WO2015075059A1 - Method for treating a laser-transparent substrate for subsequently separating the substrate - Google Patents
Method for treating a laser-transparent substrate for subsequently separating the substrate Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015075059A1 WO2015075059A1 PCT/EP2014/074989 EP2014074989W WO2015075059A1 WO 2015075059 A1 WO2015075059 A1 WO 2015075059A1 EP 2014074989 W EP2014074989 W EP 2014074989W WO 2015075059 A1 WO2015075059 A1 WO 2015075059A1
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- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- laser beam
- region
- laser
- modified regions
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B33/00—Severing cooled glass
- C03B33/02—Cutting or splitting sheet glass or ribbons; Apparatus or machines therefor
- C03B33/0222—Scoring using a focussed radiation beam, e.g. laser
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/50—Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D5/00—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
- B28D5/0005—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by breaking, e.g. dicing
- B28D5/0011—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by breaking, e.g. dicing with preliminary treatment, e.g. weakening by scoring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
- B23K2103/52—Ceramics
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for treating a laser-transparent substrate for subsequent separation of the substrate along a separation region.
- Such a method has become known, for example, from EP 2 258 512 A1.
- the substrate is locally melted, so that a structurally weakened area arises in the interior of the substrate.
- the substrate is broken by mechanical action on the weakened area and thus separated.
- WO 201 1/025908 A1 discloses a method for cutting chemically hardened glass with a laser beam whose wavelength is transparent to the chemically hardened glass. The laser beam is thereby focused in an inner region of the chemically cured glass subjected to tensile stress.
- WO 2012/006736 A2 discloses a method for preparing the substrate for cleavage, wherein the substrate is irradiated with a laser beam in such a way that by self-focusing the laser beam, filaments are formed along which the substrate can subsequently be cleaved.
- EP 1 494 271 A1 discloses a method for separating a substrate by means of a laser beam. This is focused at a point in the substrate, which serves as a starting point for separating the substrate.
- voids ie small cracks and / or cavities in the substrate material, occur in the region of the cut edges or parting surfaces, which represent a damage zone in the substrate and which can be, for example, starting points for undesired further cracks of substrates, in particular when separating chemically toughened glasses, by means of material-removing processes, disadvantageously long processing times and in some cases also an unsatisfactory quality of the cut edges or parting surfaces, resulting in cutting edges with a taper angle of more than 4 ° is a purely mechanical separation of tempered glasses with layer thicknesses (English "Depth Of Layer” or DOL) of more than 40 ⁇ generally not possible.
- the present invention has for its object to provide a method for treating a laser-transparent substrate for subsequent separation of the substrate, which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art.
- the quality of the cut edges or separating surfaces of severed substrate parts should be improved.
- This object is achieved by a method of treating a laser-transparent substrate for subsequent separation of the substrate along a separation region, with the following method steps:
- step a.) Performing step a.) At at least one further substrate position to form a separation region comprising the modified regions.
- the modification can consist of both binding and density changes as well as transient effects, such as increased electron densities or temperatures.
- the modified regions produced in the substrate together form a separation region, along which the substrate can be easily separated into one or more substrate parts following the treatment step.
- the beam parameters are set in accordance with the invention in such a way that the volume region formed in the beam direction in the beam direction or in a cone-shaped manner is formed in the laser beam, in which case a
- Schwellfluenz is exceeded to produce a modification, arise in the substrate or in the separation area no voids (cracks or cavities), but a uniform and uniformly modified separation area, which produces smooth and clean separation surfaces of high surface quality at the Substratattei- len after the separation process.
- Modified regions in the substrate, in which the forces required for later separation can be cumulated, are produced in the laser beam by virtue of the volume-shaped region of the laser beam tapering in the manner of a club or pear shape. In the method according to the invention, there is basically no shift of the focal position in the spread for generating the separation region. direction of the laser beam required.
- a comparatively large amount of energy can be introduced into the substrate by the laser beam in the club-shaped or pear-shaped, tapered volume region, so that slower cooling is possible and, consequently, lower temperature gradients occur in the substrate.
- transient effects can be used to separate in this way.
- Two borderline cases are possible: In one of the two borderline cases a permanent modification can be achieved, in the other a temporary modification. In the second case, this is achieved by a higher heat input, for example by a larger overlap of the temporarily modified areas. In this case, the volume of the temporarily modified area is larger, this cools down more slowly, so that the modifications can heal.
- the interior of the substrate is pretreated by the modified regions in such a way that it can subsequently be separated easily, ie by, for example, a small amount of manual effort. Only when separating a (single) continuous, the substrate is in one or more substrate parts separating crack.
- both preloaded and non-prestressed substrates or glasses with a 0 ° taper angle and a comparatively high processing speed can be separated.
- the method also makes it possible to separate transparent substrate materials (for example, chemically tempered, but also non-prestressed substrates) with material thicknesses in the range from 50 ⁇ m to 5 mm, in particular from 0.3 mm to 1, 1 mm.
- any desired cutting contours or cutting geometries can be realized by the method according to the invention.
- the longitudinal extent of the club-shaped or pear-shaped, tapered volume region is typically substantially greater than its transverse extent, the longitudinal extension direction of the club-shaped or pear-shaped volume region (to some extent the club or bulb longitudinal direction) and the beam direction of the laser beam (or the laser beam axis direction) generally coinciding or aligned parallel to each other.
- the substrate to be treated or separated is typically plate-shaped, ie flat, formed, wherein the beam direction of the laser beam is usually irradiated or aligned orthogonal to the substrate surface of the plate-shaped substrate.
- the club-shaped or pear-shaped tapered volume range adjusts by a Isophote, ie by a closed area of the same fluence or radiation intensity, delimited volume.
- the club-shaped or pear-shaped volume area typically surrounds the focus of the laser beam.
- the modified regions each extend essentially along the beam axis of the laser beam and have a larger transverse extent in an inlet region (region in which the laser beam enters the substrate) than in a lower partial region adjacent thereto in the propagation direction of the laser beam.
- the reason for the shape of the modified regions which is widened in a club or pear shape is that energy of the laser beam is already absorbed during their formation in the entry region, so that less energy is available in the lower region of the modified region following in the direction of propagation of the laser beam due to the swelling behavior is deposited in a smaller area.
- the threshold for producing a modification is fundamentally dependent on the treated substrate material. A typical value for the threshold fluence for producing a modification is about 10 J / cm 2 .
- the transverse extent or width of the modified regions (width in the feed direction) is typically between 8 ⁇ and 10 ⁇ and their longitudinal extent or length is usually about a few 100 ⁇ .
- IR, VIS and UV radiation of the wavelengths 1064 nm, 1030 nm, 800 nm, 515 nm and 343 nm can be used as radiation for generating the club-shaped or pear-shaped tapered volume range. It is understood that radiation with wavelengths lying between these values can also be used.
- the beam parameters are adjusted such that a ratio of the maximum transverse extent of substrate surface ends of the volume range and the maximum longitudinal extent of the volume range between 1/2 and 1/150, in particular between 1/10 and 1/70, is.
- a ratio of the maximum transverse extent of substrate surface ends of the volume range and the maximum longitudinal extent of the volume range between 1/2 and 1/150, in particular between 1/10 and 1/70, is.
- a substrate-surface-side end is understood to mean, in particular, an end zone of the club-shaped or pear-shaped volume region.
- the beam parameters are adjusted such that the modified regions produced have a width of more than 3 ⁇ m. In this way it is achieved that the volume of the modified regions is comparatively large. It is now possible to cumulate the forces required for separation. Furthermore, the stored energy can be utilized for transient effects due to the comparatively large volume.
- the Rayleigh length z r , the pulse energy E in the laser beam, the pulse duration ⁇ and the wavelength ⁇ of the laser beam are set as beam parameters in such a way that
- the laser beam is in each case 0.01 times to 5 times, in particular 0.3 times to 2 times, the minimum laser beam radius where relative to the substrate, in particular parallel, offset.
- a plurality of, in particular hose-like, modified regions can be lined up without the individual modified regions having an adverse effect on one another during their production. It can be prevented by the choice of a corresponding parallel offset overlaps adjacent arranged modified areas.
- the distance between adjacent modified regions can be for example 8 ⁇ to 20 ⁇ with a focus diameter of 7 ⁇ .
- the irradiation of the substrate is interrupted during the relative displacement from a substrate position to a further substrate position.
- the laser beam may be operated continuously or at least at a reduced intensity during relative displacement between adjacent substrate positions.
- the ratio of a speed for moving the laser beam between adjacent substrate positions (offset speed) and a pulse rate of the laser beam between 0.1 ⁇ and 50 ⁇ , in particular between 1 ⁇ and 20 ⁇ .
- a plurality of modified regions arranged one above the other in the beam direction are produced in the substrate interior, if the ratio of the substrate thickness do and the minimum beam radius is in the range between approximately 30 and approximately 800, in particular between approximately 30 and about 100, lies.
