WO2015004871A1 - 固体酸化物形燃料電池セル、その製造方法、燃料電池セルスタック、及び固体酸化物形燃料電池。 - Google Patents
固体酸化物形燃料電池セル、その製造方法、燃料電池セルスタック、及び固体酸化物形燃料電池。 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015004871A1 WO2015004871A1 PCT/JP2014/003438 JP2014003438W WO2015004871A1 WO 2015004871 A1 WO2015004871 A1 WO 2015004871A1 JP 2014003438 W JP2014003438 W JP 2014003438W WO 2015004871 A1 WO2015004871 A1 WO 2015004871A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
- H01M8/1246—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8657—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites layered
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
- H01M4/9025—Oxides specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2404—Processes or apparatus for grouping fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/2432—Grouping of unit cells of planar configuration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
- H01M2300/0071—Oxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
- H01M4/9025—Oxides specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
- H01M4/9033—Complex oxides, optionally doped, of the type M1MeO3, M1 being an alkaline earth metal or a rare earth, Me being a metal, e.g. perovskites
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell, a method for producing the same, a fuel cell stack, and a solid oxide fuel cell. More specifically, the initial power generation performance is high and deterioration can be suppressed.
- the present invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell in which power generation performance is unlikely to deteriorate even after long-time operation, a manufacturing method thereof, a fuel cell stack, and a solid oxide fuel cell.
- a solid oxide fuel cell using a solid oxide which is an example of a solid electrolyte
- a solid oxide fuel cell is formed, for example, by stacking a number of solid oxide fuel cells having a fuel electrode layer and an air electrode layer on each side of a plate-shaped solid electrolyte layer to form a fuel cell stack To do.
- fuel gas for example, hydrogen gas
- air is supplied to the air electrode layer. Electric power is generated by a chemical reaction between the fuel gas and oxygen in the air via the solid electrolyte layer.
- the material of the air electrode layer of the solid oxide fuel cell includes an LSM material containing La, Sr, and Mn, an LSC material containing La, Sr, and Co, and La, Sr, and Fe.
- LSF-based materials and the like have been known for a long time and are used as standard.
- a material of the solid electrolyte layer of the solid electrolyte fuel cell a material such as YSZ (yttria stabilized zirconia) has been known for a long time and is used as a standard. *
- the solid oxide fuel cell reaches a high temperature of about 700 to 1000 ° C., and element diffusion occurs between the layers of the solid oxide fuel cell.
- the diffusion of elements from the air electrode layer to the solid electrolyte layer occurs, the element diffused from the air electrode layer reacts with the substance contained in the solid electrolyte layer, and between the air electrode layer and the solid electrolyte layer.
- a high resistance layer having a large electrical resistance may be formed.
- Sr diffuses from the air electrode layer to the solid electrolyte layer, and this Sr reacts with Zr contained in the solid electrolyte layer to form a high resistance layer containing SrZrO 3 .
- the electric resistance value between the air electrode layer and the solid electrolyte layer increases, so that the power generation performance of the solid oxide fuel cell decreases.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a solid oxide fuel cell provided with an element diffusion prevention layer in order to prevent formation of a high resistance layer between an air electrode layer and a solid electrolyte layer.
- the solid oxide fuel cell disclosed in Patent Document 1 is “a solid electrolyte layer, an oxygen electrode layer formed on one surface of the solid electrolyte layer via an element diffusion prevention layer, and the other of the solid electrolyte layers.
- the element diffusion prevention layer is made of a composite oxide containing at least one rare earth element and Zr, and has a porosity of 30% or more. It is characterized by being a quality layer "(refer to claim 1 of Patent Document 1). Further, the solid oxide fuel cell disclosed in Patent Document 1 is characterized in that “the element diffusion preventing layer has a thickness of 2 to 10 ⁇ m” (see claim 5 of Patent Document 1). . *
- the solid oxide fuel cell provided with the element diffusion prevention layer disclosed in Patent Document 1 is able to suppress the diffusion of Sr even after long-time operation. Since the element diffusion prevention layer is composed of an interdiffusion layer of GDC and YSZ, it is found that the element diffusion prevention layer has a high electrical resistance value and the initial power generation performance of the solid oxide fuel cell is low. It was done.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is that the initial power generation performance is high, and a high resistance region is formed between the air electrode layer and the solid electrolyte layer even after long-time operation, and the high resistance region is further increased. It is to provide a solid oxide fuel cell, a method for manufacturing the same, a fuel cell stack, and a solid oxide fuel cell in which a decrease in power generation performance is suppressed by preventing formation of a layer .
- Means for solving the problems are as follows: (1) a solid electrolyte layer, an air electrode layer formed on one surface side of the solid electrolyte layer and containing at least Sr; A fuel electrode layer formed on the other surface side of the solid electrolyte layer, In a solid oxide fuel cell in which an intermediate layer is formed between the solid electrolyte layer and the air electrode layer, Having an element diffusion preventing layer in at least a part of the intermediate layer;
- the element diffusion prevention layer is composed of a complex oxide containing at least one rare earth element and Zr, When the solid oxide fuel cell was subjected to an accelerated heating test at 1000 ° C.
- a solid oxide fuel cell wherein the element diffusion preventing layer has a thickness of 600 nm or more and 2000 nm or less and an Sr coverage of 90% or less.
- a battery cell is preferred.
- the intermediate layer contains GDC, The solid oxide fuel cell according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the element diffusion prevention layer is disposed at an interface with the solid electrolyte. preferable.
- the element diffusion prevention layer contains YSZ and GDC,
- the molar ratio of Ce and Zr (Ce / Zr molar ratio) contained in the element diffusion preventing layer is 0.6 / 1 or more and 1 / 0.15 or less
- the solid oxide fuel cell according to any one of 1) to (4) is preferable.
- a fuel cell is preferable.
- the element diffusion preventing layer is formed by simultaneously firing a solid electrolyte layer precursor and an intermediate layer precursor containing Zr, wherein any one of (1) to (6) is characterized.
- a method for producing a solid oxide fuel cell according to one item (8)
- the element diffusion preventing layer is formed by firing an intermediate layer precursor containing Zr at a temperature equal to or lower than a firing temperature of the solid electrolyte layer precursor. 6)
- the element diffusion preventing layer is formed by firing a solid electrolyte layer containing Zr or the solid electrolyte layer precursor and an intermediate layer precursor not containing Zr, from the solid electrolyte layer side to the intermediate layer side.
- (10) The method for producing a solid oxide fuel cell according to (9), wherein the firing temperature of the intermediate layer precursor is 1180 ° C. or higher and 1400 ° C. or lower.
- (11) A fuel cell stack comprising a plurality of the solid oxide fuel cells according to any one of (1) to (6) electrically connected in series. .
- (12) A solid oxide fuel cell characterized in that the fuel cell stack according to (11) is stored in a storage container.
