WO2015097836A1 - 電力変換装置および電力変換装置の制御方法 - Google Patents
電力変換装置および電力変換装置の制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015097836A1 WO2015097836A1 PCT/JP2013/085030 JP2013085030W WO2015097836A1 WO 2015097836 A1 WO2015097836 A1 WO 2015097836A1 JP 2013085030 W JP2013085030 W JP 2013085030W WO 2015097836 A1 WO2015097836 A1 WO 2015097836A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/16—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents
- H03K17/161—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents in field-effect transistor switches
- H03K17/165—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents in field-effect transistor switches by feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
- H03K17/166—Soft switching
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0009—Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0029—Circuits or arrangements for limiting the slope of switching signals, e.g. slew rate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/40—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC
- H02M5/42—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters
- H02M5/44—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC
- H02M5/453—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M5/458—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power converter and a method for controlling the power converter.
- silicon carbide (SiC), gallium nitride (GaN), and the like have attracted attention as wide bandgap semiconductor devices having the performance to overcome the physical property limit of silicon (Si), and are expected as next-generation power semiconductor devices. .
- These materials are semiconductor elements having characteristics that the breakdown voltage is about 10 times, the thermal conductivity is about 3 times, the melting point is about 2 times, and the saturation electron velocity is about 2 times compared to Si. Since it has a high dielectric breakdown voltage, the drift layer for ensuring the withstand voltage can be thinned to about 1/10, and the on-voltage of the power semiconductor can be lowered.
- [Claim 1] of Patent Document 1 states that “when the current detected by the current sense is less than or equal to a predetermined value, the gate resistance value of the switching element is R 1, and the current detected by the current sense exceeds the predetermined value. If the temperature detected by the temperature sense exceeds a predetermined temperature, the gate resistance value is set to R 2 smaller than R 1, and the current detected by the current sense exceeds a predetermined value and the temperature sense In the semiconductor switching device, the gate resistance value of the switching element is set to R 1 when the temperature detected in step 1 is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature.
- a detection means for detecting a current supplied from an inverter to an induction motor and detecting a component proportional to an effective effect from the detected current, and the induction motor A discriminating means for discriminating whether the operation mode is power running or regenerative, and when the detected active component exceeds a predetermined limit value when the power running is detected by the discriminating means, the output frequency and output voltage of the inverter
- an overload control device for an induction motor comprising: means for gradually reducing the above with a predetermined time constant.
- Patent Document 1 states that the [Effect of the invention] in paragraph [0018] states that “when the load current is less than or equal to a predetermined value, the gate resistance value is increased to reduce noise generation, and the load current exceeds the predetermined value.
- the gate resistance is reduced to reduce switching loss and prevent thermal destruction, and even if the load current exceeds a predetermined value, the element temperature
- the noise is reduced rather than the switching loss by increasing the gate resistance.
- the switching speed of the power semiconductor switching element tends to become slow even with the same gate resistance value as the element temperature increases or as the current flowing through the element increases. That is, it can be said that the smaller the current flowing through the element, the faster the switching speed and the greater the noise level.
- the power converter does not necessarily have a built-in temperature detector.
- a temperature detector is not built in a naturally-cooled power conversion apparatus that is not equipped with a cooling fan.
- the temperature time constant of the switching element chip itself is short.
- a special chip in which a diode for temperature detection is configured on the switching element chip is required, which makes the chip expensive.
- the thermal time constant of the cooling body is slow, it takes some time (usually several tens of seconds to several tens of minutes: depending on the thermal time constant of the cooling body) to detect an overload with the temperature detector mounted on the cooling body. ) Is required, and there is a problem that it is difficult to immediately detect an overload and vary the gate resistance.
- the free-wheeling diode connected in parallel to the switching element and the switching element constituting the inverse converter, for example, when the power factor at the time of load is 0.8, 80% of the output current of the power converter is an average. Therefore, the remaining 20% flows to the freewheeling diode.
- the potential change dV / dt of the switching element changes depending on the characteristics of the free wheeling diode, and the switching element itself in which no current flows (in this case, the lower arm UN of the U phase UN ).
- the effective current component or power factor is unknown only by the magnitude of the output current of the power converter and the detected temperature, and the ratio of the current sharing flowing through the switching element and the freewheeling diode is not known. There is a problem that proper gate control cannot be performed.
- the drift layer for securing a withstand voltage can be thinned to about 1/10 due to the high breakdown voltage characteristics that are characteristic of the wide band gap semiconductor element. While it is expected that the on-voltage of the power semiconductor can be lowered significantly, the on-speed and off-speed characteristic of the wide bandgap semiconductor device are extremely fast, so that further leakage current caused by steep dV / dt The problem of increasing noise and causing noise interference to peripheral devices and causing noise interference will arise.
- a forward converter that converts an AC voltage into a DC voltage
- a DC intermediate circuit that smoothes the DC voltage converted by the forward converter
- Inverter for converting voltage into AC voltage
- gate drive circuit for driving semiconductor switching element of the inverter
- current detector for detecting current flowing through the power converter
- detection by the current detector A control circuit that detects each current component value from the detected current and changes the gate resistance value of the gate drive circuit based on the detected current component value or the power factor value obtained from the current component value. It is a conversion device.