- the ratio of the substrate thickness do and the minimum beam radius is in the range between approximately 30 and approximately 800, in particular between approximately 30 and about 100, lies.
- modified regions arranged one above another are generated by means of a respective further laser beam.
- a simultaneous or parallel treatment of the substrate of the inventive method sequence when separating comparatively thick substrates can be accelerated.
- a double focus optics can be used.
- the crack causing the separation of the substrate parts can thus extend simultaneously along the modified regions arranged one above the other, whereby in particular transient effects can be utilized.
- the modified regions are produced by means of laser pulses introduced at the substrate positions.
- a first comparatively weak pulse By initially a comparatively weak effect or irradiation on the substrate (by a first comparatively weak pulse), further (comparatively weaker) pulses can be better absorbed at the same point. In this way, the formation of voids and a consequent undesirable crack propagation are further avoided, whereby more energy can be deposited overall.
- pulse energies and pulse durations in the range 1 to 5 mJ (typically 100 to 500 ⁇ ) or 10 fs to 50 ps, typically 700 fs to 20 ps can be selected as further beam parameters or be set.
- the laser pulses can also be introduced spatially separated from one another into the substrate in one process variant. This is preferably done at intervals of 5 ⁇ - 1 ms.
- the laser pulses with temporal pulse intervals of 1 ps to 100 ns follow one another.
- a gentler or gentler energy input into the substrate material is achieved.
- Energy absorption is more efficient and more energy can be deposited in the substrate material.
- the successive laser pulses form so-called pulse bursts (pulse groups).
- a high energy (main) pulse is split into multiple lower energy pulses but with the same peak power.
- the volume range of at least one substrate surface is formed by up to 15% of the substrate thickness do spaced in the substrate interior. In this way, the modified regions are not generated completely from one substrate surface to the opposite other substrate surface, but the regions immediately adjacent to the substrate surfaces remain untreated.
- the substrate material is preferably selected from the group comprising: transparent ceramics, semiconductors, (thin) layer systems or composite materials of the abovementioned substrate materials and metals. Polymers, transparent conductors, glass, quartz crystals, diamond, and sapphire. Such substrate materials are typically laser-transparent.
- a method variant is preferred in which the substrate is separated along a separation region comprising the modified regions by a mechanical or chemical process.
- a mechanical Trennverfah- ren for example, the separation of the substrate in two or more substrate parts by hand or by means of corresponding gripping machines can be used.
- the substrate can be particularly simple, ie by means of only a small amount of force, separated.
- a single, continuous crack separates the substrate into one or more substrate parts, and the separating surfaces on the respective substrate parts are formed.
- the material separates with skillful choice of parameters without further treatment.
- FIG. 1 shows a substrate in a perspective view into which areas modified according to the invention by means of a laser beam are introduced;
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross section through a laser beam propagating in air, in the interior of which a dumbbell-shaped volume region is formed (left), as well as a schematic cross section through a substrate, in the substrate interior of which a modified region has been produced (right);
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross section through a substrate, in the substrate interior of which in the direction of propagation of the laser beam superimposed modified regions are formed;
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing a relationship between the length of modified regions and the Rayleigh length of a laser beam for different beam energies.
- a method for treating a laser-transparent substrate 1, for example a chemically hardened glass, for subsequent separation of the substrate 1 along a separation region 2 will be described below.
- the substrate interior is irradiated at a first substrate position 3 with beam parameters of a laser beam 4 set in such a way that in the laser beam 4 a volume region 5 tapering in the beam direction 11 or pear-shaped is tapered with a fluence exceeding a threshold value for generating a modification.
- Radiation intensity is formed (see Fig. 2, right). At a fixed pulse duration, the radiation intensity corresponds to the fluence of the laser beam.
- the beam parameters of the laser beam 4 are adjusted in particular such that the ratio of the maximum transverse extent A1 of a substrate surface-side end 6 of the volume region 5 and the maximum longitudinal extension A2 of the volume region 5 is approximately 1/40, and that the volume region 5 of at least one Substrate surface 7 is formed by up to 15% of the substrate thickness do spaced in the substrate interior.
- the fluence of the laser beam 4 is set, for example, to a value of 160 J / cm 2 .
- FIG. 2 shows further surfaces of the same fluence or radiation intensity in the focused laser beam 4 arranged in the interior of the volume region 5.
- the modified region 8 like the volume region 5, extends essentially along the beam axis 9 of the laser beam 4 and has an inlet region 10, Thus, a region in which the laser beam 4 enters the substrate 1, a greater transverse extent B1 than in a thereto in the beam direction 1 1 (in the direction of propagation 1 1 of the laser beam 4) subsequent lower portion 12.
- the modified areas 8 thus also have a club-shaped or pear-shaped, one end (in Fig. 2 above) thickened and the other end (in Fig. 2 below) tapered shape with a maximum longitudinal extent B2.
- the irradiation of the substrate interior is carried out by means of the volume region 5 correspondingly formed in the laser beam 4 at at least one further substrate position 3 ', offset transversely to the beam direction 1 1 of the laser beam 4, in order to form the separation region 2 comprising the modified regions 8.
- the volume region 5 correspondingly formed in the laser beam 4 at at least one further substrate position 3 ', offset transversely to the beam direction 1 1 of the laser beam 4, in order to form the separation region 2 comprising the modified regions 8.
- a multiplicity of modified regions 8 are produced at different substrate positions 3, 3 ' , 3 " in the substrate interior by relatively parallel displacement of the laser beam 4, so that the separation region 2 extending along these modified regions 8 is formed Areas 8 at the respective, further substrate positions 3, 3 ' , 3 " , the laser beam 4, for example, transversely offset by the amount of the minimum laser beam radius w 0 relative to the substrate 1, wherein the irradiation of the substrate 1 by means of the laser beam 4 during the relative displacement is interrupted by a substrate position 3 to a further substrate position 3 ' .
- a ratio of the offset speed of the laser beam 1 between adjacent substrate positions 3, 3 ' and a pulse rate of the laser beam 4 of 8 ⁇ can be achieved.
- the laser beam 4 typically irradiates the substrate 1 in pulsed form, ie the modified regions 8 are produced by means of laser pulses introduced at the substrate positions 3, 3 'in each case.
- individual pulses which are spatially separated from each other at a distance of typically 5 ⁇ - 1 ms act on the substrate can be used.
- pulse bursts it is also possible to use what are known as pulse bursts, for whose generation typically a (main) pulse with high energy is divided into several pulses with lower energy but the same peak power.
- the laser pulses follow each other with temporal pulse intervals of 1 ps to 100 ns.
- the substrate 1 can be separated into two or more substrate parts along the separation region 2 by a mechanical method, for example by manual breaking (depending on the contour of the separation region 2). be separated.
- the substrate 1 may also be separated along the separation area 2 by means of a chemical process.
- Fig. 3 the processed by means of a process variant substrate 1 is shown.
- a plurality of modified regions 8 arranged one above the other in the beam direction 1 1 of the laser beam 4 are generated in the interior of the substrate when the ratio between the substrate thickness d 0 and the minimum beam radius w 0 exceeds the value of approximately 40.
- FIG. 3 only two modified regions 8 are shown one above the other.
- a plurality of such superimposed modified regions 8 can be strung together side by side to form a separation region 2.
- either the focal position of the laser beam 4 in the beam direction 1 1 of the laser beam 4 can be changed, or the superimposed modified regions 8 are each generated by a specially assigned or existing, further laser beam 4, 4 ' .
- FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the length B2 of the modified regions 8 and the beam parameter of the Raylei beam length z r for different beam energies E of the laser beam 4. It is based on the following formula for B2 (or I):
- the length B2 of the modified regions 8 as a function of beam parameters, such as the Rayleigh length z r , the pulse energy E in the laser beam 4 and the wavelength ⁇ and the other constant k n i (correction factor) and ⁇ 5 (Schwellfluenz for generating a modification in the substrate material).
- the Rayleigh length z r suspended by z r ⁇ 2 - on the wavelength ⁇ w and from the minimum beam radius from 0.
- FIG. 4 shows curves for two laser beams 4 with different beam energy E.
- the aforementioned beam parameters z r where, lo, ⁇ , in particular by adjusting the Rayleigh length z r , according to the curves of Fig. 4, the areas in which beam energy E is to be introduced into the substrate 1, in particular the length B2 of the modified areas 8, are influenced.
- the length B2 of the modified regions 8 can only be increased up to a certain maximum length (the highlights of the two curves) given a beam energy E.
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Abstract
Description
Verfahren zum Behandeln eines lasertransparenten Substrats zum anschließenden Trennen des Substrats A method of treating a laser transparent substrate for subsequently separating the substrate
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Behandeln eines lasertransparenten Substrats zum anschließenden Trennen des Substrats entlang eines Trennbereichs. The invention relates to a method for treating a laser-transparent substrate for subsequent separation of the substrate along a separation region.