- the element diffusion prevention layer has a certain thickness, and the element diffusion prevention layer Sr The coverage is suppressed to 90% or less.
- the state of the solid oxide fuel cell after the solid oxide fuel cell is operated for a long time can be determined in a simulated manner.
- element diffusion In the prevention layer there is 10% or more of a region that is not covered with Sr and in which a high resistance region is not formed.
- the intermediate layer so that the thickness of the element diffusion prevention layer after the accelerated heating test is 600 nm or more and 2000 nm or less, the solid oxide fuel cell, the fuel cell stack, and the solid oxide fuel cell
- the initial power generation performance can be increased, and deterioration of the power generation performance can be suppressed even after long-time operation.
- the average particle size of the element diffusion preventing layer is 0.5 ⁇ m or more, the particle size of the particles constituting the element diffusion preventing layer is large. Therefore, the element diffusing at the time of power generation is diffused while bypassing the periphery of the particle, so that the element can be prevented from diffusing linearly and quickly in the element diffusion preventing layer. Therefore, Sr and the element in the element diffusion prevention layer do not easily react, and the Sr coverage of the element diffusion prevention layer can be kept low.
- the average particle size of the element diffusion prevention layer is 0.71 ⁇ m or less, the thickness of the element diffusion prevention layer having a large electric resistance can be reduced, and a solid oxide fuel cell having excellent initial power generation performance is obtained. Can be provided. *
- the element diffusion preventing layer contains at least one of Ce and Gd as a rare earth element
- the content ratio of Zr in the element diffusion preventing layer becomes relatively small.
- Sr coverage in the element diffusion preventing layer can be suppressed to 90% or less.
- Sr chemically reacts with Zr in the element diffusion prevention layer to form a high resistance region and lowers the power generation performance of the solid oxide fuel cell, so the content of Zr in the element diffusion prevention layer is reduced.
- Zr can be sparsely present in the element diffusion preventing layer, and the coverage of Sr that becomes the high resistance region can be suppressed to 90% or less.
- the element diffusion prevention layer is arranged at the interface with the solid electrolyte layer, the diffused element diffused from the air electrode layer reaches the solid electrolyte layer, and at the interface between the solid electrolyte layer and the air electrode layer. The formation of a high resistance layer can be efficiently prevented.
- the Zr content in the element diffusion prevention layer is relatively small.
- Sr forms a high resistance region by chemically reacting with Zr in the element diffusion prevention layer, and the high resistance region covers the interface, thereby reducing the power generation performance of the solid oxide fuel cell.
- Zr can be sparsely present in the element diffusion prevention layer, and the coverage of Sr that becomes a high resistance region can be suppressed to 90% or less.
- Sr moved from the air electrode layer can be effectively trapped by Zr in the element diffusion prevention layer, and the conductivity of the element diffusion prevention layer can be increased by GDC.
- the element diffused from the air electrode layer reaches the solid electrolyte layer and is high at the interface between the solid electrolyte layer and the air electrode layer.
- the formation of the resistance layer can be efficiently prevented.
- the conductivity of the element diffusion preventing layer can be increased in the vicinity of the air electrode layer.
- an element diffusion prevention layer can be formed at the time of firing the intermediate layer precursor, so that element diffusion prevention can be achieved without increasing the number of firings.
- a solid oxide fuel cell having a layer can be obtained.
- an element diffusion prevention layer is obtained by firing the intermediate layer precursor at a temperature lower than the temperature for firing the solid electrolyte layer precursor. Therefore, after laminating and firing the solid electrolyte layer precursor and the fuel electrode layer precursor, the laminate including the intermediate layer precursor and the air electrode layer precursor is fired at a relatively low temperature. A solid oxide fuel cell having a diffusion barrier layer can be obtained.
- Zr diffuses from the solid electrolyte layer or the solid electrolyte layer precursor to the intermediate layer precursor in the firing process. Since the element diffusion preventing layer is partially formed, an element diffusion preventing layer containing Zr can be formed even if Zr is not contained in the intermediate layer precursor.
- the element The diffusion prevention layer can be controlled to have a desired thickness.
- a high resistance layer is formed between the solid electrolyte layer and the air electrode layer in each cell constituting the cell stack even after operating for a long time. Can be prevented, and the power generation performance of the battery can be prevented from deteriorating.
- a high resistance layer is formed between the solid electrolyte layer and the air electrode layer in each cell constituting the cell stack even after long-time operation. It can prevent that the power generation performance of a battery falls.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a solid oxide fuel cell which is an example of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a fuel cell stack that is an example of the present invention.
- 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is an example of a longitudinal sectional view of a solid oxide fuel cell used for measurement of Sr coverage.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the firing temperature of the intermediate layer and the thickness of the element diffusion prevention layer after the accelerated heating test in Examples 1 to 10.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the thickness of the element diffusion prevention layer after the accelerated heating test in Examples 1 to 10 and the Sr coverage.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the firing temperature of the intermediate layer and the thickness of the element diffusion prevention layer after the accelerated heating test in Examples 1 to 10.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the thickness of the element diffusion prevention layer after the accelerated heating test in Examples 1 to 10 and the S
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the thickness of the element diffusion prevention layer after the accelerated heating test and the average particle diameter of the element diffusion prevention layer after the accelerated heating test in Examples 1 to 10.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the average particle diameter of the element diffusion prevention layer after the accelerated heating test in Examples 1 to 10 and the Sr coverage.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the Sr coverage and the deterioration rate in Examples 1 to 10.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the firing temperature of the intermediate layer and the initial cell IR resistance value in Examples 1 to 10.
- FIG. 11 is an image obtained by observing the solid electrolyte layer, the air electrode layer, and the intermediate layer after the accelerated heating test with an electron microscope.
- FIG. 11A is an image in Example 8, and FIG. It is the image in.
- a solid oxide fuel cell 1 as an example of the present invention includes a solid electrolyte layer 2, an air electrode layer 3 formed on one surface side of the solid electrolyte layer 2, and a solid electrolyte layer 2. And a fuel electrode layer 4 formed on the other surface side of the electrolyte layer 2.
- An intermediate layer 5 is formed between the solid electrolyte layer 2 and the air electrode layer 3, and an element diffusion preventing layer 6 is contained in at least a part of the intermediate layer 5.
- the solid electrolyte layer 2 has a function of moving ions generated in the air electrode layer 3 to the fuel electrode layer 4 during operation of the solid oxide fuel cell.
- ions that move in the solid electrolyte layer 2 include oxygen ions.
- the solid electrolyte layer 2 has an electrolyte material.
- the electrolyte material preferably contains Zr.
- zirconia-based, ceria-based, and perovskite-based materials can be used, and zirconia-based materials are particularly preferable.
- zirconia-based material include yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), scandia-stabilized zirconia (ScSZ), and calcia-stabilized zirconia (CaSZ).
