WO2015087507A1 - 絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015087507A1 WO2015087507A1 PCT/JP2014/006010 JP2014006010W WO2015087507A1 WO 2015087507 A1 WO2015087507 A1 WO 2015087507A1 JP 2014006010 W JP2014006010 W JP 2014006010W WO 2015087507 A1 WO2015087507 A1 WO 2015087507A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D12/00—Bipolar devices controlled by the field effect, e.g. insulated-gate bipolar transistors [IGBT]
- H10D12/411—Insulated-gate bipolar transistors [IGBT]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D12/00—Bipolar devices controlled by the field effect, e.g. insulated-gate bipolar transistors [IGBT]
- H10D12/411—Insulated-gate bipolar transistors [IGBT]
- H10D12/441—Vertical IGBTs
- H10D12/461—Vertical IGBTs having non-planar surfaces, e.g. having trenches, recesses or pillars in the surfaces of the emitter, base or collector regions
- H10D12/481—Vertical IGBTs having non-planar surfaces, e.g. having trenches, recesses or pillars in the surfaces of the emitter, base or collector regions having gate structures on slanted surfaces, on vertical surfaces, or in grooves, e.g. trench gate IGBTs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D10/00—Bipolar junction transistors [BJT]
- H10D10/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10D10/051—Manufacture or treatment of vertical BJTs
- H10D10/054—Forming extrinsic base regions on silicon substrate after insulating device isolation in vertical BJTs having single crystalline emitter, collector or base regions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D12/00—Bipolar devices controlled by the field effect, e.g. insulated-gate bipolar transistors [IGBT]
- H10D12/01—Manufacture or treatment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D12/00—Bipolar devices controlled by the field effect, e.g. insulated-gate bipolar transistors [IGBT]
- H10D12/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10D12/031—Manufacture or treatment of IGBTs
- H10D12/032—Manufacture or treatment of IGBTs of vertical IGBTs
- H10D12/038—Manufacture or treatment of IGBTs of vertical IGBTs having a recessed gate, e.g. trench-gate IGBTs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/60—Insulated-gate field-effect transistors [IGFET]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/10—Shapes, relative sizes or dispositions of the regions of the semiconductor bodies; Shapes of the semiconductor bodies
- H10D62/102—Constructional design considerations for preventing surface leakage or controlling electric field concentration
- H10D62/112—Constructional design considerations for preventing surface leakage or controlling electric field concentration for preventing surface leakage due to surface inversion layers, e.g. by using channel stoppers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/10—Shapes, relative sizes or dispositions of the regions of the semiconductor bodies; Shapes of the semiconductor bodies
- H10D62/17—Semiconductor regions connected to electrodes not carrying current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. channel regions
- H10D62/393—Body regions of DMOS transistors or IGBTs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/50—Physical imperfections
- H10D62/53—Physical imperfections the imperfections being within the semiconductor body
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- H10P30/20—
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- H10P30/204—
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- H10P30/208—
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- H10P95/90—
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an insulated gate bipolar transistor having an FS structure and a method for manufacturing the same.
- IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
- MOSFET Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor
- PT-IGBT realizes reduction of on-voltage by high carrier injection from the collector side. Also, lifetime control technology is applied to promote carrier recombination at turn-off to reduce turn-off loss. However, there is a problem that the effect of lifetime control is relaxed in a high temperature environment, and turn-off loss increases.
- the NPT-IGBT increases the carrier transport efficiency by reducing the thickness of the wafer, and controls the impurity concentration of the collector (p + layer) to suppress the carrier injection efficiency. Low turn-off loss is achieved. However, since it is necessary to increase the thickness of the n ⁇ drift layer so that the depletion layer does not reach the collector side at the time of off, there is a limit to lowering the on-voltage.
- the thickness of the drift layer can be made thinner than that of the NPT type, thereby further promoting the reduction of the on-voltage. It was.
- the drift layer is thin, there is an advantage that there are few excess carriers, and therefore turn-off loss can be reduced.
- an epitaxial substrate is widely used for manufacturing an IGBT element.
- a manufacturing method using an epitaxial substrate has a high device manufacturing cost and is easily affected by crystal defects.
