WO2015063561A1 - 2—[3—シアノ—4—(2—メチルプロポキシ)フェニル]—4—メチルチアゾ一ル—5—力ルボン酸の小型化結晶、その微粉化物及びこれらを含有する固形製剤 - Google Patents
2—[3—シアノ—4—(2—メチルプロポキシ)フェニル]—4—メチルチアゾ一ル—5—力ルボン酸の小型化結晶、その微粉化物及びこれらを含有する固形製剤 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015063561A1 WO2015063561A1 PCT/IB2014/002195 IB2014002195W WO2015063561A1 WO 2015063561 A1 WO2015063561 A1 WO 2015063561A1 IB 2014002195 W IB2014002195 W IB 2014002195W WO 2015063561 A1 WO2015063561 A1 WO 2015063561A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- crystal
- acetonitrile
- crystals
- febuxostat
- miniaturized
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D277/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
- C07D277/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D277/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D277/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D277/56—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
- A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/06—Antigout agents, e.g. antihyperuricemic or uricosuric agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D277/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
- C07D277/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D277/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
Definitions
- the present invention is a fine powder of 2- [3-cyano-4- (2-methylpropoxy) phenyl] -4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylic acid having high stability, dissolution property, bulk density, tap density and handling property.
- the present invention relates to a solid preparation excellent in stability and dissolution, which is used for the prevention and / or treatment of gout, hyperuricemia and chronic kidney disease, comprising a crystallized crystal and an active ingredient.
- 2- [3-cyano-4- (2-methylpropoxy) phenyl] -4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylic acid represented by the following formula (generic name: febuxostat, International Publication WO92 / 9279) is not Purine-type xanthine oxidase inhibitor, manufactured in Japan in the form of tablets from Teijin Pharma Co., Ltd. under the trade name “Febrique (registered trademark)” since 2011 as a treatment for gout and hyperuricemia
- 2- [3-cyano-4- (2-methylpropoxy) phenyl] -4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylic acid is referred to as “febuxostat”. (Registered trademark) lock is also referred to as "F lock").
- the C crystal is specifically shown to be useful from the viewpoint of maintaining the crystal shape by long-term storage (Example 10 of Japanese Patent No. 3547707), and further in the I region of FIG. It is described that it is a stable crystal in the normal operating range, is maintained for a long time under normal storage conditions (75% relative humidity, 25 ° C., etc.), and is chemically stable (page 8 of the same publication). 41-43 lines).
- This C crystal has the X-ray powder diffraction diagram of FIG. 4 disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3547707 and the 2 ⁇ peak positions disclosed in the same publication (6.62 °, 10.82 °, 13.36 °, 15.
- this C crystal is usually suspended in a methanol / water mixed solution by suspending any crystal having a solubility or higher using a solvent-mediated transition, and a small amount of C It can be manufactured by adding crystals and stirring under heating (Japanese Patent No. 3547707, page 7, line 39 to page 8, line 1). And as described on page 8, lines 37 to 39 of the same publication, “solvent-mediated transition to this crystal form usually takes several days depending on the conditions. Since it is difficult to manufacture well, Example 2 of the same publication shows a method of adding C crystal as a seed crystal. However, there is no teaching or suggestion in the publication that the C crystal used as a seed crystal is obtained by any means. Therefore, although the crystal C is clearly specified as a substance in the above publication, even if the crystal C used as a seed crystal is not available, even a person skilled in the art can obtain the C from only the method disclosed in the specification. It is impossible to produce crystals.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 to 8 repeatedly state that C crystal is the most stable among A crystal, B crystal, C crystal, D crystal and BH crystal (the same as G crystal in Japanese Patent No. 3547707).
- Non-Patent Document 4, page 1156, right column, bottom row describes that any of A crystal, D crystal, and BH crystal can be transferred to C crystal.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 to 8 describe detailed conditions of a method for producing a C crystal without adding a C crystal seed crystal by solvent-mediated transition, and the volume ratio of methanol to water is 7: It is described that crystal C can be obtained from crystal A within 2-3 days by setting the absolute temperature to 323 degrees (49.85 ° C.) in the solvent No.