- a power conversion device that suppresses leakage current caused by dV / dt and suppresses malfunctions in the flow meter, pressure gauge, and sensors existing around the power conversion device due to noise, and a method for controlling the power conversion device Can be provided.
- Example 1 The form in Example 1 of the power converter device by this application is demonstrated below using figures.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a power conversion device 13 in the present embodiment.
- 1 is a forward converter for converting AC power to DC power
- 2 is a smoothing capacitor in a DC intermediate circuit
- 3 is DC power having an arbitrary frequency
- An inverse converter 4 for converting to AC power is an induction motor.
- 6 is a cooling fan for cooling the power module in the forward converter and the reverse converter
- 7 is a digital operation panel which can set, change, abnormal state and monitor display of various control data of the power converter.
- Reference numeral 5 denotes a control circuit that controls the switching elements of the inverse converter and controls the entire power conversion apparatus.
- the control circuit 5 is equipped with a microcomputer (control arithmetic unit) and is input from the digital operation panel 7. It is configured so that necessary control processing can be performed according to various control data.
- CT is a current detector that detects the U-phase and W-phase line currents of the induction motor.
- three CTs may be used to detect each U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase line current.
- the control circuit 5 controls the switching elements of the inverse converter 3 based on various control data input from the digital operation panel 7 and performs control processing necessary for the entire apparatus.
- a microcomputer control arithmetic unit that performs an operation based on information from storage data of a storage unit that stores various control data is mounted.
- a switching regulator circuit (DC / DC converter) is mounted in the gate drive circuit 8 to generate each DC voltage necessary for the operation of the power converter and supply these to each component.
- 9 is composed of an effective current component detection circuit and an effective current comparison circuit
- 10 is a current detection circuit
- 11 is composed of an effective current component / reactive current component detection circuit and a power factor calculation / comparison circuit
- 12 is a vector control circuit. It is.
- Reference numeral 13 denotes a power conversion device including a forward converter and an inverse converter. In the inverse converter 3, a SiC-MOSFET as a typical wide band gap semiconductor element is mounted.
- the operation panel 7 is provided with a display unit capable of displaying an abnormality. When an abnormality is detected in the power conversion device, the display is displayed on the display unit.
- the type of the operation panel 7 of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but the digital operation panel is configured so that the operation can be performed while viewing the display on the display unit in consideration of the operability of the apparatus user.
- the display unit is not necessarily configured integrally with the operation panel 7, but it is desirable that the display unit be configured integrally so that an operator of the operation panel 7 can operate while viewing the display.
- Various control data of the power converter input from the operation panel 7 is stored in a storage unit (not shown).
- FIG. 2A is a block diagram (first form) of sensorless vector control of the power conversion device according to the present application.
- the current detection circuit and the gate drive circuit in (a) correspond to the current detection circuit 10 and the gate drive circuit 8 shown in FIG. 1, and the other components in FIG. 2 are vectors in the control circuit 5 in FIG. 2 is a detailed configuration of the control circuit 12.
- Sensorless vector control is called DC motorization control of induction motors, and electric constant values such as primary resistance in induction motors are essential electric constant values for executing sensorless vector control. Specifically, it is stored in advance in a memory (not shown) inside the power converter. Moreover, you may measure electrical constant values, such as a primary side resistance in an induction motor, with an auto-tuning function.
- the user of the power conversion device may determine whether to use a value stored in advance in the memory inside the power conversion device or to use a value measured by the auto-tuning function.
- the current detector CT detects the line current of the induction motor, converts the current detected by the dq axis conversion unit into orthogonal dq axes, and decomposes it into an excitation current component Id and a torque current component Iq.
- the induction motor when the torque current component Iq is positive (Iq> 0) is set to the electric mode, it is found that when the torque current component Iq is negative (Iq ⁇ 0), the regeneration mode is set. That is, the sign of the torque current component Iq can determine whether the induction motor is in an electric state (electric motor) or a regenerative state (generator).
- torque current command Iq * may be used instead of the detected torque current component Iq.
- the orthogonal dq axes are virtual axes
- the names of the dq axes are not limited, and even if they are ⁇ axes, the axes need only be orthogonal. That is, the intention of the present application does not change even if the exciting current component Id and the torque current component Iq are replaced with the exciting current component I ⁇ and the torque current component I ⁇ .
- FIG.2 (b) is a block diagram (2nd form) of the vector control with a sensor of the power converter device which concerns on this application.
- the torque current comparison circuit compares the detected torque current component Iq with a preset torque current reference value Iqr. When Iq is smaller than Iqr, it is determined that the alternator is close to a no-load state and the gate resistance of the gate drive circuit is increased, and when Iq is greater than Iqr, the alternator is determined to be in a loaded state and gate Reduce the gate resistance of the drive circuit.
- torque current command Iq * may be used instead of the detected torque current component Iq.
- FIG. 3 is a timing diagram for detecting the effective current of the induction motor.
- the primary current i1 that flows to the primary side of the induction motor is expressed as follows.
- the primary current i1 is represented by the vector sum of the effective current component I1 (r) and the reactive current component I1 (i).
