WO2015002565A1 - Hybrid quantum dot/metal-organic led white light source - Google Patents
Hybrid quantum dot/metal-organic led white light source Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015002565A1 WO2015002565A1 PCT/RU2013/000559 RU2013000559W WO2015002565A1 WO 2015002565 A1 WO2015002565 A1 WO 2015002565A1 RU 2013000559 W RU2013000559 W RU 2013000559W WO 2015002565 A1 WO2015002565 A1 WO 2015002565A1
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- metal
- organic
- quantum dots
- phosphor
- white light
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/02—Use of particular materials as binders, particle coatings or suspension media therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
- H10K50/115—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers comprising active inorganic nanostructures, e.g. luminescent quantum dots
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
Definitions
- This invention relates to the field of optics, in particular, to electroluminescent nanostructures, and can be used to create efficient devices for displaying the alphanumeric and graphic information. Urgency of creation of new generation alphanumeric displays is conditioned by the growing flow of visual information and the progress in computer technology.
- OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode
- each active layer and thus each device provides emission of different wavelength (e.g., red, green, blue - RGB), which eventually leads to the additive formation of white colour.
- RGB red, green, blue - RGB
- Hybrid materials are organic matrices with embedded quantum dots (nanoparticles) .
- semiconductor two-component nanocrystals are used as quantum dots [V.Wood, V.Bulovic, Nano Reviews 1(2010)5202].
- the emission wavelength is proportional to the size of nanoparticle, there is a fundamental problem of the synthesis of quantum dots that would emit in the blue spectral region, which is required to create a source of white light. Therefore, it is necessary to create hybrid system on the basis of quantum dot phosphors, supplemented with phosphors of a different class emitting in blue spectral region, in order to create the single-layer phosphor for white light OLED.
- the active layer provides emission in different parts of visible spectrum depending on the size of quantum dots: from red (d ⁇ 6 nm) to blue-green (d ⁇ 2 nm) . At the same time, further reducing of the size of quantum dots is impossible, which makes it impossible to obtain on their basis the source of blue, and, consequently, white light.
- organic light emitting diode according to the simplest diagram is used (see Fig. 1) , in which onto the transparent substrate (7) (glass or polymer film (e.g., PET)) the following substances are applied sequentially: first transparent conductive anode (6) (e.g., ITO) , then hole-conducting layer (3) (e.g., TPD) , afterwards the layer of emission material (4) at a certain distance from electron-conducting layer (2) (e.g., Alq3) , and at the final stage the cathode (1) (e.g., CaAl) .
- transparent substrate (7) glass or polymer film (e.g., PET)
- hole-conducting layer (3) e.g., TPD
- emission material (4) at a certain distance from electron-conducting layer (2) (e.g., Alq3)
- cathode (1) e.g., CaAl
- the layer of metal-organic compound emitting in blue spectrum region e.g., complex of zinc with Schiff base, Table 1
- doped by different size nanoparticles that emit in green and red spectrum regions depending on their size e.g., CdSe/CdS
- the emission layer is applied by spin-coating method from the solution of the metal-organic phosphor mixed with the certain amount of quantum dots, which forms the monolayer during the deposition by the spin-coating method. Then a certain amount of emission material doped by quantum dots is spin-coated onto the layer that contains monolayer of quantum dots . All the other layers, including anode and cathode, are thermally evaporated in a vacuum chamber or spin-coated.
- the typical thicknesses of hole-conducting and electron-conducting layers are 10-200 nm. Under number (8) in Fig. 1 the emitted light is marked, whose spectrum is determined by used metal- organic phosphor and the size of nanoparticles.
- the metal-organic phosphor Under the current flow the metal-organic phosphor is excited and then is returns to the ground state either through emission of light in blue region, or by passing the excitation energy to one of nanoparticles. At the same time, the nanoparticle is excited and then emits light in green or red spectral region. Selection of nanoparticle concentration of different size in accordance with the utilized phosphor results in obtaining of light with the spectrum corresponding to the white light.
