- the polymer film (unstretched film) is at least subjected to uniaxial stretching treatment and iodine dyeing treatment according to a conventional method. Furthermore, boric acid treatment and washing treatment can be performed. Further, the polymer film (stretched film) subjected to these treatments is dried according to a conventional method to become a polarizer.
- the stretching method in the uniaxial stretching process is not particularly limited, and either a wet stretching method or a dry stretching method can be employed.
- the stretching means of the dry stretching method include an inter-roll stretching method, a heated roll stretching method, and a compression stretching method. Stretching can also be performed in multiple stages.
- the unstretched film is usually heated.
- the stretch ratio of the stretched film can be appropriately set according to the purpose, but the stretch ratio (total stretch ratio) is about 2 to 8 times, preferably 3 to 7 times, more preferably 3.5 to 6.5 times. Is desirable.
- the iodine staining treatment is performed, for example, by immersing the polymer film in an iodine solution containing iodine and potassium iodide.
- the iodine solution is usually an iodine aqueous solution, and contains iodine and potassium iodide as a dissolution aid.
- the iodine concentration is about 0.01 to 1% by mass, preferably 0.02 to 0.5% by mass, and the potassium iodide concentration is about 0.01 to 10% by mass, and further 0.02 to 8% by mass. It is preferable to use it.
- the temperature of the iodine solution is usually about 20 to 50 ° C., preferably 25 to 40 ° C.
- the immersion time is usually about 10 to 300 seconds, preferably 20 to 240 seconds.
- the iodine content and potassium content in the polymer film are adjusted to be within the above ranges by adjusting the conditions such as the concentration of the iodine solution, the immersion temperature of the polymer film in the iodine solution, and the immersion time. To do.
- the iodine dyeing process may be performed at any stage before the uniaxial stretching process, during the uniaxial stretching process, or after the uniaxial stretching process.
- the iodine content of the polarizer is, for example, in the range of 2 to 5% by mass, preferably in the range of 2 to 4% by mass in consideration of optical characteristics.
- the polarizer preferably contains potassium.
- the potassium content is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 0.9% by mass, more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 0.8% by mass.
- a polarizing film having a preferable composite elastic modulus (Er) and a high degree of polarization can be obtained.
- the potassium can be contained, for example, by immersing a polymer film, which is a material for forming a polarizer, in a solution containing potassium. This solution may also serve as a solution containing iodine.
- drying treatment step a conventionally known drying method such as natural drying, blow drying, or heat drying can be used.
- the heating temperature is about 20 to 80 ° C.
- the drying time is about 1 to 10 minutes.
- stretch suitably also in this drying process process.
- the thickness of the polarizer is not particularly limited, and is usually 1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 3 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the single transmittance when measured with a single polarizer is preferably 43% or more, and more preferably in the range of 43.3 to 45.0%.
- the orthogonal transmittance measured by superposing two polarizers so that the absorption axes of the two polarizers are 90 ° to each other is smaller, and practically 0.00% or more. It is preferably 0.050% or less, and more preferably 0.030% or less.
- the degree of polarization is preferably 99.90% or more and 100% or less for practical use, and particularly preferably 99.93% or more and 100% or less. Even when measured as a polarizing plate, it is preferable to obtain optical characteristics substantially equivalent to this.
- thermoplastic resin excellent in transparency, mechanical strength, thermal stability, moisture barrier property, isotropy, and the like is used.
- thermoplastic resins include cellulose resins such as triacetyl cellulose, polyester resins, polyethersulfone resins, polysulfone resins, polycarbonate resins, polyamide resins, polyimide resins, polyolefin resins, (meth) acrylic resins, cyclic Examples thereof include polyolefin resins (norbornene resins), polyarylate resins, polystyrene resins, polyvinyl alcohol resins, and mixtures thereof.
- the backlight side polarizing plate has a polarizer and two polarizing plate protective films disposed on both surfaces of the polarizer, and the polarization on the outer side of the backlight side polarizing plate.
- a polarizing separation member is not used as the plate protective film, it is preferable that at least the polarizing plate protective film on the polarizing separation member side (opposite side of the liquid crystal cell) of the two polarizing plate protective films is a cellulose acylate film.
- Cellulose resin is an ester of cellulose and fatty acid.
- Specific examples of the cellulose ester resin include triacetyl cellulose, diacetyl cellulose, tripropyl cellulose, dipropyl cellulose, and the like. Among these, triacetyl cellulose is particularly preferable.
- Many products of triacetylcellulose are commercially available, which is advantageous in terms of availability and cost. Examples of commercially available products of triacetylcellulose include trade names “UV-50”, “UV-80”, “SH-80”, “TD-80U”, “TD-TAC”, “UZ” manufactured by Fuji Film Co., Ltd. -TAC "and” KC series "manufactured by Konica.
- cyclic polyolefin resin examples are preferably norbornene resins.
- the cyclic olefin-based resin is a general term for resins that are polymerized using a cyclic olefin as a polymerization unit, and is described in, for example, JP-A-1-240517, JP-A-3-14882, JP-A-3-122137, and the like. Resin.
- cyclic olefin ring-opening (co) polymers examples include cyclic olefin addition polymers, cyclic olefins and ⁇ -olefins such as ethylene and propylene (typically random copolymers), And the graft polymer which modified these with unsaturated carboxylic acid or its derivative (s), and those hydrides, etc. are mentioned.
- Specific examples of the cyclic olefin include norbornene monomers.
- cyclic polyolefin resins Various products are commercially available as cyclic polyolefin resins. Specific examples include the product names “ZEONEX” and “ZEONOR” manufactured by ZEON CORPORATION, the product name “ARTON” manufactured by JSR Corporation, the product name “TOPAS” manufactured by TICONA, and the product rules manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. “APEL” may be mentioned.
- any appropriate (meth) acrylic resin can be adopted as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- poly (meth) acrylate such as polymethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer, methyl methacrylate- (meth) acrylic acid ester copolymer, methyl methacrylate-acrylic acid ester- (Meth) acrylic acid copolymers, (meth) methyl acrylate-styrene copolymers (MS resin, etc.), polymers having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group (for example, methyl methacrylate-cyclohexyl methacrylate copolymer, And methyl methacrylate- (meth) acrylate norbornyl copolymer).
- Preferable examples include C1-6 alkyl poly (meth) acrylates such as poly (meth) acrylate methyl. More preferred is a methyl methacrylate resin containing methyl methacrylate as a main component (50 to 100% by mass, preferably 70 to 100% by mass).
- the (meth) acrylic resin examples include, for example, (Meth) acrylic resin having a ring structure in the molecule described in Acrypet VH and Acrypet VRL20A manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd., and JP-A-2004-70296. And a high Tg (meth) acrylic resin system obtained by intramolecular crosslinking or intramolecular cyclization reaction.
- (Meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure can also be used as the (meth) acrylic resin. It is because it has high mechanical strength by high heat resistance, high transparency, and biaxial stretching.
- the thickness of the protective film can be appropriately set, but is generally about 1 to 500 ⁇ m from the viewpoints of workability such as strength and handling, and thin layer properties. 1 to 300 ⁇ m is particularly preferable, and 5 to 200 ⁇ m is more preferable. The protective film is particularly suitable when the thickness is 5 to 150 ⁇ m.
- Re ( ⁇ ) and Rth ( ⁇ ) represent in-plane retardation at wavelength ⁇ and retardation in the thickness direction, respectively.
- Re ( ⁇ ) is measured with KOBRA 21ADH or WR (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.) by making light having a wavelength of ⁇ nm incident in the normal direction of the film.
- the wavelength selection filter can be exchanged manually, or the measurement value can be converted by a program or the like.
- Rth ( ⁇ ) is calculated by the following method.
- This measuring method is also partially used for measuring the average tilt angle of the discotic liquid crystalline compound molecules in the optically anisotropic layer described later on the alignment film side and the average tilt angle on the opposite side.
- Rth ( ⁇ ) is Re ( ⁇ ) with the in-plane slow axis (determined by KOBRA 21ADH or WR) as the tilt axis (rotation axis) (in the absence of the slow axis, in-film plane) Measure the light at a wavelength of ⁇ nm from each tilted direction in steps of 10 degrees from the normal direction to 50 ° on one side with respect to the film normal direction.
- KOBRA 21ADH or WR is calculated based on the measured retardation value, the assumed value of the average refractive index, and the input film thickness value.
- Re ( ⁇ ) represents a retardation value in a direction inclined by an angle ⁇ from the normal direction.
- nx represents the refractive index in the slow axis direction in the plane
- ny represents the refractive index in the direction orthogonal to nx in the plane
- nz is the direction orthogonal to nx and ny.
- d is the film thickness.
- Rth ( ⁇ ) is calculated by the following method.
- Rth ( ⁇ ) is Re ( ⁇ )
- the in-plane slow axis (determined by KOBRA 21ADH or WR) is the tilt axis (rotation axis).
- KOBRA 21ADH or WR is the tilt axis (rotation axis).
- the assumed value of the average refractive index the values in the polymer handbook (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) and catalogs of various optical films can be used. If the average refractive index is not known, it can be measured with an Abbe refractometer.
- the average refractive index values of main optical films are exemplified below: cellulose acylate (1.48), cycloolefin polymer (1.52), polycarbonate (1.59), polymethyl methacrylate (1.49), Polystyrene (1.59).
- visible light means 380 nm to 780 nm.
- a measurement wavelength is 550 nm.
- the angle for example, an angle such as “90 °”
- the relationship for example, “orthogonal”, “parallel”, “crossing at 45 °”, etc.
