WO2015076045A1 - 回転電機、およびその回転電機を備えた電動車両 - Google Patents
回転電機、およびその回転電機を備えた電動車両 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015076045A1 WO2015076045A1 PCT/JP2014/077770 JP2014077770W WO2015076045A1 WO 2015076045 A1 WO2015076045 A1 WO 2015076045A1 JP 2014077770 W JP2014077770 W JP 2014077770W WO 2015076045 A1 WO2015076045 A1 WO 2015076045A1
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- rotating electrical
- electrical machine
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- rotor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
- H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
- B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/24—Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors
- H02K1/246—Variable reluctance rotors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
- B60L2240/12—Speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
- B60L2240/421—Speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
- B60L2240/423—Torque
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
- H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
- H02K1/2773—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect consisting of tangentially magnetized radial magnets
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rotating electric machine and an electric vehicle including the rotating electric machine.
- Rotating electric machines used for driving vehicles are required to be small in size and high in output, including an inverter device that is a control circuit.
- an inverter device that is a control circuit.
- a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine that has a large torque in a low-speed rotation region and can output a high output even in a high-speed rotation region.
- an embedded magnet type rotating electrical machine that can weaken a field during high-speed rotation and that can utilize reluctance torque is often used.
- Japanese Patent No. 4668721 discloses a structure of an embedded magnet type rotating electrical machine.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a rotating electric machine that reduces stress and further improves the power factor while obtaining a large reluctance torque, and an electric vehicle including the rotating electric machine.
- a permanent magnet is disposed on the q axis passing between the magnetic poles of the rotor, a gap is provided in the radial direction thereof, and the permanent magnet is also permanently opposed to sandwich the d axis passing through the magnetic pole center.
- a magnet is disposed, and a gap is provided at the opposite part.
- a first imaginary line that coincides with the boundary line on the inner periphery side of the rotor core of the permanent magnet insertion hole arranged so as to face the d axis, and a first imaginary line that is concentric with the inner periphery of the rotor core Is set such that there are two or more contacts between the second innermost virtual line and the first virtual line.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a rotating electric machine that achieves high output by simultaneously improving reluctance torque, reducing stress, and improving power factor, and an electric vehicle equipped with the rotating electric machine.
- FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of a rotor 250.
- the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention can achieve high output by simultaneously improving reluctance torque, reducing stress, and improving power factor. Therefore, for example, it is suitable as a rotating electrical machine for driving an electric vehicle.
- the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention can be applied to a pure electric vehicle that runs only by the rotating electrical machine and a hybrid type electric vehicle that is driven by both the engine and the rotating electrical machine.
- a hybrid type electric vehicle is taken as an example. explain.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a hybrid electric vehicle equipped with a rotating electrical machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the vehicle 100 is mounted with an engine 120, a first rotating electrical machine 200, a second rotating electrical machine 202, and a battery 180.
- the battery 180 supplies DC power to the rotating electrical machines 200 and 202 via the power converter 600 when the driving force by the rotating electrical machines 200 and 202 is required, and receives DC power from the rotating electrical machines 200 and 202 during regenerative travel. . Transfer of direct-current power between the battery 810 and the rotating electrical machines 200 and 202 is performed via the power conversion device 600.
- the vehicle is equipped with a battery that supplies low-voltage power (for example, 14 volt system power) and supplies DC power to a control circuit described below.
- Rotational torque generated by the engine 120 and the rotating electrical machines 200 and 202 is transmitted to the front wheels 110 via the transmission 130 and the differential gear 160.
- the transmission 130 is controlled by a transmission control device 134
- the engine 120 is controlled by an engine control device 124.
- the battery 180 is controlled by the battery control device 184.
- Transmission control device 134, engine control device 124, battery control device 184, power conversion device 600 and integrated control device 170 are connected by communication line 174.
- the integrated control device 170 is a higher-level control device than the transmission control device 134, the engine control device 124, the power conversion device 600, and the battery control device 184, and the transmission control device 134, the engine control device 124, and the power conversion device 600. And information representing each state of the battery control device 184 is received from each of them via the communication line 174. The integrated control device 170 calculates a control command for each control device based on the acquired information. The calculated control command is transmitted to each control device via the communication line 174.