- Wavelength of nanoparticle luminescence depends on its size. Since the electron in nanoparticle behaves like the electron in a three-dimensional potential well, it has a number of stationary energy levels with a typical distance between them being equal to —— , where m is effective mass an
- d is a size of nanoparticle.
- the photon can be emitted by transition between energy levels of quantum dot. It is possible also to "throw" the electron to a high energy level, and obtain the emission from transition between lower lying levels (luminescence) .
- R 1 - aliphatic substituent including the possibility of connection R 1 -R 1 , and R 2 - acceptor substituent as in [A.V. Metselitsa, A.S. Burlov and others, Patent for an invention RU No.2295527] are proposed to be used as the metal- organic phosphors.
- Two-component semiconductor nanoparticles consisting of semiconductor core (e.g., CdSe, CdTe) and semiconductor nanoshell (e.g., CdS, ZnS .) synthesized by the method of colloidal chemistry [C.B.Murray, D.J.Norris, M.G.Bawendi, J.Am.Chem.Soc.
- nanoparticles 115(1993)8706] are proposed to be used as nanoparticles.
- the obtained nanoparticles should be coated with the surfactant (e.g., tri-n-octylphospine oxide - TOPO) to prevent aggregation.
- Diameter of nanoparticle core varies from 2.0 nm to 6.0 nm at shell thickness of 1.0-3.0 nm.
- Table 1 demonstrates the examples of the components of quantum dot organic light-emitting diode: the hole-conducting layer, the electron-conducting layer, two-component quantum dots and anode materials (indium tin oxide, ITO) , and cathode (alloy CaAl or MgAg) .
- nanoemitters - quantum dots (4) - are doped to the layer of metal-organic complex located between electron-conducting (2) and hole-conducting layers (3) .
- the substrate (7) can be glass or flexible transparent polymer (e.g., PET) coated with conductive transparent material (e.g., ITO) , which is the anode (6). Emitted light is marked as (8) .
- quantum dot based organic light emitting diode As the distributed white light source at the voltage of 5-10 V and obtain light brightness of about 100 cd/m 2 , which complies with the requirements for the standard computer monitors.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
Abstract
This invention relates to the field of optics, in particular, to electroluminescent nanostructures, and can be used at creating of efficient lighting devices of distributed light for inner lighting. It is proposed to use a construction of hybrid organic light emitting diode with an active layer based on a metal-organic phosphor doped by quantum dots that provides a source of distributed white light. Specific feature of design is the use of metal-organic phosphor as a blue light source, and the fact that emission of complementary colours is provided by quantum dots (nanoparticles), which are synthesized with possibility to change a diameter of semiconductor core within 2.0-6.0 nm and the thickness of semiconductor shell within 1.0-3.0 nm. An object to be achieved by means of this invention is creation of the white light source based on OLED device with use of one active layer on the basis of quantum dot hybrid material.
Description
HYBRID QUANTUM DOT/METAL-ORGANIC LED
WHITE LIGHT SOURCE
This invention relates to the field of optics, in particular, to electroluminescent nanostructures, and can be used to create efficient devices for displaying the alphanumeric and graphic information. Urgency of creation of new generation alphanumeric displays is conditioned by the growing flow of visual information and the progress in computer technology.
There is a number of approaches to solve this problem, but the most prospective is the use of OLED technology (OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode) , which allows to create low power organic light emitting devices with high consumer gualities. The use of organic materials makes it possible to easily manufacture large area devices, which is promising in production of the sources of white distributed light.
Nowadays the matrix based on three types of OLED devices on the basis of different active layers of different luminophores is used for these purposes. Each active layer, and thus each device provides emission of different wavelength (e.g., red, green, blue - RGB), which eventually leads to the additive formation of white colour. Such design is ultimately complicated from technological point of view, and use of this approach to create lighting fixtures based on OLED technology leads to their unprofitability .