- the induction motor if the effective current component I1 (r) is positive ⁇ I1 (r)> 0 ⁇ and the electric mode is set, the effective current component I1 (r) is negative ⁇ I1 (r) ⁇ 0 ⁇ .
- the regeneration mode That is, it is possible to determine whether the induction motor is in an electric state (electric motor) or a regenerative state (generator) based on the sign of the effective current component I1 (r).
- the motor mode is selected, and when the power factor angle ⁇ is 90 ° to 180 °, the regeneration mode is selected. That is, it can be determined from the power factor angle ⁇ whether the induction motor is in an electric state (motor) or a regenerative state (generator).
- the effective current component Iu (r) is naturally in phase with the phase voltage Vu, and the reactive current component Iu (i) is naturally ⁇ / 2 (90 ° with respect to the phase voltage Vu. )
- the phase is delayed. This relationship does not depend on the load state of the induction motor. In other words, this relationship is always established whether the induction motor or induction generator is in an unloaded state or a loaded state.
- the currents at the time of ⁇ / 2 (90 °) and 3 ⁇ / 2 (270 °) are the ⁇ peak values of the effective current component Iu (r), and 0 (0 °)
- the current at the time of ⁇ (180 °) indicates the ⁇ peak value of the reactive current component Iu (i).
- the sampling points in the following phases represent the u-phase active current component and the u-phase reactive current component, respectively.
- Iu (i) 0 ⁇ u-phase effective current component Iu (r)
- Iu (r) 0 ⁇ u-phase reactive current component Iu (i)
- the v-phase current iv is in a state where the phase is delayed by 2 ⁇ / 3 (120 °) with respect to the u-phase current iu
- the w-phase current iw is The phase is 4 ⁇ / 3 (240 °) behind the current iu.
- the sampling points in the following phases represent the v-phase active current component and the v-phase reactive current component, respectively.
- Iv (i) 0 ⁇ v-phase effective current component Iv (r)
- Iv (r) 0 ⁇ v phase reactive current component Iv (i)
- Iw (i) 0 ⁇ w-phase effective current component Iw (r)
- Iw (r) 0 ⁇ w-phase reactive current component Iw (i) That is, by sampling and detecting the primary u-phase current at the time ⁇ ui of 0 (0 °) and ⁇ (180 °) with the phase voltage Vu as a reference, the u-phase reactive current component Iu (i) can be detected, By sampling and detecting the primary-side v-phase current at time points ⁇ vi of 2 ⁇ / 3 (120 °) and 5 ⁇ / 3 (300 °), the v-phase reactive current component Iv (i) can be detected, and ⁇ / 3 (60 ° ) And 4 ⁇ / 3 (240 °), it is clear that the w-phase reactive current component Iw (i) can be detected by sampling and detecting the primary-side w-phase
- the reactive current component can be detected by detecting the current in a specific phase with reference to the u-phase phase voltage Vu.
- the v-phase voltage Vv is used as a reference.
- the w-phase voltage Vw may be used as a reference.
- phase voltage Vu, the phase voltage Vv, and the phase voltage Vw are used as a reference, only the specific phase to be sampled differs depending on the reference phase voltage. If the specific phase point to be sampled is not mistaken, It is obvious that the ⁇ peak values are the same.
- the reactive current component I1 (i) can be detected by detecting the motor current in the vicinity of a specific phase ( ⁇ ui, ⁇ vi, ⁇ wi) with reference to the u-phase phase voltage Vu.
- the present invention is not limited to the detection of the motor current in the vicinity of all the specific phase points ⁇ ui, ⁇ vi, and ⁇ wi, but only in the vicinity of the specific phase ⁇ ui or only in the vicinity of the specific phase ⁇ vi.
- the reactive current component I1 (i) that is the motor current at the time point or only at the time point near the specific phase ⁇ wi may be detected.
- the reactive current component I1 (i) that is the motor current in the vicinity of two specific phase time points (for example, ⁇ ui and ⁇ vi) among the phase points ⁇ ui, ⁇ vi, and ⁇ wi may be detected.
- the u-phase effective current component Iu ( r) can be detected, and the v-phase effective current component Iv (r) can be detected by sampling and detecting the primary-side v-phase current at time points ⁇ vr of 5 ⁇ / 6 (150 °) and 11 ⁇ / 6 (330 °), By sampling and detecting the primary-side w-phase current at time points ⁇ wr of ⁇ / 6 (30 °) and 7 ⁇ / 6 (210 °), the w-phase effective current component Iw (r) can be detected.
- the principle that an effective current component can be detected by detecting a current in a specific phase with reference to the u-phase phase voltage Vu has been described.
- the v-phase voltage Vv is used as a reference.
- the w-phase voltage Vw may be used as a reference.
- phase voltage Vu the phase voltage Vv, and the phase voltage Vw are used as a reference
- the specific phase to be sampled differs depending on the reference phase voltage, and if the specific phase point to be sampled is not mistaken, the effective current component
- the peak value of ⁇ is the same value.
- the effective current component I1 (r) can be detected by detecting the motor current in the vicinity of specific phases ( ⁇ ur, ⁇ vr, ⁇ wr) with reference to the u-phase phase voltage Vu.