Ein derartiges Verfahren ist beispielsweise aus der EP 2 258 512 A1 bekannt geworden. Im Stand der Technik wird das Substrat lokal aufgeschmolzen, so dass im Inneren des Substrats ein strukturell geschwächter Bereich entsteht. Das Substrat wird durch mechanisches Einwirken auf den geschwächten Bereich gebrochen und somit getrennt. Such a method has become known, for example, from EP 2 258 512 A1. In the prior art, the substrate is locally melted, so that a structurally weakened area arises in the interior of the substrate. The substrate is broken by mechanical action on the weakened area and thus separated.
Die WO 201 1/025908 A1 offenbart ein Verfahren zum Schneiden von chemisch gehärtetem Glas mit einem Laserstrahl dessen Wellenlänge für das chemisch ge- härtete Glas transparent ist. Der Laserstrahl wird dabei in einem inneren auf Zug belasteten Bereich des chemisch gehärteten Glases fokussiert. WO 201 1/025908 A1 discloses a method for cutting chemically hardened glass with a laser beam whose wavelength is transparent to the chemically hardened glass. The laser beam is thereby focused in an inner region of the chemically cured glass subjected to tensile stress.
Aus der WO 2012/006736 A2 ist ein Verfahren zum Vorbereiten des Substrats auf eine Spaltung bekannt, wobei das Substrat mit einem Laserstrahl derart bestrahlt wird, dass durch Selbstfokussierung des Laserstrahls Filamente entstehen entlang derer das Substrat im Anschluss gespalten werden kann. WO 2012/006736 A2 discloses a method for preparing the substrate for cleavage, wherein the substrate is irradiated with a laser beam in such a way that by self-focusing the laser beam, filaments are formed along which the substrate can subsequently be cleaved.
Die EP 1 494 271 A1 offenbart schließlich ein Verfahren zum Auftrennen eines Substrats mittels eines Laserstrahls. Dieser wird in einem Punkt im Substratinne- ren fokussiert, der als Ausgangspunkt zum Auftrennen des Substrats dient. Finally, EP 1 494 271 A1 discloses a method for separating a substrate by means of a laser beam. This is focused at a point in the substrate, which serves as a starting point for separating the substrate.
Bei den vorbekannten Verfahren zum Trennen von Substraten kann häufig eine geforderte Güte bzw. Qualität der Schnittkanten oder Trennflächen nicht erreicht werden. Insbesondere treten im Bereich der Schnittkanten bzw. Trennflächen so genannte„Voids", d. h. kleine Risse und/oder Hohlräume im Substratmaterial, auf, die eine Schädigungszone im Substrat darstellen und die beispielsweise Ausgangspunkte für unerwünschte weiterführende Risse sein können. Darüber hinaus ergeben sich beim Trennen von Substraten, insbesondere beim Trennen von chemisch vorgespannten Gläsern, mittels materialabtragender Verfahren nachtei- lig lange Bearbeitungszeiten sowie teilweise auch eine nicht zufriedenstellende Güte der Schnittkanten bzw. Trennflächen. So ergeben sich durch diese Verfahren typischerweise Schnittkanten mit einem Taperwinkel von mehr als 4°. Zudem ist ein rein mechanisches Trennen vorgespannter Gläser mit Schichtdicken (engl. „Depth Of Layer" bzw. DOL) von mehr als 40μιη generell nicht möglich. In the previously known methods for separating substrates, a required quality or quality of the cut edges or parting surfaces can often not be achieved. In particular, so-called "voids", ie small cracks and / or cavities in the substrate material, occur in the region of the cut edges or parting surfaces, which represent a damage zone in the substrate and which can be, for example, starting points for undesired further cracks of substrates, in particular when separating chemically toughened glasses, by means of material-removing processes, disadvantageously long processing times and in some cases also an unsatisfactory quality of the cut edges or parting surfaces, resulting in cutting edges with a taper angle of more than 4 ° is a purely mechanical separation of tempered glasses with layer thicknesses (English "Depth Of Layer" or DOL) of more than 40μιη generally not possible.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Behandeln eines lasertransparenten Substrats zum anschließenden Trennen des Substrats anzugeben, das die Nachteile des Standes der Technik überwindet. Insbesondere soll die Güte der Schnittkanten bzw. Trennflächen zertrennter Substratteile verbessert werden. The present invention has for its object to provide a method for treating a laser-transparent substrate for subsequent separation of the substrate, which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, the quality of the cut edges or separating surfaces of severed substrate parts should be improved.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren zum Behandeln eines lasertransparenten Substrats zum anschließenden Trennen des Substrats entlang eines Trennbereichs, mit den folgenden Verfahrensschritten gelöst: This object is achieved by a method of treating a laser-transparent substrate for subsequent separation of the substrate along a separation region, with the following method steps:
a. ) Bestrahlen des Substratinneren an einer Substratposition mit derart eingestellten Strahlparametern eines Laserstrahls, dass im Laserstrahl ein in der Strahlrichtung keulenförmiger bzw. sich birnenförmig verjüngender Volumenbereich gebildet wird, in welchem eine Schwellfluenz (φ5) zum Erzeugen einer Modifikation überschritten ist, um im Substratinneren an der Substratposition einen modifizierten Bereich zu erzeugen, a. ) Irradiating the substrate interior at a substrate position with such set beam parameters of a laser beam that in the beam a beam-shaped in the beam direction or pear-shaped tapering volume area is formed, in which a Schwellfluenz (φ 5 ) is exceeded for generating a modification to in the substrate interior the substrate position to produce a modified area,
b. ) Durchführen des Schritts a.) an mindestens einer weiteren Substratposition zum Ausbilden eines die modifizierten Bereiche umfassenden Trennbereichs. Dabei kann die Modifikation sowohl aus Bindungs- und Dichteänderungen wie auch aus transienten Effekten, wie erhöhten Elektronendichten oder Temperaturen bestehen. b. ) Performing step a.) At at least one further substrate position to form a separation region comprising the modified regions. In this case, the modification can consist of both binding and density changes as well as transient effects, such as increased electron densities or temperatures.
Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ergeben sich unter anderem die folgen- den Vorteile. Die im Substrat erzeugten modifizierten Bereiche bilden gemeinsam einen Trennbereich, entlang dessen das Substrat im Anschluss an den Behandlungsschritt auf einfache Weise in einen oder mehrere Substratteile getrennt werden kann. Dadurch, dass die Strahlparameter erfindungsgemäß derart eingestellt werden, dass im Laserstrahl der sich in der Strahlrichtung keulenförmige bzw. bir- nenförmig verjüngende Volumenbereich gebildet wird, in welchem eine Among other things, the following advantages result from the method according to the invention. The modified regions produced in the substrate together form a separation region, along which the substrate can be easily separated into one or more substrate parts following the treatment step. By virtue of the fact that the beam parameters are set in accordance with the invention in such a way that the volume region formed in the beam direction in the beam direction or in a cone-shaped manner is formed in the laser beam, in which case a
Schwellfluenz zum Erzeugen einer Modifikation überschritten ist, entstehen im Substrat bzw. im Trennbereich keine Voids (Risse oder Hohlräume), sondern ein gleichmäßig und einheitlich modifizierter Trennbereich, der nach dem Trennvorgang glatte und saubere Trennflächen hoher Oberflächengüte an den Substrattei- len hervorbringt. Durch den erfindungsgemäß keulenförmigen bzw. birnenförmig verjüngten Volumenbereich im Laserstrahl werden modifizierte Bereiche im Substrat erzeugt, in denen die zum späteren Trennen erforderlichen Kräfte kumuliert werden können. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist dabei zum Erzeugen des Trennbereichs grundsätzlich keine Fokuslagenverschiebung in der Ausbrei- tungsrichtung des Laserstrahls erforderlich. Zum anderen kann durch den Laserstrahl in dem keulenförmigen bzw. birnenförmig verjüngten Volumenbereich eine vergleichsweise hohe Energiemenge in das Substrat eingebracht werden, sodass ein verlangsamtes Abkühlen möglich ist und damit einhergehend geringere Tem- peraturgradienten im Substrat auftreten. Auch können auf diese Weise transiente Effekte zum Trennen genutzt werden. Dabei sind zwei Grenzfälle möglich: In einem der beiden Grenzfälle kann eine permanente Modifikation erzielt werden, im anderen eine temporäre. Im zweiten Fall wird dies durch einen höheren Wärmeeintrag, beispielsweise durch einen größeren Überlapp der temporär modifizierten Bereiche, erreicht. In diesem Fall ist das Volumen des temporär modifizierten Bereichs größer, dieser kühlt langsamer ab, so dass die Modifikationen ausheilen können. Erfindungsgemäß wird das Innere des Substrats durch die modifizierten Bereiche so vorbehandelt, dass es anschließend einfach, d.h. durch beispielsweise einen geringen manuellen Kraftaufwand, getrennt werden kann. Lediglich beim Trennen stellt sich ein (einziger) durchgängiger, das Substrat in einen oder mehrere Substratteile trennender Riss ein. Erfindungsgemäß können sowohl vorgespannte als auch nicht vorgespannte Substrate bzw. Gläser mit 0° Taperwinkel und vergleichsweise hoher Bearbeitungsgeschwindigkeit getrennt werden. Das Verfahren ermöglicht es darüber hinaus, transparente Substratmaterialien (bei- spielsweise chemisch vorgespannte, aber auch nicht vorgespannte Substrate) mit Materialdicken im Bereich von 50 μιη bis 5 mm, insbesondere von 0,3 mm bis 1 ,1 mm zu trennen. Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren lassen sich grundsätzlich beliebige Schnittkonturen bzw. Schnittgeometrien realisieren. Die Längserstreckung des keulenförmigen bzw. birnenförmig verjüngten Volumenbereichs ist typischerweise wesentlich größer als dessen Quererstreckung, wobei die Längsausdehnungsrichtung des keulenförmigen bzw. birnenförmigen Volumenbereichs (gewissermaßen die Keule- bzw. Birnenlängsrichtung) und die Strahlrichtung des Laserstrahls (bzw. die Laserstrahlachsrichtung) in der Regel zusammenfallen oder parallel zueinander ausgerichtet sind. Das zu behandelnde bzw. zu trennende Substrat ist typischerweise plattenförmig, d.h. eben, ausgebildet, wobei die Strahlrichtung des Laserstrahls in der Regel orthogonal zur Substratoberfläche des plattenförmigen Substrats einstrahlt bzw. ausgerichtet ist. Der keulenförmige bzw. birnenförmig verjüngte Volumenbereich stellt ein durch eine Isophote, d.h. durch eine geschlossene Fläche gleicher Fluenz bzw. Strahlungsintensität, abgegrenztes Volumen dar. Der keulenförmige bzw. birnenförmige Volumenbereich umgibt typischerweise den Fokus des Laserstrahls. Durch das Bestrahlen des Substrats mit den erfindungsgemäß eingestelltenSchwellfluenz is exceeded to produce a modification, arise in the substrate or in the separation area no voids (cracks or cavities), but a uniform and uniformly modified separation area, which produces smooth and clean separation surfaces of high surface quality at the Substratattei- len after the separation process. Modified regions in the substrate, in which the forces required for later separation can be cumulated, are produced in the laser beam by virtue of the volume-shaped region of the laser beam tapering in the manner of a club or pear shape. In the method according to the invention, there is basically no shift of the focal position in the spread for generating the separation region. direction of the laser beam required. On the other hand, a comparatively large amount of energy can be introduced into the substrate by the laser beam in the club-shaped or pear-shaped, tapered volume region, so that slower cooling is possible and, consequently, lower temperature gradients occur in the substrate. Also, transient effects can be used to separate in this way. Two borderline cases are possible: In one of the two borderline cases a permanent modification can be achieved, in the other a temporary modification. In the second case, this is achieved by a higher heat input, for example by a larger overlap of the temporarily modified areas. In this case, the volume of the temporarily modified area is larger, this cools down more slowly, so that the modifications can heal. According to the invention, the interior of the substrate is pretreated by the modified regions in such a way that it can subsequently be separated easily, ie by, for example, a small amount of manual effort. Only when separating a (single) continuous, the substrate is in one or more substrate parts separating crack. According to the invention, both preloaded and non-prestressed substrates or glasses with a 0 ° taper angle and a comparatively high processing speed can be separated. The method also makes it possible to separate transparent substrate materials (for example, chemically tempered, but also non-prestressed substrates) with material thicknesses in the range from 50 μm to 5 mm, in particular from 0.3 mm to 1, 1 mm. In principle, any desired cutting contours or cutting geometries can be realized by the method according to the invention. The longitudinal extent of the club-shaped or pear-shaped, tapered volume region is typically substantially greater than its transverse extent, the longitudinal extension direction of the club-shaped or pear-shaped volume region (to some extent the club or bulb longitudinal direction) and the beam direction of the laser beam (or the laser beam axis direction) generally coinciding or aligned parallel to each other. The substrate to be treated or separated is typically plate-shaped, ie flat, formed, wherein the beam direction of the laser beam is usually irradiated or aligned orthogonal to the substrate surface of the plate-shaped substrate. The club-shaped or pear-shaped tapered volume range adjusts by a Isophote, ie by a closed area of the same fluence or radiation intensity, delimited volume. The club-shaped or pear-shaped volume area typically surrounds the focus of the laser beam. By irradiating the substrate with the inventively set
Strahlparametern bzw. durch das Einwirken des im Wesentlichen keulenförmigen bzw. birnenförmig verjüngten Volumenbereichs des Laserstrahls auf das Substratmaterial, entstehen im Substrat durch Absorption von Energie modifizierte Bereiche, die eine dem Volumenbereich im Wesentlichen entsprechende Form (ebenfalls eine in der Strahlrichtung verjüngte Keulen- oder Birnenform) aufweisen. Die modifizierten Bereiche erstrecken sich demnach jeweils im Wesentlichen längs der Strahlachse des Laserstrahls und weisen in einem Eintrittsbereich (Bereich, in welchem der Laserstrahl in das Substrat eintritt), eine größere Quererstreckung auf als in einem sich daran in Ausbreitungsrichtung des Laserstrahls anschließenden unteren Teilbereich. Der Grund für die einenends keulen- oder birnenförmig verbreiterte Form der modifizierten Bereiche ist, dass während deren Bildung in dem Eintrittsbereich bereits Energie des Laserstrahls absorbiert wird, sodass in dem in Ausbreitungsrichtung des Laserstrahls folgenden unteren Teilbereich des modifizierten Bereichs weniger Energie zur Verfügung steht und diese aufgrund des Schwellverhaltens in einem kleineren Bereich deponiert wird. Der Schwellenwert zur Erzeugung einer Modifikation ist grundsätzlich vom behandelten Substratmaterial abhängig. Ein typischer Wert für die Schwellfluenz zur Erzeugung einer Modifikation beträgt ca. 10 J/cm2. Die Quererstreckung bzw. Breite der modifizierten Bereiche (Breite in Vorschubrichtung) beträgt typischerweise zwi- sehen 8 μιη und 10 μιη und deren Längserstreckung bzw. Länge beträgt in der Regel ca. einige 100 μιη. Beam parameters or by the action of the substantially club-shaped or pear-shaped tapered volume region of the laser beam on the substrate material, formed in the substrate by absorption of energy modified areas that a substantially the volume range corresponding shape (also a tapered in the beam direction club or pear shape ) exhibit. Accordingly, the modified regions each extend essentially along the beam axis of the laser beam and have a larger transverse extent in an inlet region (region in which the laser beam enters the substrate) than in a lower partial region adjacent thereto in the propagation direction of the laser beam. The reason for the shape of the modified regions which is widened in a club or pear shape is that energy of the laser beam is already absorbed during their formation in the entry region, so that less energy is available in the lower region of the modified region following in the direction of propagation of the laser beam due to the swelling behavior is deposited in a smaller area. The threshold for producing a modification is fundamentally dependent on the treated substrate material. A typical value for the threshold fluence for producing a modification is about 10 J / cm 2 . The transverse extent or width of the modified regions (width in the feed direction) is typically between 8 μιη and 10 μιη and their longitudinal extent or length is usually about a few 100 μιη.
Als Strahlung zum Erzeugen des keulenförmigen bzw. birnenförmig verjüngten Volumenbereichs kann grundsätzlich IR-, VIS- und UV-Strahlung der Wellenlänge 1064 nm, 1030 nm, 800 nm, 515 nm bzw. 343 nm eingesetzt werden. Es versteht sich, dass auch Strahlung mit Wellenlängen, welche zwischen diesen Werten liegt, eingesetzt werden kann. Dabei können Optiken mit Brennweiten von f = 3 mm und f = 100 mm, insbesondere von f = 10 mm bis 56 mm, verwendet werden. Für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren werden typischerweise Strahlintensitäten von 1010 W/cm2 bis 1017 W/cm2, insbesondere von 1013 bis 1014 W/cm2, im Fokus eingesetzt. IR, VIS and UV radiation of the wavelengths 1064 nm, 1030 nm, 800 nm, 515 nm and 343 nm can be used as radiation for generating the club-shaped or pear-shaped tapered volume range. It is understood that radiation with wavelengths lying between these values can also be used. Optics with focal lengths of f = 3 mm and f = 100 mm, in particular from f = 10 mm to 56 mm, can be used. For the inventive method are typically beam intensities of 10 10th W / cm 2 to 10 17 W / cm 2 , in particular from 10 13 to 10 14 W / cm 2 , used in focus.