- Preferred examples include using yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). As mentioned. *
- the thickness of the solid electrolyte layer 2 is preferably 3 to 20 ⁇ m. If the thickness is less than 3 ⁇ m, it is difficult to obtain a solid oxide fuel cell 1 without defects with good reproducibility. On the other hand, when the thickness exceeds 20 ⁇ m, the electric resistance of the solid electrolyte layer 2 increases, and the power generation performance of the solid oxide fuel cell may be lowered. *
- the solid electrolyte layer 2 is preferably made of a dense material so as to have a function of preventing gas permeation.
- the solid electrolyte layer 2 is preferably a dense material having a relative density required by the Archimedes method of 95% or more.
- the air electrode layer 3 functions as an anode in the battery.
- the oxidant gas molecules supplied from the outside receive electrons and generate anions.
- oxygen is used as the oxidant gas, and oxygen ions are generated when oxygen molecules receive electrons in the air electrode layer 3.
- the electrons received by the oxidant gas molecules are electrons that are taken out from the fuel gas molecules in the fuel electrode layer 4 and flow into the air electrode layer 3 through the external circuit.
- the anion generated in the air electrode layer 3 moves through the solid electrolyte layer 2 and reaches the fuel electrode layer 4.
- the air electrode layer 3 contains Sr.
- the Sr compound contained in the air electrode layer 3 is not particularly limited.
- La 1-x Sr x CoO 3 , La 1-x Sr x FeO 3 , La 1-x Sr x Co 1-y examples thereof include perovskite oxides containing Sr such as Fe y O 3 , La 1-x Sr x MnO 3 , and Sm 1-x Sr x CoO 3 systems.
- As a material contained in the air electrode layer 3 it is particularly preferable to use a La 1-x Sr x Co 1-y Fe y O 3 based composite compound.
- a metal element contained in the air electrode layer 3 diffuses toward the solid electrolyte layer 2.
- the diffusing element may react with an electrolyte material in the solid electrolyte layer 2, such as YSZ, to form a high resistance region having a large electric resistance. Examples of the diffusing element include Sr and La. *
- the air electrode layer 3 has a function of allowing the oxidant gas to permeate, and it is desirable that the open porosity is 20% or more, particularly 30 to 50%.
- the thickness of the air electrode layer 3 is preferably 30 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the intermediate layer 5 is a layer provided between the solid electrolyte layer 2 and the air electrode layer 3, and has a function of moving anions generated in the air electrode layer 3, for example, oxygen ions, to the solid electrolyte layer 2.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer 5 is preferably 2 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer 5 is preferably 2 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the layer containing Zr is the element diffusion preventing layer 6.
- the layer not containing Zr is the Zr-free layer 7.
- the Zr-free layer 7 does not react with a diffusing element such as Sr that diffuses from the air electrode layer 3 to the solid electrolyte layer 2 under a high temperature condition, and therefore does not form a high resistance region.
- a diffusing element such as Sr that diffuses from the air electrode layer 3 to the solid electrolyte layer 2 under a high temperature condition, and therefore does not form a high resistance region.
- the intermediate layer 5 has an element diffusion preventing layer 6 at least in part.
- the element diffusion preventing layer 6 has a function of moving anions, for example oxygen ions, generated in the air electrode layer 3 to the solid electrolyte layer 2.
- the intermediate layer 5 has a function of preventing the element diffused from the air electrode layer 3 from reaching the solid electrolyte layer 2 and forming a high resistance layer at the interface between the solid electrolyte layer 2 and the air electrode layer 3.
- the element diffusion preventing layer 6 is made of a complex oxide containing at least one rare earth element and Zr.
- the rare earth element is preferably at least one of Ce and Gd.
- Zr contained in the element diffusion prevention layer 6 reacts with the diffusion element to form a high resistance region in the element diffusion prevention layer 6, thereby preventing the diffusion element from reaching the solid electrolyte layer 2.
- the diffusing element is Sr
- Sr and Zr react in the element diffusion preventing layer 6 to form SrZrO 3 . Since the formed SrZrO 3 stays in the element diffusion preventing layer 6, it is possible to prevent the diffusion element Sr from reaching the solid electrolyte layer 2.
- Zr in the prevention layer 6
- a part of the intermediate layer 5 becomes the element diffusion prevention layer 6.
- the element diffusion preventing layer 6 is more preferably composed of YSZ and GDC (gadolinium doped ceria).
- the content ratio of YSZ and GDC in the element diffusion prevention layer 6 is determined so that the molar ratio of Ce and Zr contained in the element diffusion prevention layer 6 is 0.6: 1 to 1: 0.15. It is preferable.
- the element diffusion is performed so that the molar ratio of Ce to Zr (Ce / Zr molar ratio) contained in the element diffusion preventing layer is 0.6 / 1 or more and 1 / 0.15 or less. It is preferable that the content ratio of YSZ and GDC in the prevention layer 6 is determined.
- the Ce / Zr molar ratio is the mass of Zr contained in YSZ and Ce contained in GDC in the cross section by observing the fluorescence of YSZ or GDC in the cross section of the element diffusion prevention layer 6 using a transmission electron microscope. After measuring the ratio, it can be determined by converting the mass ratio into a mol ratio.
- the molar ratio of Zr and Ce in the element diffusion prevention layer 6 may always be a constant value in an arbitrary region of the element diffusion prevention layer 6 or may be a value that varies depending on the region in the element diffusion prevention layer 6. Good. As an example in which the value of the molar ratio varies depending on the region in the element diffusion prevention layer 6, the molar ratio of Zr is higher on the solid electrolyte layer 2 side in the element diffusion prevention layer 6 and on the air electrode layer 3 side in the element diffusion prevention layer 6. An example having a gradient composition such that the molar ratio of Ce is higher can be given. *
- the element diffusion preventing layer 6 is not particularly limited as long as it is a part of the intermediate layer 5, but is preferably disposed at the interface between the intermediate layer 5 and the solid electrolyte layer 2.
- the element diffusion preventing layer 6 may be disposed at a part of the interface between the intermediate layer 5 and the solid electrolyte layer 2, but is more preferably disposed at the entire interface.
- the thickness in the longitudinal section of the element diffusion preventing layer 6 may be constant regardless of its position, or may not be constant. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the element diffusion prevention layer 6 is formed with a constant thickness over the entire interface between the intermediate layer 5 and the solid electrolyte layer 2.
- the thickness of the element diffusion preventing layer 6 is 600 nm or more and 2000 nm or less.
- the thickness in the longitudinal section of the element diffusion preventing layer 6 formed in the intermediate layer 5 may be constant in an arbitrary region of the element diffusion preventing layer 6 or may be a value different depending on the region of the element diffusion preventing layer 6. Good.
- the maximum thickness in the longitudinal section may be 2000 nm or less, and the minimum thickness may be 600 nm or more.