- the range of allowable error is included. For example, it means that the angle is within the range of strict angle ⁇ 10 °, and the error from the strict angle is preferably 5 ° or less, and more preferably 3 ° or less.
- the “slow axis” of a retardation film or the like means a direction in which the refractive index is maximized.
- numerical values, numerical ranges, and qualitative expressions for example, “equivalent”, “equal”, etc.) indicating optical characteristics of each member such as a retardation region, a retardation film, and a liquid crystal layer are used.
- “front” means a normal direction with respect to the display surface
- “front contrast (CR)” is calculated from white luminance and black luminance measured in the normal direction of the display surface.
- the “viewing angle contrast (CR)” is a white measured in an oblique direction inclined from the normal direction of the display surface (for example, a direction defined by a polar angle direction of 60 degrees with respect to the display surface). The contrast calculated from the luminance and the black luminance is assumed.
- an adhesive, a pressure-sensitive adhesive, or the like can be appropriately employed depending on the polarizer and the protective film.
- the adhesive and the adhesion treatment method are not particularly limited.
- the adhesive layer made of such an adhesive can be formed as an aqueous solution coating / drying layer, etc.
- a crosslinking agent In preparing the aqueous solution, a crosslinking agent, other additives, and a catalyst such as an acid are also blended as necessary. be able to.
- a polyvinyl alcohol polymer film is used as the polarizer, it is preferable from the viewpoint of adhesiveness to use an adhesive containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin.
- an adhesive containing a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin having an acetoacetyl group is more preferable from the viewpoint of improving durability.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin is not particularly limited, but preferably has an average degree of polymerization of about 100 to 3000 and an average degree of saponification of about 85 to 100 mol% from the viewpoint of adhesiveness.
- the concentration of the aqueous adhesive solution is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 15% by mass, and more preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer is preferably about 30 to 1000 nm, more preferably 50 to 300 nm in terms of the thickness after drying. If this thickness is too thin, the adhesive strength is insufficient, and if it is too thick, the probability of appearance problems increases.
- thermosetting resins such as (meth) acrylic, urethane-based, acrylurethane-based, epoxy-based, silicone-based, or ultraviolet curable resins can be used.
- the liquid crystal cell of a general structure includes, for example, a pair of substrates arranged opposite to each other and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates, and may include a color filter layer, if necessary.
- the driving mode of the liquid crystal cell is not particularly limited, and is twisted nematic (TN), super twisted nematic (STN), vertical alignment (VA), in-plane switching (IPS), optically compensated bend cell (OCB). Various modes such as can be used.
- the liquid crystal cell used in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is preferably a VA mode, an OCB mode, an IPS mode, or a TN mode, but is not limited thereto.
- a TN mode liquid crystal cell rod-like liquid crystal molecules are substantially horizontally aligned when no voltage is applied, and are twisted and aligned at 60 to 120 °.
- the TN mode liquid crystal cell is most frequently used as a color TFT liquid crystal display device, and is described in many documents.
- a VA mode liquid crystal cell rod-like liquid crystalline molecules are aligned substantially vertically when no voltage is applied.
- the VA mode liquid crystal cell includes: (1) a narrowly defined VA mode liquid crystal cell in which rod-like liquid crystalline molecules are aligned substantially vertically when no voltage is applied, and substantially horizontally when a voltage is applied (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 2-). 176625) (2) Liquid crystal cell (SID97, Digest of tech. Papers (Preliminary Proceed) 28 (1997) 845 in which the VA mode is converted into a multi-domain (MVA mode) for widening the viewing angle.
- VA mode liquid crystal cell includes: (1) a narrowly defined VA mode liquid crystal cell in which rod-like liquid crystalline molecules are aligned substantially vertically when no voltage is applied, and substantially horizontally when a voltage is applied (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 2-). 176625) (2) Liquid crystal cell (SID97, Digest of tech. Papers (Preliminary Proceed) 28 (1997) 845 in which the VA mode is converted into a multi-domain (MVA mode) for widening the
- a liquid crystal cell in which rod-like liquid crystalline molecules are aligned substantially vertically when no voltage is applied, and twisted multi-domain alignment is applied when a voltage is applied (Preliminary collections 58-59 (1998)) and (4) SURVIVAL mode liquid crystal cells (announced at LCD International 98).
- any of a PVA (Patterned Vertical Alignment) type, a photo-alignment type (Optical Alignment), and a PSA (Polymer-Stained Alignment) may be used. Details of these modes are described in JP-A-2006-215326 and JP-T 2008-538819.
- JP-A-10-54982, JP-A-11-202323, and JP-A-9-292522 are methods for reducing leakage light during black display in an oblique direction and improving the viewing angle using an optical compensation sheet. No. 11-133408, No. 11-305217, No. 10-307291, and the like.
- a liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal cell in which a liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between substrates provided with electrodes on at least one opposite side, and the liquid crystal cell is arranged between two polarizing plates.
- the liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal cell in which liquid crystal is sealed between upper and lower substrates, and displays an image by changing the alignment state of the liquid crystal by applying a voltage. Furthermore, it has an accompanying functional layer such as a polarizing plate protective film, an optical compensation member that performs optical compensation, and an adhesive layer as necessary.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention may include other members.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention may include other members.
- a surface layer such as an undercoat layer may be disposed.
- the pixel in the present invention can be formed using various known RGB pixel forming methods.
- a desired black matrix and R, G, and B pixel patterns can be formed on a glass substrate by using a photomask and a photoresist, and colored inks for R, G, and B pixels can be used.
- a black matrix having a predetermined width and an area (a concave portion surrounded by convex portions) divided by a black matrix wider than the width of the black matrix every n pieces using an inkjet printer It is also possible to produce a color filter composed of R, G, and B patterns by discharging the ink composition until the density reaches a predetermined density. After image coloring, each pixel and the black matrix may be completely cured by baking or the like. Preferred characteristics of the color filter are described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-083611 and the like, and the content of this publication is incorporated in the present invention.
- one wavelength is 590 nm to 610 nm and the other wavelength is 470 nm to 500 nm in the color filter showing green.
- one wavelength of the color filter exhibiting green has a transmittance that is half of the maximum transmittance is 590 nm to 600 nm.
- the maximum transmittance of the color filter showing green is 80% or more.
- the wavelength having the maximum transmittance is preferably 530 nm or more and 560 nm or less.
- the light source of the light source unit preferably has an emission peak wavelength in the wavelength region of 600 nm to 700 nm that is 620 nm to 650 nm.
- the light source included in the light source unit has a light emission peak in a wavelength region of 600 nm to 700 nm.
- the transmittance at the wavelength of the light emission peak is preferably 10% or less of the maximum transmittance.
- the color filter exhibiting red color preferably has a transmittance of 580 nm or more and 590 nm or less of 10% or less of the maximum transmittance.
- color filter pigment blue is C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15: 6 and complementary pigment C.I. I. Pigment Violet 23 is used. In red, C.I. I. Pigment Red 254 as a complementary color C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 139 is used.
- green pigment C.I. I. Pigment Green 36 (copper bromide phthalocyanine green), C.I. I. Pigment Green 7 (copper chloride phthalocyanine green) as a complementary color pigment C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 150 or C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 138 or the like is used. It can be controlled by adjusting the composition of these pigments.
- the half-value wavelength on the long wavelength side can be set in the range of 590 nm to 600 nm.
- pigments are generally used.
- color filters using dyes may be used as long as they are pigments that can control spectroscopy and ensure process stability and reliability.
- Black matrix In the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, a black matrix is disposed between each pixel.
- the material for forming the black stripe include a material using a sputtered film of a metal such as chromium, and a light-shielding photosensitive composition in which a photosensitive resin and a black colorant are combined.
- the black colorant include carbon black, titanium carbon, iron oxide, titanium oxide, graphite, and the like. Among these, carbon black is preferable.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention preferably further includes a TFT substrate having a thin layer transistor (hereinafter also referred to as TFT).
- the thin film transistor preferably includes an oxide semiconductor layer having a carrier concentration of less than 1 ⁇ 10 14 / cm 3 .
- a preferred embodiment of the thin layer transistor is described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-141522, and the content of this publication is incorporated in the present invention.
- Example 1 ⁇ Manufacture of polarized light separating member> (Formation of the first ⁇ / 4 plate)
- a first ⁇ / 4 plate (B narrow plate) is formed on a commercially available cellulose acylate film “TD60” (manufactured by Fuji Film) using a discotic liquid crystalline compound. Band ⁇ / 4 plate).
- the obtained first ⁇ / 4 plate had Re (450) of 112 nm, Re (550) of 93 nm, and a film thickness of 2.2 ⁇ m.
- the reflection center wavelength was 450 nm
- the half-value width was 100 nm
- the film thickness was 2.5 ⁇ m.
- Second ⁇ / 4 plate (B narrow plate) is formed on a commercially available cellulose acylate film “TD60” (manufactured by Fuji Film) using a discotic liquid crystalline compound. (Band ⁇ / 4 plate) was prepared.
- the obtained second ⁇ / 4 plate had Re (450) of 112 nm, Re (550) of 93 nm, and a film thickness of 2.2 ⁇ m. Only the second ⁇ / 4 plate using the discotic liquid crystalline compound formed above was peeled off from the support and transferred onto the light reflecting layer formed by fixing the cholesteric liquid crystal phase produced above. .
- the polarized light separating member having the obtained first ⁇ / 4 plate, the light reflection layer formed by fixing the cholesteric liquid crystal phase, and the second ⁇ / 4 plate was used as the polarized light separating film 1.
- the total thickness of the polarization separation film 1 was 7 ⁇ m.