Bei einer bevorzugten Verfahrensvariante werden die Strahlparameter derart ein- gestellt, dass ein Verhältnis aus der maximalen Quererstreckung substratoberflä- chenseitiger Enden des Volumenbereichs und der maximalen Längserstreckung des Volumenbereichs zwischen 1/2 und 1/150, insbesondere zwischen 1/10 und 1/70, beträgt. Auf diese Weise ergeben sich nach dem Trennen des Substrats entlang des Trennbereichs qualitativ besonders hochwertige Trennflächen an den voneinander getrennten Substratteilen. Es können insbesondere Trennflächen mit einer spiegelglatten Oberfläche erreicht werden. Unter einem substratoberflächen- seitigen Ende wird, insbesondere eine Endzone des keulenförmigen bzw. birnenförmigen Volumenbereichs verstanden. Bevorzugt ist auch eine Variante des Verfahrens, bei der die Strahlparameter derart eingestellt werden, dass die erzeugten modifizierten Bereiche eine Breite von mehr als 3μιη aufweisen. Auf diese Weise wird erreicht, dass das Volumen der modifizierten Bereiche vergleichsweise groß ist. Es ist nun möglich, die zum Trennen erforderlichen Kräfte zu kumulieren. Weiter kann durch das vergleichsweise große Volumen die gespeicherte Energie für transiente Effekte nutzbar gemacht werden. In a preferred variant of the method, the beam parameters are adjusted such that a ratio of the maximum transverse extent of substrate surface ends of the volume range and the maximum longitudinal extent of the volume range between 1/2 and 1/150, in particular between 1/10 and 1/70, is. In this way, after separation of the substrate along the separation region, qualitatively particularly high-quality separation surfaces on the mutually separated substrate parts result. It can be achieved in particular parting surfaces with a mirror-smooth surface. A substrate-surface-side end is understood to mean, in particular, an end zone of the club-shaped or pear-shaped volume region. Also preferred is a variant of the method in which the beam parameters are adjusted such that the modified regions produced have a width of more than 3 μm. In this way it is achieved that the volume of the modified regions is comparatively large. It is now possible to cumulate the forces required for separation. Furthermore, the stored energy can be utilized for transient effects due to the comparatively large volume.
Bei einer weiteren bevorzugten Verfahrensvariante werden die Rayleighlänge zr, die Pulsenergie E im Laserstrahl, die Pulsdauer τ und die Wellenlänge λ des La- serstrahls als Strahlparameter derart eingestellt, dass nach: In a further preferred variant of the method, the Rayleigh length z r , the pulse energy E in the laser beam, the pulse duration τ and the wavelength λ of the laser beam are set as beam parameters in such a way that
2E 2E
Z(zr)— kniZ. r mit: kni als Korrekturfaktor; φ5 als Schwellfluenz zum Erzeugen einer Modifikation im Substratmaterial, die erzeugten modifizierten Bereiche jeweils eine Länge l(zr) aufweisen, die einer Breite von mehr als 3μιη entspricht. Dabei hängt die Z (z r ) - k n iZ. r with: k n i as a correction factor; φ 5 as Schwellfluenz for generating a modification in the substrate material, the modified regions produced each have a length l (z r ), which corresponds to a width of more than 3μιη. The hangs
Rayleighlänge zr durch zr = ^2- von der Wellenlänge λ und vom minimalen Strahl- radius w0 ab. In analoger Weise kann somit vorteilhaft ein vergleichsweise großes Volumen der modifizierten Bereiche erreicht werden. Entsprechend können die zum Trennen erforderlichen Kräfte kumuliert und die gespeicherte Energie für transiente Effekte nutzbar gemacht werden. Rayleigh length z r through z r = ^ 2 - of the wavelength λ and of the minimum beam radius w 0 . In an analogous manner, a comparatively large volume of the modified regions can thus advantageously be achieved. Accordingly, the Cumulative forces required for separation and the stored energy for transient effects can be harnessed.
Bei einer weiteren bevorzugten Variante wird zum Bestrahlen des Substratinneren an den weiteren Substratpositionen der Laserstrahl jeweils um das 0,01 -fache bis 5-fache, insbesondere das 0,3-fache bis 2-fache, des minimalen Laserstrahlradius wo relativ zum Substrat, insbesondere parallel, versetzt. Auf diese Weise können im Grenzfall permanenter Modifikationen mehrere, insbesondere schlauchartig ausgebildete, modifizierte Bereiche aneinandergereiht werden, ohne dass sich die einzelnen modifizierten Bereiche bei ihrer Erzeugung gegenseitig nachteilig beeinflussen. Es können durch die Wahl eines entsprechenden Parallelversatzes Überschneidungen benachbart angeordneter modifizierter Bereiche verhindert werden. Der Abstand zwischen benachbarten modifizierten Bereichen kann bei einem Fokusdurchmesser von 7 μιη beispielsweise 8 μιη bis 20 μιη betragen. In a further preferred variant, for irradiating the substrate interior at the other substrate positions, the laser beam is in each case 0.01 times to 5 times, in particular 0.3 times to 2 times, the minimum laser beam radius where relative to the substrate, in particular parallel, offset. In this way, in the limiting case of permanent modifications, a plurality of, in particular hose-like, modified regions can be lined up without the individual modified regions having an adverse effect on one another during their production. It can be prevented by the choice of a corresponding parallel offset overlaps adjacent arranged modified areas. The distance between adjacent modified regions can be for example 8 μιη to 20 μιη with a focus diameter of 7 μιη.
Bevorzugt wird das Bestrahlen des Substrats während des Relativversetzens von einer Substratposition zu einer weiteren Substratposition unterbrochen. Alternativ kann der Laserstrahl während des Relativversetzens zwischen benachbarten Substratpositionen kontinuierlich oder zumindest mit einer verringerten Intensität betrieben werden. Preferably, the irradiation of the substrate is interrupted during the relative displacement from a substrate position to a further substrate position. Alternatively, the laser beam may be operated continuously or at least at a reduced intensity during relative displacement between adjacent substrate positions.
Besonders bevorzugt liegt das Verhältnis aus einer Geschwindigkeit zum Versetzen des Laserstrahls zwischen benachbarten Substratpositionen (Versatz- Geschwindigkeit) und einer Pulsrate des Laserstrahls zwischen 0,1 μιη und 50 μιη, insbesondere zwischen 1 μιη und 20 μιη. Auf diese Weise können nicht nur gleichmäßige und klare Trennflächen erzeugt werden, ohne dabei Voids oder andere Schädigungszonen zu verursachen, sondern darüber hinaus können auch negative, auf Wärmeakkumulation basierende, thermische Effekte vermieden werden. Particularly preferred is the ratio of a speed for moving the laser beam between adjacent substrate positions (offset speed) and a pulse rate of the laser beam between 0.1 μιη and 50 μιη, in particular between 1 μιη and 20 μιη. In this way, not only uniform and clear interfaces can be created without causing voids or other damage zones, but also negative, heat accumulation based, thermal effects can be avoided.
Bei einer weiteren bevorzugten Verfahrensvariante werden mehrere, in der Strahlrichtung übereinander angeordnete, modifizierte Bereiche im Substratinneren erzeugt, wenn das Verhältnis aus der Substratdicke do und dem minimalen Strahlradius wo im Bereich zwischen ca. 30 und ca. 800, insbesondere zwischen ca. 30 und ca. 100, liegt. Auf diese Weise können auch Substrate nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren getrennt werden, deren Dicken wesentlich größer als die Länge eines einzelnen modifizierten Bereichs sind. Zum Anordnen der modifizierten Bereiche übereinander kann die Fokuslage des Laserstrahls entsprechend in der Strahlrichtung, d.h. in der Ausbreitungsrichtung des Laserstrahls, verändert werden. In a further preferred variant of the method, a plurality of modified regions arranged one above the other in the beam direction are produced in the substrate interior, if the ratio of the substrate thickness do and the minimum beam radius is in the range between approximately 30 and approximately 800, in particular between approximately 30 and about 100, lies. In this way, it is also possible to separate substrates by the process according to the invention whose thicknesses are substantially greater than the length of a single modified region. For arranging the modified regions one above the other, the focal position of the laser beam can be changed correspondingly in the beam direction, ie in the propagation direction of the laser beam.
Bei einer Verfahrensweiterbildung der vorhergehenden Verfahrensvariante werden übereinander angeordnete modifizierte Bereiche mittels jeweils eines weiteren Laserstrahls erzeugt. Durch ein derartiges zeitgleiches bzw. paralleles Behandeln des Substrats kann der erfindungsgemäße Verfahrensablauf beim Trennen vergleichsweise dicker Substrate beschleunigt werden. Hierzu kann beispielsweise eine Doppelfokusoptik verwendet werden. Der die Trennung der Substratteile bewirkende Riss kann sich somit gleichzeitig entlang der übereinander angeordneten modifizierten Bereiche erstrecken, wobei insbesondere transiente Effekte genutzt werden können. In a process development of the preceding variant of the method, modified regions arranged one above another are generated by means of a respective further laser beam. By such a simultaneous or parallel treatment of the substrate of the inventive method sequence when separating comparatively thick substrates can be accelerated. For this purpose, for example, a double focus optics can be used. The crack causing the separation of the substrate parts can thus extend simultaneously along the modified regions arranged one above the other, whereby in particular transient effects can be utilized.