- Non-Patent Document 1 paragraph of Non-Patent Document 1
- Non-Patent Document 2 paragraphs 2.3 and 682, left column, lines 7 to 25. Therefore, based on the methods described in Non-Patent Documents 1 to 8, it is possible to produce C crystals without using C crystal seed crystals by solvent-mediated transition within 2 to 3 days.
- ethyl 2- (3-formyl-4-isobutoxyphenyl) -4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylate in the presence of a lower alcohol such as methanol or ethanol.
- 2- (3-Formyl-4-isobutoxyphenyl) -4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylic acid is obtained by hydrolyzing the ester bond by allowing an alkali metal carbonate such as potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate or sodium carbonate to act on the ester. Subsequently, in a formic acid, water of 60 ° C.
- Seed crystal C can be purchased from Beijing Lianben Pharm-chemicals Tech. Co., Ltd. and is the author of Non-Patent Documents 1-8. As it is clear from Teijin Ltd., the applicant of Patent Document 1, Sand Corporation, the applicant of Patent Document 7, and Nippon Chemifa Corporation, the applicant of this application, Is easily available.
- Japanese Patent No. 4084309 discloses that a C crystal was prepared by the method of WO1999 / 065858 (Patent 3547707), and the method of WO1999 / 065885 (Patent 3547707) is methanol. Since only a method for producing C crystals by crystallization from a mixed solvent of water and water is disclosed, Patent No. 4084309 is considered to use C crystals crystallized from a mixed solvent of methanol and water. . Prior to the filing date of Japanese Patent No. 4084309, there is no known method for producing C crystal other than the method of crystallizing from a mixed solvent of methanol and water.
- Comparative Example 1 of Japanese Patent No. 4084309 a tablet produced by a wet granulation method using a crystal C produced by crystallization from a mixed solvent of methanol and water used in the publication is solid 13 C- Since it showed a dull peak at a position of 20 ppm as measured by NMR, it is considered that an amorphous body (E crystal) is contained. It is stated that when this preparation is stored at 40 ° C./75% RH, a part of the amorphous body (crystal E) is transferred to crystal G (Comparative Example 5 in the same publication), and elution with respect to McIlvaine buffer at pH 5.5.
- Example 76 of WO1992 / 009279 (Patent No. 2725886), a method of recrystallizing febuxostat in ethanol is described, but the crystal form of the obtained crystal is not described.
- Non-patent Document 5 Crystal Growth & Design, Vol. 6, No. 5, pp. 1214-1218, 2006 (Non-patent document 6): Cryst. Eng. , Vol. 11, pp. 949-964, 2009 (non-patent document 7); and "Mechanism of polymorphism and control of polymorphism” Mitsutaka Kitamura, IPC, 2010, Chapter 6, Chapter 8, Chapter 9 (Non-Patent Document 8)).
- Non-Patent Document 1 Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan, 35, No. 11, pp. 1116-1222, 2002 (Non-Patent Document 1), “2.3. Crystallization”, Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 236, pp.
- a specific method of crystallization is disclosed in 676-686, 2002 (Non-patent Document 2), and there is also a teaching that crystal C is a stable form and crystal A is a metastable form.
- Example 9 of Patent 3547707 describes a method for producing an amorphous form of febuxostat by “drying crystal D for 4 hours under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. and 2 mmHg”. There is no description that it is “a febuxostat consisting essentially of an amorphous material that can be used as a preparation of an amorphous material”.
- the crystal form called G crystal in Japanese Patent No. 3547707 is called BH crystal in the above non-patent literature, and C crystal prepared from BH crystal by crystal transition in a mixed solvent of methanol and water. Is a columnar crystal having a major axis exceeding 200 ⁇ m and a lateral width of several ⁇ m (FIG. 6 (c) of Non-Patent Document 2).
- Patent No. 4084309 describes that although C crystal is a stable form (Table 1 of the same publication), the dissolution rate of the drug substance and the dissolution rate from the tablet are slow (Table of the same publication). 2 and Table 4).
- the differential thermal analysis spectrum of the C crystal described in the same document is “an endothermic peak and a small exothermic peak are observed before a large endothermic peak that is considered to be melted”.
- "Small exothermic peak” is considered to be “melt-mediated transition” by "C-type melts first, A-type precipitates from the melt, and A-type melts when the temperature rises”
- the C crystal described in Non-Patent Document 8 is still considered to be unstable and capable of crystal transition.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a febuxostat crystal having both high stability and high dissolution property. Specifically, a method for producing febuxostat crystals having a faster dissolution rate than dissolution test solutions or disintegration test solutions (for example, the Japanese Pharmacopoeia dissolution test solution 2 or disintegration test solution 2) is provided. This is the subject of the present invention.