- the high voltage battery 180 is composed of a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery or a nickel metal hydride battery, and outputs a high voltage DC power of 250 to 600 volts or more.
- the battery control device 184 outputs the charge / discharge status of the battery 180 and the state of each unit cell battery constituting the battery 180 to the integrated control device 170 via the communication line 174.
- the integrated control device 170 determines that the battery 180 needs to be charged based on the information from the battery control device 184, the integrated control device 170 instructs the power conversion device 600 to perform a power generation operation.
- the integrated control device 170 mainly manages the output torque of the engine 120 and the rotating electrical machines 200 and 202, and calculates the total torque and torque distribution ratio between the output torque of the engine 120 and the output torque of the rotating electrical machines 200 and 202. And a control command based on the calculation processing result is transmitted to the transmission control device 134, the engine control device 124, and the power conversion device 600.
- the power conversion device 600 controls the rotating electrical machines 200 and 202 so that torque output or generated power is generated as commanded.
- the power conversion device 600 is provided with a power semiconductor that constitutes an inverter for operating the rotating electric machines 200 and 202.
- the power conversion device 600 controls the switching operation of the power semiconductor based on a command from the integrated control device 170. By the switching operation of the power semiconductor, the rotary electric machines 200 and 202 are operated as an electric motor or a generator.
- DC power from the high voltage battery 180 is supplied to the DC terminal of the inverter of the power converter 600.
- the power conversion device 600 converts the DC power supplied by controlling the switching operation of the power semiconductor into three-phase AC power, and supplies it to the rotating electrical machines 200 and 202.
- the rotating electrical machines 200 and 202 are operated as a generator, the rotors of the rotating electrical machines 200 and 202 are rotationally driven with a rotational torque applied from the outside, and the stator windings of the rotating electrical machines 200 and 202 are three-phased. AC power is generated.
- the generated three-phase AC power is converted into DC power by the power converter 600, and the DC power is supplied to the high-voltage battery 180, whereby the battery 180 is charged.
- FIG. 2 shows a circuit diagram of the power conversion device 600 of FIG.
- the power conversion device 600 is provided with a first inverter device for the rotating electrical machine 200 and a second inverter device for the rotating electrical machine 202.
- the first inverter device includes a power module 610, a first drive circuit 652 that controls the switching operation of each power semiconductor 21 of the power module 610, and a current sensor 660 that detects the current of the rotating electrical machine 200.
- the drive circuit 652 is provided on the drive circuit board 650.
- the second inverter device includes a power module 620, a second drive circuit 656 that controls the switching operation of each power semiconductor 21 in the power module 620, and a current sensor 662 that detects the current of the rotating electrical machine 202.
- the drive circuit 656 is provided on the drive circuit board 654.
- the control circuit 648 provided on the control circuit board 646, the capacitor module 630, and the transmission / reception circuit 644 mounted on the connector board 642 are commonly used by the first inverter device and the second inverter device.
- the power modules 610 and 620 operate according to drive signals output from the corresponding drive circuits 652 and 656, respectively. Each of the power modules 610 and 620 converts DC power supplied from the battery 180 into three-phase AC power and supplies the power to stator windings that are armature windings of the corresponding rotating electric machines 200 and 202. Further, the power modules 610 and 620 convert AC power induced in the stator windings of the rotating electric machines 200 and 202 into DC and supply it to the high voltage battery 180.
- the power modules 610 and 620 include a three-phase bridge circuit as shown in FIG. 2, and series circuits corresponding to the three phases are electrically connected in parallel between the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side of the battery 180, respectively. ing.
- Each series circuit includes a power semiconductor 21 constituting an upper arm and a power semiconductor 21 constituting a lower arm, and these power semiconductors 21 are connected in series.
- the power module 610 and the power module 620 have substantially the same circuit configuration as shown in FIG. 2, and the power module 610 will be described as a representative here.
- an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) 21 is used as a switching power semiconductor element.
- the IGBT 21 includes three electrodes, a collector electrode, an emitter electrode, and a gate electrode.
- a diode 38 is electrically connected between the collector electrode and the emitter electrode of the IGBT 21.
- the diode 38 includes two electrodes, a cathode electrode and an anode electrode.