Bevorzugt ist ferner eine Variante des Verfahrens, bei der die modifizierten Bereiche mittels an den Substratpositionen jeweils eingebrachter Laserpulse erzeugt werden. Durch ein anfänglich vergleichsweise schwaches Einwirken bzw. Einstrahlen auf das Substrat (durch einen ersten vergleichsweise schwachen Puls) können weitere (vergleichsweise schwächere) Pulse an der gleichen Stelle besser absorbiert werden. Auf diese Weise werden die Entstehung von Voids und eine daraus folgende unerwünschte Rissausbreitung weiter vermieden, wobei insge- samt mehr Energie deponiert werden kann. Um den keulenförmigen bzw. birnenförmig verjüngten Volumenbereich im Laserstrahl zu erzeugen, können Pulsenergien und Pulsdauern im Bereich 1 bis 5 mJ (typischerweise 100 bis 500 μύ) bzw. 10 fs bis 50 ps, typischerweise 700 fs bis 20 ps als weitere Strahlparameter gewählt bzw. eingestellt werden. Die Laserpulse können in einer Verfahrensvari- ante auch räumlich getrennt voneinander in das Substrat eingebracht werden. Dies erfolgt bevorzugt im Abstand von 5 με - 1 ms. Furthermore, a variant of the method is preferred in which the modified regions are produced by means of laser pulses introduced at the substrate positions. By initially a comparatively weak effect or irradiation on the substrate (by a first comparatively weak pulse), further (comparatively weaker) pulses can be better absorbed at the same point. In this way, the formation of voids and a consequent undesirable crack propagation are further avoided, whereby more energy can be deposited overall. To generate the club-shaped or pear-shaped tapered volume range in the laser beam, pulse energies and pulse durations in the range 1 to 5 mJ (typically 100 to 500 μύ) or 10 fs to 50 ps, typically 700 fs to 20 ps can be selected as further beam parameters or be set. The laser pulses can also be introduced spatially separated from one another into the substrate in one process variant. This is preferably done at intervals of 5 με - 1 ms.
Bevorzugt ist auch eine Verfahrensweiterbildung der vorhergehenden Verfahrensvariante, bei der die Laserpulse mit zeitlichen Pulsabständen von 1 ps bis 100 ns aufeinander folgen. Auf diese Weise wird ein sanfterer bzw. schonenderer Energieeintrag in das Substratmaterial erreicht. Die Energieabsorption erfolgt effizienter, und es kann mehr Energie im Substratmaterial deponiert werden. Die aufeinander folgenden Laserpulse bilden so genannte Pulsbursts (Pulsgruppen). Zur Erzeugung eines Pulsbursts wird typischerweise ein (Haupt-)Puls mit hoher Energie in mehrere Pulse mit geringerer Energie jedoch gleicher Spitzenleistung geteilt. Also preferred is a process development of the preceding method variant, in which the laser pulses with temporal pulse intervals of 1 ps to 100 ns follow one another. In this way, a gentler or gentler energy input into the substrate material is achieved. Energy absorption is more efficient and more energy can be deposited in the substrate material. The successive laser pulses form so-called pulse bursts (pulse groups). Typically, to generate a pulse burst, a high energy (main) pulse is split into multiple lower energy pulses but with the same peak power.
Bei einer bevorzugten Verfahrensvariante wird der Volumenbereich von mindes- tens einer Substratoberfläche um bis zu 15% der Substratdicke do beabstandet im Substratinneren gebildet. Auf diese Weise werden die modifizierten Bereiche nicht vollständig von einer Substratoberfläche bis zur gegenüberliegenden anderen Substratoberfläche erzeugt, sondern die unmittelbar an die Substratoberflächen angrenzenden Bereiche bleiben unbehandelt. In a preferred variant of the method, the volume range of at least one substrate surface is formed by up to 15% of the substrate thickness do spaced in the substrate interior. In this way, the modified regions are not generated completely from one substrate surface to the opposite other substrate surface, but the regions immediately adjacent to the substrate surfaces remain untreated.
Bevorzugt ist das Substratmaterial ausgewählt aus der Gruppe umfassend: transparente Keramiken, Halbleiter, (Dünn-)Schichtsysteme bzw. Verbundwerkstoffe aus den zuvor genannten Substratmaterialien sowie Metalle. Polymere, transparente Leiter, Glas, Quarzkristalle, Diamant, und Saphir. Derartige Substratmateria- lien sind typischerweise lasertransparent. The substrate material is preferably selected from the group comprising: transparent ceramics, semiconductors, (thin) layer systems or composite materials of the abovementioned substrate materials and metals. Polymers, transparent conductors, glass, quartz crystals, diamond, and sapphire. Such substrate materials are typically laser-transparent.
Schließlich ist eine Verfahrensvariante bevorzugt, bei der das Substrat entlang eines die modifizierten Bereiche umfassenden Trennbereichs durch ein mechanisches oder chemisches Verfahren getrennt wird. Als mechanisches Trennverfah- ren kann beispielsweise das Trennen des Substrats in zwei oder mehrere Substratteile von Hand oder mittels entsprechender Greifmaschinen eingesetzt werden. Durch das (Vor-)Behandeln des Substratinneren kann das Substrat besonders einfach, d.h. mittels eines lediglich geringen Kraftaufwands, getrennt werden. Beim Trennen stellt sich ein einziger durchgängiger, das Substrat in einen oder mehrere Substratteile trennender Riss ein und es entstehen die Trennflächen an den jeweiligen Substratteilen. Bei Nutzung transienter Effekte trennt sich das Material bei geschickter Wahl der Parameter ohne weitere Nachbehandlung. Weitere Vorteile und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Gegenstands der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung, den Ansprüchen und der Zeichnung. Ebenso können die vorstehend genannten und die noch weiter aufgeführten Merkmale je für sich oder zu mehreren in beliebigen Kombinationen Verwendung finden. Die gezeigte und beschriebene Ausführungsform ist nicht als abschließende Aufzählung zu verstehen, sondern hat vielmehr beispielhaften Charakter für die Schilderung der Erfindung. Die Figuren der Zeichnung zeigen den erfindungsgemäßen Gegenstand stark schematisiert und sind nicht maßstäblich zu verstehen. Es zeigen: Finally, a method variant is preferred in which the substrate is separated along a separation region comprising the modified regions by a mechanical or chemical process. As a mechanical Trennverfah- ren, for example, the separation of the substrate in two or more substrate parts by hand or by means of corresponding gripping machines can be used. By (pre-) treating the substrate interior, the substrate can be particularly simple, ie by means of only a small amount of force, separated. During separation, a single, continuous crack separates the substrate into one or more substrate parts, and the separating surfaces on the respective substrate parts are formed. When using transient effects, the material separates with skillful choice of parameters without further treatment. Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the subject invention will become apparent from the description, the claims and the drawings. Likewise, the features mentioned above and the features listed further can be used individually or in combination in any combination. The embodiment shown and described is not to be understood as an exhaustive list, but rather has exemplary character for the description of the invention. The figures of the drawing show the subject matter according to the invention in a highly schematized manner and are not to be understood to scale. Show it:
Fig. 1 ein Substrat in einer perspektivischen Ansicht, in das erfindungsgemäß mittels eines Laserstrahls modifizierte Bereiche eingebracht werden; 1 shows a substrate in a perspective view into which areas modified according to the invention by means of a laser beam are introduced;
Fig. 2 einen schematischen Querschnitt durch einen sich in Luft ausbreitenden Laserstrahl, in dessen Inneren ein hanteiförmiger Volumenbereich gebildet ist (links), sowie einen schematischen Querschnitt durch ein Substrat, in dessen Substratinneren ein modifizierter Bereich erzeugt wurde (rechts); 2 shows a schematic cross section through a laser beam propagating in air, in the interior of which a dumbbell-shaped volume region is formed (left), as well as a schematic cross section through a substrate, in the substrate interior of which a modified region has been produced (right);
Fig. 3 einen schematischen Querschnitt durch ein Substrat, in dessen Substratinneren in der Ausbreitungsrichtung des Laserstrahls übereinander angeordnete modifizierte Bereiche gebildet sind; und 3 shows a schematic cross section through a substrate, in the substrate interior of which in the direction of propagation of the laser beam superimposed modified regions are formed; and
Fig. 4 eine Grafik, die einen Zusammenhang zwischen der Länge modifizierter Bereiche und der Rayleighlänge eines Laserstrahls für unter- schiedliche Strahlenergien darstellt. 4 is a graph showing a relationship between the length of modified regions and the Rayleigh length of a laser beam for different beam energies.