- an object of the present invention is to provide febuxostat crystals that do not contain an amorphous material.
- An object of the present invention is to provide febuxostat crystals having a good particle size distribution distributed in a narrow range with a small particle size.
- an object of the present invention is to provide febuxostat crystals that are low enough that the residual solvent does not become a problem in pharmaceutical production.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a febuxostat crystal having a high bulk density and a high tap density.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a febuxostat crystal that is not flocculent, has a low angle of repose, and is excellent in handling.
- the object of the present invention is to provide stability for the prevention and / or treatment of gout, hyperuricemia and chronic kidney disease comprising febuxostat crystals having one or more of these properties as an active ingredient. It is to provide a solid preparation excellent in dissolution property.
- the final problem of the present invention is not only having high stability and high elution, but also contains an amorphous body, has a good particle size distribution that is distributed in a narrow range with a small particle size,
- One or more of the properties that the remaining amount of the solvent is sufficiently low so as not to cause a problem in pharmaceutical production has a high bulk density and a high tap density, does not form cotton, has a low angle of repose, and is excellent in handling.
- a solid preparation for the prevention and / or treatment of gout, hyperuricemia and chronic kidney disease comprising miniaturized crystals of febuxostat and / or finely divided products thereof and active ingredients thereof.
- it is to provide a solid preparation which is excellent in stability, has a sufficiently high dissolution rate, and has little variation in dissolution characteristics.
- the inventor of the present invention is considered to be the most stable crystal form in order to solve the above problems, but the solubility as a drug substance and the dissolution from a tablet are poor, and the production takes time. Focusing on the crystal C of febuxostat, which has been thought to be unsuitable for industrial production with good reproducibility, in the course of various studies to overcome this, crystals from a mixed solvent of methanol and water
- the uncrystallized febuxostat C crystal (hereinafter also referred to as “methanol water C crystal”) produced by the conventional method described above is a flocculent powder, and can be used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient.
- the problem was that the fluidity was so poor that the angle of repose could not be measured, the bulk density was too low to be measured, and the tap density was too low.
- febuxostat C crystal obtained by crystallization from a mixed solvent of methanol and water
- the inventor of the present invention has prepared febuxostat C crystal produced by crystallization from acetonitrile.
- acetonitrile C crystal In the process of studying the properties of febuxostat produced by crystallization from acetonitrile (hereinafter also referred to as “acetonitrile C crystal”) as it is, the solubility is still insufficient, and the bulk density The problem to be solved was found to be low level, insufficient handling, and high residual solvent of acetonitrile.
- Class 2 solvents which are “solvents for which the residual amount in pharmaceuticals should be regulated”. Since it is 410 ppm, it has been a subject to establish the manufacturing method of the C crystal
- the object of the present invention is not only to have high elution properties and high stability, but also to have a good particle size distribution that does not contain an amorphous material and is distributed in a narrow range with a small particle size, and the remaining amount of solvent. It is low enough that it does not become a problem in pharmaceutical manufacturing, has a high bulk density and a high tap density, does not form cotton, has a low angle of repose, and has excellent handling properties. , Febuxostat crystals, if possible, and containing this as an active ingredient, excellent stability and sufficient dissolution rate for the prevention and / or treatment of gout, hyperuricemia and chronic kidney disease It is to provide a solid preparation that is fast and has little variation in dissolution characteristics.
- an object of the present invention is to provide febuxostat consisting essentially of an amorphous body, a method for producing the same, and a method for quantifying the amorphous body of febuxostat.
- Febuxostat consisting essentially of an amorphous substance is known to have excellent dissolution properties, and may be used for the production of a stable solid preparation by devising the preparation.
- the inventors of the present invention produced C crystal by crystallizing febuxostat from acetonitrile, and by jet mill grinding the C crystal crystallized from acetonitrile. And found that the above problems can be solved.
- the present inventors firstly applied the method of Kitamura et al. (Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan, Vol. 35, No. 11, pp. 1116-1212, “2.3.