- ⁇ Preparation of polarizing plate 1> A commercially available cellulose acylate film “TD60” (manufactured by FUJIFILM Corporation) was used as a front side polarizing plate protective film for the backlight side polarizing plate.
- TD60 cellulose acylate film
- As the rear-side polarizing plate protective film for the backlight-side polarizing plate a film obtained by laminating the polarization separation film 1 on a cellulose acylate film “TD60” (manufactured by Fuji Film Co., Ltd.) was used.
- a polarizer is manufactured in the same manner as [0219] to [0220] of JP-A-2006-293275, and the two polarizing plate protective films are bonded to both sides of the polarizer to manufacture the polarizing plate 1. did.
- Quantum rod 1 that emits green light with a center wavelength of 540 nm and a half-value width of 40 nm when blue light from a blue light-emitting diode is incident, and quantum rod 2 that emits red light with a center wavelength of 645 nm and a half-value width of 30 nm.
- the shape of the quantum rods 1 and 2 was a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and the average length of the long axes of the quantum rods was 30 nm. In addition, the average of the length of the long axis of a quantum rod was confirmed with the transmission electron microscope.
- the quantum rod sheet 1 in which the quantum rods were dispersed was produced by the following method.
- a sheet of isophthalic acid copolymerized polyethylene terephthalate (hereinafter referred to as “amorphous PET”) in which 6 mol% of isophthalic acid was copolymerized was prepared.
- the glass transition temperature of amorphous PET is 75 ° C.
- a laminate composed of an amorphous PET substrate and a quantum rod alignment layer was prepared as follows.
- the quantum rod alignment layer includes quantum rods 1 and 2 produced using polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter referred to as “PVA”) as a matrix.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- the glass transition temperature of PVA is 80 ° C.
- a PVA aqueous solution containing a quantum rod containing PVA powder having a polymerization degree of 1000 or more and a saponification degree of 99% or more in a concentration of 4 to 5%, and 1% each of the quantum rods 1 and 2 prepared above was prepared.
- An amorphous PET substrate having a thickness of 200 ⁇ m was prepared.
- a quantum rod-containing PVA aqueous solution is applied to the above-mentioned 200 ⁇ m-thick amorphous PET substrate, dried at a temperature of 50 to 60 ° C., and a 25 ⁇ m-thick quantum rod-containing PVA layer is formed on the amorphous PET substrate.
- This laminate of amorphous PET and quantum rod-containing PVA is called a quantum rod sheet 1.
- the produced quantum rod sheet 1 was stretched uniaxially at a free end so as to be stretched by a stretching apparatus provided in an oven set to a stretching temperature environment of 130 ° C. so that the stretching ratio was 3 times.
- the quantum rod-containing PVA layer in the stretched laminate was changed to a 15 ⁇ m-thick quantum rod-containing PVA layer in which the PVA molecules were aligned and the quantum rods were aligned accordingly.
- This will be referred to as a quantum rod alignment sheet 1.
- the long axis orientation state of the quantum rod was confirmed with a transmission electron microscope.
- the obtained quantum rod alignment sheet 1 and the polarizing plate 1 produced in Production Example 1 were bonded together using an acrylic adhesive having a refractive index of 1.47.
- a commercially available liquid crystal display device (manufactured by Panasonic, trade name TH-L42D2) was disassembled, and the backlight side polarizing plate was changed to the polarizing plate 1 disposed on the rear side of the polarizing separation film 1 manufactured as described above, and polarized light separation was performed.
- the quantum rod alignment sheet 1 manufactured above was arrange
- the used B narrow band backlight unit includes a blue light emitting diode (Nichia B-LED: Royal Blue, main wavelength 445 nm, half-value width 20 nm, hereinafter also referred to as B light source) as a light source.
- a reflection member that reflects light emitted from the light source and reflected by the optical sheet member is provided at the rear of the light source.
- Example 2 A prism sheet was manufactured with reference to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-199001.
- the liquid crystal display device of Example 2 was manufactured in the same manner as Example 1 except that the prism sheet manufactured above was disposed between the polarization separation film 1 and the quantum rod alignment sheet 1. .
- a commercially available liquid crystal display device (manufactured by Panasonic Corporation, product name TH-L42D2) was disassembled, and the polarizing plate 1 manufactured in Production Example 1 was used as a backlight side polarizing plate, and a dielectric multilayer film (RGB) (trade name DBEF, The liquid crystal display device of Reference Example 1 was manufactured by separating and arranging the film manufactured by 3M Company, having a film thickness of 25 ⁇ m, between the backlight side polarizing plate and the backlight unit without providing an adhesive layer.
- the dielectric multilayer film (RGB) had a reflectivity having a flat peak with respect to the wavelength which was substantially constant from 450 to 550 to 630 nm in the blue to green to red region.
- the white backlight light source (hereinafter also referred to as W light source) of this liquid crystal display device had a blue light emission peak wavelength of 450 nm.