- an IGBT manufacturing method using a silicon substrate manufactured by a floating zone melt method (FZ method) is known instead of an epitaxial substrate (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the FZ method has a problem that a silicon substrate of 8 inches or more cannot be produced. For this reason, it is subject to various restrictions due to the substrate size, and it is difficult to realize further miniaturization or high quality of the IGBT element because, for example, the desired microfabrication technology cannot be applied. There is a problem.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an insulated gate bipolar transistor and a method for manufacturing the same, which can realize further miniaturization or higher quality of the element.
- a method for manufacturing an insulated gate bipolar transistor includes preparing a first conductivity type semiconductor substrate manufactured by an MCZ method.
- a base layer of the second conductivity type is formed on the first surface of the semiconductor substrate.
- a first conductivity type emitter region is formed on the surface of the base layer.
- a gate electrode insulated from the emitter region, the base layer and the semiconductor substrate is formed on the first surface.
- the semiconductor substrate is thinned by processing the second surface of the semiconductor substrate. By implanting boron into the second surface of the thinned semiconductor substrate, a collector layer of the second conductivity type is formed. By injecting hydrogen into the semiconductor substrate and adjacent to the collector layer, a first conductivity type buffer layer having a higher impurity concentration than the semiconductor substrate is formed.
- An insulated gate bipolar transistor includes a semiconductor layer, a base layer, an emitter region, a gate electrode, a collector layer, and a buffer layer.
- the semiconductor layer is composed of a first conductivity type MCZ substrate.
- the base layer is formed on the semiconductor layer and is made of a second conductivity type semiconductor.
- the emitter region is formed on the surface of the base layer and is composed of a first conductivity type semiconductor.
- the gate electrode is formed insulated from the emitter region, the base layer, and the semiconductor layer.
- the collector layer is formed on the surface of the semiconductor layer opposite to the surface on which the base layer is formed, and is configured of a second conductivity type semiconductor.
- the buffer layer is formed at the interface between the semiconductor layer and the collector layer, and is composed of a first conductivity type semiconductor having a higher impurity concentration than the semiconductor layer.
- a method for manufacturing an insulated gate bipolar transistor includes preparing a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type manufactured by an MCZ method.
- a base layer of the second conductivity type is formed on the first surface of the semiconductor substrate.
- a first conductivity type emitter region is formed on the surface of the base layer.
- a gate electrode insulated from the emitter region, the base layer and the semiconductor substrate is formed on the first surface.
- the semiconductor substrate is thinned by processing the second surface of the semiconductor substrate. By implanting boron into the second surface of the thinned semiconductor substrate, a collector layer of the second conductivity type is formed. By injecting hydrogen into the semiconductor substrate and adjacent to the collector layer, a first conductivity type buffer layer having a higher impurity concentration than the semiconductor substrate is formed.
- an MCZ substrate is used as the semiconductor substrate.
- the MCZ substrate is a silicon substrate manufactured by the MCZ (Magnetic field applied CZ) method.
- the MCZ method is a type of Czochralski (CZ) method in which a single crystal is grown while applying a magnetic field to a melt.
- CZ Czochralski
- a substrate having a size of 8 inches (diameter of about 200 mm) or more can be easily manufactured.
- a large-diameter substrate having a size of 12 inches (diameter of about 300 mm) can be obtained relatively easily.
- the magnetic field applied to the melt may be a static magnetic field or a variable magnetic field.
- a static magnetic field method for example, a horizontal magnetic field type (HMCZ: Horizontal MCZ), a vertical magnetic field type (VMZZ: Vertical MCZ), a cusp MCZ (Cusp MCZ), and the like can be given.
- the step of forming the collector layer typically includes a first annealing process in which the second surface is heated at a first temperature (eg, 400 ° C. or higher, preferably 450 ° C. or higher) after boron implantation. including.
- the step of forming the buffer layer includes a second annealing process in which the second surface is heated at a second temperature (for example, 250 ° C. or more and 500 ° C. or less) after hydrogen implantation.
- the buffer layer may be formed after the first annealing process.
- the temperature required for boron diffusion is higher than the temperature required for hydrogen diffusion. Therefore, after forming the buffer layer after the first annealing treatment, the second annealing treatment is performed at a second temperature lower than the first temperature (for example, 280 ° C. or higher and 450 ° C. or lower), so that the implanted hydrogen Therefore, it is possible to form a buffer layer having a desired field stop function.