It would be very attractive to create a device on the basis of a single-layer phosphor, which serves as a source of white light. This makes it necessary to use hybrid materials as active layers of OLED devices that would emit light with a wide spectrum while applying the voltage. Hybrid materials are organic matrices with embedded quantum dots (nanoparticles) . Presently, semiconductor two-component nanocrystals are used as quantum dots [V.Wood, V.Bulovic, Nano Reviews 1(2010)5202]. At the same time, since the emission wavelength is proportional to the size of nanoparticle, there is a fundamental problem of the synthesis of quantum dots that
would emit in the blue spectral region, which is required to create a source of white light. Therefore, it is necessary to create hybrid system on the basis of quantum dot phosphors, supplemented with phosphors of a different class emitting in blue spectral region, in order to create the single-layer phosphor for white light OLED.
The most appropriate technical solution for this problem is a light emitting organic diode based on quantum dots [Seth Coe-Sullivan et al, Organic Electronics 4 (2003) 123, Tae-Ho Kim et al, Nature Photonics 5 (2011) 176], whose main structural element is a monolayer of semiconductor quantum dots located on the border of hole- and electron-conducting layers .
The active layer provides emission in different parts of visible spectrum depending on the size of quantum dots: from red (d~6 nm) to blue-green (d~2 nm) . At the same time, further reducing of the size of quantum dots is impossible, which makes it impossible to obtain on their basis the source of blue, and, consequently, white light.
Problem specified in the Application is solved as follows. In the proposed invention organic light emitting diode according to the simplest diagram is used (see Fig. 1) , in which onto the transparent substrate (7) (glass or polymer film (e.g., PET)) the following substances are applied sequentially: first transparent conductive anode (6) (e.g., ITO) , then hole-conducting layer (3) (e.g., TPD) , afterwards the layer of emission material (4) at a certain distance from electron-conducting layer (2) (e.g., Alq3) , and at the final stage the cathode (1) (e.g., CaAl) .
At that, as emission material it is proposed to use the layer of metal-organic compound emitting in blue spectrum region (e.g., complex of zinc with Schiff base, Table 1) , doped by different size nanoparticles that emit in green and red spectrum regions depending on their size (e.g., CdSe/CdS) .
The emission layer is applied by spin-coating method from the solution of the metal-organic phosphor mixed with the certain amount of quantum dots, which forms the monolayer during the deposition by the spin-coating method. Then a certain amount of emission material doped by quantum dots is spin-coated onto the layer that contains monolayer of quantum dots . All the other layers, including anode and cathode, are thermally evaporated in a vacuum chamber or spin-coated. The typical thicknesses of hole-conducting and electron-conducting layers are 10-200 nm. Under number (8) in Fig. 1 the emitted light is marked, whose spectrum is determined by used metal- organic phosphor and the size of nanoparticles.
Under the current flow the metal-organic phosphor is excited and then is returns to the ground state either through emission of light in blue region, or by passing the excitation energy to one of nanoparticles. At the same time, the nanoparticle is excited and then emits light in green or red spectral region. Selection of nanoparticle concentration of different size in accordance with the utilized phosphor results in obtaining of light with the spectrum corresponding to the white light.
Wavelength of nanoparticle luminescence depends on its size. Since the electron in nanoparticle behaves like the electron in a three-dimensional potential well, it has a number of stationary energy levels with a typical distance between them being equal to —— , where m is effective mass an
2md
d is a size of nanoparticle. Similarly to transition between the atom energy levels, the photon can be emitted by transition between energy levels of quantum dot. It is possible also to "throw" the electron to a high energy level, and obtain the emission from transition between lower lying levels (luminescence) .
Mono- and hetero-ligand zinc complexes with organic N,N- donor ligands, the general formula of which is given in
I
Table 1, where R1 - aliphatic substituent, including the possibility of connection R1-R1, and R2 - acceptor substituent as in [A.V. Metselitsa, A.S. Burlov and others, Patent for an invention RU No.2295527] are proposed to be used as the metal- organic phosphors. Two-component semiconductor nanoparticles consisting of semiconductor core (e.g., CdSe, CdTe) and semiconductor nanoshell (e.g., CdS, ZnS .) synthesized by the method of colloidal chemistry [C.B.Murray, D.J.Norris, M.G.Bawendi, J.Am.Chem.Soc. , 115(1993)8706] are proposed to be used as nanoparticles. The obtained nanoparticles should be coated with the surfactant (e.g., tri-n-octylphospine oxide - TOPO) to prevent aggregation. Diameter of nanoparticle core varies from 2.0 nm to 6.0 nm at shell thickness of 1.0-3.0 nm.