- the crystallizing method described in the section “.. Crystallization”) and the method described in Chapter 9 of Non-Patent Document 8 have been investigated as to whether or not C crystals can be produced industrially stably. It was found that by crystallizing febuxostat from acetonitrile, it was possible to produce pure C crystals with high reproducibility and efficiency without performing operations such as heating and stirring (hereinafter obtained by crystallization from acetonitrile).
- the unground C crystal is referred to as “unground acetonitrile C crystal”. In this method, the C crystal can be produced without adding the C crystal seed crystal, but if the C crystal seed crystal is added, the C crystal can be produced with higher reproducibility.
- the method for producing C crystal can be used as an industrial production method for stably mass-producing C crystal, and C crystal is a crystal form having excellent stability (Japanese Patent No. 3547707, page 8, 41- 43).
- the present inventors have found that crystal C crystallized from acetonitrile is a stable product that hardly undergoes transition to other crystal forms or amorphous forms. Further, the present inventors have found that the crystal is a smaller crystal in which the length of the long axis of the columnar crystal is at least 1/5 or less than that of the C crystal crystallized from a mixed solvent of methanol and water. That is, the crystal C crystallized from a conventionally known mixed solvent of methanol and water is a columnar crystal having a major axis length exceeding 1000 ⁇ m (FIGS. 11 and 17 to 19).
- the crystal C crystallized from acetonitrile was composed of columnar crystals having an average particle size of 20.483 ⁇ m and a particle size distribution of 200 ⁇ m or less (FIGS. 12, 20 to 22).
- the length of crystal C crystallized from acetonitrile is a mixed solvent of methanol and water. Since the specific surface area is considered to be 5 times or more because it is at least 1/5 or less of the length of C crystal crystallized from inside, it should have an elution rate of at least 5 times or more in simple terms. Can be expected.
- the crystal C crystallized from acetonitrile is a crystal with improved packing properties having a tap density three times or more that of crystal C crystallized from a mixed solvent of methanol and water.
- the inventors of the present invention have a filling property that the bulk density is still insufficient even with crystal C crystallized from acetonitrile, and the remaining amount of acetonitrile is about 2 minutes that is acceptable as a pharmaceutical product. It has also been found that there is a problem that the margin is small and the dissolution rate in tableting and the dissolution rate after equilibration are insufficient.
- pulverization methods by mechanical impact such as mortar grinding, hammer mill grinding, sample mill grinding, etc. have a limit in the degree of pulverization, and an undesirable particle size distribution that is distributed over a wide range with a large particle size.
- amorphization and / or crystal transition occurred, and the average particle diameter of about 3.365 ⁇ m and / or the major axis of about 20 ⁇ m or less were obtained by jet milling the acetonitrile C crystal.
- C crystals composed of granular materials that fit within the particle size distribution FIG. 13, FIG. 23 to FIG. 25; hereinafter, jet mill pulverized acetonitrile C crystals are referred to as “acetonitrile C crystal jet mill pulverized products”. ).
- the conventional water C crystal of methanol (FIG. 6 (c) of Non-Patent Document 2; FIGS. 17 to 19 of the present application) is a columnar crystal whose major axis exceeds 1000 ⁇ m. It is C crystal which was remarkably micronized. In addition, it is a finely pulverized C crystal as compared to the unmilled acetonitrile C crystal that is a columnar crystal having an average particle size of 20.483 ⁇ m and a particle size distribution of 200 ⁇ m or less.
- the major axis of the acetonitrile C crystal jet mill pulverized product is unmilled acetonitrile C Since the average length of the crystal is 1 / 6.1 or less, the specific surface area is considered to be 6.1 times, so that it can be expected to have an elution rate of 6.1 times if simply considered.
- the jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal has a higher elution rate than the unmilled acetonitrile C crystal in any of the pH 5.5 McIlvain buffer, pH 6.8 dissolution test second solution, and water. Shown (FIG. 26).
- the elution rate of the unmilled acetonitrile C crystal and the jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal with respect to the solution was less than that of the commercially available A crystal, and the variation was small.
- the powder C-ray pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal does not substantially contain an amorphous substance, and is a stable substance that hardly causes a transition to another crystal form or an amorphous substance. Confirmed by diffraction spectrum, infrared absorption spectrum and differential manipulation calorimetric spectrum.