- the first annealing process and the second annealing process may be performed using a heating furnace. Thereby, the process cost can be reduced.
- the gate electrode may be formed before the semiconductor substrate is thinned. Thereby, the handling property of the substrate in the process of forming the base layer, the emitter region, the gate electrode, etc. can be maintained.
- An insulated gate bipolar transistor includes a semiconductor layer, a base layer, an emitter region, a gate electrode, a collector layer, and a buffer layer.
- the semiconductor layer is composed of a first conductivity type MCZ substrate.
- the base layer is formed on the semiconductor layer and is made of a second conductivity type semiconductor.
- the emitter region is formed on the surface of the base layer and is composed of a first conductivity type semiconductor.
- the gate electrode is formed insulated from the emitter region, the base layer, and the semiconductor layer.
- the collector layer is formed on the surface of the semiconductor layer opposite to the surface on which the base layer is formed, and is configured of a second conductivity type semiconductor.
- the buffer layer is formed at the interface between the semiconductor layer and the collector layer, and is composed of a first conductivity type semiconductor having a higher impurity concentration than the semiconductor layer.
- the semiconductor layer is composed of the MCZ substrate, a substrate of 8 inches size (diameter about 200 mm) or more can be easily manufactured, for example, a large diameter of 12 inches size (diameter of about 300 mm). Substrates can also be obtained relatively easily. As a result, it becomes possible to use various microfabrication techniques applied to large-diameter substrates, so that further miniaturization or higher quality (higher performance) of IGBT elements can be realized and productivity can be improved. Can also be achieved.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an insulated gate bipolar transistor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- an n-channel vertical IGBT will be described as an example. This embodiment is preferably applied to a voltage rating of 600 to 1200 V, but is not limited to this.
- the insulated gate bipolar transistor (hereinafter also referred to as IGBT) 100 of this embodiment includes a drift layer 11 (semiconductor layer), a base layer 12, an emitter region 13, a gate electrode 14, a collector layer 15, and a buffer layer. 16, an emitter electrode 18, and a collector electrode 19.
- the drift layer 11 is formed of a relatively high resistance n ⁇ -type (first conductivity type) semiconductor that supports the voltage between the collector (C) and the emitter (E).
- the drift layer 11 is composed of an n ⁇ type silicon single crystal substrate (hereinafter also simply referred to as an MCZ substrate) manufactured by the MCZ method.
- the thickness of the drift layer 11 is, for example, 50 to 300 ⁇ m, and the impurity concentration of the drift layer 11 is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 12 to 1 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the base layer 12 is formed on the drift layer 11 (one side surface) and is made of a p-type (second conductivity type) semiconductor.
- the base layer 12 is formed by diffusion, for example, by injecting boron as an impurity element into the surface of the drift layer 11.
- the thickness of the base layer 12 is, for example, 1 to 5 ⁇ m, and the surface concentration of impurities in the base layer 12 is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 17 to 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the emitter region 13 is formed at a plurality of locations on the surface of the base layer 12 and is made of an n + type semiconductor having a higher impurity concentration than the drift layer 11.
- the emitter region 13 is formed in, for example, a plurality of grids extending in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface.
- the emitter region 13 is formed, for example, by injecting phosphorus as an impurity element into the surface of the base layer 12.
- the emitter region 13 has a thickness of, for example, 0.5 to 2 ⁇ m, and the emitter region 13 has an impurity concentration of, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 18 to 1 ⁇ 10 21 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the gate electrode 14 is formed on the one surface of the drift layer 11 so as to be insulated from the emitter region 13, the base layer 12 and the drift layer 11.
- the IGBT 100 of the present embodiment has a trench gate structure, and the gate electrode 14 penetrates the base layer 12 in the thickness direction, for example, in a lattice shape in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface between predetermined emitter regions 13 adjacent to each other. A plurality are formed.
- the gate electrode 14 is typically made of polysilicon, but may be made of a metal material or the like in addition to this. Gate electrode 14 is electrically insulated from emitter region 13, base layer 12 and drift layer 11 by gate oxide 17.