- a narrow-band monochromatic dielectric multilayer film (B) prepared by the following method was bonded to the polarizing plate 1 produced in Production Example 1 using the same adhesive as in Example 1.
- B narrow band monochromatic dielectric multilayer film (B) is disclosed in IDW / AD '12, p. With reference to 985 to 988 (2012), the total thickness is changed as shown in Table 1 below, the reflection center wavelength of the peak of the maximum reflectance in the wavelength band corresponding to blue light is 465 nm, and the half width is It was manufactured to be 30 nm.
- Example 1 In the production of the liquid crystal display device of Example 1, it was carried out except that the laminate of the polarizing plate 1 produced above and the monochromatic dielectric multilayer film (B) was used instead of the laminate of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarization separation film 1.
- a liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 1 was produced in the same manner as Example 1.
- Comparative Example 2 In the production of the liquid crystal display device of Example 1, the liquid crystal of Comparative Example 2 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polarizing plate 1 produced above was used instead of the laminate of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarization separation film 1. A display device was manufactured.
- the front luminance (white luminance) of the liquid crystal display device was measured by the method described in [0180] of JP-A-2009-93166. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention had improved front luminance and color reproduction range.
- the front luminance and color reproduction range could be improved by using a thinned member with fewer parts than the configuration of Reference Example 1 using DBEF as a conventionally known white light source and polarization separation member. It was.
- Comparative Example 1 it was found that the front luminance was low when a dielectric multilayer film of B narrow band was used instead of the polarization separation member satisfying the configuration of the present invention. From Comparative Example 2, it was found that the front luminance was low when the polarization separation member satisfying the configuration of the present invention was not used.
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Abstract
Description
近年の液晶表示装置において、LCD性能改善として省電力化、高精細化、色再現性向上のための開発が進んでおり、特にタブレットPCやスマートフォンなどの小型サイズで顕著に省電力化、高精細化、色再現性向上が求められているのが現状だが、大型サイズにおいても現行のTV規格(FHD、NTSC(National Television System Committee)比72%≒EBU(European Broadcasting Union)比100%)の次世代ハイビジョン(4K2K、EBU比100%以上)の開発が進められている。そのため、液晶表示装置の省電力化、高精細化、色再現性向上がますます求められている。
このような部材として、バックライトとバックライト側偏光板の間に特定の光学シート部材(DBEF(登録商標、Dual Brightness Enhancement Film、二重輝度向上フィルム)など)を組合せる事で、光リサイクルによりBLの光利用率を向上させ、バックライトを省電力化しつつ、その輝度を向上させる技術が知られている(特許文献1参照)。同様に特許文献2には、λ/4板とコレステリック液晶相を積層した構成の偏光板、コレステリック液晶相のピッチの異なる3層以上のコレステリック液晶相を固定してなる層での広帯域化により、光リサイクルでBLの光利用率を向上させる技術が記載されている。
しかし、このような光学シート部材は部材構成が複雑であり、市場に普及するためには、より部材の機能統合を進めた部材点数低減での低コスト化が必須となっている。
省電力化に必要なBL光利用率改善と、高精細(開口率低下)及び色再現性向上(カラーフィルター(以下、CFとも言う)透過率低下)がトレードオフの関係であり、光利用率改善と色再現性を両立するために、新規な部材構成の液晶表示装置を提供することが本発明の解決しようとする課題である。また、より部材の機能統合を進めた部材点数低減による低コスト化も本発明の目的である。
すなわち、上記課題は、以下の構成の本発明によって解決される。
バックライトユニットが430~480nmの波長帯域に発光中心波長を有する無偏光の青色光を発光する光源を備え;
偏光分離部材が、この偏光分離部材の法線方向から入射する無偏光の青色光を互いに直交する振動方向の直線偏光である青色の透過光と青色の反射光に分離し、500~600nmの波長帯域のうち少なくとも一部の光を透過し、600~650nmの波長帯域のうち少なくとも一部の光を透過し;
光変換部材が、前述の光変換部材に入射する青色光によって、500~600nmの波長帯域に発光中心波長を有し、かつ直線偏光である緑色光、および、600~650nmの波長帯域に発光中心波長を有し、かつ直線偏光である赤色光、を発光する蛍光材料を含み;
バックライト側偏光子の透過軸が、上述の緑色光および上述の赤色光の振動方向と平行である液晶表示装置。
[2] [1]に記載の液晶表示装置は、前述の偏光分離部材が、第1のλ/4板、コレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層および第2のλ/4板をこの順に有し;
前述のコレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層が430~480nmの波長帯域に反射中心波長を有し、反射中心波長において右円偏光および左円偏光のうち一方を反射して他の一方を透過し、500~600nmの波長帯域のうち少なくとも一部の光を透過し、600~650nmの波長帯域のうち少なくとも一部の光を透過し;
前述の第1のλ/4板および第2のλ/4板の遅相軸が直交し、
前述の第1のλ/4板および第2のλ/4板の前述の無偏光の青色光の発光中心波長における面内方向のレターデーションが互いに等しく、
前述の第1のλ/4板および第2のλ/4板がかつ下記式(1)を満たすことが好ましい。
式(1) Re(λ) = λ/4 ± 10nm
(式(1)中、λは無偏光の青色光の発光中心波長(単位:nm)を表し、Re(λ)は波長λnmにおける面内方向のレターデーション(単位:nm)を表す。)
[3] [1]または[2]に記載の液晶表示装置は、蛍光材料が少なくとも量子ドットを含むことが好ましい。
[4] [3]に記載の液晶表示装置は、量子ドットが、楕円体形状または直方体形状の量子ロッドであることが好ましい。
[5] [4]に記載の液晶表示装置は、量子ロッドの長軸方向が、バックライト側偏光子の透過軸と平行な方向に配向されてなることが好ましい。
[6] [1]~[5]のいずれか一つに記載の液晶表示装置は、光変換部材が発光する緑色光と赤色光が、いずれも半値幅が100nm以下である発光強度のピークを有することが好ましい。
[7] [1]~[6]のいずれか一つに記載の液晶表示装置は、バックライトユニット全体が面光源であることが好ましい。
[8] [2]~[7]のいずれか一つに記載の液晶表示装置は、バックライトユニットが発光する無偏光の青色光の発光中心波長が440~460nmの波長帯域にあり、
コレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層の反射中心波長が440~460nmの波長帯域にあり、
バックライトユニットが発光する無偏光の青色光の発光中心波長とコレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層の反射中心波長が一致することが好ましい。
[9] [1]~[8]のいずれか一つに記載の液晶表示装置は、バックライトユニットが発光する無偏光の青色光が、半値幅が100nm以下である発光強度のピークを有することが好ましい。
[10] [1]~[9]のいずれか一つに記載の液晶表示装置は、偏光分離部材およびバックライト側偏光子が直接または接着層を介して隣接して配置されたことが好ましい。
[11] [1]~[10]のいずれか一つに記載の液晶表示装置は、バックライト側偏光子の両表面に配置された2枚の偏光板保護フィルムを有し、
2枚の偏光板保護フィルムのうち少なくとも偏光分離部材側の偏光板保護フィルムがセルロースアシレートフィルムであることが好ましい。
[12] [1]~[11]のいずれか一つに記載の液晶表示装置は、さらに輝度向上フィルムが配置されたことが好ましい。
[13] [1]~[12]のいずれか一つに記載の液晶表示装置は、バックライトユニットが反射部材を備えることが好ましい。
以下に記載する構成要件の説明は、本発明の代表的な実施態様に基づいてなされることがあるが、本発明はそのような実施態様に限定されるものではない。なお、本明細書において「~」を用いて表される数値範囲は、「~」の前後に記載される数値を下限値および上限値として含む範囲を意味する。
本明細書中、ピークの「半値幅」とは、ピーク高さ1/2でのピークの幅のことを言う。無偏光とは、偏光特性を持たない光である。
本発明の液晶表示装置は、バックライトユニット、光変換部材、偏光分離部材、バックライト側偏光子、液晶セルおよび表示側偏光板がこの順で配置され;バックライトユニットが430~480nmの波長帯域に発光中心波長を有する無偏光の青色光を発光する光源を備え;偏光分離部材が、偏光分離部材の法線方向から入射する無偏光の青色光を互いに直交する振動方向の直線偏光である青色の透過光と青色の反射光に分離し、500~600nmの波長帯域のうち少なくとも一部の光を透過し、600~650nmの波長帯域のうち少なくとも一部の光を透過し;光変換部材が、この光変換部材に入射する青色光によって、500~600nmの波長帯域に発光中心波長を有し、かつ直線偏光である緑色光、および、600~650nmの波長帯域に発光中心波長を有し、かつ直線偏光である赤色光、を発光する蛍光材料を含み;バックライト側偏光子の透過軸が、上述の緑色光および上述の赤色光の振動方向と平行であることを特徴とする。