- tablets using a milled product of acetonitrile C crystal jet mill as an active ingredient have a significantly improved dissolution rate in McIlvain buffer at pH 5.5 compared with unmilled acetonitrile C crystal, and dissolution characteristics.
- the present inventors have found that a solid preparation that does not cause variation can be provided (FIG. 27).
- the dissolution rate of tablets using a milled product of febuxostat acetonitrile C crystal as an active ingredient in the McIlvain buffer at pH 5.5 is faster than that of the clinically used FABRIC tablet (registered trademark), and It is an excellent solid preparation that elutes about 95% after 60 minutes.
- an object of the present invention is to provide febuxostat consisting essentially of an amorphous body, a method for producing the same, and a method for quantifying the amorphous body of febuxostat.
- Febuxostat consisting essentially of an amorphous substance is known to have excellent dissolution properties, and may be used for the production of a stable solid preparation by devising the preparation.
- a miniaturized crystal of febuxostat having a high stability and a high dissolution property and a finely divided product thereof are provided.
- the miniaturized crystal of febuxostat and the finely divided product thereof provided by the present invention do not contain an amorphous body, and therefore do not cause a transition to another crystalline form via the amorphous body. Keep stable.
- the present invention provides a finely divided product of miniaturized crystals of febuxostat, which has a sufficiently low amount of solvent so that it does not cause a problem in pharmaceutical production.
- the present invention provides a miniaturized crystal of febuxostat having a high bulk density and / or a tap density and a pulverized product thereof. Furthermore, the present invention provides a miniaturized crystal of febuxostat having a good particle size distribution distributed in a narrow range with a small particle size and a finely divided product thereof. Furthermore, the present invention provides a miniaturized crystal of febuxostat having a small angle of repose and / or excellent handling properties and a finely divided product thereof. Furthermore, surprisingly, if a miniaturized crystal C crystallized from acetonitrile is used, it can be directly formulated without going through the drug substance crushing step.
- febroxostat miniaturized crystals having one or more of the above-mentioned excellent properties and finely divided products thereof as active ingredients, gout, hyperuricemia, prevention of chronic kidney disease and Alternatively, it is possible to provide a solid preparation for treatment which has excellent stability and dissolution property and little variation in dissolution characteristics.
- febuxostat consisting essentially of an amorphous body, a method for producing the same, and a method for quantifying the amorphous body of febuxostat.
- FIG. 3 is a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum of crystal G obtained in Example 2.
- 4 is a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum of unmilled methanol C water crystal obtained in Example 4.
- FIG. A powder X-ray diffraction spectrum characteristic of crystal C having strong peaks at diffraction angles of 6.62 °, 10.82 °, 13.36 °, 15.52 ° and 25.18 ° was obtained (example) 6).
- FIG. 4 is a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum of unmilled acetonitrile C crystals obtained in Example 3.
- 6 is a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum of a jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal obtained in Example 5.
- FIG. 4 is an infrared absorption spectrum of unmilled methanol water C crystals obtained in Example 4.
- FIG. 1703cm having a peak near and near 2240 cm -1 -1, characteristic infrared absorption spectrum in C crystal was obtained (Example 7).
- FIG. 4 is an infrared absorption spectrum of unmilled acetonitrile C crystals obtained in Example 3.
- FIG. 4 is an infrared absorption spectrum of unmilled acetonitrile C crystals obtained in Example 3.
- Example 7 1703cm having a peak near and near 2240 cm -1 -1, characteristic infrared absorption spectrum in C crystal was obtained (Example 7).
- 6 is an infrared absorption spectrum of a jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal obtained in Example 5.
- Example 4 is a differential scanning calorimetry spectrum of unmilled methanol water C crystals obtained in Example 4. An infrared absorption spectrum characteristic of pure C crystals having a single peak only at about 201 ° C. to about 202 ° C. was obtained (Example 8). 4 is a differential scanning calorimetry spectrum of the unmilled acetonitrile C crystal obtained in Example 3. An infrared absorption spectrum characteristic of pure C crystals having a single peak only at about 201 ° C. to about 202 ° C. was obtained (Example 8). 7 is a differential scanning calorimetry spectrum of a jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal obtained in Example 5.