- the cathode electrode is the collector electrode of the IGBT 21 and the anode electrode is the IGBT 21 so that the direction from the emitter electrode to the collector electrode of the IGBT 21 is the forward direction.
- Each is electrically connected to the emitter electrode.
- a MOSFET metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor
- the MOSFET includes three electrodes, a drain electrode, a source electrode, and a gate electrode.
- a parasitic diode whose forward direction is from the drain electrode to the source electrode is provided between the source electrode and the drain electrode, so there is no need to provide the diode 38 of FIG.
- the arm of each phase is configured such that the emitter electrode of the IGBT 21 and the collector electrode of the IGBT 21 are electrically connected in series.
- the present embodiment only one IGBT of each upper and lower arm of each phase is shown, but since the current capacity to be controlled is large, a plurality of IGBTs are actually electrically connected in parallel. Has been. Below, in order to simplify description, it demonstrates as one power semiconductor.
- each upper and lower arm of each phase is composed of three IGBTs.
- the collector electrode of the IGBT 21 of each upper arm of each phase is electrically connected to the positive electrode side of the battery 180, and the source electrode of the IGBT 21 of each lower arm of each phase is electrically connected to the negative electrode side of the battery 180.
- the middle point of each arm of each phase (the connection portion between the emitter electrode of the upper arm side IGBT and the collector electrode of the IGBT on the lower arm side) is the armature winding (fixed) of the corresponding phase of the corresponding rotating electric machine 200, 202. Is electrically connected to the secondary winding.
- the drive circuits 652 and 656 constitute a drive unit for controlling the corresponding inverter devices 610 and 620, and generate a drive signal for driving the IGBT 21 based on the control signal output from the control circuit 648. To do.
- the drive signals generated by the drive circuits 652 and 656 are output to the gates of the power semiconductor elements of the corresponding power modules 610 and 620, respectively.
- Each of the drive circuits 652 and 656 is provided with six integrated circuits that generate drive signals to be supplied to the gates of the upper and lower arms of each phase, and the six integrated circuits are configured as one block.
- the control circuit 648 constitutes a control unit of each of the inverter devices 610 and 620, and is constituted by a microcomputer that calculates a control signal (control value) for operating (turning on / off) a plurality of switching power semiconductor elements. ing.
- the control circuit 648 receives a torque command signal (torque command value) from the host controller, sensor outputs of the current sensors 660 and 662, and sensor outputs of the rotation sensors mounted on the rotating electrical machines 200 and 202.
- the control circuit 648 calculates a control value based on these input signals and outputs a control signal for controlling the switching timing to the drive circuits 652 and 656.
- the transmission / reception circuit 644 mounted on the connector board 642 is for electrically connecting the power conversion apparatus 600 and an external control apparatus, and communicates information with other apparatuses via the communication line 174 in FIG. Send and receive.
- Capacitor module 630 constitutes a smoothing circuit for suppressing fluctuations in the DC voltage caused by the switching operation of IGBT 21, and is electrically connected to the DC side terminal of first power module 610 or second power module 620. Connected in parallel.
- FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the rotating electric machine 200 of FIG.
- the rotating electrical machine 200 and the rotating electrical machine 202 have substantially the same structure, and the structure of the rotating electrical machine 200 will be described below as a representative example. However, the structure shown below does not need to be employed in both the rotating electrical machines 200 and 202, and may be employed in only one of them.
- a stator 230 is held inside the housing 212, and the stator 230 includes a stator core 232 and a stator winding 238.
- a rotor 250 is rotatably held on the inner peripheral side of the stator core 232 through a gap 222.
- the rotor 250 includes a rotor core 252 fixed to the shaft 218, a permanent magnet 254, and a non-magnetic material plate 226.
- the housing 212 has a pair of end brackets 214 provided with bearings 216, and the shaft 218 is rotatably held by these bearings 216.
- the shaft 218 is provided with a resolver 224 that detects the pole position and rotation speed of the rotor 250.
- the output from the resolver 224 is taken into the control circuit 648 shown in FIG.
- the control circuit 648 outputs a control signal to the drive circuit 652 based on the fetched output.
- the drive circuit 652 outputs a drive signal based on the control signal to the power module 610.