- the present invention is not limited to the detection of the motor current in the vicinity of all the specific phase points ⁇ ur, ⁇ vr, and ⁇ wr, but only in the vicinity of the specific phase ⁇ ur or only in the vicinity of the specific phase ⁇ vr.
- the effective current component I1 (r) that is the motor current at the time point or only at the time point near the specific phase ⁇ wr may be detected.
- an effective current component I1 (r) that is an electric motor current in the vicinity of two specific phase time points (for example, ⁇ ur and ⁇ vr) may be detected among the phase points ⁇ ur, ⁇ vr, and ⁇ wr.
- FIG. 4 shows an active current comparison circuit (third form) of the power conversion device according to the present application.
- FIG. 4A is a block configuration diagram in which the effective current component value is detected by the effective current component detection circuit from the phase current of the AC machine, and the gate resistance is changed based on the effective current component value by the effective current comparison circuit.
- the circuit 9 includes an effective current component detection circuit and an effective current comparison circuit.
- the output frequency command f1 input to the power converter and the output voltage V * corresponding to the output frequency command are obtained by the voltage calculation circuit to obtain three-phase output phase voltages Vu * , Vv * , Vw * , and the speed of the induction motor is controlled according to the PWM calculation result. To do.
- Vu Vu * ⁇ sin ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ t)
- Vv Vv * ⁇ sin ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ t-2 ⁇ / 3)
- Vw Vw * ⁇ sin ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ t-4 ⁇ / 3)
- ⁇ 1 2 ⁇ ⁇ f1.
- the effective current component detection circuit is effective for the detection signal of the phase current detection circuit from the motor phase current in the vicinity of a specific phase ( ⁇ ur, ⁇ vr, ⁇ wr) with reference to the u-phase phase voltage Vu of the PWM arithmetic circuit.
- the current component I1 (r) is detected.
- the effective current comparison circuit compares the detected effective current component value I1 (r) with a preset effective current reference value I1r.
- I1 (r) When I1 (r) is smaller than I1r, it is judged that the alternator is close to a no-load state, and the gate resistance of the gate drive circuit is increased. When I1 (r) is greater than I1r, the alternator is loaded. Judging the state, the gate resistance of the gate drive circuit is reduced.
- FIG. 4 (b) shows an active current component / reactive current component detection circuit that detects an active current component / reactive current component value from a phase current of an AC machine, and a power factor calculation / comparison circuit that gates based on the power factor value. It is a block block diagram which changes resistance. Although the V / f pattern circuit and the voltage calculation circuit described in (a) are not shown, they have the same configuration.
- the circuit 11 includes an active current component / reactive current component detection circuit and a power factor calculation / comparison circuit.
- the active current component / reactive current component detection circuit is a motor phase in the vicinity of a specific phase ( ⁇ ur, ⁇ vr, ⁇ wr) based on the phase voltage Vu of the u phase of the PWM arithmetic circuit with respect to the detection signal of the phase current detection circuit.
- the active current component I1 (r) is detected from the current, and the reactive current component I1 is determined from the motor phase current in the vicinity of a specific phase ( ⁇ ui, ⁇ vi, ⁇ wi) with reference to the u-phase phase voltage Vu of the PWM arithmetic circuit.
- (I) is detected.
- the power factor calculation / comparison circuit calculates a power factor cos ⁇ from the detected active current component value I1 (r), reactive current component I1 (i), and phase current I1, and compares a preset power factor reference value cos ⁇ r. To do.
- the power factor cos ⁇ is obtained by the number (1), the number (2), or the number (3).
- FIG. 5 is a configuration example (fourth embodiment) of the control circuit and the gate drive circuit of the power conversion device according to the present invention.
- a signal for changing the gate resistance to the gate drive circuit 8 UPF, UNF, UPR, UNR for the U phase, VPF, VNF for the V phase, WPF, WNF, WPR, and WNR are commanded to the VPR, VNR, and W phases, and the switching elements UP, UN, VP, VN, WP, and WN of each phase are driven.
- FIG. 6 shows a gate drive circuit (fifth embodiment) of the power converter according to the present application.
- the UP and UN of the wide bandgap semiconductor element SiC-MOSFET will be described as switching elements constituting the U-phase upper and lower arms.
- 8UP is a U-phase upper arm gate drive circuit
- 8UN is a U-phase lower arm gate drive circuit.
- the DIC is a drive IC.
- Q1 is a transistor that turns on UP and UN of the SiC-MOSFET (hereinafter referred to as a forward bias), and R1 is a forward bias resistor.
- Q2 is a transistor for turning off UP and UN of the SiC-MOSFET (hereinafter referred to as reverse bias), and R2 is a reverse bias resistor.
- R2 is a resistor that conducts both forward and reverse biases.
- PWMUP is a PWM signal to the phase upper arm
- PWMUN is a PWM signal to the U phase lower arm
- UPF is a signal to the resistance variable circuit of the U phase upper arm
- UNF is a signal to the resistance variable circuit of the U phase lower arm.
- Iq described in FIGS. 2A and 2B is smaller than Iqr, it is determined that the AC machine is close to a no-load state, and the UPF and UNF turn off the resistance variable circuit, and the gate drive circuit
- the AC machine determines that the load is present, and the UPF and UNF are configured to turn on the resistance variable circuit to reduce the gate resistance of the gate drive circuit.