In der folgenden Beschreibung der Zeichnung werden für gleiche bzw. funktionsgleiche Bauteile identische Bezugszeichen verwendet. Mit Bezug zu den Fign.1 und 2 wird im Folgenden ein Verfahren zum Behandeln eines lasertransparenten Substrats 1 , beispielsweise eines chemisch gehärteten Glases, zum anschließenden Trennen des Substrats 1 entlang eines Trennbereichs 2 beschrieben. Gemäß einem ersten Verfahrensschritt wird das Substratinnere an einer ersten Substratposition 3 mit derart eingestellten Strahlparametern eines Laserstrahls 4 bestrahlt, dass im Laserstrahl 4 ein sich in der Strahlrichtung 11 keulenförmiger bzw. birnenförmig verjüngender Volumenbereich 5 mit einer einen Schwellwert zum Erzeugen einer Modifikation übersteigenden Fluenz bzw. Strahlungsintensität gebildet wird (vgl. Fig. 2, rechts). Dabei entspricht bei festgelegter Pulsdauer die Strahlungsintensität der Fluenz des Laserstrahls. Die Strahlparameter des Laserstrahls 4 werden insbesondere derart eingestellt, dass das Verhältnis aus der maximalen Quererstreckung A1 eines substratoberflächenseitigen Endes 6 des Vo- lumenbereichs 5 und der maximalen Längserstreckung A2 des Volumenbereichs 5 ca. 1/40 beträgt, und dass der Volumenbereich 5 von zumindest einer Substratoberfläche 7 um bis zu 15 % der Substratdicke do beabstandet im Substratinneren gebildet wird. Die Fluenz des Laserstrahls 4 wird dabei z.B. auf einen Wert von 160 J/cm2 eingestellt. In the following description of the drawing, identical reference numerals are used for identical or functionally identical components. With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, a method for treating a laser-transparent substrate 1, for example a chemically hardened glass, for subsequent separation of the substrate 1 along a separation region 2 will be described below. According to a first method step, the substrate interior is irradiated at a first substrate position 3 with beam parameters of a laser beam 4 set in such a way that in the laser beam 4 a volume region 5 tapering in the beam direction 11 or pear-shaped is tapered with a fluence exceeding a threshold value for generating a modification. Radiation intensity is formed (see Fig. 2, right). At a fixed pulse duration, the radiation intensity corresponds to the fluence of the laser beam. The beam parameters of the laser beam 4 are adjusted in particular such that the ratio of the maximum transverse extent A1 of a substrate surface-side end 6 of the volume region 5 and the maximum longitudinal extension A2 of the volume region 5 is approximately 1/40, and that the volume region 5 of at least one Substrate surface 7 is formed by up to 15% of the substrate thickness do spaced in the substrate interior. The fluence of the laser beam 4 is set, for example, to a value of 160 J / cm 2 .
Der in Fig. 2 links dargestellte Zustand gilt für einen sich in Luft ausbreitenden Laserstrahl 4. Dabei entsteht ein hanteiförmiger Volumenbereich 5', also ein Bereich, der durch eine geschlossene Fläche gleicher Strahlungsintensität (eine so genannte Isophote) begrenzt wird. Der hanteiförmige Volumenbereich 5' weist eben- falls an seinen substratoberflächenseitigen Enden 6 eine maximale Quererstreckung A1 und eine maximale Längserstreckung A2 auf. In Fig. 2 (links) sind weitere, im Inneren des Volumenbereichs 5 angeordnete Flächen jeweils gleicher Fluenz bzw. Strahlungsintensität im fokussierten Laserstrahl 4 dargestellt. Dadurch, dass im Laserstrahl 4 bzw. im Substratinneren der keulenförmige bzw. birnenförmig verjüngte Volumenbereich 5 mit der den Schwellwert zum Erzeugen einer Modifikation übersteigenden Fluenz bzw. Strahlungsintensität gebildet wird, kann Strahlungsenergie in einem durch die Strahlkaustik des Laserstrahls 4 begrenzten Bereich in das Substratinnere eingebracht bzw. deponiert werden. Dies hat wiederum zur Folge, dass im Substratinneren durch Absorption an der jeweiligen Substratposition 3 ein der Form des Volumenbereichs im Wesentlichen entsprechender modifizierter Bereich 8 erzeugt wird (vgl. ebenfalls Fig. 2, rechts). Der modifizierte Bereich 8 erstreckt sich, wie der Volumenbereich 5, im Wesentlichen längs der Strahlachse 9 des Laserstrahls 4 und weist in einem Eintrittsbereich 10, also einem Bereich, in dem der Laserstrahl 4 in das Substrat 1 eintritt, eine größere Quererstreckung B1 auf als in einem sich daran in Strahlrichtung 1 1 (in Ausbreitungsrichtung 1 1 des Laserstrahls 4) anschließenden unteren Teilbereich 12. Die modifizierten Bereiche 8 weisen somit ebenfalls eine keulenförmige bzw. bir- nenförmige, einenends (in Fig. 2 oben) verdickte und anderenends (in Fig. 2 unten) verjüngte Form mit einer maximalen Längserstreckung B2 auf. The state shown on the left in FIG. 2 applies to a laser beam 4 propagating in air. This results in a dumbbell-shaped volume region 5 ' , that is to say a region bounded by a closed surface of the same radiation intensity (a so-called isophote). The wall-shaped volume region 5 ' likewise has at its substrate-surface-side ends 6 a maximum transverse extent A1 and a maximum longitudinal extent A2. FIG. 2 (left) shows further surfaces of the same fluence or radiation intensity in the focused laser beam 4 arranged in the interior of the volume region 5. The fact that in the laser beam 4 or in the substrate interior of the club-shaped or pear-shaped tapered volume region 5 is formed with the threshold for generating a modification exceeding fluence or radiation intensity, radiant energy can be introduced in a limited by the Strahlkaustik of the laser beam 4 area in the substrate interior or be deposited. This in turn has the consequence that a modified region 8 substantially corresponding to the shape of the volume region is produced in the substrate interior by absorption at the respective substrate position 3 (cf. also FIG. 2, right). The modified region 8, like the volume region 5, extends essentially along the beam axis 9 of the laser beam 4 and has an inlet region 10, Thus, a region in which the laser beam 4 enters the substrate 1, a greater transverse extent B1 than in a thereto in the beam direction 1 1 (in the direction of propagation 1 1 of the laser beam 4) subsequent lower portion 12. The modified areas 8 thus also have a club-shaped or pear-shaped, one end (in Fig. 2 above) thickened and the other end (in Fig. 2 below) tapered shape with a maximum longitudinal extent B2.