- the power module 610 performs a switching operation based on the control signal, and converts DC power supplied from the battery 180 into three-phase AC power. This three-phase AC power is supplied to the stator winding 238 shown in FIG. 3 and a rotating magnetic field is generated in the stator 230.
- the frequency of the three-phase alternating current is controlled based on the output value of the resolver 224, and the phase of the three-phase alternating current with respect to the rotor 250 is also controlled based on the output value of the resolver 224.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the stator 230 and the rotor 250, and shows a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. In FIG. 4, the housing 212, the shaft 218, and the stator winding 238 are not shown.
- slots 237 and teeth 236 are arranged uniformly over the entire circumference.
- 48 slots 237 are formed at equal intervals.
- all slots and teeth are not labeled, and only some teeth and slots are represented by symbols.
- Slot insulation (not shown) is provided in the slot 24, and a plurality of phase windings of u phase to w phase constituting the stator winding 238 are mounted. In the present embodiment, distributed winding is adopted as a method of winding the stator winding 238.
- the distributed winding is a winding method in which the phase winding is wound around the stator core 232 so that the phase winding is accommodated in two slots that are spaced apart from each other across the plurality of slots 237.
- distributed winding is adopted as the winding method, so that the formed magnetic flux distribution is close to a sine wave shape, and it is easy to obtain reluctance torque. Therefore, it is possible to control not only a low rotational speed but also a wide rotational speed range up to a high rotational speed by utilizing field weakening control and reluctance torque, which is suitable for obtaining motor characteristics of an electric vehicle or the like.
- a plurality of magnet insertion holes 253 for inserting permanent magnets are provided at equal intervals in units of poles.
- Each magnet insertion hole 253 is formed along the axial direction, and permanent magnets 254 are embedded in the magnet insertion holes 253, respectively.
- the permanent magnet 254a is disposed on the q axis, and the permanent magnet 254b and the permanent magnet 254c are disposed so as to face each other across the d axis.
- the permanent magnet 254a has a substantially rectangular shape, and the permanent magnet 254b and the permanent magnet 254c have a substantially arc shape.
- the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet 254a is perpendicular to the q axis, and the permanent magnets 254b and 254c are directed to the inner circumferential surface radial direction, and the magnetization direction is reversed for each magnetic pole. That is, if a certain magnetic pole center part is magnetized so as to be an N pole on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 250, it is magnetized so as to be an S pole at the adjacent magnetic pole center and alternates in the circumferential direction. So that it is magnetized.
- the permanent magnet 254 may be magnetized and then inserted into the magnet insertion hole 253, or may be magnetized by applying a strong magnetic field after being inserted into the magnet insertion hole 253 of the rotor core 252.
- the magnetized permanent magnet 254 is a strong magnet, if the magnet is magnetized before the permanent magnet 254 is fixed to the rotor 250, a strong attractive force between the rotor core 252 and the permanent magnet 254 is fixed. Occurs and hinders assembly work.
- dust such as iron powder may adhere to the permanent magnet 254. Therefore, when considering the productivity of the rotating electrical machine, it is preferable that the permanent magnet 254 is magnetized after being inserted into the rotor core 252.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a part of the cross-sectional view shown in FIG.
- the permanent magnets 254a, 254b, and 254c are inserted into the magnet insertion holes 253, respectively, and fixed with an adhesive.
- a part of the magnet insertion hole 253 is set to be larger than the gap necessary for assembly compared to the size of the permanent magnet. Due to the difference in size, hole spaces 257a1 and 257a2 are formed at the end of the permanent magnet 254a.
- hole spaces 257b1 and 257b2 at the end of the permanent magnet 254b, and hole spaces 257c1 and 257c2 at the end of the permanent magnet 254c, which function as magnetic gaps.
- This hole space may not be completely a space, may be filled with an adhesive, or may be solidified integrally with a permanent magnet with a molding resin.
- the hole space 257a1 is provided at the corner of the permanent magnet 254a and the center of the end of the permanent magnet 254a, and the hole space 257a2 is provided at the corner of the permanent magnet 254a.
- the hole spaces 257b1 and 257b2 are provided at the corners of the permanent magnet 254b.