- the gate oxide 17 is made of, for example, silicon oxide, and includes a first gate oxide film 17a and a second gate oxide film 17b.
- the first gate oxide film 17a and the second gate oxide film 17b are integrally connected to each other.
- the first gate oxide film 17 a is formed at the interface between the gate electrode 14, the emitter region 13, the base layer 12, and the drift layer 11.
- the second gate oxide film 17 b is formed at the interface between the gate electrode 14 and the emitter electrode 18.
- the collector layer 15 is formed on a surface (back surface) opposite to the surface on which the base layer 12 of the drift layer 11 is formed, and is made of a p + type semiconductor having a higher impurity concentration than the base layer.
- the collector layer 15 is formed, for example, by injecting boron as an impurity element into the back surface of the drift layer 11.
- the collector layer 15 has a thickness of, for example, 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m, and the collector layer 15 has an impurity concentration of, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 16 to 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the buffer layer 16 is formed at the interface between the drift layer 11 and the collector layer 15 and is made of an n + type semiconductor having a higher impurity concentration than the drift layer 11.
- the buffer layer 16 functions as a field stop (FS) layer that prevents the depletion layer formed in the base layer 12 from reaching the collector layer 15 when a voltage between the gate (G) and the emitter (E) is applied.
- FS field stop
- the buffer layer 16 is formed, for example, by injecting hydrogen as an impurity element into the back surface of the drift layer 11.
- the thickness of the buffer layer 16 is, for example, 1 to 20 ⁇ m, and the impurity concentration of the buffer layer 16 is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 15 to 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the emitter electrode 18 is formed on the surface of the base layer 12 and is made of a metal material such as aluminum.
- the emitter electrode 18 is electrically connected to the base layer 12 and the emitter region 13, and is electrically insulated from the gate electrode 14 via the gate oxide 17.
- the collector electrode 19 is composed of a metal film formed on the surface of the collector layer 15.
- the collector electrode 19 may be a metal single layer film or a multilayer film of different metals.
- the collector electrode 19 is composed of a laminated film of aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and gold (Au).
- FIG. 1 is schematic cross-sectional views of the respective steps for explaining the manufacturing method of the IGBT 100.
- an n ⁇ type semiconductor substrate (silicon substrate) 110 manufactured by the MCZ method is prepared.
- the diameter of the semiconductor substrate 110 is 8 inches or more, and a 12-inch wafer is used in this embodiment.
- the thickness of the semiconductor substrate 110 is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 600 to 1200 ⁇ m.
- the base layer 12, the emitter region 13, and the gate electrode 14 are sequentially formed on the surface 111 (first surface) of the semiconductor substrate 110 (FIG. 2).
- the base layer 12 is formed by injecting a p-type impurity such as boron into the surface 111 of the semiconductor substrate 110 at a predetermined dose (for example, 1 ⁇ 10 13 to 1 ⁇ 10 14 ions / cm 2 ) and thermally diffusing. .
- the emitter region 13 is diffused by injecting an n-type impurity such as phosphorus into a predetermined region on the surface of the base layer 12 at a predetermined dose (for example, 5 ⁇ 10 14 to 1 ⁇ 10 16 ions / cm 2 ).
- a beamline ion implantation apparatus, a plasma doping apparatus, or the like is used for the formation of the base layer 12 and the emitter region 13, for example.
- the formation method of the gate electrode 14 includes, for example, a step of forming a trench in the surface 111 of the semiconductor substrate 110, a step of covering the inner wall surface of the trench with the first gate oxide film 17a, and a first portion in the trench. Filling with polysilicon from above the gate oxide film 17a. Thereafter, the gate electrode 14 and a part of the surrounding emitter region 13 are covered with the second gate oxide film 17b, and a wiring for leading the gate electrode 14 to the outside is formed.
- the emitter electrode 18 is formed on the surface 111 of the semiconductor substrate 110.
- an emitter electrode 18 is formed by forming an aluminum film by sputtering and patterning it into a predetermined shape.
- the semiconductor substrate 110 is thinned by processing the back surface 112 (second surface) of the semiconductor substrate 110.
- the handling property of the substrate in the step of forming the base layer 12, the emitter region 13, the gate electrode 14, the emitter electrode 18 and the like can be maintained.