このような構成により、本発明の液晶表示装置は正面輝度および色再現域が改善され、部材点数の削減による部材厚さの薄層化もできる。バックライト側偏光子の透過軸が、上述の緑色光および上述の赤色光の振動方向と平行であるため、(好ましくは青色の透過光、)上述の緑色光および上述の赤色光はいずれもバックライト側偏光子を透過することができ、無偏光の青色光の液晶セルよりもバックライト側での吸収を抑制して光利用率を高めることができる。
図1~図3に、本発明の液晶表示装置の概略図を示した。
図1~図3に示した本発明の液晶表示装置51は、バックライトユニット31、光変換部材16、偏光分離部材5、バックライト側偏光子3、液晶セル42および表示側偏光板44を含む。
偏光分離部材5の具体的な構成としては、図1~図3に示した第1のλ/4板12a、コレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層14および第2のλ/4板12bをこの順に有する構成が好ましい。このとき、第1のλ/4板12aおよび第2のλ/4板12bの遅相軸が直交し、第1のλ/4板12aおよび第2のλ/4板12bの無偏光の青色光の発光中心波長における面内方向のレターデーションが互いに等しい。但し、偏光分離部材5は、図1~図3に示した構成に限定されるものではない。
第1のλ/4板12a、コレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層14および第2のλ/4板12bをこの順に有する構成では、この偏光分離部材5の法線方向から入射する無偏光の青色光32は、第2のλ/4板12bを通過するときに右円偏光および左円偏光に変換される。第2のλ/4板12bを通過した右円偏光および左円偏光の青色光(不図示)は、コレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層14によって右円偏光および左円偏光のうち一方(例えば右円偏光)を反射して他の一方(例えば左円偏光)を透過する。コレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層14によって反射された一方の円偏光(例えば右円偏光)はさらに第2のλ/4板12bを通過することによって直線偏光の青色の反射光34となって光変換部材16に進み、コレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層14を透過した他の一方の円偏光(例えば左円偏光)はさらに第1のλ/4板12aを通過することによって直線偏光の青色の透過光33となってバックライト側偏光子3に進む。
このとき、第1のλ/4板12aおよび第2のλ/4板12bの遅相軸が直交するため、青色の反射光34と青色の透過光33は偏光方向が互いに直交した振動方向の直線偏光となる。図1~3中では、青色の透過光33は振動方向が紙面に平行方向の直線偏光となり、青色の反射光34は振動方向が紙面に垂直方向の直線偏光である態様を示した。青色の透過光33と偏光方向が同一方向の直線偏光である緑色光35および青色の透過光33と偏光方向が同一方向の直線偏光である赤色光36は、例えば第1のλ/4板および第2のλ/4板が緑色光と赤色光の波長帯域においてもλ/4板として機能する場合、第2のλ/4板12bを通過することによって一方の円偏光(例えば右円偏光)に変換され、コレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層14を透過し、第2のλ/4板12bと遅相軸が直交する第1のλ/4板12aを通過することによって偏光方向が一方の円偏光(例えば右円偏光)から元の偏光方向である直線偏光に変換され、バックライト側偏光子3に進む。なお、青色の透過光33と偏光方向が同一方向の直線偏光である緑色光35および青色の透過光33と偏光方向が同一方向の直線偏光である赤色光36は、逆に第1のλ/4板および第2のλ/4板が緑色光と赤色光の波長帯域においてもλ/4板として機能しない場合も第1のλ/4板および第2のλ/4板の面内方向のレターデーションが同じであれば、第1のλ/4板および第2のλ/4板による偏光状態の変化は相殺されて打消し合い(キャンセルされ)、元の偏光方向である直線偏光に変換され、バックライト側偏光子3に進む。
バックライト側偏光子3の透過軸が、青色の透過光33、上述の緑色光35および上述の赤色光36の振動方向と平行であるため、青色の透過光33、上述の緑色光35および上述の赤色光36はバックライト側偏光子3を透過することができる。
本発明の液晶表示装置は、バックライトユニットが430~480nmの波長帯域に発光中心波長を有する無偏光の青色光を発光する光源を備える。
バックライトとしては、導光板や反射板などを構成部材とするエッジライト方式であっても、直下型方式であっても構わないが、本発明の液晶表示装置は、バックライトユニット全体が面光源であることが好ましい。本発明の液晶表示装置は、バックライトユニットが光源またはエッジライト方式の場合は導光板の後部に、光源から発光されて偏光分離部材で反射された光の反射(繰り返しの再帰反射)をする反射部材(導光器、光共振器と言われることもある)を備えることが好ましい。反射部材は、液晶表示装置の明るさを向上させることができればよく、光源から発光されて偏光分離部材で反射された光の偏光状態がその方向および偏光状態をランダム化され再循環されるものであってもよい。このような反射部材としては特に制限は無く、公知のものを用いることができ、特許3416302号、特許3363565号、特許4091978号、特許3448626号などに記載されており、これらの公報の内容は本発明に組み込まれる。
本発明の液晶表示装置は、バックライトユニットの光源は、青色光を発光する青色発光ダイオードを有することが好ましい。
このような青色用波長選択フィルタとしては特に制限は無く、公知のものを用いることができ、特開2008-52067号公報などに記載されており、この公報の内容は本発明に組み込まれる。
本発明の液晶表示装置は、バックライトユニットが発光する無偏光の青色光が、半値幅が100nm以下である発光強度のピークを有することが好ましく、半値幅が80nm以下である発光強度のピークを有することがより好ましく、半値幅が70nm以下である発光強度のピークを有することが特に好ましい。
本発明の液晶表示装置は、バックライトユニットが発光する無偏光の青色光の発光中心波長と、偏光分離部材に含まれるコレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層の反射中心波長が一致することが好ましい。本明細書中、2つの波長が「一致」するとは、2つの波長が完全に波長が一致する場合に限定されるものではなく、2つの波長が光学的に許容し得る程度のズレを有している場合も含む。バックライトユニットが発光する無偏光の青色光の発光中心波長と、偏光分離部材に含まれるコレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層の反射中心波長との差は、50nm以内であることが好ましく、20nm以内であることがより好ましく、10nm以内であることが特に好ましい。
本発明の液晶表示装置は光変換部材を含み、この光変換部材に入射する青色光によって、500~600nmの波長帯域に発光中心波長を有し、かつ直線偏光である緑色光、および、600~650nmの波長帯域に発光中心波長を有し、かつ直線偏光である赤色光、を発光する蛍光材料を含む。
光変換部材が直線偏光を出射するためには、光変換部材が配向されてなることが望ましい。
本発明の液晶表示装置は、光変換部材が発光する緑色光と赤色光が、いずれも半値幅が100nm以下である発光強度のピークを有することが好ましく、半値幅が80nm以下である発光強度のピークを有することがより好ましく、半値幅が70nm以下である発光強度のピークを有することが特に好ましい。
また、有機の蛍光材料も用いることができ、例えば、特開2001-174636号公報、特開2001-174809号公報などに記載蛍光材料を用いることができる。
蛍光材料を有する光変換部材としては、量子ドットシート、量子ドット材料を分散させた後に延伸されてなる熱可塑性フィルム、または、量子ドット材料を分散させた接着層であることが好ましい。
蛍光材料を有する光変換部材が、量子ドット材料を分散させた接着層である場合、このような接着層としては特に制限は無く、特開2012-169271号公報、SID’12 DIGEST p.895、特開2001-174636号公報、特開2001-174809号公報、特表2010-532005号公報などに記載の量子ドット材料などを公知の接着層に分散させたものを用いることができる。
このような楕円体形状または直方体形状の量子ロッドとしては特に制限は無く、米国特許7303628号、論文(Peng, X. G.; Manna, L.; Yang, W. D.; Wickham, j.; Scher, E.; Kadavanich, A.; Alivisatos, A. P. Nature 2000, 404, 59-61)及び論文(Manna, L.; Scher, E. C.; Alivisatos, A. P. j. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 12700-12706)などに記載の楕円体形状または直方体形状の量子ロッドを用いることができ、これらの文献の内容は本発明に組み込まれる。量子ロッドの形状の確認方法としては特に制限は無く、透過型電子顕微鏡を用いて確認することができる。
本発明の液晶表示装置は、量子ロッドの長軸方向がバックライト側偏光子の透過軸と平行な方向に配向されてなることが、光変換部材への入射光の直線偏光の振動方向によらず一定の所望の振動方向(バックライト側偏光子の透過軸と平行な方向)の直線偏光の光を発光でき、好ましい。量子ロッドの長軸方向の確認方法としては特に制限は無く、透過型電子顕微鏡を用いて確認することができる。
量子ロッドの長軸方向をバックライト側偏光子の透過軸と平行な方向に配向させる方法としては特に制限はないが、例えば以下の方法を挙げることができる。
蛍光材料を有する光変換部材が、量子ロッド材料を分散させた後に延伸されてなる熱可塑性フィルムを用いることができ、このような熱可塑性フィルムとしては特に制限は無く、公知のものを用いることができるが、例えば特開2001-174636号公報、特開2001-174809号公報などに記載されており、これらの文献の内容は本発明に組み込まれる。
本発明の液晶表示装置は、偏光分離部材が、この偏光分離部材の法線方向から入射する無偏光の青色光を同じ互いに直交する振動方向の直線偏光である青色の透過光と青色の反射光に分離し、500~600nmの波長帯域のうち少なくとも一部の光を透過し、600~650nmの波長帯域のうち少なくとも一部の光を透過させる。すなわち、430~480nmの波長帯域のうち、少なくともバックライトユニットから発光された430~480nmの波長帯域に発光中心波長を有する無偏光の青色光に対して偏光分離機能を奏し、500~650nmの波長帯域の光に対して偏光分離機能を奏さないことが好ましい。
偏光分離部材が500~600nmのうち少なくとも一部の波長帯域の光を透過するとは、500~600nmの全波長帯域において透過率が100%である態様に限定されるものではなく、液晶表示装置において光学的に許容される程度に500~600nmの波長帯域中の所望の波長での透過率が高ければよい。具体的には、偏光分離部材が、光変換部材から発光された500~600nmの波長帯域に発光中心波長を有し、かつ(好ましくは青色の反射光と同じ振動方向の直線偏光である)緑色光の少なくとも一部を透過することが好ましく、上述の緑色光の発光中心波長の光を透過することがより好ましく、上述の緑色光の発光ピークの全部を透過することが特に好ましい。偏光分離部材は、500~600nmの波長帯域において最大の反射率のピークが20%以下であることが好ましく、500~600nmの波長帯域において最大の反射率のピークが10%以下であることがより好ましく、500~600nmの波長帯域において最大の反射率のピークが5%以下であることが特に好ましい。