- the hole space 257c1 is provided at the corner on the rotor inner peripheral side of the permanent magnet 254c and the corner on the rotor outer peripheral side from the end center of the permanent magnet 254c, and the hole space 257c2 is provided at the corner of the permanent magnet 254c. It has been.
- the hole space 257d is provided while the permanent magnet 254a and the permanent magnet 254b face each other.
- the hole space adjacent to the outer periphery of the rotor core 252 exists at the center of the end portion of the permanent magnet. Since each hole space has a large angle R, it has a function of relaxing stress concentration. However, with respect to the hole space 257a1 and the hole space 257c1, the magnetic resistance on the outer peripheral side of the rotor core 252 of the permanent magnet 254 is increased. As shown in FIG. 6, the magnetic flux ⁇ r opposite to the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet generated during the operation of the rotating electric machine can be released to the outer periphery of the rotor core, and the demagnetization resistance against the reverse magnetic field of the rotor can be reduced. Can be improved.
- the magnetic flux ⁇ q shown in FIG. 5 indicates the magnetic flux passing through the q axis
- the magnetic flux ⁇ d indicates the magnetic flux passing through the d axis.
- the reluctance torque is generated based on the difference between the magnetic resistance of the magnetic path through which the magnetic flux ⁇ q passes and the magnetic resistance of the magnetic path through which the magnetic flux ⁇ d passes.
- the magnet torque is represented by the product of the component interlinked with each phase winding of the magnetic flux generated from the permanent magnet 254 and the component orthogonal to the interlinkage magnetic flux of the alternating current flowing through each phase winding.
- the magnetic path through which the magnetic flux ⁇ q passes is wide in the width of the rotor core 252, so that the magnetic resistance of the magnetic path can be reduced.
- the permanent magnets 254a and 254c having low permeability exist in the magnetic path through which the magnetic flux ⁇ d passes, the magnetic resistance of the magnetic path is large, and the difference between the magnetic resistances of the magnetic flux ⁇ q and the magnetic flux ⁇ d is large. Therefore, a large reluctance torque can be obtained.
- the permanent magnet 254 can be a neodymium-based or samarium-based sintered magnet, a ferrite magnet, a neodymium-based bonded magnet, or the like, and the residual magnetic flux density is about 0.3 to 1.3 T. If this embodiment is used, the surface area of the permanent magnet is larger than that of a general permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine, and the magnetization directions of the permanent magnets 254a, 254b, and 254c are all concentrated near the center of the magnetic pole. Since a large amount of interlinkage magnetic flux can be obtained, the decrease in magnet torque is small even if the residual magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet is low. Therefore, sufficient performance can be obtained even if a permanent magnet having a residual magnetic flux density of about 0.3 to 0.8 T is used.
- a permanent magnet type rotating electric machine having a large reluctance torque has a demerit that an inductance becomes large, thereby deteriorating a power factor and decreasing a maximum output.
- a large number of permanent magnets are used, and in particular, the permanent magnet 254a increases the magnetic resistance of the magnetic path and lowers the impedance. A decrease in output can be prevented.
- the dimension in the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet 254a is set to be thicker than the dimension in the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet 254b.
- FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of one pole portion of the cross-sectional view shown in FIG.
- the rotor core 252 has a complicated shape, stress concentration occurs at high rotation speeds, and even if high rotation output is possible on the magnetic circuit, it is mechanically high rotation speeds. The demerit that it can not cope with the conversion comes out. Stress is generated in a substantially circumferential direction of the rotor core 252 due to the centrifugal force generated in the rotor core 252 and the permanent magnet 254 during high rotation, and concentrated on a convex portion with respect to the stress vector ⁇ .
- a virtual line L1 that coincides with the boundary line on the inner peripheral side of the rotor core 252 of the magnet insertion hole into which the permanent magnet 254b is inserted, and a virtual line L1 that is concentric with the inner periphery of the rotor core 252 Since there are two contact points P1 with the imaginary line L2 in contact with each other, high rotation speed can be achieved mechanically by dispersing the stress. In the present embodiment, there are two, but there can be two or more contacts in one magnetic pole to disperse the stress.
- FIG. 8 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of another rotating electrical machine using the present invention.