- the thickness of the element diffusion prevention layer 6 after the accelerated heating test is less than 600 nm, the coverage with the long-time high-temperature treatment exceeds 90% due to the reaction with the diffusion element in the element diffusion prevention layer 6. Moreover, when the thickness of the element diffusion preventing layer 6 after the accelerated heating test is larger than 2000 nm, the electric resistance in the element diffusion preventing layer 6 is increased. In addition, in order to suppress the electrical resistance in the element diffusion prevention layer 6, it is more preferable that the thickness of the element diffusion prevention layer 6 after the accelerated heating test is 1800 nm or less. *
- the solid oxide fuel cell 1 When the solid oxide fuel cell 1 is subjected to an accelerated heating test at 1000 ° C. for 100 hours in the atmosphere, what kind of solid oxide fuel cell 1 is observed after the solid oxide fuel cell is operated for a long time. It can be determined in a simulated manner whether or not the mode is shown.
- the solid oxide fuel cell 1 that performs the accelerated heating test may be immediately after production or may be used after a certain period of use.
- a portion of the element diffusion prevention layer 6 that is not covered with Sr exists at a certain ratio or more, and the solid electrolyte layer 2 and the air electrode layer 3 is not covered with the high resistance layer generated by the reaction of the diffusing element. Therefore, the power generation performance of the solid oxide fuel cell does not deteriorate significantly even after a long accelerated heating test.
- the Sr coverage indicates how much high resistance region containing Sr exists in the element diffusion preventing layer 6.
- Sr contained in the element diffusion prevention layer 6 diffuses from the air electrode layer 2 and reacts with a substance contained in the element diffusion prevention layer 6 to become a substance having a large electric resistance (for example, SrZrO 3 ) in the element diffusion prevention layer 6. A high resistance region is formed. Therefore, the higher the Sr coverage, the greater the proportion of the high resistance region in the element diffusion prevention layer 6 and the greater the electrical resistance of the element diffusion prevention layer 6.
- diffusing elements other than Sr, such as La also diffuse from the air electrode layer 3 to the solid electrolyte layer 2 in the same manner as Sr by the accelerated heating test.
- the diffusion elements other than Sr also react with the substance contained in the element diffusion prevention layer 6 similarly to Sr, and remain in the element diffusion prevention layer 6 as a substance having a large electric resistance. Therefore, by measuring the Sr coverage, it is also possible to evaluate the proportion of diffusion elements other than Sr remaining in the element diffusion prevention layer 6.
- the Sr coverage can be measured by observing the element diffusion prevention layer 6 with a transmission electron microscope and mapping Sr. Specifically, in the longitudinal section of the solid oxide fuel cell 1, a straight line 9 parallel to the interface 8 between the solid electrolyte layer 2 and the intermediate layer 5 is drawn, and the total length of the parallel straight lines 9 is drawn. The ratio of the length of Sr in the parallel straight line 9 can be defined as the Sr coverage.
- the total length of the parallel straight lines 9 is set in the range of 3 to 4 ⁇ m.
- a plurality of parallel straight lines 9 are provided at an interval of 200 nm from the interface 8 between the solid electrolyte layer 2 and the intermediate layer 5 to the interface 28 between the intermediate layer 5 and the air electrode layer 3.
- FIG. 4 shows an example in which one straight line 9 parallel to the interface 8 between the solid electrolyte layer 2 and the intermediate layer 5 is drawn. Since the total length of the parallel straight line 9 is L1 and the length of the region where Sr exists in the parallel straight line 9 is (L2 + L3), the Sr coverage is given by the equation (L2 + L3) / L1 ⁇ 100. Desired.
- the lengths of the portions having no pores are summed to L1. For example, if the location containing pores occupies 10% of the entire parallel straight line 9 and the remaining 90% of the parallel straight line 9 is covered with Sr, the Sr coverage is 100%.
- the average particle size of the element diffusion preventing layer 6 is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 0.71 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size of the element diffusion prevention layer 6 is formed by reacting with the particle size of the composite oxide particles containing at least one rare earth element and Zr contained in the element diffusion prevention layer 6 and Sr. It is obtained by calculating the average value of the particle size of the SrZrO 3 particles.
- an observation image obtained by a transmission electron microscope can be used as in the case of measuring the Sr coverage.
- Solid Electrolyte Layer Precursor and Fuel Electrode Layer Precursor First, from the powder containing the constituent components of the solid electrolyte layer 2 and the powder containing the constituent components of the fuel electrode layer 4, the solid electrolyte layer precursor and the fuel electrode layer are prepared. A precursor is prepared. The solid electrolyte layer 2 and the fuel electrode layer 4 can be obtained by firing the solid electrolyte layer precursor and the fuel electrode layer precursor, respectively. Below, an example of the preparation methods of a solid electrolyte layer precursor and a fuel electrode layer precursor is shown.
- a powder obtained by mixing the constituent components of the solid electrolyte layer 2 is dispersed and mixed by a ball mill, and the mixed powder and a solvent in which a resin is dissolved are mixed to obtain a slurry.
- the resin for example, a butyral resin can be used, and as the solvent, for example, a mixed liquid of toluene and ethanol can be used.
- a green sheet (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “green sheet A”) as an example of the solid electrolyte layer precursor is produced from the obtained slurry by using a known forming method such as press forming or sheet forming. can do. In particular, a sheet molding method is preferably used.
- green sheet B which is an example of the fuel electrode layer precursor, uses a method similar to the method of manufacturing the green sheet A from powder mixed with constituent components. Can be produced.
- an intermediate layer precursor containing Zr is produced from the mixed powder containing Zr.
- the element diffusion preventing layer 6 containing Zr can be formed.
- middle layer precursor containing Zr is shown.
- a material for forming an element diffusion preventing layer containing Zr for example, a mixed powder of rare earth element oxide powder and ZrO 2 powder, an organic binder having a thermoplastic resin such as acrylic resin and polyvinyl alcohol, By mixing with a solvent such as isopropyl alcohol, a slurry which is an example of an intermediate layer precursor containing Zr (hereinafter, also referred to as “slurry C”) can be produced.
- a slurry C which is an example of an intermediate layer precursor containing Zr
- an intermediate layer precursor not containing Zr is prepared from a mixed powder not containing Zr.
- the portion containing Zr diffused during firing becomes the element diffusion preventing layer 6, and the other portion becomes the Zr-free layer 7.
- An intermediate layer forming material not containing Zr for example, a rare earth element oxide powder, an organic binder having a thermoplastic resin such as acrylic resin and polyvinyl alcohol, and a solvent such as isopropyl alcohol are mixed, and an intermediate containing no Zr A slurry that is an example of a layer precursor (hereinafter, also referred to as “slurry D”) can be produced.