- I1 (r) described in FIG. 4A is smaller than I1r, it is determined that the AC machine is close to a no-load state, and UPF and UNF turn off the resistance variable circuit, and the gate
- I1 (r) is greater than I1r
- the AC machine determines that the load is in the load state, and UPF and UNF turn on the resistance variable circuit to reduce the gate resistance of the gate drive circuit.
- the resistance variable circuit is configured, for example, by connecting a switch SW and a resistor RS in series. Therefore, when the UPF turns on the resistance variable circuit, it means that the switch SW is turned on.
- the number of switches SW and the number of series resistors RS are not limited, and the intention of the present application does not change even when the series resistor RS is connected in series to the forward bias resistor R1.
- This example is an embodiment in which the gate resistance of only the forward bias circuit of the gate drive circuits 8UP and 8UN is varied based on I1 (r).
- V-phase and W-phase are also configured to operate in the same way as the U-phase.
- FIG. 7 shows a gate drive circuit (sixth embodiment) of the power converter according to the present application.
- Q1 is a SiC / MOSFET UP / UN forward bias transistor
- R2 is a forward bias resistor
- Q2 is a reverse bias transistor for UP and UN of the SiC-MOSFET
- R3 is a reverse bias resistor
- R2 is a resistor that conducts both forward and reverse biases.
- Iq described in FIGS. 2A and 2B is smaller than Iqr, it is determined that the AC machine is close to a no-load state, and the UPR and UNR turn off the resistance variable circuit, and the gate drive circuit
- the gate resistance is increased and Iq is greater than Iqr, the AC machine is determined to be in a load state, and the UPR and UNR are configured to turn on the resistance variable circuit to reduce the gate resistance of the gate drive circuit.
- I1 (r) described in FIG. 4A is smaller than I1r, it is determined that the AC machine is close to a no-load state, and the UPR and UNR turn off the resistance variable circuit, and the gate
- the AC machine determines that the load is in the load state, and the UPR and UNR turn on the variable resistance circuit to reduce the gate resistance of the gate drive circuit.
- the number of switches SW and the number of series resistors RS are not limited, and the intention of the present application does not change even when the series resistor RS is connected in series to the forward bias resistor R3.
- This example is an embodiment in which the gate resistance of only the reverse bias circuit of the gate drive circuits 8UP and 8UN is varied based on I1 (r).
- V-phase and W-phase are also configured to operate in the same way as the U-phase.
- FIG. 8 shows a gate drive circuit (seventh form) of the power converter according to the present application.
- Iq described in FIGS. 2A and 2B is smaller than Iqr, it is determined that the AC machine is close to a no-load state, and UPF, UNF, UPR, and UNR turn off the resistance variable circuit,
- the gate resistance of the gate drive circuit is increased and Iq is greater than Iqr, the AC machine determines that the load is in the load state, and UPF, UNF, UPR, and UNR turn on the resistance variable circuit, and the gate of the gate drive circuit It is configured to reduce the resistance.
- I1 (r) described in FIG. 4A is smaller than I1r, it is determined that the AC machine is close to a no-load state, and UPF, UNF, UPR, and UNR turn off the resistance variable circuit.
- the gate resistance of the gate drive circuit is increased and I1 (r) is greater than I1r, the AC machine determines that the load is in the load state, and UPF, UNF, UPR, and UNR turn on the resistance variable circuit.
- the gate drive circuit is configured to reduce the gate resistance.
- the resistance variable circuit is configured, for example, by connecting a switch SW and a resistor RS in series. Therefore, for example, when the UPF turns on the variable resistance circuit, it means that the switch SW is turned on.
- the number of switches SW and the number of series resistors RS are not limited, and the intention of the present application does not change even when the series resistor RS is connected in series to the forward bias resistor R1.
- This example is an embodiment in which both gate resistances of the forward bias circuit and the reverse bias circuit of the gate drive circuits 8UP and 8UN are varied based on Iq, I1 (r), or cos ⁇ .
- V-phase and W-phase are also configured to operate in the same way as the U-phase.
- FIG. 9 is a waveform diagram of dV DS / dt of the wide band gap semiconductor element in the present application.
- FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram of dV DS / dt of a wide band gap semiconductor device when the variable circuit is turned on to reduce the gate resistance for forward bias and reverse bias.
- (B) is an embodiment in which both gate resistances of the forward bias circuit and the reverse bias circuit of the gate drive circuits 8UP and 8UN are not changed based on, for example, Iq or I1 (r) or cos ⁇ , and UPF and UNF are resistances. It is a wave form diagram of dV DS / dt of a wide band gap semiconductor element when the variable circuit is turned off and the gate resistance for forward bias and reverse bias is increased.
- FIG. 10 is another main circuit configuration diagram of the power conversion device according to the present application.
- Fig. 1 The difference from Fig. 1 is the detection position of the current detector.
- SH1, SHi, and SHd are shunt resistors for current detection, SH1 detects the current on the N side of the DC intermediate circuit, and SHi is a U-phase that is each switching element of the lower arm constituting the inverter 3 And SHd are connected to diodes connected in parallel to the IGBTs that are the switching elements.