- a substantially rectangular magnet is used as the permanent magnet 254b
- a virtual line L1 that coincides with the boundary line on the inner peripheral side of the rotor core 252 of the magnet insertion hole into which the permanent magnet 254b is inserted, and the inner periphery of the rotor core 252 Since there are two contact points P1 with the imaginary line L2 that is concentric with the imaginary line L1, it is possible to increase the rotation speed by dispersing the stress.
- FIG. 9 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of another rotating electrical machine using the present invention. Even if a substantially rectangular magnet is used as the permanent magnet 254c, the same effect can be obtained by adopting the configuration of the present invention. That is, the number of permanent magnets 254c is not limited to two per magnetic pole, and the same effect can be obtained as long as the characteristics of the present invention are not impaired.
- the rotating electrical machine described above a battery that supplies DC power, and a converter that converts the DC power of the battery into AC power and supplies the AC power to the rotating electrical machine are provided.
- a high-output vehicle can be provided.
- the present invention is not limited to the number of poles but can be applied to rotating electric machines having other pole numbers.
- the present invention can be applied not only to a rotating electrical machine for driving a vehicle but also to a rotating electrical machine used for various purposes.
- the present invention is not limited to a driving electrical machine and can be applied to various rotating electrical machines such as a generator. Is possible.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment as long as the characteristics of the present invention are not impaired.
- SYMBOLS 100 Vehicle 120: Engine 180: Battery 200, 202: Rotating electric machine 230: Stator 232: Stator core 236: Teeth 237: Slot 238: Stator winding 241: Coil end 250: Rotor 252: Rotor core 254a ⁇ C: Permanent magnet 257a1 ⁇ c2: Magnetic gap 600: Power converter ⁇ d: d-axis magnetic flux ⁇ q: q-axis magnetic flux ⁇ r: reverse magnetic flux L1-L2: virtual line P1: contact ⁇ : stress vector
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
Abstract
Description
120:エンジン
180:バッテリ
200,202:回転電機
230:固定子
232:固定子コア
236:ティース
237:スロット
238:固定子巻線
241:コイルエンド
250:回転子
252:回転子コア
254a~c:永久磁石
257a1~c2:磁気的空隙
600:電力変換装置
Φd:d軸の磁束
Φq:q軸の磁束
Φr:逆磁界の磁束
L1~L2:仮想線
P1:接点
σ:応力ベクトル
Claims (8)
- d軸磁石が挿入されるd軸磁石挿入孔と、
q軸磁石が挿入されるq軸磁石挿入孔とを有する回転子を備える回転電機において、
前記d軸磁石は、d軸を挟んで対向するように配置され、
前記q軸磁石は、q軸上に配置され、
前記q軸磁石挿入孔は、前記q軸磁石の径方向外側に第1の空隙、径方向内側に第2の空隙を有し、
前記d軸磁石挿入孔は、前記d軸磁石がd軸を挟んで対向する部位に第3の空隙を有し、
前記第1の空隙は、磁石の側面の中心に逃げ部を有する形状であり、
前記第2の空隙及び第3の空隙は、磁石の角部に逃げ部を有する形状であり、
前記d軸磁石挿入孔の回転子内周側の境界線と一致する第1の仮想線と、
前記回転子の外周と同心円であり前記第1の仮想線と接する第2の仮想線とを設定したとき、
最内周の前記第2の仮想線と、前記第1の仮想線との接点が2個以上である回転電機。 - 請求項1に記載の回転電機において、
前記d軸磁石挿入孔が、前記q軸磁石挿入孔と対向する部位に第4の空隙を有し、
前記第4の空隙は、磁石の角部に逃げ部を有する形状である回転電機。 - 請求項1乃至2のいずれか一項に記載の回転電機であって、
前記回転電機の固定子は、分布巻により固定子巻線が巻き回されている回転電機。 - 請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の回転電機であって、
前記q軸磁石、前記d軸磁石の少なくともいずれか一方の磁石の残留磁束密度は0.3~0.8Tである回転電機。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の回転電機であって、
前記q軸磁石の回転子軸方向断面形状は、略矩形である回転電機。 - 請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の回転電機であって、
前記d軸磁石の回転子軸方向断面形状は、略アーク形状である回転電機。 - 請求項1乃至6のいずれか一項に記載の回転電機であって、
前記q軸磁石の磁化方向の寸法は、回転子最内周の前記d軸磁石の磁化方向の寸法よりも厚い回転電機。 - 請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載の回転電機と、
直流電力を供給するバッテリと、
前記バッテリの直流電力を交流電力に変換して前記回転電機に供給する変換装置とを備え、
前記回転電機のトルクを駆動力として用いる車両。