- a rare earth element oxide powder for example, an organic binder having a thermoplastic resin such as acrylic resin and polyvinyl alcohol, and a solvent such as isopropyl alcohol
- slurry D an intermediate containing no Zr
- element diffusion preventing layer As an example of a method for forming the element diffusion preventing layer 6, there is a method of simultaneously firing the solid electrolyte layer precursor and the intermediate layer precursor containing Zr. it can. After firing, the intermediate layer precursor containing Zr becomes the element diffusion preventing layer 6. Specific examples are shown below.
- the slurry C is applied to the surface of the green sheet B.
- a solid electrolyte layer is obtained from the green sheet A
- a fuel electrode layer is obtained from the green sheet B
- an element diffusion preventing layer is obtained from the slurry C.
- a laminate in which the solid electrolyte layer, the element diffusion prevention layer, and the fuel electrode layer are laminated in this order is obtained, and the entire intermediate layer becomes the element diffusion prevention layer.
- the method of forming the element diffusion preventing layer 6 a method of simultaneously firing the solid electrolyte layer precursor, the intermediate layer precursor containing Zr, and the intermediate layer precursor not containing Zr. Can be mentioned. After firing, the intermediate layer precursor containing Zr becomes the element diffusion preventing layer 6. In addition, after firing, in the intermediate layer precursor not containing Zr, the portion where Zr has moved becomes the element diffusion preventing layer 6, but the portion where Zr does not move becomes the Zr-free layer 7. Specific examples are shown below. For example, after the green sheet A and the green sheet B are laminated and pressure-bonded, the slurry C and the slurry D are applied in this order on the surface of the green sheet.
- the green sheet A that is the solid electrolyte layer precursor and the slurry C that is the intermediate layer precursor containing Zr are simultaneously fired, and the intermediate layer precursor containing Zr becomes element diffusion.
- the intermediate layer precursor containing Zr becomes element diffusion.
- Zr contained in the slurry C diffuses into the slurry D, so that a part of the slurry D contains Zr.
- an element diffusion preventing layer is also formed from a part of the slurry D. It is formed.
- the element diffusion preventing layer 6 can be formed by firing the intermediate layer precursor at a temperature lower than the firing temperature of the solid electrolyte layer precursor.
- An example of the method is shown below.
- the green sheet A and the green sheet B are laminated and pressure-bonded, and fired at a temperature of 1400 ° C., thereby obtaining a temporary laminate composed of the solid electrolyte layer 2 and the fuel electrode layer 4.
- the intermediate layer 5 can be obtained by applying an intermediate layer precursor to the temporary laminate and firing the intermediate layer precursor at a temperature of 1180 ° C. to 1400 ° C. *
- an element diffusion preventing layer is formed from at least a part of the layer precursor.
- an element diffusion preventing layer is formed from at least a part of the intermediate layer precursor by diffusing Zr in the solid electrolyte layer or the solid electrolyte layer precursor into the intermediate layer precursor.
- the green sheet A and the green sheet B are laminated and pressure-bonded, and fired at a temperature of 1400 ° C., thereby obtaining a temporary laminate composed of the solid electrolyte layer 2 containing Zr and the fuel electrode layer 4.
- Zr contained in the solid electrolyte layer 2 diffuses into the slurry D by applying the slurry D to the surface of the solid electrolyte layer 2 in this temporary laminate and firing at a temperature of 1180 ° C. to 1400 ° C.
- An element diffusion preventing layer is formed after firing.
- Another example of firing a solid electrolyte layer precursor containing Zr and an intermediate layer precursor not containing Zr is shown below. First, the green sheet A and the green sheet B containing Zr are laminated and pressure-bonded.
- a conductive ceramic fine powder for forming an air electrode for example, a slurry composed of an LSCF fine powder, an organic binder, and a solvent is applied on the intermediate layer of the fired body formed as described above.
- a coating layer for the air electrode layer is formed.
- an air electrode layer is formed, and a solid oxide fuel cell having a structure as shown in FIG. 1 can be obtained.
- a method for producing a solid oxide fuel cell in the present invention Producing a solid electrolyte layer precursor and a fuel electrode layer precursor containing YSZ; Producing a first laminate by laminating and bonding a precursor of a solid electrolyte layer and a precursor of a fuel electrode layer; and Producing a first fired body in which a solid electrolyte layer and a fuel electrode layer are laminated by firing the first laminate; A step of producing a second laminate by laminating an intermediate layer precursor not containing Zr on the surface on the solid electrolyte layer side of the first fired body; Producing a second fired body in which the fuel electrode layer, the solid electrolyte layer, and the intermediate layer are laminated by firing the second laminated body; A step of producing a third laminated body by laminating a precursor of an air electrode layer on the surface on the intermediate layer side in the second fired body; And firing the third laminate.
- a method for producing a solid oxide fuel cell characterized in that the temperature for firing the second laminate is 1180 ° C. or higher and 1400 ° C. or lower.
- the fuel cell stack 11 is formed by connecting a plurality of solid oxide fuel cells 1 in series electrically.
- An example of the fuel cell stack 11 is shown in FIGS.
- a large number of power generation layers 12 having the solid oxide fuel cell 1 as a main part are stacked in series in the vertical direction of the figure with a metal inter-cell separator 13 interposed therebetween. Is formed. *
- each solid oxide fuel cell 1 is electrically connected to the inter-cell separator 13 (bottom body 18 at the lower end) by the fuel electrode side current collector 14, and each air electrode layer 3. Is electrically connected to the other inter-cell separator 13 (the lid 17 at the upper end) through the brazing material 16 by the air electrode side current collector 15.
- Each power generation layer 12 includes an isolation separator 21 for isolating the fuel gas flow path 19 and the air flow path 20 of the oxidant gas. Further, in order to electrically insulate the power generation layers 12 from each other, a frame body 22 made of an insulator such as ceramic is disposed at a predetermined portion in the stacking direction. *
- the fuel cell stack 11 can be used for various applications as a battery capable of outputting a high voltage. Specifically, the fuel cell stack 11 can be used as a solid oxide fuel cell housed in a housing container. As long as the power generation performance of the battery is not impaired, a conventionally known material and size container can be used as the storage container.
- the solid oxide fuel cell of the present invention can be used, for example, as a power generation source in a small cogeneration system for home use or as a power generation source in a large cogeneration system for business use. *
- a solid oxide fuel cell having the solid oxide fuel cell 1 of the present invention is prepared.
- the solid oxide fuel cell is heated to a high temperature of 700 to 1000 ° C.
- a metal element represented by Sr diffuses from the air electrode layer 3 of each cell toward the solid electrolyte layer 2.
- the diffused metal element reacts in the element diffusion preventing layer 6 and is prevented from reaching the solid electrolyte layer 2.
- the solid oxide fuel cell 1 of the present invention has a property that the Sr coverage in the element diffusion preventing layer is 90% or less even after an accelerated heating test at 1000 ° C. and 100 hr for a long time.