Table 1 demonstrates the examples of the components of quantum dot organic light-emitting diode: the hole-conducting layer, the electron-conducting layer, two-component quantum dots and anode materials (indium tin oxide, ITO) , and cathode (alloy CaAl or MgAg) .
Table 1
Structural formula of TPD (Ν,Ν'-bis (3-methylphenyl) - IV,W-bis (phenyl) -benzidine) - hole-conducting layer
Core-shell quantum dot
Device operates as follows :
While a voltage is applied (about 3-50 V) between the electrodes (anode (6) and cathode (1)), the transport and recombination of charge carriers takes place, which leads to excitation of emission layer material. The excited molecules emit light in a blue spectral region as well as transfer excitation energy through resonance method based on Forster mechanism [Th. Forster, Ann. Phys . 437, 55 (1948)] to quantum dots that emit line-like light from in the green to red spectral region.
In the claimed device (see Fig.l) nanoemitters - quantum dots (4) - are doped to the layer of metal-organic complex located between electron-conducting (2) and hole-conducting layers (3) . The substrate (7) can be glass or flexible transparent polymer (e.g., PET) coated with conductive transparent material (e.g., ITO) , which is the anode (6). Emitted light is marked as (8) .
Therefore, proposed device possesses the following advantages:
1. Wide spectrum of emission that corresponds to white light due to the use of hybrid material: metal-organic layer doped with quantum dots;
2. Stability due to use of the semiconductor nanoparticles (quantum dots) , which are not exposed to the atmosphere effects [M . I . Baraton . Synthesis, Functionalization, and Surface Treatment of Nanoparticles. Am. Sci., Los- Angeles, 2002] as the light emitter;
3. High quantum yield. Comparison of luminescent properties of nanoparticles with rhodamine row colorants in solution and in condensed phase showed that in the condensed, phase the quantum yield of nanoparticle luminescence is by two orders of magnitude higher than the quantum yield of colorants [M Bruchez, Jr, M Moronne, P Gin, S Weiss, A Paul Alivisatos Semi conductor Nanocrystals as Fluorescent Biological Labels Science, 281 (1998)2013].
It is possible to use quantum dot based organic light emitting diode as the distributed white light source at the voltage of 5-10 V and obtain light brightness of about 100 cd/m2, which complies with the requirements for the standard computer monitors.
Claims
1. Hybrid phosphor material based on metal-organic material doped with quantum dots of a certain size and concentration, which exhibits a broad luminescence spectrum corresponding to white light, wherein as a metal-organic phosphor zinc complex with Ν,Ν-donor ligand of the following gener formula can act:
wherein:
R1 represents an alkyl group, a fluoroalkyl group, including a possibility of the R1-R1 bond, and R2 is an acceptor substituent;
wherein as quantum dots two-component semiconductor nanoparticles consisting of a semiconductor core (for example, CdSe, CdTe) and nanoshell semiconductors (eg, CdS, ZnS) can act, thereby the obtained nanoparticles should be coated with the surfactant (e.g., tri-n-octylphospine oxide - TOPO) to prevent aggregation, thereby concentration of quantum dots is determined by their size distributions so that the luminescence spectrum of the resulting hybrid phosphor had the coordinates in the range of x = (0.25.. 0.40), y = (0.25 .. 0.40) on the CIE diagram.
2. Hybrid phosphor material according to claim 1, where as a metal-organic phosphor a heteroligand zinc complex can act, wherein each ligand is determined as in claim 1.