偏光分離部材が600~650nmのうち少なくとも一部の波長帯域の光を透過するとは、600~650nmの全波長帯域において透過率が100%である態様に限定されるものではなく、液晶表示装置において光学的に許容される程度に600~650nmの波長帯域中の所望の波長での透過率が高ければよい。具体的には、偏光分離部材が、光変換部材から発光された600~650nmの波長帯域に発光中心波長を有し、かつ(好ましくは青色の反射光と同じ振動方向の直線偏光である)赤色光の少なくとも一部を透過することが好ましく、上述の赤色光の発光中心波長の光を透過することがより好ましく、上述の赤色光の発光ピークの全部を透過することが特に好ましい。偏光分離部材は、600~650nmの波長帯域において最大の反射率のピークが20%以下であることが好ましく、600~650nmの波長帯域において最大の反射率のピークが10%以下であることがより好ましく、600~650nmの波長帯域において最大の反射率のピークが5%以下であることが特に好ましい。
偏光分離部材は、この偏光分離部材に入射した500~650nmの波長帯域の光の偏光状態とこの偏光分離部材から出射される500~650nmの波長帯域の光の偏光状態が実質的に同じとなることが好ましく、具体的にはこの偏光分離部材に入射した500~650nmの波長帯域の直線偏光の振動方向とこの偏光分離部材から出射される500~650nmの波長帯域の直線偏光の振動方向が平行であることが好ましい。ただし、偏光分離部材に入射した光と出射される光の偏光状態が実質的に同じとなれば、偏光分離部材を通過している途中でこの偏光分離部材に入射した500~650nmの波長帯域の光の偏光状態が変化してもよく、例えば偏光分離部材の内部で遅相軸が直交する2枚のλ/4板を通過させてもよい。
式(1) Re(λ) = λ/4 ± 10nm
(式(1)中、λは無偏光の青色光の発光中心波長(単位:nm)を表し、Re(λ)は波長λnmにおける面内方向のレターデーション(単位:nm)を表す。)
以下、このような態様の偏光分離部材について説明する。
コレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層は、430~480nmの波長帯域に反射中心波長を有し、反射中心波長において右円偏光および左円偏光のうち一方を反射して他の一方を透過し、500~600nmの波長帯域のうち少なくとも一部の光を透過し、600~650nmの波長帯域のうち少なくとも一部の光を透過することが好ましい。
偏光分離部材の膜厚を薄くする観点から、偏光分離部材はコレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層を一層のみ有することが好ましく、すなわちその他のコレステリック液晶相を固定してなる層を有さないことが好ましい。なお、反射中心波長において右円偏光および左円偏光のうち一方を反射して他の一方を透過する限りは、偏光分離部材がコレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層を2層以上有していてもよいが、その場合は2層以上のコレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層が反射することができる円偏光の方向を同一方向とすれば反射中心波長において右円偏光および左円偏光のうち一方を反射して他の一方を透過させることができる。
コレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層の反射中心波長における反射率のピークの半値幅は100nm以下であることが好ましく、この反射率のピークの半値幅が80nm以下であることがより好ましく、この反射率のピークの半値幅が70nm以下であることが特に好ましい。
本発明の液晶表示装置は、コレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層の反射中心波長が440~460nmの波長帯域にあり、バックライトユニットが発光する無偏光の青色光の発光中心波長とコレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層の反射中心波長が一致することが好ましい。
500~600nmの波長帯域の光を透過させることができるコレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層を調製する方法としては、430~480nmの波長帯域に反射中心波長を有するコレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層の反射中心波長における反射率のピークの半値幅を小さくする方法を挙げられる。
以下、特開平8-271731号公報に記載の方法について説明する。
第1のλ/4板および第2のλ/4板の遅相軸が直交する。
バックライト側偏光子の透過軸方向のいずれか一方を基準にして、第1のλ/4板の遅相軸が45°の方向となり、第2のλ/4板の遅相軸が135°の方向に配置されることが好ましい。
第1のλ/4板は、第1のλ/4板を透過した直線偏光の方向が、バックライト側偏光子の透過軸方向と平行となるよう積層される。
式(1) Re(λ) = λ/4 ± 10nm
(式(1)中、λは無偏光の青色光の発光中心波長(単位:nm)を表し、Re(λ)は波長λnmにおける面内方向のレターデーション(単位:nm)を表す。)
式(1)を満たすλ/4板は、下記式(1’)を満たすことがより好ましく、下記式(1’’)を満たすことが特に好ましい。
式(1’) Re(λ) = λ/4 ± 5nm
式(1’’) Re(λ) = λ/4 ± 2nm
(式(1’)および(1’’)中、λは無偏光の青色光の発光中心波長(単位:nm)を表し、Re(λ)は波長λnmにおける面内方向のレターデーション(単位:nm)を表す。)
なお、第1のλ/4板および第2のλ/4板の無偏光の青色光の発光中心波長における面内方向のレターデーションが「互いに等しい」とは、レターデーションが完全に等しい場合に限定されるものではなく、レターデーションが光学的に許容し得る程度のズレを有している場合も含む。第1のλ/4板および第2のλ/4板の無偏光の青色光の発光中心波長における面内方向のレターデーションの差は、20nm以内であることが好ましく、10nm以内であることがより好ましく、5nm以内であることが特に好ましく、2nmであることがより特に好ましい。
一方、第1のλ/4板および第2のλ/4板は、500~600nmの波長帯域および600~650nmの波長帯域において、λ/4板としての機能を奏していても、奏していなくてもよい。ただし、第1のλ/4板および第2のλ/4板は、光変換部材から発光された緑色光の発光中心波長における面内方向のレターデーションが互いに等しいことが好ましく、光変換部材から発光された赤色光の発光中心波長における面内方向のレターデーションが互いに等しいことが好ましい。このような構成とすることにより、第1のλ/4板および第2のλ/4板による500~600nmの波長帯域および600~650nmの波長帯域の光への偏光状態の変化は相殺されて打消し合う(キャンセルされる)。
第1のλ/4板および第2のλ/4板は、2枚の同一のλ/4板を、遅相軸の方向が直交するように配置して用いることが、製造コスト低減の観点およびレターデーションを一致させやすい観点から特に好ましい。
具体的には、λ/4板の波長分散は順分散「Re(450)>Re(550)」であっても、フラット分散「Re(450)≒Re(550)」であっても、逆分散「Re(450)<Re(550)」であってもよい。フラット分散「Re(450)≒Re(550)」または逆分散「Re(450)<Re(550)」であるような広帯域のλ/4板を用いる場合、広帯域のλ/4板としては位相差フィルムの重畳体からなる1/4波長板として、例えば単色光に対して1/2波長の位相差を与えるものと、1/4波長の位相差を与えるものとの組合せで複数の位相差フィルムをそれらの光軸を交差させて積層したものがあげられる。このような広帯域のλ/4板の製造方法としては、例えば、特開平8-271731号公報に記載の方法を用いることができ、この公報の内容は本発明に組み込まれる。
棒状液晶化合物としては、例えば、特表平11-513019や特開2007-279688号に記載のものを好ましく用いることができ、ディスコティック液晶性化合物としては、例えば、特開2007-108732号や特開2010-244038号に記載のものを好ましく用いることができるが、これらに限定されない。
配向膜は、ポリマーのラビング処理により形成することが好ましい。
配向膜の膜厚は、0.1~10μmの範囲にあることが好ましい。
本発明の液晶表示装置は、偏光分離部材およびバックライト側偏光子が直接または接着層を介して隣接して配置されたことが好ましい。
また、偏光分離部材は、第1のλ/4板、コレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層および第2のλ/4板がこの順で、直接接触して、または、接着層を介して積層したことが好ましい。
部材統合により、部材膜厚の薄層化や部材間隙の空気層での界面反射ロス低減、液晶表示装置製造時や製造後に発生する可能性がある部材間への異物混入による表示不良をなくすことができる。
粘着剤層としては、例えば、動的粘弾性測定装置で測定した貯蔵弾性率G’と損失弾性率G”との比(tanδ=G”/G’)が0.001~1.5である物質のことを表し、いわゆる、粘着剤やクリープしやすい物質等が含まれる。本発明に用いることのできる粘着剤としては、例えば、アクリル系粘着剤や、ポリビニルアルコール系接着剤が挙げられるが、これに限定されない。
このようなフィラーの粒子径(JIS B9921)は、0.1~20.0μm、好ましくは1.0~10.0μmの範囲が望ましい。特に、0.5~10μmの範囲が好ましい。
フィラーの屈折率(JIS K-7142によるB法)は、粘着剤の屈折率に対して0.05~0.5の差があることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.05~0.3が良い。
拡散粘着層におけるフィラーの含有量は、1.0~40.0質量%、特に、3.0~20質量%であることが望ましい。
次に、バックライト側偏光板および表示側偏光板について説明する。
本発明の液晶表示装置が有する偏光板は、偏光子およびそのどちらか一方の面に配置された偏光板保護フィルムを含むことが好ましく、偏光子およびその両側に配置された二枚の偏光板保護フィルム(以下、保護フィルムとも言う)からなることがより好ましいが、バックライト側偏光板のアウター側の偏光板保護フィルムとして偏光分離部材を用いてもよく、バックライト側偏光板のインナー側の偏光板保護フィルムは使用しなくてもよい。偏光分離部材をバックライト側偏光板のアウター側の偏光板保護フィルムとして用いず、偏光分離部材を偏光板保護フィルムとは独立した部材として用いる場合、本発明ではより薄層化するために保護フィルムをより薄く(60μm以下、好ましくは40μm以下、より好ましくは25μm以下)することが好ましい。アクリル樹脂などの保護レジンを塗布、乾燥、硬化したハードコート(20μm以下、好ましくは10μm以下、より好ましくは5μm以下)を使用することがより好ましい。
保護層を設けない偏光子を用いることがより薄層化の実現にはさらに好ましい。
本発明においては、二枚の偏光板保護フィルムの内、液晶セル側に配置されるインナー側の偏光板保護フィルムとして、VA、IPS、TN、OCBモードの液晶表示装置の場合位相差フィルムが用いられることがより好ましいが、IPSモードの場合は位相差が略ない光学補償フィルムを使用することが好ましく、インナー側の偏光板保護フィルムを使用しないことが、より薄層化の実現には好ましい。
偏光子としては、ポリマーフィルムにヨウ素が吸着配向されたものを用いることが好ましい。ポリマーフィルムとしては、特に限定されず各種のものを使用できる。例えば、ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム、ポリエチレンテレフタレート系フィルム、エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体系フィルムや、これらの部分ケン化フィルム、セルロース系フィルム等の親水性高分子フィルムに、ポリビニルアルコールの脱水処理物やポリ塩化ビニルの脱塩酸処理物等ポリエン系配向フィルム等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、偏光子としてのヨウ素による染色性に優れたポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを用いることが好ましい。