- the semiconductor substrate 110 is reduced to a thickness of 60 to 130 ⁇ m, for example.
- a mechanical polishing method using a grinder or a polishing cloth for example, a CMP (Chemical-Mechanical Polishing) method combining mechanical polishing and chemical polishing, or a plasma processing method such as etch back can be applied. is there.
- the collector layer 15 is formed on the back surface 112 of the semiconductor substrate 110.
- a predetermined dose for example, 1 ⁇ 10 12 to 1 ⁇ 10 14 ion / cm 2
- a predetermined energy for example, 10 to 100 keV.
- Boron is implanted (FIG. 5).
- a first annealing process is performed to heat the back surface 112 of the semiconductor substrate 110 to a predetermined temperature, thereby diffusing and activating the boron implanted into the dose region 150 while relaxing internal stress in the dose region 150.
- a p + -type collector layer 15 having a predetermined concentration is formed (FIG. 6).
- the heating method in the first annealing process is not particularly limited, and in this embodiment, a furnace annealing method using a heating furnace is employed. As a result, the process cost can be reduced.
- the annealing temperature (first temperature) in the first annealing treatment is set to a temperature at which a sufficient diffusion activation effect of boron is obtained and does not affect the emitter electrode 18 and the like, for example, 400 ° C. or more and 550 ° C. It is as follows. Thereby, the collector layer 15 having desired conductive characteristics can be formed without affecting the surface electrode of the semiconductor substrate 110.
- a buffer layer 16 is formed in the semiconductor substrate 110 and in a region adjacent to the collector layer 15.
- a predetermined dose for example, 1 ⁇ 10 14 to 1 ⁇ 10 16 ion / cm 2
- a predetermined energy for example, 200 to 1000 keV.
- Hydrogen is injected (FIG. 7). Since hydrogen has the smallest atomic radius, it can easily pass through the collector layer 15, thereby forming a dose region 160 having a predetermined thickness adjacent to the collector layer 15.
- the heating method in the second annealing process is not particularly limited, and in this embodiment, a furnace annealing method using a heating furnace is employed. As a result, the process cost can be reduced.
- the annealing temperature (second temperature) in the second annealing process is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 250 ° C. or more and 500 ° C. or less.
- the second temperature is set to a temperature at which the effect of stabilizing the donor caused by crystal defects formed by hydrogen implantation is obtained, for example, 280 ° C. or higher and 450 ° C. or lower.
- the buffer layer 16 having desired conductive characteristics can be formed.
- the formation of the buffer layer 16 forms the drift layer 11 sandwiched between the base layer 12 and the buffer layer 16 inside the semiconductor substrate 110 (FIG. 8).
- the drift layer 11 is composed of an n ⁇ type semiconductor layer having the same conductivity type as the semiconductor substrate 110.
- a beamline ion implantation apparatus for forming the collector layer 15 and the implantation of hydrogen for forming the buffer layer 16 for example, a beamline ion implantation apparatus, a plasma doping apparatus, or the like is used.
- the collector electrode 19 is formed on the back surface 112 of the semiconductor substrate 110 as shown in FIG.
- the collector electrode 19 is formed by sequentially forming an Al film, a Cr film, a Ni film, and an Au film by a sputtering method. Thereafter, the IGBT 100 of this embodiment is manufactured by being separated into pieces with a predetermined element size.
- the MCZ substrate is used as the semiconductor substrate, a substrate having an 8-inch size (diameter about 200 mm) or more can be easily manufactured.
- a large-diameter substrate having a 12-inch size (diameter about 300 mm). can also be obtained relatively easily.
- the first annealing process after boron implantation for forming the collector layer 15 and the second annealing process after hydrogen implantation for forming the buffer layer 16 are performed separately.
- the diffusion activation of the implanted boron and the formation of the donor by hydrogen can be performed appropriately.
- the buffer layer 16 is formed after the collector layer 15 is formed.
- the temperature required for diffusional activation of boron is higher than the temperature required for donor stabilization with hydrogen. Therefore, by forming the buffer layer 16 after the first annealing, the donor can be appropriately treated with the implanted hydrogen, thereby forming a buffer layer having a desired field stop function. Is possible.