- the solid oxide fuel cell of the present invention the electric resistance in the element diffusion preventing layer 6 is prevented from becoming too large even after operating for a long time under normal operating conditions, It can suppress that power generation performance falls.
- Example 1 (1) Production of Green Sheet for Solid Electrolyte Layer For YSZ powder having a specific surface area of 5 to 7 m 2 / g by BET method, butyral resin and plasticizer dioctyl phthalate (DOP) Then, a dispersant and a mixed solvent of toluene and ethanol were added and mixed by a ball mill to prepare a slurry. A green sheet for a solid electrolyte layer having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m was obtained by using a doctor blade method on the obtained slurry.
- DOP plasticizer dioctyl phthalate
- NiO powder having a specific surface area of 3 to 4 m 2 / g by BET method is weighed to 55 parts by mass in terms of Ni weight, and BET method Was mixed with 45 parts by mass of YSZ powder having a specific surface area of 5 to 7 m 2 / g to obtain a mixed powder.
- a butyral resin, DOP as a plasticizer, a dispersant, and a mixed solvent of toluene and ethanol were added and mixed in a ball mill to prepare a slurry.
- a green sheet for a fuel electrode active layer having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m was obtained by using a doctor blade method for the obtained slurry.
- the thickness of the element diffusion prevention layer formed after firing (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “the thickness of the initial element diffusion prevention layer”) and the thickness of the intermediate layer were measured by the methods described later.
- the thickness of the element diffusion preventing layer was 200 nm, and the thickness of the intermediate layer was 3 ⁇ m.
- Formation of an air electrode layer A mixed liquid composed of La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3 powder having an average particle diameter of 2 ⁇ m and isopropyl alcohol was prepared.
- the prepared liquid mixture was spray-coated on the surface of the element diffusion preventing layer in the laminate and fired at 1100 ° C. to form an air electrode layer, thereby obtaining a solid oxide fuel cell.
- (6) Accelerated heating test The solid oxide fuel cell obtained in the above (5) was allowed to stand in an electric furnace, and the temperature in the electric furnace was increased from room temperature to 1000 ° C under the condition of + 4 ° C / min. . After maintaining at 1000 ° C. for 100 hours, the temperature in the electric furnace was lowered to room temperature over 10 hours.
- the average particle size of the element diffusion prevention layer is measured by “Mizutani Satoshi, Ozaki Yoshiharu, Kimura Toshio, Yamaguchi Satoshi,“ Ceramic Processing ”, Gihodo Publishing Co., Ltd., published on March 25, 1985, pages 192 to 195. Specifically, 10 or more straight lines parallel to the interface were drawn on the element diffusion prevention layer, and the length of the particles of the element diffusion prevention layer located on the straight line was measured. The average value of these lengths was taken as the average particle size, and then the thickness of the element diffusion prevention layer was measured: a solid electrolyte layer and an intermediate layer, or an air electrode layer and an intermediate layer.
- a straight line was drawn on one of the interfaces, and a 3 ⁇ m line analysis was performed in the direction of the intermediate layer at a right angle to the straight line drawn on this interface, but perpendicular to the straight line drawn on this interface.
- the measurement of the line analysis was performed at intervals of 6 nm at 500 points and 1 point / sec.In the obtained line analysis results, the molar ratio of Ce and Zr was 0.6: 1 to 1: The range of 0.15 was designated as the element diffusion prevention layer, and the thickness of the element diffusion prevention layer was measured to be 600 nm (8) Measurement of Sr coverage rate Accelerated heating was carried out by the same method as in (7) above.
- a sample for measurement was prepared from the solid oxide fuel cell after the test, and this sample for measurement was observed with a transmission electron microscope with an electron beam of 200 kV, centering on the intermediate layer in the observed image. Then, a square of 3.5 ⁇ m square was set so that the interface between the solid electrolyte layer and the intermediate layer and the interface between the air electrode layer and the intermediate layer were included, and Sr mapping was performed inside the square. When the maximum cow In the obtained Sr mapping diagram, a straight line was drawn at the interface between the solid electrolyte layer and the intermediate layer, and the interface was drawn every 200 nm from the solid electrolyte layer to the air electrode layer.
- Example 2 In the process of preparing (4) intermediate layer forming slurry, printing and firing, the intermediate layer has a thickness of 3 ⁇ m and the initial element diffusion prevention layer has a thickness of 300 nm. Except that, the experiment was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1, the thickness of the element diffusion prevention layer, the average particle diameter of the element diffusion prevention layer, and the Sr coverage were measured, and the deterioration rate was calculated. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below. *
- Example 3 In the process of preparation, printing, and firing of the slurry for forming the intermediate layer (4), firing is performed at 1250 ° C., the thickness of the intermediate layer is 3 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the initial element diffusion prevention layer is 400 nm. Except that, the experiment was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1, the thickness of the element diffusion prevention layer, the average particle diameter of the element diffusion prevention layer, and the Sr coverage were measured, and the deterioration rate was calculated. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below. *
- Example 4 In the process of preparation, printing, and firing of the slurry for forming the intermediate layer (4), firing at 1300 ° C., the thickness of the intermediate layer becomes 3 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the initial element diffusion preventing layer becomes 800 nm. Except that, the experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, the average particle diameter and thickness of the element diffusion prevention layer and the Sr coverage were measured, and the deterioration rate was calculated. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below. *
- Example 5 (Example 5) (4) In the process of preparation, printing, and firing of the slurry for forming the intermediate layer, firing at 1350 ° C., the thickness of the intermediate layer becomes 3 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the initial element diffusion prevention layer becomes 1300 nm. Except that, the experiment was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1, the thickness of the element diffusion prevention layer, the average particle diameter of the element diffusion prevention layer, and the Sr coverage were measured, and the deterioration rate was calculated. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below. *
- Example 6 In the process of preparation, printing, and firing of the slurry for forming the intermediate layer (4), firing is performed at 1400 ° C., the thickness of the intermediate layer is 3 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the initial element diffusion preventing layer is 2000 nm. Except that, the experiment was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1, the thickness of the element diffusion prevention layer, the average particle diameter of the element diffusion prevention layer, and the Sr coverage were measured, and the deterioration rate was calculated. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below. *
- Example 7 (4) In the process of preparing, printing, and firing the slurry for forming the intermediate layer, except that the intermediate layer has a thickness of 3 ⁇ m and the initial element diffusion prevention layer has a thickness of 100 nm.
- the thickness of the element diffusion prevention layer, the average particle diameter of the element diffusion prevention layer, and the Sr coverage were measured, and the deterioration rate was calculated.
- the results are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below. Since the cell IR resistance value after the accelerated heating test was extremely large and could not be measured, it was indicated by “ ⁇ ” in the table. In addition, since the deterioration rate cannot be obtained, it is indicated by “ ⁇ ” in the table. However, the deterioration rate is close to 100% considering that the cell IR resistance value after the accelerated heating test is extremely large. It was estimated.