保護フィルムのうち、液晶セルと反対側に配置される保護フィルムとしては、透明性、機械的強度、熱安定性、水分遮断性、等方性等に優れる熱可塑性樹脂が用いられる。この様な熱可塑性樹脂の具体例としては、トリアセチルセルロース等のセルロース樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリエーテルスルホン樹脂、ポリスルホン樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、ポリオレフィン樹脂、(メタ)アクリル樹脂、環状ポリオレフィン樹脂(ノルボルネン系樹脂)、ポリアリレート樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、ポリビニルアルコール樹脂、及びこれらの混合物が挙げられる。
特に本発明の液晶表示装置は、バックライト側偏光板が、偏光子とこの偏光子の両表面に配置された2枚の偏光板保護フィルムを有し、バックライト側偏光板のアウター側の偏光板保護フィルムとして偏光分離部材を用いない場合は、2枚の偏光板保護フィルムのうち少なくとも偏光分離部材側(液晶セルと反対側)の偏光板保護フィルムがセルロースアシレートフィルムであることが好ましい。
Rth(λ)は、Re(λ)を、面内の遅相軸(KOBRA 21ADH、又はWRにより判断される)を傾斜軸(回転軸)として(遅相軸がない場合には、フィルム面内の任意の方向を回転軸とする)のフィルム法線方向に対して法線方向から片側50°まで10度ステップで各々その傾斜した方向から波長λnmの光を入射させて全部で6点測定し、その測定されたレターデーション値と平均屈折率の仮定値及び入力された膜厚値を基にKOBRA 21ADH又はWRが算出する。上記において、法線方向から面内の遅相軸を回転軸として、ある傾斜角度にレターデーションの値がゼロとなる方向をもつフィルムの場合には、その傾斜角度より大きい傾斜角度でのレターデーション値はその符号を負に変更した後、KOBRA 21ADH、又はWRが算出する。なお、遅相軸を傾斜軸(回転軸)として(遅相軸がない場合には、フィルム面内の任意の方向を回転軸とする)、任意の傾斜した2方向からレターデーション値を測定し、その値と平均屈折率の仮定値、及び入力された膜厚値を基に、以下の式(A)、及び式(B)よりRthを算出することもできる。
Rth=((nx+ny)/2-nz)×d・・・・・・・・・・式(B)
また、本明細書において、角度(例えば「90°」等の角度)、及びその関係(例えば「直交」、「平行」、及び「45°で交差」等)については、本発明が属する技術分野において許容される誤差の範囲を含むものとする。例えば、厳密な角度±10°未満の範囲内であることなどを意味し、厳密な角度との誤差は、5°以下であることが好ましく、3°以下であることがより好ましい。
また、本明細書において、位相差領域、位相差フィルム、及び液晶層等の各部材の光学特性を示す数値、数値範囲、及び定性的な表現(例えば、「同等」、「等しい」等の表現)については、液晶表示装置やそれに用いられる部材について一般的に許容される誤差を含む数値、数値範囲及び性質を示していると解釈されるものとする。
また、本明細書で「正面」とは、表示面に対する法線方向を意味し、「正面コントラスト(CR)」は、表示面の法線方向において測定される白輝度及び黒輝度から算出されるコントラストをいい、「視野角コントラスト(CR)」は、表示面の法線方向から傾斜した斜め方向(例えば、表示面に対して、極角方向60度で定義される方向)において測定される白輝度及び黒輝度から算出されるコントラストをいうものとする。
偏光子と保護フィルムの貼り合わせには、偏光子ならびに保護フィルムに応じて、接着剤や粘着剤等を適宜採用することができる。この接着剤および接着処理方法としては特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、ビニルポリマーからなる接着剤、あるいは、少なくともホウ酸やホウ砂、グルタルアルデヒドやメラミン、シュウ酸などのビニルアルコール系ポリマーの水溶性架橋剤からなる接着剤などを介して行うことができる。このような接着剤からなる接着層は、水溶液の塗布乾燥層などとして形成しうるが、その水溶液の調製に際しては、必要に応じて、架橋剤や他の添加剤、酸等の触媒も配合することができる。特に偏光子としてポリビニルアルコール系のポリマーフィルムを用いる場合には、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂を含有する接着剤を用いることが、接着性の点から好ましい。さらには、アセトアセチル基を有するポリビニルアルコール系樹脂を含む接着剤が耐久性を向上させる点からより好ましい。
液晶セルの構成については特に制限はなく、一般的な構成の液晶セルを採用することができる。液晶セルは、例えば、対向配置された一対の基板と、この一対の基板間に挟持された液晶層とを含み、必要に応じて、カラーフィルター層などを含んでいてもよい。液晶セルの駆動モードについても特に制限はなく、ツイステットネマチック(TN)、スーパーツイステットネマチック(STN)、バーティカルアライメント(VA)、インプレインスイッチング(IPS)、オプティカリーコンペンセイテットベンドセル(OCB)等の種々のモードを利用することができる。
TNモードの液晶セルでは、電圧無印加時に棒状液晶性分子が実質的に水平配向し、更に60~120゜にねじれ配向している。TNモードの液晶セルは、カラーTFT液晶表示装置として最も多く利用されており、多数の文献に記載がある。
VAモードの液晶セルでは、電圧無印加時に棒状液晶性分子が実質的に垂直に配向している。VAモードの液晶セルには、(1)棒状液晶性分子を電圧無印加時に実質的に垂直に配向させ、電圧印加時に実質的に水平に配向させる狭義のVAモードの液晶セル(特開平2-176625号公報記載)に加えて、(2)視野角拡大のため、VAモードをマルチドメイン化した(MVAモードの)液晶セル(SID97、Digest of tech.Papers(予稿集)28(1997)845記載)、(3)棒状液晶性分子を電圧無印加時に実質的に垂直配向させ、電圧印加時にねじれマルチドメイン配向させるモード(n-ASMモード)の液晶セル(日本液晶討論会の予稿集58~59(1998)記載)及び(4)SURVIVALモードの液晶セル(LCDインターナショナル98で発表)が含まれる。また、PVA(Patterned Vertical Alignment)型、光配向型(Optical Alignment)、及びPSA(Polymer-Sustained Alignment)のいずれであってもよい。これらのモードの詳細については、特開2006-215326号公報、及び特表2008-538819号公報に詳細な記載がある。
IPSモードの液晶セルは、棒状液晶分子が基板に対して実質的に平行に配向しており、基板面に平行な電界が印加することで液晶分子が平面的に応答する。IPSモードは電界無印加状態で黒表示となり、上下一対の偏光板の吸収軸は直交している。光学補償シートを用いて、斜め方向での黒表示時の漏れ光を低減させ、視野角を改良する方法が、特開平10-54982号公報、特開平11-202323号公報、特開平9-292522号公報、特開平11-133408号公報、特開平11-305217号公報、特開平10-307291号公報などに開示されている。
また、本発明の液晶表示装置は、他の部材を含んでいてもよい。例えば、カラーフィルター基板、薄層トランジスタ基板、レンズフィルム、拡散シート、ハードコート層、反射防止層、低反射層、アンチグレア層等とともに(又はそれに替えて)、前方散乱層、プライマー層、帯電防止層、下塗り層等の表面層が配置されていてもよい。
本発明における画素は、光源が500nm以下の可視のBを用いている場合、RGB画素形成方法としては、公知の種々の方法を用いて形成させることができる。例えば、ガラス基板上にフォトマスク、およびフォトレジストを用いて所望のブラックマトリックス、およびR、G、Bの画素パターンを形成することもできるし、また、R、G、Bの画素用着色インクを用いて、所定の幅のブラックマトリクス、及びn個置きにブラックマトリクスの幅よりも広いブラックマトリックスで区分された領域内(凸部で囲まれた凹部)に、インクジェット方式の印刷装置を用いて所望の濃度になるまでインク組成物の吐出を行い、R、G、Bのパターンからなるカラーフィルターを作製することもできる。画像着色後は、ベーク等することで各画素及びブラックマトリックスを完全に硬化させてもよい。
カラーフィルターの好ましい特性は特開2008-083611号公報などに記載されており、この公報の内容は本発明に組み込まれる。
例えば、緑色を示すカラーフィルターにおける最大透過率の半分の透過率となる波長は、一方が590nm以上610nm以下であり、他方が470nm以上500nm以下であることが好ましい。また、緑色を示すカラーフィルターにおいて最大透過率の半分の透過率となる波長は、一方が590nm以上600nm以下であることが好ましい。さらに緑色を示すカラーフィルターにおける最大透過率は80%以上であることが好ましい。緑色を示すカラーフィルターにおいて最大透過率となる波長は530nm以上560nm以下であることが好ましい。
光源ユニットが有する光源は、600nm以上700nm以下の波長領域における発光ピークの波長が620nm以上650nm以下であることが好ましい。光源ユニットが有する光源は、600nm以上700nm以下の波長領域に発光ピークを有し、緑色を示すカラーフィルターにおいて、発光ピークの波長における透過率は、最大透過率の10%以下であることが好ましい。
赤色を示すカラーフィルターは、580nm以上590nm以下における透過率が最大透過率の10%以下であることが好ましい。
本発明の液晶表示装置は、各画素の間にブラックマトリックスが配置される。ブラックストライプを形成する材料としては、クロム等の金属のスパッタ膜を用いたもの、感光性樹脂と黒色着色剤等を組み合わせた遮光性感光性組成物などが挙げられる。黒色着色剤の具体例としては、カーボンブラック、チタンカーボン、酸化鉄、酸化チタン、黒鉛などが挙げられ、中でも、カーボンブラックが好ましい。
本発明の液晶表示装置は、さらに薄層トランジスタ(以下、TFTとも言う)を有するTFT基板を有することが好ましい。
薄層トランジスタが、キャリア濃度が1×1014/cm3未満である酸化物半導体層を有することが好ましい。薄層トランジスタの好ましい態様については特開2011-141522号公報に記載されており、この公報の内容は本発明に組み込まれる。
<偏光分離部材の製造>
(第1のλ/4板の形成)
特開2012-108471号公報を参考にして、市販のセルロースアシレート系フィルム「TD60」(富士フイルム社製)の上に、ディスコティック液晶性化合物を用いて第1のλ/4板(B狭帯域λ/4板)を形成した。
得られた第1のλ/4板の、Re(450)は112nm、Re(550)は93nm、膜厚は2.2μmであった。
支持体の上に、富士フイルム研究報告 No.50(2005年)pp.60-63を参考に、用いたキラル剤の添加量を変更して、コレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層を塗布により1層形成した。
得られたコレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層の最大反射率のピークの反射中心波長は445nm、半値幅は70nm、膜厚は2.5μm、液晶のΔn=0.12、平均屈折率は1.57であった。また、液晶のΔn=0.17を用いた場合、反射中心波長は450nm、半値幅は100nm、膜厚は2.5μmを実現できた。
第1のλ/4板の上に、上記にて形成したコレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層のみを支持体から剥がして、転写した。
特開2012-108471号公報を参考にして、市販のセルロースアシレート系フィルム「TD60」(富士フイルム社製)の上に、ディスコティック液晶性化合物を用いて第2のλ/4板(B狭帯域λ/4板)を準備した。
得られた第2のλ/4板の、Re(450)は112nm、Re(550)は93nm、膜厚は2.2μmであった。
上記にて製造したコレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層の上に、上記にて形成したディスコティック液晶性化合物を用いた第2のλ/4板のみを支持体から剥がして、転写した。
得られた第1のλ/4板、コレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層および第2のλ/4板を有する偏光分離部材を偏光分離フィルム1とした。偏光分離フィルム1のトータル厚さは7μmであった。
バックライト側偏光板のフロント側偏光板保護フィルムとして市販のセルロースアシレート系フィルム「TD60」(富士フイルム社製)を用いた。
バックライト側偏光板のリア側偏光板保護フィルムとして、セルロースアシレート系フィルム「TD60」(富士フイルム社製)の上に偏光分離フィルム1を積層したフィルムを用いた。