- an n-channel vertical IGBT has been described as an example.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention can also be applied to a p-channel vertical IGBT.
- the trench gate structure IGBT has been described as an example, but the present invention can be applied to a planar gate structure IGBT instead.
- the furnace annealing method is employed for the annealing process (first annealing process) for forming the collector layer 15, but instead of this, other annealing methods such as laser annealing can be applied. is there.
- a heat treatment (sinter annealing) for sintering the emitter electrode 18 and the surface 111 of the semiconductor substrate 110 may be additionally performed.
- the sintering temperature needs to be higher than the annealing process (second annealing process) for forming the buffer layer 16, it is preferably performed before the buffer layer 15 is formed.
- the sintering process may be performed simultaneously with the annealing process (first annealing process) for forming the collector layer 15.
- phosphorus and boron are ion-implanted into the back surface 112 of the semiconductor substrate 110 to form the buffer layer 16 and the collector layer 15 by phosphorous, respectively, and then annealing is performed by performing a sintering anneal. It is also possible to form them simultaneously.
- a buffer layer 16 in which a donor formed of hydrogen and a donor formed of phosphorus are mixed may be formed by injecting hydrogen into the back surface 112 of the semiconductor substrate and performing an annealing process.
- the donor formed by hydrogen overlaps with the donor formed by phosphorus, or is continuously adjacent to the donor by phosphorus on the semiconductor substrate 110 closer to the surface 111 than the donor by phosphorus.
- another buffer layer may be formed separately. Since the phosphorus donor and the hydrogen donor have different properties, the device performance can be improved. For example, a phosphorus donor has a low activation rate and a short carrier life.
- hydrogen implantation and annealing can be performed after the collector electrode is formed.
- phosphorus and boron may be implanted and annealed with a laser or the like, and then hydrogen may be implanted for annealing.
- the hydrogen implantation is continuously performed a plurality of times while changing the acceleration energy, whereby a buffer layer in which the donor concentration is changed stepwise can be formed.
- the oxygen concentration of the MCZ substrate to be used is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ 10 17 / cm 3 or less, in order to realize good device characteristics.
- the present invention lies in that it is possible to improve the device performance by using a large-diameter MCZ wafer rather than using a conventional FZ substrate because fine alignment is possible.
- IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor
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Abstract
Description
上記半導体基板の第1の表面に第2導電型のベース層が形成される。
上記ベース層の表面に第1導電型のエミッタ領域が形成される。
上記第1の表面に、上記エミッタ領域、上記ベース層および上記半導体基板から絶縁されたゲート電極が形成される。