3. Hybrid organic light-emitting diode with an active layer based on the phosphor according to claim 1, which provides a distributed source of white light, which characterized in that as a source of blue light a metal- organic phosphor is used, and the emission of complementary colors is provided by the quantum dots (nanoparticles), which
are synthesized with the possibility of changing the diameter of the semiconductor core within 2.0-6.0 nm and a shell thickness of the semiconductor within 1.0-3.0 nm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/RU2013/000559 WO2015002565A1 (en) | 2013-07-01 | 2013-07-01 | Hybrid quantum dot/metal-organic led white light source |
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| PCT/RU2013/000559 WO2015002565A1 (en) | 2013-07-01 | 2013-07-01 | Hybrid quantum dot/metal-organic led white light source |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108630817A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-10-09 | 河南大学 | A kind of light emitting diode with quantum dots and preparation method thereof being suitable for illuminating application |
| US10163988B2 (en) | 2016-02-29 | 2018-12-25 | Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. | Light-emitting apparatus, method for forming light-emitting apparatus, and display apparatus |
| US10851298B2 (en) | 2018-08-30 | 2020-12-01 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Electronic device including quantum dots |
| US10988685B2 (en) | 2016-11-25 | 2021-04-27 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Quantum dots, a composition or composite including the same, and an electronic device including the same |
| US11958998B2 (en) | 2016-08-09 | 2024-04-16 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Compositions, quantum dot polymer composites prepared therefrom, and devices including the same |
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| RU2295527C1 (en) * | 2006-01-10 | 2007-03-20 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Ростовский Государственный Университет" (РГУ) | Zinc bis-[2-(tosylamino)benzylidene-n-alkyl(aryl, hetaryl)aminates], their using as luminophores |
| RU2395512C1 (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2010-07-27 | Федеральное Государственное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Южный Федеральный Университет" | Zinc bis[2-(tosylamino)benzylidene-1n-alkyliminates] having luminescent activity |
| WO2011147522A1 (en) * | 2010-05-27 | 2011-12-01 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Compositions comprising quantum dots |
-
2013
- 2013-07-01 WO PCT/RU2013/000559 patent/WO2015002565A1/en not_active Ceased
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| RU2295527C1 (en) * | 2006-01-10 | 2007-03-20 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Ростовский Государственный Университет" (РГУ) | Zinc bis-[2-(tosylamino)benzylidene-n-alkyl(aryl, hetaryl)aminates], their using as luminophores |
| RU2395512C1 (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2010-07-27 | Федеральное Государственное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Южный Федеральный Университет" | Zinc bis[2-(tosylamino)benzylidene-1n-alkyliminates] having luminescent activity |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| BERMEJO, MANUEL R. ET AL.: "Zinc and cadmium complexes with an achiral symmetric helicand. Crystal structure of an enantiomerically pure A-Zn(II) monohelicate.", NEW J. CHEM., vol. 26, 2002, pages 1365 - 1370, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/artielelanding/2002/nj/b201433p/unauth> * |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10163988B2 (en) | 2016-02-29 | 2018-12-25 | Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. | Light-emitting apparatus, method for forming light-emitting apparatus, and display apparatus |
| US11958998B2 (en) | 2016-08-09 | 2024-04-16 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Compositions, quantum dot polymer composites prepared therefrom, and devices including the same |
| US10988685B2 (en) | 2016-11-25 | 2021-04-27 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Quantum dots, a composition or composite including the same, and an electronic device including the same |
| US11186767B2 (en) | 2016-11-25 | 2021-11-30 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Quantum dots, a composition or composite including the same, and an electronic device including the same |
| US11421151B2 (en) | 2016-11-25 | 2022-08-23 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Light emitting device and display device including quantum dot |
| CN108630817A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-10-09 | 河南大学 | A kind of light emitting diode with quantum dots and preparation method thereof being suitable for illuminating application |
| US10851298B2 (en) | 2018-08-30 | 2020-12-01 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Electronic device including quantum dots |
| US11060026B2 (en) | 2018-08-30 | 2021-07-13 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Electronic device including quantum dots |
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