- the shunt resistor SHi provided on the DC bus side of the power converter is a current detector that detects a combined current flowing through each IGBT, and the shunt resistor SHd is connected to a diode connected in parallel to each IGBT. It is a current detector that detects a combined current that flows.
- the shunt resistors SHi and SHd are connected to the lower arm IGBT and the diode constituting the U phase, but may be connected to the upper arm IGBT and the diode constituting the U phase to detect the current. By detecting the voltage of the shunt resistor SH1, SHi, or SHd, each line current of the motor can be indirectly detected.
- the effective current component I1 (r) is detected from the current near a specific phase based on the Iq obtained by the vector control circuit 12 and the u-phase phase voltage Vu of the PWM arithmetic circuit with respect to the detection signal of the current detection circuit. ) And the reactive current component I1 (i), and it is obvious that the gate resistance can be varied in the same manner as in the above embodiment.
- Fig. 11 is a simplified equivalent circuit of a PM motor.
- It consists of an armature resistor Ra, an armature inductance La, an armature current Ia, and a speed electromotive force Ea.
- FIG. 12 is a vector diagram when the PM motor is controlled by the power converter.
- (A) is in the case of constant magnetic flux control, and (b) is in the case of field weakening control.
- the current vector is controlled so as to flow.
- the electric current Ia corresponds to the torque current component Iq described in FIG.
- the gate resistance of the gate drive circuit is varied based on the electric current component as described in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a control block diagram (eighth embodiment) of the PM motor of the power converter according to the present application.
- the line current of the PM motor is detected by the current detector CT, the current detected by the dq axis conversion unit is converted into an orthogonal dq axis, and decomposed into an excitation current component Id and a torque current component Iq.
- the phase of the electric current Ia flowing through the PM motor may be controlled to 90 ° or more ( ⁇ > 90 °).
- torque current command Iq * may be used instead of the detected armature current Ia.
- the pre-set values of Iqr, I1 (r),Abs ⁇ r are described in the state where the AC machine is close to no load (load factor ⁇ 0). Even if it is 70% or less, the intention and effect of the present application are the same. That is, the Iqr, I1r,Ab, and cos ⁇ r values may be set according to a predetermined load factor.
- Pre-determined Iqr, I1r,CDC, and cos ⁇ r values are subjected to a temperature test in advance, correlation data between Iq value and temperature rise value of switching element, correlation data between I1 (r) value and temperature rise value of switching element, What is necessary is just to obtain
- Iq value exceeds 70% of the rated torque current value Iqrr in the prior temperature test and the temperature rise value of the switching element exceeds the specified value
- Iqr 70%.
- I1r,Abs ⁇ r values may be determined in advance from a prior temperature test.
- FIG. 14 is an example (9th form) of a correlation data table of torque current reference set value (absolute value) and gate composite resistance.
- the user sets the torque current reference set value (absolute value) IA from the digital operation panel 7 shown in FIG.
- the gate combined resistance Rt corresponding to the set value IA is read from the nonvolatile memory, and the series resistance value RS corresponding to the gate combined resistance value is selected.
- (A) is an example in which individual gate combined resistors Rt corresponding to individual set values IA are stored in a nonvolatile memory
- (b) is a gate combined resistor Rt corresponding to a set value IA whose range is determined. Is stored in a non-volatile memory.
- the load factor of the electric motor is selected by the user in accordance with the equipment, and is not necessarily operated at a load factor of 100%. For this reason, it is an effective method from the viewpoint of EMC (electromagnetic environment compatibility) that the user can freely select the gate resistance value according to the load factor of the equipment.
- the reference set value and the corresponding gate composite resistance Rt are stored in advance in the nonvolatile memory, and the digital operation panel Even if the user sets the reference set value according to 7, the gate combined resistance Rt corresponding to the set value is read from the nonvolatile memory, and the series resistance value RS corresponding to the gate combined resistance value is selected.
- the reference set value and the corresponding gate combined resistance Rt are stored in the nonvolatile memory in advance, and the user sets the reference set value by the digital operation panel 7,
- the gate combined resistance Rt corresponding to the set value is read from the nonvolatile memory, and the series resistance corresponding to the gate combined resistance value is read.
- the reference set value and the corresponding gate composite resistance Rt are stored in the nonvolatile memory in advance from the correlation data of the cos ⁇ value and the temperature rise value of the switching element, and the digital operation panel 7 Even if the user sets the reference set value, the gate combined resistance Rt corresponding to the set value is read from the nonvolatile memory, and the series resistance value RS corresponding to the gate combined resistance value is selected. Will not change.
- the power semiconductor switching element has a tendency that the switching speed tends to be slow even with the same gate resistance value as the current flowing through the element increases. It can be said that the smaller the current flowing through the element, the faster the switching speed and the higher the noise level.
- the effective current or torque current or power factor it is possible to appropriately determine whether the motor is in an overexcitation state or a load state, and the determination speed is extremely fast, so if the detected effective current or torque current or power factor is small, By increasing the gate drive resistance value of the gate drive circuit of the semiconductor switching element, the switching speed can be slowed and the noise level can be reduced.
- the load conversion factor is based on the torque current component or effective current component detected by the current detection circuit.