特開2006-293275号公報の[0219]~[0220]と同様にして、偏光子を製造し、上記2枚の偏光板保護フィルムを偏光子の両面にそれぞれ貼り合わせて、偏光板1を製造した。
光変換部材として、米国特許7303628、論文(Peng, X. G.; Manna, L.; Yang, W. D.; Wickham, j.; Scher, E.; Kadavanich, A.; Alivisatos, A. P. Nature 2000, 404, 59-61)及び論文(Manna, L.; Scher, E. C.; Alivisatos, A. P. j. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 12700-12706)を参考に、青色発光ダイオードの青色光が入射したときに中心波長540nm、半値幅40nmの緑色光の蛍光発光をする量子ロッド1と、中心波長645nm、半値幅30nmの赤色光の蛍光発光をする量子ロッド2を形成した。量子ロッド1、2の形状は直方体形状であり、量子ロッドの長軸の長さの平均は30nmであった。なお、量子ロッドの長軸の長さの平均は、透過型電子顕微鏡で確認した。
基材として、イソフタル酸を6mol%共重合させたイソフタル酸共重合ポリエチレンテレフタレート(以下、「非晶性PET」という)のシートを作製した。非晶性PETのガラス転移温度は75℃である。非晶性PET基材と量子ロッド配向層からなる積層体を以下のように作製した。ここで量子ロッド配向層はポリビニルアルコール(以下、「PVA」という)をマトリクスとして、作製した量子ロッド1、2を含む。ちなみにPVAのガラス転移温度は80℃である。
重合度1000以上、ケン化度99%以上のPVA粉末4~5%濃度、及び上記で作製した量子ロッド1、2それぞれ1%濃度を水に溶解した、量子ロッド含有PVA水溶液を準備した。また厚み200μmの非晶性PET基材を準備した。次に、上記した厚み200μmの非晶性PET基材に量子ロッド含有PVA水溶液を塗布し、50~60℃の温度で乾燥し、非晶性PET基材上に厚み25μmの量子ロッド含有PVA層を製膜した。この非晶性PETと量子ロッド含有PVAの積層体を量子ロッドシート1と呼ぶ。
得られた量子ロッド配向シート1と、上記製造例1で製造した偏光板1を、屈折率1.47のアクリル系接着剤を用いて貼り合わせた。
市販の液晶表示装置(パナソニック社製、商品名TH-L42D2)を分解し、バックライト側偏光板を上記にて製造した偏光分離フィルム1をリア側に配した偏光板1に変更し、偏光分離フィルム1とバックライトユニットの間に上記にて製造した量子ロッド配向シート1を配置し、バックライトユニットを以下のB狭帯域バックライトユニットに変更し、実施例1の液晶表示装置を製造した。
用いたB狭帯域バックライトユニットは、光源として青色発光ダイオード(日亜B-LED:Royal Blue、主波長445nm、半値幅20nm、以下B光源とも言う)を備える。また、光源の後部に光源から発光されて光学シート部材で反射された光の反射をする反射部材を備える。
特開2009-199001号公報を参考に、プリズムシートを製造した。
実施例1において、偏光分離フィルム1と、量子ロッド配向シート1の間に、上記にて製造したプリズムシートを配置した以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例2の液晶表示装置を製造した。
市販の液晶表示装置(パナソニック社製、商品名TH-L42D2)を分解し、バックライト側偏光板として製造例1で製造した偏光板1を用い、誘電体多層膜(RGB)(商品名DBEF、スリーエム・カンパニー社製、膜厚25μm)を、接着剤層を設けずに、分離してバックライト側偏光板とバックライトユニットの間に配置し、参考例1の液晶表示装置を製造した。
誘電体多層膜(RGB)は、青~緑~赤領域の450~550~630nmまでほぼ一定で波長に対しフラットなピークの反射率であった。
なお、この液晶表示装置のホワイトのバックライト光源(以下、W光源とも言う)は、青色光の発光ピーク波長450nmであった。
製造例1で製造した偏光板1に対し、以下の方法で調製したB狭帯域の単色誘電体多層膜(B)を、実施例1と同様の接着剤を用いて貼り合わせた。
B狭帯域の単色誘電体多層膜(B)は、IDW/AD ’12、p.985~988(2012)を参考にトータル厚さを下記表1に記載のとおりとなるように変更し、青色光に対応する波長帯域における最大反射率のピークの反射中心波長は465nm、半値幅は30nmとなるように製造した。
実施例1の液晶表示装置の製造において、偏光板1と偏光分離フィルム1の積層体の代わりに上記に製造した偏光板1と単色誘電体多層膜(B)の積層体を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、比較例1の液晶表示装置を製造した。
実施例1の液晶表示装置の製造において、偏光板1と偏光分離フィルム1の積層体の代わりに上記に製造した偏光板1を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、比較例2の液晶表示装置を製造した。
各実施例、参考例および比較例の液晶表示装置を以下の基準にしたがって評価した。
液晶表示装置の正面輝度(白色輝度)を、特開2009-93166号公報の[0180]に記載の方法で測定した。その結果を下記表1に記載した。
液晶表示装置の色再現域(NTSC比)を、特開2012-3073号公報の[0066]に記載の方法で測定した。その結果を下記表1に記載した。
一方、比較例1より、本発明の構成を満たす偏光分離部材の代わりに、B狭帯域の誘電体多層膜を用いる場合は、正面輝度が低いことがわかった。
比較例2より、本発明の構成を満たす偏光分離部材を用いない場合は、正面輝度が低いことがわかった。
2 偏光板保護フィルム(インナー側)
3 バックライト側偏光子
4 偏光板保護フィルム(アウター側)
5 偏光分離部材
11 輝度向上フィルム
12a 第1のλ/4板
12b 第2のλ/4板
14 コレステリック液晶相を固定してなる層
16 光変換部材(青色光から、緑色光および赤色光へ変換)
17 蛍光材料
31 バックライトユニット
31A 青色光源
31B 導光板
32 無偏光の青色光(バックライトユニットからの入射光)
33 青色の透過光(偏光分離部材を透過した直線偏光の青色光)
34 青色の反射光(偏光分離部材で反射された直線偏光の青色光)
35 緑色光(光変換部材が発光した直線偏光の緑色光)
36 赤色光(光変換部材が発光した直線偏光の赤色光)
42 液晶セル
44 表示側偏光板
45 偏光板保護フィルム(アウター側)
46 偏光子
47 偏光板保護フィルム(インナー側)
51 液晶表示装置
Claims (13)
- バックライトユニット、光変換部材、偏光分離部材、バックライト側偏光子、液晶セルおよび表示側偏光板がこの順で配置され;
前記バックライトユニットが430~480nmの波長帯域に発光中心波長を有する無偏光の青色光を発光する光源を備え;
前記偏光分離部材が、前記偏光分離部材の法線方向から入射する前記無偏光の青色光を互いに直交する振動方向の直線偏光である青色の透過光と青色の反射光に分離し、500~600nmの波長帯域のうち少なくとも一部の光を透過し、600~650nmの波長帯域のうち少なくとも一部の光を透過し;
前記光変換部材が、前記光変換部材に入射する前記青色光によって、500~600nmの波長帯域に発光中心波長を有し、かつ直線偏光である緑色光、および、600~650nmの波長帯域に発光中心波長を有し、かつ直線偏光である赤色光、を発光する蛍光材料を含み;
前記バックライト側偏光子の透過軸が、前記緑色光および前記赤色光の振動方向と平行であることを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 前記偏光分離部材が、第1のλ/4板、コレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層および第2のλ/4板をこの順に有し、
前記コレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層が430~480nmの波長帯域に反射中心波長を有し、前記反射中心波長において右円偏光および左円偏光のうち一方を反射して他の一方を透過し、500~600nmの波長帯域のうち少なくとも一部の光を透過し、600~650nmの波長帯域のうち少なくとも一部の光を透過し;
前記第1のλ/4板および第2のλ/4板の遅相軸が直交し、
前記第1のλ/4板および第2のλ/4板の前記無偏光の青色光の発光中心波長における面内方向のレターデーションが互いに等しく、
前記第1のλ/4板および第2のλ/4板が下記式(1)を満たす、請求項1に記載の液晶表示装置;
式(1) Re(λ) = λ/4 ± 10nm
式(1)中、λは前記無偏光の青色光の発光中心波長を表し、単位:nmであり;
Re(λ)は波長λnmにおける面内方向のレターデーションを表し、単位:nmである。 - 前記蛍光材料が少なくとも量子ドットを含む、請求項1または2に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記量子ドットが、楕円体形状または直方体形状の量子ロッドである、請求項3に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記量子ロッドの長軸方向が、前記バックライト側偏光子の透過軸と平行な方向に配向されてなる、請求項4に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記光変換部材が発光する前記緑色光と前記赤色光が、いずれも半値幅が100nm以下である発光強度のピークを有する、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記バックライトユニット全体が面光源である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記バックライトユニットが発光する前記無偏光の青色光の発光中心波長が440~460nmの波長帯域にあり、
前記コレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層の反射中心波長が440~460nmの波長帯域にあり、
前記バックライトユニットが発光する前記無偏光の青色光の発光中心波長と前記コレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層の反射中心波長が一致する、請求項2~7のいずれか一項に記載の液晶表示装置。 - 前記バックライトユニットが発光する前記無偏光の青色光が、半値幅が30nm以下である発光強度のピークを有する、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記偏光分離部材および前記バックライト側偏光子が直接または接着層を介して隣接して配置された、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記バックライト側偏光子の両表面に配置された2枚の偏光板保護フィルムを有し、
前記2枚の偏光板保護フィルムのうち少なくとも前記偏光分離部材側の偏光板保護フィルムがセルロースアシレートフィルムである、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の液晶表示装置。 - さらに輝度向上フィルムが配置された、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記バックライトユニットが反射部材を備える、請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の液晶表示装置。
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| CN105408810A (zh) | 2016-03-16 |
| KR101782827B1 (ko) | 2017-09-28 |
| US20160147101A1 (en) | 2016-05-26 |
| KR20160024943A (ko) | 2016-03-07 |
| US10156754B2 (en) | 2018-12-18 |
| JP6153895B2 (ja) | 2017-06-28 |
| JP2015043077A (ja) | 2015-03-05 |
| CN105408810B (zh) | 2019-10-29 |
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