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14863370.4A EP3073614B1 (en) | 2013-11-20 | 2014-10-20 | Rotary electric machine and electric vehicle provided with same |
| JP2015549037A JP6263551B2 (ja) | 2013-11-20 | 2014-10-20 | 回転電機、およびその回転電機を備えた電動車両 |
| CN201480063227.9A CN105745820B (zh) | 2013-11-20 | 2014-10-20 | 旋转电机和具备该旋转电机的电动车辆 |
| US15/037,566 US10153672B2 (en) | 2013-11-20 | 2014-10-20 | Rotary electric machine and electric vehicle provided with same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013-239452 | 2013-11-20 | ||
| JP2013239452 | 2013-11-20 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| WO2015076045A1 true WO2015076045A1 (ja) | 2015-05-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/JP2014/077770 Ceased WO2015076045A1 (ja) | 2013-11-20 | 2014-10-20 | 回転電機、およびその回転電機を備えた電動車両 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10153672B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP3073614B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6263551B2 (ja) |
| CN (2) | CN109327088B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2015076045A1 (ja) |
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| GB2559015B (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2019-05-22 | Jaguar Land Rover Ltd | Electric machine apparatus |
| JP2022129760A (ja) * | 2021-02-25 | 2022-09-06 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 回転電機 |
| WO2023068326A1 (ja) * | 2021-10-20 | 2023-04-27 | 株式会社アイシン | 回転電機用ロータ |
| WO2023084937A1 (ja) * | 2021-11-15 | 2023-05-19 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | ロータコア、ロータ、および回転電機 |
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| JP6147661B2 (ja) | 2013-12-27 | 2017-06-14 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 回転子、およびこれを備えた永久磁石式回転電機、電動駆動システム、電動車両 |
| ITUB20150608A1 (it) * | 2015-04-14 | 2016-10-14 | Ge Avio Srl | Metodo di realizzazione di una struttura di rotore di una macchina elettrica sincrona a riluttanza, e relativa macchina elettrica sincrona a riluttanza |
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| JP6879140B2 (ja) * | 2017-09-15 | 2021-06-02 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 回転電機 |
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| JP7478104B2 (ja) * | 2021-01-08 | 2024-05-02 | 株式会社アイシン | ロータコア |
| DE102021202917A1 (de) | 2021-03-25 | 2022-09-29 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Elektrische Maschine und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer elektrischen Maschine |
| GB2620418A (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2024-01-10 | Jaguar Land Rover Ltd | Electric machine rotor |
| US12316178B2 (en) * | 2022-11-16 | 2025-05-27 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Torque ripple compensation with rotor pocket notches in multi-layer synchronous machines |
| CN116780800B (zh) * | 2023-06-16 | 2024-04-16 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | 一种具有低损耗特征的低温高速电机结构 |
| EP4572095A1 (en) * | 2023-12-12 | 2025-06-18 | Weg Equipamentos Elétricos S/A | Rotor for a rotating electric machine and rotating electric machine |
| CN118017730B (zh) * | 2024-02-20 | 2024-09-06 | 淮阴工学院 | 一种永磁同步电机转子和电机 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105745820B (zh) | 2018-11-16 |
| CN109327088B (zh) | 2020-06-26 |
| JPWO2015076045A1 (ja) | 2017-03-16 |
| CN105745820A (zh) | 2016-07-06 |
| JP6263551B2 (ja) | 2018-01-17 |
| EP3073614B1 (en) | 2019-08-28 |
| US10153672B2 (en) | 2018-12-11 |
| EP3073614A1 (en) | 2016-09-28 |
| CN109327088A (zh) | 2019-02-12 |
| EP3073614A4 (en) | 2017-07-19 |
| US20160301271A1 (en) | 2016-10-13 |
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