- the speed of the wide band gap semiconductor switching element by changing the gate drive resistance value of the gate drive circuit, the leakage current due to dV / dt is suppressed and the flowmeter existing around the power converter due to noise, There is an effect that it is possible to prevent malfunctions of pressure gauges and sensors.
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Abstract
Description
電流検出器CTで誘導電動機の線電流を検出し、dq軸変換部で検出した電流を直交したdq軸に変換し、励磁電流成分Idとトルク電流成分Iqに分解する。
(a)と異なる点は、誘導電動機の速度を検出する手段として、速度推定器を用いないで、速度検出器SSにより実速度frを検出する点である。
すなわち、一次電流i1は有効電流成分I1(r)と無効電流成分I1(i)のベクトル和で表される。
tanΦ=I1(i)/I1(r) ----------------------- 数(1)
あるいは
cosΦ=I1(r)/I1 ---------------------------- 数(2)
あるいは
cosΦ=I1(r)/[{I1(r)}2+{I1(i)}2]1/2 - 数(3)
で表される。
・0とπの時点:Iu(r)=0→u相の無効電流成分Iu(i)
各々の位相差が120°である三相交流の場合、v相電流ivは、u相電流iuに対し2π/3(120°)位相が遅れた状態であり、w相電流iwは、u相電流iuに対し4π/3(240°)位相が遅れた状態にある。このため、相電圧Vuを基準に考えれば、下記位相のサンプリング時点は、各々v相の有効電流成分とv相の無効電流成分を表している。
・2π/3と5π/3の時点:Iv(r)=0→v相の無効電流成分Iv(i)
さらに、相電圧Vuを基準に考えれば、下記位相のサンプリング時点は、各々w相の有効電流成分とw相の無効電流成分を表している。
・π/3と4π/3の時点:Iw(r)=0→w相の無効電流成分Iw(i)
すなわち、相電圧Vuを基準に、0(0°)とπ(180°)の時点θuiにおける一次側のu相電流をサンプリング検出すれば、u相の無効電流成分Iu(i)を検出でき、2π/3(120°)と5π/3(300°)の時点θviにおける一次側のv相電流をサンプリング検出すればv相の無効電流成分Iv(i)を検出でき、π/3(60°)と4π/3(240°)の時点θwiにおける一次側のw相電流をサンプリング検出すればw相の無効電流成分Iw(i)を検出できることは明らかである。
・Vv=Vv*・sin(ω1・t-2π/3)
・Vw=Vw*・sin(ω1・t-4π/3)
ここで、ω1=2π・f1である。
磁束Φmの方向に流れるd軸電流指令Id*=0に設定し、検出した励磁電流成分Idが常に0となるようにd軸電流制御の回路が動作する(図12(a)のベクトル図に相当)。このように制御すれば、PMモータに流れる電気子電流Iaはトルク電流成分Iqとしてq軸電流制御の回路が動作し制御される。すなわち、PMモータに流れる電気子電流Iaを、モータの発生トルクに比例するトルク電流成分として動作させることができる。
EMC…Electro Magnetic Compatibility
Claims (14)
- 電力変換装置であって、
交流電圧を直流電圧に変換する順変換器と、
前記順変換器にて変換された直流電圧を平滑する直流中間回路と、
前記直流中間回路にて平滑化された直流電圧を交流電圧に変換する逆変換器と、
前記逆変換器の半導体スイッチング素子を駆動するゲートドライブ回路と、
該電力変換装置を流れる電流を検出する電流検出器と、
前記電流検出器にて検出した電流から各電流成分値を検出し、該検出した各電流成分値または該各電流成分値から求めた力率値とに基づき前記ゲートドライブ回路のゲート抵抗値を変える制御回路と、を備える電力変換装置。 - 請求項1記載の電力変換装置であって、
前記半導体スイッチング素子はワイドバンドギャップ半導体素子であることを特徴とする電力変換装置。 - 請求項1記載の電力変換装置であって、
前記電流検出器は、該電力変換装置の出力側の電流または該電力変換装置の直流母線側の電流を検出することを特徴とする電力変換装置。 - 請求項1記載の電力変換装置であって、
前記制御回路では、該検出した電流を座標軸変換によりトルク電流成分値もしくは励磁電流成分値として検出する、または、該検出した電流の特定の位相の近傍をサンプリングすることにより、有効電流成分値または無効電流成分値を検出することを特徴とする電力変換装置。 - 請求項4記載の電力変換装置であって、
前記制御回路では、前記トルク電流成分値または前記有効電流成分値または前記各電流成分値から求めた力率値に基づいて、前記ゲートドライブ回路のゲート抵抗値を変えることを特徴とする電力変換装置。 - 請求項5記載の電力変換装置であって、
前記制御回路では、前記トルク電流成分値または前記有効電流成分値または前記各電流成分値から求めた力率値が予め設定された値より大きい場合には、前記ゲートドライブ回路のオン側またはオフ側のゲート抵抗値を変更する前の値より小さくすることを特徴とする電力変換装置。 - 請求項5記載の電力変換装置であって、
前記制御回路では、前記トルク電流成分値または前記有効電流成分値または前記各電流成分値から求めた力率値が予め設定された値より大きい場合には、前記ゲートドライブ回路のオン側とオフ側のゲート抵抗値を変更する前の値より小さくすることを特徴とする電力変換装置。 - 電力変換装置の制御方法であって、
交流電圧を直流電圧に変換する順変換工程と、
前記順変換工程にて変換された直流電圧を平滑する平滑工程と、
前記平滑工程にて平滑化された直流電圧を交流電圧に変換する逆変換工程と、
半導体スイッチング素子を駆動する駆動工程と、
該電力変換装置を流れる電流を検出する電流検出工程と、
前記電流検出工程にて検出した電流から各電流成分値を検出し、該検出した各電流成分値または該各電流成分値から求めた力率値とに基づきゲートドライブ回路のゲート抵抗値を変える制御工程と、を備える電力変換装置の制御方法。 - 請求項8記載の電力変換装置の制御方法であって、
前記半導体スイッチング素子はワイドバンドギャップ半導体素子であることを特徴とする電力変換装置の制御方法。 - 請求項8記載の電力変換装置の制御方法であって、
前記電流検出工程は、該電力変換装置の出力側の電流または該電力変換装置の直流母線側の電流を検出することを特徴とする電力変換装置の制御方法。 - 請求項8記載の電力変換装置の制御方法であって、
前記制御工程では、該検出した電流を座標軸変換によりトルク電流成分値もしくは励磁電流成分値として検出する、または、該検出した電流の特定の位相の近傍をサンプリングすることにより、有効電流成分値または無効電流成分値を検出することを特徴とする電力変換装置の制御方法。 - 請求項11記載の電力変換装置の制御方法であって、