- Example 8 In the process of preparing (4) intermediate layer forming slurry, printing and baking, the intermediate layer has a thickness of 3 ⁇ m and the initial element diffusion prevention layer has a thickness of 2500 nm. Except that, the experiment was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1, the thickness of the element diffusion prevention layer, the average particle diameter of the element diffusion prevention layer, and the Sr coverage were measured, and the deterioration rate was calculated. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below. *
- Example 9 In the process of preparation, printing, and firing of the slurry for forming the intermediate layer (4), firing is performed at 1450 ° C., the thickness of the intermediate layer is 3 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the initial element diffusion preventing layer is 3000 nm. Except that, the experiment was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1, the thickness of the element diffusion prevention layer, the average particle diameter of the element diffusion prevention layer, and the Sr coverage were measured, and the deterioration rate was calculated. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below. *
- Examples 1 to 10 a graph in which the thickness of the element diffusion prevention layer after the accelerated heating test is plotted against the firing temperature of the intermediate layer is shown in FIG.
- a graph plotting the coverage is shown in FIG. 6, and a graph plotting the average particle size of the element diffusion prevention layer after the accelerated heating test against the thickness of the element diffusion prevention layer after the accelerated heating test is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8 shows a graph in which the Sr coverage is plotted against the average particle diameter of the element diffusion prevention layer after the heating test
- FIG. 9 shows a graph in which the deterioration rate is plotted against the Sr coverage.
- a graph plotting the initial cell IR resistance against temperature is shown in FIG. Each plot in FIGS.
- Example 5 6, 7, 8, and 10 in order from the left of the graph
- Example 8 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, Example 4, Example 5, Example 6, Example 7, Example 9, and This corresponds to Example 10.
- Each plot in FIG. 9 corresponds to Example 10, Example 9, Example 7, Example 6, Example 5, Example 4, Example 3, Example 2, Example 1, and Example 8 in order from the left of the graph. 5 on the horizontal axis of FIG. 5 and the horizontal axis of FIG. 10 indicates “intermediate layer firing temperature”, and B1 on the vertical axis of FIG. 5, the horizontal axis of FIG. 6 and the horizontal axis of FIG. 7 indicates the “thickness of the element diffusion prevention layer after the test”, and B2 on the vertical axis in FIG. 7 and the horizontal axis in FIG.
- Example 7 the observation photograph at the time of implementing mapping of Sr between a solid electrolyte layer and an air electrode layer using the transmission electron microscope was shown in FIG. A white point in the figure indicates a point where Sr is counted. *
- Example 8 in which the thickness of the element diffusion prevention layer after the accelerated heating test is smaller than 600 nm and the Sr coverage is larger than 90%, the deterioration rate is 100%, and the power generation performance of the solid oxide fuel cell is significantly reduced. It was shown that. On the other hand, in Examples 1 to 7 in which the thickness of the element diffusion prevention layer after the accelerated heating test is 600 nm or more and 2000 nm or less and the Sr coverage is 90% or less, the thickness of the element diffusion prevention layer having a large electric resistance is reduced.
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Abstract
Description
(1) 固体電解質層と、前記固体電解質層の一方の面側に形成され、少なくともSrが含有される空気極層と、
前記固体電解質層の他方の面側に形成された燃料極層とを有し、
前記固体電解質層と前記空気極層との間に中間層を形成した固体酸化物形燃料電池セルにおいて、
前記中間層の少なくとも一部に元素拡散防止層を有し、
前記元素拡散防止層は、少なくとも1種の希土類元素とZrとを含有する複合酸化物からなり、
前記固体酸化物形燃料電池セルに、大気中1000℃で100hrの加速加熱試験をした場合に、
前記元素拡散防止層の厚みが600nm以上2000nm以下であり、且つSr被覆率が90%以下となることを特徴とする固体酸化物形燃料電池セルである。(2) 前記加速加熱試験をした場合に、前記元素拡散防止層の平均粒径は、0.5μm以上0.71μm以下であることを特徴とする前記(1)に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セルであることが好ましい。(3) 前記元素拡散防止層に含有される前記希土類元素は、Ce及びGdの少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする前記(1)又は(2)に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セルであることが好ましい。(4) 前記中間層はGDCを含有し、
前記元素拡散防止層が、前記固体電解質との界面に配置されてなることを特徴とする前記(1)~(3)のいずれか一項に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セルであることが好ましい。(5) 前記元素拡散防止層はYSZとGDCとを含有し、