Gemäß eines weiteren Verfahrensschrittes wird das Bestrahlen des Substratinneren mittels des im Laserstrahl 4 entsprechend gebildeten Volumenbereichs 5 an mindestens einer weiteren, insbesondere zur Strahlrichtung 1 1 des Laserstrahls 4 querversetzten, Substratposition 3' durchgeführt, um den die modifizierten Bereiche 8 umfassenden Trennbereich 2 auszubilden. Beispielsweise werden gemäß Fig. 1 eine Vielzahl modifizierter Bereiche 8 an unterschiedlichen Substratpositionen 3, 3', 3" im Substratinneren durch relatives Parallelversetzen des Laser- Strahls 4 erzeugt, sodass der sich entlang dieser modifizierten Bereiche 8 erstreckende Trennbereich 2 entsteht. Zum Erzeugen der modifizierten Bereiche 8 an den jeweiligen, weiteren Substratpositionen 3, 3', 3" wird der Laserstrahl 4 beispielsweise jeweils um den Betrag des minimalen Laserstrahlradius w0 relativ zum Substrat 1 querversetzt, wobei das Bestrahlen des Substrats 1 mittels des Laser- Strahls 4 während des Relativversetzens von einer Substratposition 3 zu einer weiteren Substratposition 3'unterbrochen wird. Bei einem Verhältnis aus der Versatz- Geschwindigkeit des Laserstrahls 1 zwischen benachbarten Substratpositionen 3, 3' und einer Pulsrate des Laserstrahls 4 von 8 μιη, kann eine hohe und sichere Bearbeitungsgeschwindigkeit erreicht werden. Der Laserstrahl 4 bestrahlt das Substrat 1 typischerweise in gepulster Form, d.h. die modifizierten Bereiche 8 werden mittels an den Substratpositionen 3, 3' jeweils eingebrachter Laserpulse erzeugt. Dabei können Einzelpulse, welche räumlich getrennt voneinander im Abstand von typischerweise 5 με - 1 ms auf das Substrat einwirken, verwendet werden. Alternativ können auch so genannte Pulsbursts, zu deren Erzeugung typi- scherweise ein (Haupt-)Puls mit hoher Energie in mehrere Pulse mit geringerer Energie jedoch gleicher Spitzenleistung geteilt wird, eingesetzt werden. Die Laserpulse folgen mit zeitlichen Pulsabständen von 1 ps bis 100 ns aufeinander. Nachdem, wie vorbeschrieben, im Substratinneren der Trennbereich 2 erzeugt wurde, kann in einem letzten Verfahrensschritt das Substrat 1 entlang des Trennbereichs 2 durch ein mechanisches Verfahren, beispielsweise durch manuelles Brechen, in zwei oder mehrere Substratteile (je nach Konturverlauf des Trennbe- reichs 2) getrennt werden. Alternativ kann das Substrat 1 auch entlang des Trennbereichs 2 mittels eines chemischen Verfahrens getrennt werden. Durch das vorbeschriebene Verfahren zum Vorbehandeln und Trennen des Substrats 1 kann das Substrat 1 besonders einfach in Substratteile getrennt werden, wobei die Substratteile dadurch jeweils qualitativ hochwertige Trennflächen aufweisen. In accordance with a further method step, the irradiation of the substrate interior is carried out by means of the volume region 5 correspondingly formed in the laser beam 4 at at least one further substrate position 3 ', offset transversely to the beam direction 1 1 of the laser beam 4, in order to form the separation region 2 comprising the modified regions 8. For example, according to FIG. 1, a multiplicity of modified regions 8 are produced at different substrate positions 3, 3 ' , 3 " in the substrate interior by relatively parallel displacement of the laser beam 4, so that the separation region 2 extending along these modified regions 8 is formed Areas 8 at the respective, further substrate positions 3, 3 ' , 3 " , the laser beam 4, for example, transversely offset by the amount of the minimum laser beam radius w 0 relative to the substrate 1, wherein the irradiation of the substrate 1 by means of the laser beam 4 during the relative displacement is interrupted by a substrate position 3 to a further substrate position 3 ' . At a ratio of the offset speed of the laser beam 1 between adjacent substrate positions 3, 3 ' and a pulse rate of the laser beam 4 of 8 μιη, a high and secure processing speed can be achieved. The laser beam 4 typically irradiates the substrate 1 in pulsed form, ie the modified regions 8 are produced by means of laser pulses introduced at the substrate positions 3, 3 'in each case. In this case, individual pulses which are spatially separated from each other at a distance of typically 5 με - 1 ms act on the substrate can be used. Alternatively, it is also possible to use what are known as pulse bursts, for whose generation typically a (main) pulse with high energy is divided into several pulses with lower energy but the same peak power. The laser pulses follow each other with temporal pulse intervals of 1 ps to 100 ns. After, as described above, the separation region 2 has been produced inside the substrate, in a last process step, the substrate 1 can be separated into two or more substrate parts along the separation region 2 by a mechanical method, for example by manual breaking (depending on the contour of the separation region 2). be separated. Alternatively, the substrate 1 may also be separated along the separation area 2 by means of a chemical process. By the method described above for pretreating and separating the substrate 1, the substrate 1 can be separated particularly easily into substrate parts, the substrate parts thereby each having high-quality separating surfaces.
In Fig. 3 ist das mittels einer Verfahrensvariante bearbeitete Substrat 1 dargestellt. Bei dieser Verfahrensvariante werden mehrere, in der Strahlrichtung 1 1 des Laserstrahls 4 übereinander angeordnete modifizierte Bereiche 8 im Substratinneren erzeugt, wenn das Verhältnis aus der Substratdicke d0 und dem minimalen Strahl- radius w0 den Wert von ca. 40, übersteigt. Auf diese Weise können auch Substrate 1 getrennt werden, deren Substratdicken do wesentlich größer sind als die Länge B2 eines einzelnen modifizierten Bereichs 8. In Fig. 3 sind lediglich zwei modifizierte Bereiche 8 übereinander dargestellt. Es versteht sich jedoch, dass entsprechend Fig. 1 eine Vielzahl solcher übereinander angeordneter modifizierter Bereiche 8 nebeneinander zu einem Trennbereich 2 aneinandergereiht werden können. Zum Anordnen der modifizierten Bereiche 8 übereinander kann entweder die Fokuslage des Laserstrahls 4 in der Strahlrichtung 1 1 des Laserstrahls 4 verändert werden, oder die übereinander angeordneten modifizierten Bereiche 8 werden mittels jeweils eines eigens zugeordneten bzw. vorhandenen, weiteren Laserstrahls 4, 4' erzeugt. In Fig. 3, the processed by means of a process variant substrate 1 is shown. In this variant of the method, a plurality of modified regions 8 arranged one above the other in the beam direction 1 1 of the laser beam 4 are generated in the interior of the substrate when the ratio between the substrate thickness d 0 and the minimum beam radius w 0 exceeds the value of approximately 40. In this way, it is also possible to separate substrates 1 whose substrate thicknesses do are substantially greater than the length B2 of a single modified region 8. In FIG. 3, only two modified regions 8 are shown one above the other. However, it is understood that according to Fig. 1, a plurality of such superimposed modified regions 8 can be strung together side by side to form a separation region 2. For arranging the modified regions 8 one above the other, either the focal position of the laser beam 4 in the beam direction 1 1 of the laser beam 4 can be changed, or the superimposed modified regions 8 are each generated by a specially assigned or existing, further laser beam 4, 4 ' .
Fig. 4 zeigt den Zusammenhang zwischen der Länge B2 der modifizierten Berei- che 8 und dem Strahlparameter der Raylei ghlänge zr für unterschiedliche Strahlenergien E des Laserstrahls 4. Ihr liegt die folgende Formel für B2 (bzw. I) zugrun- de: FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the length B2 of the modified regions 8 and the beam parameter of the Raylei beam length z r for different beam energies E of the laser beam 4. It is based on the following formula for B2 (or I):
2E 2E
Z(zr) kniZr Z (z r ) k n iZ r
φ5ζνλ Anhand dieses Zusammenhangs kann die Länge B2 der modifizierten Bereiche 8 in Abhängigkeit von Strahlparametern, wie beispielsweise der Rayleighlänge zr, der Pulsenergie E im Laserstrahl 4 und der Wellenlänge λ sowie den weiteren Konstanten kni (Korrekturfaktor) und φ5 (Schwellfluenz zum Erzeugen einer Modifi- kation im Substratmaterial), bestimmt werden. Dabei hängt die Rayleighlänge zr durch zr = ^2- von der Wellenlänge λ und vom minimalen Strahlradius w0 ab. Inφ 5 ζ ν λ Based on this relationship, the length B2 of the modified regions 8 as a function of beam parameters, such as the Rayleigh length z r , the pulse energy E in the laser beam 4 and the wavelength λ and the other constant k n i (correction factor) and φ 5 (Schwellfluenz for generating a modification in the substrate material). Here, the Rayleigh length z r suspended by z r = ^ 2 - on the wavelength λ w and from the minimum beam radius from 0. In
Fig. 4 sind dabei Kurvenverläufe für zwei Laserstrahlen 4 mit unterschiedlicher Strahlenergie E dargestellt. Im ersten Fall wurde für die Strahlenergie E = 87 ein Korrekturfaktor von kni = 1 ,2 (Vierecksymbole) und im zweiten Fall für die Energie E = 44 ein Faktor kni = 1 ,1 angenommen (Dreiecksymbole). Durch eine Anpassung der vorgenannten Strahlparameter zr, wo, lo, λ, insbesondere durch eine Anpassung der Rayleighlänge zr, können gemäß den Kurvenverläufen aus Fig. 4 die Bereiche, in denen Strahlenergie E in das Substrat 1 eingebracht werden soll, insbesondere die Länge B2 der modifizierten Bereiche 8, beeinflusst werden. Die Länge B2 der modifizierten Bereiche 8 kann jedoch bei gegebener Strahlenergie E nur bis zu einer bestimmten Maximallänge (den Höhepunkten der beiden Kurven) erhöht werden. FIG. 4 shows curves for two laser beams 4 with different beam energy E. In the first case, a correction factor of k n i = 1, 2 (quadrilateral symbols) was assumed for the beam energy E = 87, and a factor k n i = 1, 1 (triangular symbols) for the energy E = 44 in the second case. By adjusting the aforementioned beam parameters z r , where, lo, λ, in particular by adjusting the Rayleigh length z r , according to the curves of Fig. 4, the areas in which beam energy E is to be introduced into the substrate 1, in particular the length B2 of the modified areas 8, are influenced. However, the length B2 of the modified regions 8 can only be increased up to a certain maximum length (the highlights of the two curves) given a beam energy E.
Claims
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| JP5641835B2 (en) * | 2010-09-10 | 2014-12-17 | 株式会社ディスコ | Split method |
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| EP1811550A1 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2007-07-25 | Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. | Laser processing method |
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| EP2258512A1 (en) | 2009-06-04 | 2010-12-08 | Corelase OY | Method and apparatus for processing a substrate using laser focussed on the surface or inside the substrate for creating a weakened cutting line |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102013223637B4 (en) | 2018-02-01 |
| CN105682848A (en) | 2016-06-15 |
| CN105682848B (en) | 2019-04-23 |
| DE102013223637A1 (en) | 2015-05-21 |
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