前記制御工程では、前記トルク電流成分値または前記有効電流成分値または前記各電流成分値から求めた力率値に基づいて、前記ゲートドライブ回路のゲート抵抗値を変えることを特徴とする電力変換装置の制御方法。 - 請求項12記載の電力変換装置の制御方法であって、
前記制御工程では、前記トルク電流成分値または前記有効電流成分値または前記各電流成分値から求めた力率値が予め設定された値より大きい場合には、前記ゲートドライブ回路のオン側またはオフ側のゲート抵抗値を変更する前の値より小さくすることを特徴とする電力変換装置の制御方法。 - 請求項12記載の電力変換装置の制御方法であって、
前記制御工程では、前記トルク電流成分値または前記有効電流成分値または前記各電流成分値から求めた力率値が予め設定された値より大きい場合には、前記ゲートドライブ回路のオン側とオフ側のゲート抵抗値を変更する前の値より小さくすることを特徴とする電力変換装置の制御方法。
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| CN201380079079.5A CN105556816B (zh) | 2013-12-27 | 2013-12-27 | 电力转换装置和电力转换装置的控制方法 |
| EP13900448.5A EP3089346A4 (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2013-12-27 | Power conversion device and power conversion device control method |
| JP2015554422A JP6134813B2 (ja) | 2013-12-27 | 2013-12-27 | 電力変換装置および電力変換装置の制御方法 |
| PCT/JP2013/085030 WO2015097836A1 (ja) | 2013-12-27 | 2013-12-27 | 電力変換装置および電力変換装置の制御方法 |
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| JP2017028973A (ja) * | 2015-07-17 | 2017-02-02 | 三喜電機株式会社 | パワーエレクトロニクス回路用の高電圧回路のスイッチング素子開閉制御装置 |
| WO2018015924A3 (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2018-03-01 | HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA | Gate drive circuit for power conversion apparatus |
| JP2018078721A (ja) * | 2016-11-09 | 2018-05-17 | 富士電機株式会社 | ゲート駆動回路およびスイッチング電源装置 |
| US10727729B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2020-07-28 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Power converter |
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| WO2020066035A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-02 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 電力変換装置、モータ駆動装置及び空気調和機 |
| TWI687017B (zh) * | 2018-11-07 | 2020-03-01 | 緯穎科技服務股份有限公司 | 電源供應裝置及電源供應方法 |
| CN113758530B (zh) * | 2020-06-02 | 2025-02-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种电子式流量计 |
| CN116865624B (zh) * | 2023-05-17 | 2024-05-24 | 小米汽车科技有限公司 | 电驱功率器件的控制方法、装置及车辆 |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017028973A (ja) * | 2015-07-17 | 2017-02-02 | 三喜電機株式会社 | パワーエレクトロニクス回路用の高電圧回路のスイッチング素子開閉制御装置 |
| US10727729B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2020-07-28 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Power converter |
| WO2018015924A3 (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2018-03-01 | HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA | Gate drive circuit for power conversion apparatus |
| US9954522B2 (en) | 2016-07-21 | 2018-04-24 | HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA | Hybrid switch including GaN HEMT and MOSFET |
| JP2018078721A (ja) * | 2016-11-09 | 2018-05-17 | 富士電機株式会社 | ゲート駆動回路およびスイッチング電源装置 |
| US10469067B2 (en) | 2016-11-09 | 2019-11-05 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. | Gate driving circuit and switching power supply device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105556816A (zh) | 2016-05-04 |
| JPWO2015097836A1 (ja) | 2017-03-23 |
| EP3089346A1 (en) | 2016-11-02 |
| JP6134813B2 (ja) | 2017-05-24 |
| CN105556816B (zh) | 2018-04-13 |
| EP3089346A4 (en) | 2017-08-23 |
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