上記半導体基板の第2の表面を加工することで上記半導体基板が薄化される。
薄化された上記半導体基板の第2の表面にホウ素を注入することで、第2導電型のコレクタ層が形成される。
上記半導体基板の内部であって上記コレクタ層との隣接領域に水素を注入することで、上記半導体基板よりも不純物濃度が高い第1導電型のバッファ層が形成される。
上記半導体層は、第1導電型のMCZ基板で構成される。
上記ベース層は、上記半導体層の上に形成され、第2導電型の半導体で構成される。
上記エミッタ領域は、上記ベース層の表面に形成され、第1導電型の半導体で構成される。
上記ゲート電極は、上記エミッタ領域、上記ベース層および上記半導体層から絶縁して形成される。
上記コレクタ層は、上記半導体層の上記ベース層が形成される面とは反対側の面に形成され、第2導電型の半導体で構成される。
上記バッファ層は、上記半導体層と上記コレクタ層との界面に形成され、上記半導体層よりも不純物濃度が高い第1導電型の半導体で構成される。
上記半導体基板の第1の表面に第2導電型のベース層が形成される。
上記ベース層の表面に第1導電型のエミッタ領域が形成される。
上記第1の表面に、上記エミッタ領域、上記ベース層および上記半導体基板から絶縁されたゲート電極が形成される。
上記半導体基板の第2の表面を加工することで上記半導体基板が薄化される。
薄化された上記半導体基板の第2の表面にホウ素を注入することで、第2導電型のコレクタ層が形成される。
上記半導体基板の内部であって上記コレクタ層との隣接領域に水素を注入することで、上記半導体基板よりも不純物濃度が高い第1導電型のバッファ層が形成される。
ホウ素注入後のアニール処理と水素注入後のアニール処理とを別々に実施することにより、注入されたホウ素の拡散と活性化および水素注入により形成されたドナーの安定化を各々適切に行うことができる。
典型的には、ホウ素の拡散に必要な温度は、水素の拡散に必要な温度よりも高い。そこで第1のアニール処理の後にバッファ層を形成した後、第1の温度以下の第2の温度(例えば280℃以上450℃以下)で第2のアニール処理を実施することで、注入された水素の適正な拡散処理が可能となり、これにより所望とするフィールドストップ機能を有するバッファ層を形成することが可能となる。
これにより、ベース層、エミッタ領域、ゲート電極等の形成工程における基板のハンドリング性を維持することができる。
上記半導体層は、第1導電型のMCZ基板で構成される。
上記ベース層は、上記半導体層の上に形成され、第2導電型の半導体で構成される。
上記エミッタ領域は、上記ベース層の表面に形成され、第1導電型の半導体で構成される。
上記ゲート電極は、上記エミッタ領域、上記ベース層および上記半導体層から絶縁して形成される。
上記コレクタ層は、上記半導体層の上記ベース層が形成される面とは反対側の面に形成され、第2導電型の半導体で構成される。
上記バッファ層は、上記半導体層と上記コレクタ層との界面に形成され、上記半導体層よりも不純物濃度が高い第1導電型の半導体で構成される。
図1は、本発明の一実施形態に係る絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタを示す概略断面図である。本実施形態ではnチャネル縦型IGBTを例に挙げて説明する。本実施形態は電圧定格が600~1200Vのものに適用されるのが好ましいが、これに限定されるものではない。
次に、以上のように構成されるIGBT100の製造方法について説明する。図2~図9は、IGBT100の製造方法を説明する各工程の概略断面図である。
まず、図2に示すように、MCZ法で作製されたn-型の半導体基板(シリコン基板)110を準備する。半導体基板110の直径は、8インチ以上であり、本実施形態では12インチウェーハが用いられる。半導体基板110の厚みは特に限定されず、例えば600~1200μmである。
次に、図4に示すように、半導体基板110の裏面112(第2の表面)を加工することで、半導体基板110が薄化される。半導体基板110の表面111の加工後に薄化工程を実施することで、ベース層12、エミッタ領域13、ゲート電極14、エミッタ電極18等の形成工程における基板のハンドリング性を維持することができる。
続いて図5および図6に示すように、半導体基板110の裏面112にコレクタ層15が形成される。
バッファ層16の形成後、図9に示すように、半導体基板110の裏面112にはコレクタ電極19が形成される。本実施形態ではAl膜、Cr膜、Ni膜およびAu膜を順にスパッタ法で形成することで、コレクタ電極19が形成される。その後、所定の素子サイズに個片化されることで、本実施形態のIGBT100が製造される。
以上のように本実施形態においては、半導体基板としてMCZ基板が用いられるため、8インチサイズ(直径約200mm)以上の基板を容易に作製でき、例えば12インチサイズ(直径約300mm)の大口径基板も比較的容易に入手することができる。これにより大口径基板に適用される種々の微細加工技術を用いることが可能となるため、IGBT素子のさらなる微細化あるいは高品質化(高特性化)を実現することができるとともに、生産性の向上をも図ることが可能となる。
リンによるドナーと水素によるドナーは性質が異なるので素子性能を向上できる。例えばリンのドナーは活性化率が低くキャリア寿命が小さくなる。
本発明は従来のFZ基板を用いるよりも大口径のMCZウェハを用いる方が微細位置あわせが可能なので素子性能が向上できることが分かったことにある。
12…ベース層
13…エミッタ領域
14…ゲート電極
15…コレクタ層
16…バッファ層
17…ゲート酸化物
18…エミッタ電極
19…コレクタ電極
100…IGBT(絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタ)
110…半導体基板
Claims (8)
- MCZ法で作製された第1導電型の半導体基板を準備し、
前記半導体基板の第1の表面に第2導電型のベース層を形成し、
前記ベース層の表面に第1導電型のエミッタ領域を形成し、
前記第1の表面に、前記エミッタ領域、前記ベース層および前記半導体基板から絶縁されたゲート電極を形成し、
前記半導体基板の第2の表面を加工することで前記半導体基板を薄化し、
薄化された前記半導体基板の第2の表面にホウ素を注入することで、第2導電型のコレクタ層を形成し、
前記半導体基板の内部であって前記コレクタ層との隣接領域に水素を注入することで、前記半導体基板よりも不純物濃度が高い第1導電型のバッファ層を形成する
絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタの製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載の絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタの製造方法であって、
前記コレクタ層を形成する工程は、ホウ素の注入後、前記第2の表面を第1の温度で加熱する第1のアニール処理を含み、