前記元素拡散防止層に含有されるCeとZrとのmol比(Ce/Zrモル比)が、0.6/1以上であって、1/0.15以下であることを特徴とする前記(1)~(4)のいずれか一項に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セルであることが好ましい。(6) 前記元素拡散防止層は、前記固体電解質層側ではZrのmol比が高く、前記空気極層側ではCeのmol比が高いことを特徴とする前記(5)に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セルであることが好ましい。(7) 前記元素拡散防止層は、固体電解質層前駆体とZrを含有する中間層前駆体とを同時に焼成することによって形成されることを特徴とする前記(1)~(6)のいずれか一項に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セルの製造方法である。(8) 前記元素拡散防止層は、固体電解質層前駆体の焼成温度以下の温度で、Zrを含有する中間層前駆体を焼成することによって形成されることを特徴とする前記(1)~(6)のいずれか一項に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セルの製造方法である。(9) 前記元素拡散防止層は、Zrを含有する固体電解質層又は該固体電解質層前駆体と、Zrを含有しない中間層前駆体とを焼成し、固体電解質層側から中間層側へとZrが拡散により形成されることを特徴とする前記(1)~(6)のいずれか一項に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セルの製造方法である。(10) 前記中間層前駆体の焼成温度が、1180℃以上1400℃以下であることを特徴とする前記(9)に記載の固体電解質形燃料電池セルの製造方法である。(11)前記(1)~(6)のいずれか一項に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セルを、電気的に直列に複数個接続してなることを特徴とする燃料電池セルスタックである。(12)前記(11)に記載の燃料電池セルスタックを収納容器に収納してなることを特徴とする固体酸化物形燃料電池である。
固体電解質層前駆体及び燃料極層前駆体を焼成することによって、それぞれ固体電解質層2及び燃料極層4を得ることができる。
以下に、固体電解質層前駆体及び燃料極層前駆体の作製方法の一例を示す。
例えば、固体電解質層2の構成成分を混合した粉末をボールミルによって分散混合し、この混合粉末と樹脂を溶解させた溶媒とを混ぜ合わせてスラリーを得る。
樹脂としては、例えばブチラール樹脂を使用することができ、溶媒としては、例えばトルエンとエタノールとの混合液を使用することができる。
得られたスラリーから、プレス成形、シート成形等の公知の成形方法を用いることによって、固体電解質層前駆体の一例であるグリーンシート(以下、「グリーンシートA」と称することがある。)を作製することができる。
特に、シート成形法を用いることが好ましく、具体的には、スラリーをドクターブレード法等によりPETフィルム等の支持体上に塗布し、その後、スラリー中の溶剤成分を蒸発させる方法を用いることができる。
この方法によると、容易に均質なサンプルを得ることができる。
燃料極層前駆体の一例であるグリーンシート(以下、「グリーンシートB」と称することがある。)は、構成成分を混合した粉末から、前記グリーンシートAを作製した方法と同様の方法を用いることによって作製することができる。
YSZを含有する固体電解質層の前駆体と燃料極層の前駆体とを作製する工程と、
固体電解質層の前駆体と燃料極層の前駆体とを積層圧着することによって第1積層体を作製する工程と、
前記第1積層体を焼成することによって固体電解質層と燃料極層とが積層された第1焼成体を作製する工程と、
前記第1焼成体における固体電解質層側の表面に、Zrを含有しない中間層前駆体を積層することによって第2積層体を作製する工程と、
前記第2積層体を焼成することによって燃料極層と固体電解質層と中間層とが積層された第2焼成体を作製する工程と、
前記第2焼成体における中間層側の表面に、空気極層の前駆体を積層することによって第3積層体を作製する工程と、
前記第3積層体を焼成する工程とを有し、
前記第2積層体を焼成する温度が1180℃以上1400℃以下であることを特徴とする固体酸化物形燃料電池セルの製造方法が挙げられる。
このような製造方法によって、元素拡散防止層の粒径が大きく成長しすぎることを抑制することができるとともに、元素拡散防止層の厚みを十分に薄くすることができる。よって、初期の発電性能に優れた固体酸化物形燃料電池セルを製造することができる。
(例7)
前記(4)中間層形成用スラリーの調製、印刷、及び焼成の過程において、1150℃で焼成し、中間層の厚みが3μmとなり、初期元素拡散防止層の厚みが100nmとなるようにした以外は、例1と同様に実験を行い、元素拡散防止層の厚みと元素拡散防止層の平均粒径とSr被覆率とを測定し、劣化率を計算した。結果を以下の表1及び表2に示す。なお、加速加熱試験後セルIR抵抗値が極めて大きく、測定不能であったので、表中は「-」にて示した。また、劣化率も求めることが出来ないので、表中は「-」にて示したが、加速加熱試験後セルIR抵抗値が極めて大きいことを勘案すると、劣化率は100%に近い値であると推定された。
2:固体電解質層
3:空気極層
4:燃料極層
5:中間層
6:元素拡散防止層
7:Zr非含有層
8、28:界面
9:平行な直線
10:高抵抗領域
11:燃料電池セルスタック
12:発電層
13:セル間セパレータ
14:燃料極層側集電体
15:空気極層側集電体
16:ろう材
17:蓋体
18:底体
19:燃料ガスの流路
20:酸化剤ガスの流路
21:隔離セパレータ
22:枠体
Claims (12)
- 固体電解質層と、前記固体電解質層の一方の面側に形成され、少なくともSrが含有される空気極層と、
前記固体電解質層の他方の面側に形成された燃料極層とを有し、
前記固体電解質層と前記空気極層との間に中間層を形成した固体酸化物形燃料電池セルにおいて、
前記中間層の少なくとも一部に元素拡散防止層を有し、
前記元素拡散防止層は、少なくとも1種の希土類元素とZrとを含有する複合酸化物からなり、
前記固体酸化物形燃料電池セルに、大気中1000℃で100hrの加速加熱試験をした場合に、
前記元素拡散防止層の厚みが600nm以上2000nm以下であり、且つSr被覆率が90%以下となることを特徴とする固体酸化物形燃料電池セル。 - 前記加速加熱試験をした場合に、前記元素拡散防止層の平均粒径は、0.5μm以上0.71μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セル。
- 前記元素拡散防止層に含有される前記希土類元素は、Ce及びGdの少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セル。
- 前記中間層はGDCを含有し、
前記元素拡散防止層が、前記固体電解質層との界面に配置されてなることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セル。 - 前記元素拡散防止層はYSZとGDCとを含有し、
前記元素拡散防止層に含有されるCeとZrとのmol比(Ce/Zrモル比)が、0.6/1以上であって、1/0.15以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セル。 - 前記元素拡散防止層は、前記固体電解質層側ではZrのmol比が高く、前記空気極層側ではCeのmol比が高いことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セル。
- 前記元素拡散防止層は、固体電解質層前駆体とZrを含有する中間層前駆体とを同時に焼成することによって形成されることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セルの製造方法。
- 前記元素拡散防止層は、固体電解質層前駆体の焼成温度以下の温度で、Zrを含有する中間層前駆体を焼成することによって形成されることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セルの製造方法。
- 前記元素拡散防止層は、Zrを含有する固体電解質層又は該固体電解質層前駆体と、Zrを含有しない中間層前駆体とを焼成し、固体電解質層側から中間層側へとZrが拡散することにより形成されることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セルの製造方法。
- 前記中間層前駆体の焼成温度が、1180℃以上1400℃以下であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の固体電解質形燃料電池セルの製造方法。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セルを、電気的に直列に複数個接続してなることを特徴とする燃料電池セルスタック。
- 請求項11に記載の燃料電池セルスタックを収納容器に収納してなることを特徴とする固体酸化物形燃料電池。
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| US14/903,821 US20160164108A1 (en) | 2013-07-11 | 2014-06-27 | Solid oxide fuel cell, production method therefor, fuel-cell stack, and solid oxide fuel battery |
| EP14822374.6A EP3021393B1 (en) | 2013-07-11 | 2014-06-27 | Solid oxide fuel cell, manufacturing method therefor, fuel-cell stack, and solid oxide fuel-cell device |
| CN201480039613.4A CN105378996B (zh) | 2013-07-11 | 2014-06-27 | 固体氧化物型燃料电池单元、其制造方法、燃料电池单元组及固体氧化物型燃料电池 |
| KR1020167003157A KR101953959B1 (ko) | 2013-07-11 | 2014-06-27 | 고체 산화물형 연료 전지 셀, 그 제조 방법, 연료 전지 셀 스택, 및 고체 산화물형 연료 전지 |
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| US20160164108A1 (en) | 2016-06-09 |
| EP3021393A4 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
| CN105378996A (zh) | 2016-03-02 |
| CN105378996B (zh) | 2017-09-22 |
| JP5676038B2 (ja) | 2015-02-25 |
| JP2015035416A (ja) | 2015-02-19 |
| CA2917401A1 (en) | 2015-01-15 |
| KR20160030246A (ko) | 2016-03-16 |
| CA2917401C (en) | 2018-02-27 |
| KR101953959B1 (ko) | 2019-03-04 |
| DK3021393T3 (da) | 2019-07-15 |
| EP3021393A1 (en) | 2016-05-18 |
| EP3021393B1 (en) | 2019-04-03 |
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