前記バッファ層を形成する工程は、水素の注入後、前記第2の表面を第2の温度で加熱する第2のアニール処理を含む
絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタの製造方法。 - 請求項2に記載の絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタの製造方法であって、
前記バッファ層は、前記第1のアニール処理の後に形成される
絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタの製造方法。 - 請求項2又は3に記載の絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタの製造方法であって、
前記第1のアニール処理および前記第2のアニール処理は、加熱炉を用いて実施される
絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタの製造方法。 - 請求項2~4のいずれか1項に記載の絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタの製造方法であって、
前記第1の温度は、400℃以上であり、
前記第2の温度は、250℃以上500℃以下である
絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタの製造方法。 - 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタの製造方法であって、
前記ゲート電極は、前記半導体基板を薄化する前に形成される
絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタの製造方法。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタの製造方法であって、
前記半導体基板は、8インチ以上の直径を有する
絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタの製造方法。 - MCZ基板で構成された第1導電型の半導体層と、
前記半導体層の上に形成された第2導電型のベース層と、
前記ベース層の表面に形成された第1導電型のエミッタ領域と、
前記エミッタ領域、前記ベース層および前記半導体層から絶縁して形成されたゲート電極と、
前記半導体層の前記ベース層が形成される面とは反対側の面に形成された第2導電型のコレクタ層と、
前記半導体層と前記コレクタ層との界面に形成され、前記半導体層よりも不純物濃度が高い第1導電型のバッファ層と、
を具備する絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタ。
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| US15/103,671 US20160300938A1 (en) | 2013-12-10 | 2014-12-02 | Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor and Production Method Thereof |
| CN201480064729.3A CN105765726A (zh) | 2013-12-10 | 2014-12-02 | 绝缘栅双极晶体管及其制造方法 |
| EP14869846.7A EP3082168A4 (en) | 2013-12-10 | 2014-12-02 | Insulated gate bipolar transistor and production method therefor |
| JP2015552307A JPWO2015087507A1 (ja) | 2013-12-10 | 2014-12-02 | 絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタおよびその製造方法 |
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| US20200105874A1 (en) | 2018-10-01 | 2020-04-02 | Ipower Semiconductor | Back side dopant activation in field stop igbt |
| DE102018129467A1 (de) * | 2018-11-22 | 2020-05-28 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Verfahren zum herstellen eines halbleiterbauelements |
| CN110124837B (zh) * | 2019-05-17 | 2021-04-23 | 西安奕斯伟硅片技术有限公司 | 一种硅晶体的破碎方法及热处理装置 |
| CN113471273A (zh) * | 2020-03-31 | 2021-10-01 | 比亚迪半导体股份有限公司 | 绝缘栅双极型晶体管及制备方法、电子设备 |
| CN111354639A (zh) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-06-30 | 上海华虹宏力半导体制造有限公司 | Igbt器件的制备方法及igbt器件 |
| US11302806B1 (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2022-04-12 | Huge Power Limited Taiwan Branch (B.V.I.) | Double-gate trench-type insulated-gate bipolar transistor device |
| CN114512537A (zh) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-05-17 | 北京芯可鉴科技有限公司 | 绝缘栅双极型晶体管igbt的制造方法 |
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| EP3082168A4 (en) | 2017-07-19 |
| TWI574408B (zh) | 2017-03-11 |
| EP3082168A1 (en) | 2016-10-19 |
| KR20160064194A (ko) | 2016-06-07 |
| JPWO2015087507A1 (ja) | 2017-03-16 |
| TW201526235A (zh) | 2015-07-01 |
| US20160300938A1 (en) | 2016-10-13 |
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