- FIG. 50 shows the particle size distribution of the unmilled methanol water C crystals obtained in Example 4, and FIG. D50 of unmilled methanol water C crystal was 36.819 ⁇ m, and D90 was 133.348 ⁇ m (Example 9).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram and data showing the particle size distribution of unmilled acetonitrile C crystals obtained in Example 3.
- FIG. D50 of unmilled acetonitrile C crystal was 20.483 ⁇ m, and D90 was 73.755 ⁇ m (Example 9).
- FIG. 6 is a diagram X and data showing the particle size distribution of a jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal obtained in Example 5 (pulverization pressure 3 kgf / feed pressure 4 kgf).
- the jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal had a D50 of 3.637 ⁇ m and a D90 of 7.346 ⁇ m, and showed a sharp particle size distribution in which almost all particles fit within a particle size range of 0.4 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m (Example 9).
- . 2 is a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum of a pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal obtained in Example 11 (pulverized product for 60 minutes). A flattened powder X-ray diffraction spectrum characteristic of the amorphous material was obtained.
- Example 3 is an infrared absorption spectrum of a ball milled product of acetonitrile C crystal obtained in Example 11 (pulverized product for 60 minutes). Infrared absorption spectra characteristic of an amorphous material having peaks around 1688 cm ⁇ 1 and 2230 cm ⁇ 1 were obtained.
- 4 is a differential scanning calorimetry spectrum of a ball milled product of acetonitrile C crystals obtained in Example 11 (pulverized product for 60 minutes). The endothermic peak at about 201 ° C. to about 202 ° C. disappeared by ball milling, and a strong endothermic peak at about 210 ° C. and an exothermic peak near about 84.6 ° C. appeared.
- FIG. 4 is a scanning electron micrograph (magnification 100 times) of C crystal of methanol water C crystal (unground) obtained in Example 4.
- FIG. The total length of the horizontal bar below the photograph indicates a length of 1000 ⁇ m (1 mm), and the scale of the horizontal bar indicates a length of 100 ⁇ m.
- 2 is a scanning electron micrograph (magnification 80 times) of methanol water C crystal (unground) obtained in Example 4.
- FIG. The total length of the horizontal bar below the photograph indicates a length of 1000 ⁇ m (1 mm), and the scale of the horizontal bar indicates a length of 100 ⁇ m.
- Example 14 Columnar crystals having a column diameter of about 20 ⁇ m and a length of 1000 ⁇ m or more were observed (Example 14).
- 2 is a scanning electron micrograph (magnification 80 times) of methanol water C crystal (unground) obtained in Example 4.
- FIG. The total length of the horizontal bar below the photograph indicates a length of 1000 ⁇ m (1 mm), and the scale of the horizontal bar indicates a length of 100 ⁇ m.
- Columnar crystals having a column diameter of about 20 ⁇ m and a length of 1000 ⁇ m or more were observed (Example 14).
- FIG. 4 is a scanning electron micrograph (magnification 500 times) of the unmilled acetonitrile C crystal obtained in Example 3.
- FIG. The total length of the horizontal bar below the photograph indicates a length of 200 ⁇ m, and the scale of the horizontal bar indicates a length of 20 ⁇ m. Columnar crystals having a column diameter of about 6 ⁇ m and a length of about 20 ⁇ m were observed (Example 14).
- 4 is a scanning electron micrograph (magnification 500 times) of the unmilled acetonitrile C crystal obtained in Example 3.
- FIG. The total length of the horizontal bar below the photograph indicates a length of 200 ⁇ m, and the scale of the horizontal bar indicates a length of 20 ⁇ m.
- Example 14 Columnar crystals having a column diameter of about 6 ⁇ m and a length of about 20 ⁇ m were observed (Example 14).
- 4 is a scanning electron micrograph (magnification 500 times) of the unmilled acetonitrile C crystal obtained in Example 3.
- FIG. The total length of the horizontal bar below the photograph indicates a length of 200 ⁇ m, and the scale of the horizontal bar indicates a length of 20 ⁇ m.
- Columnar crystals having a column diameter of about 6 ⁇ m and a length of about 20 ⁇ m were observed (Example 14).
- 6 is a scanning electron micrograph (magnification 4000 times) of a jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal obtained in Example 5.
- the total length of the horizontal bar below the photograph indicates a length of 20 ⁇ m, and the scale of the horizontal bar indicates a length of 2 ⁇ m.
- the shape of the columnar crystals was no longer maintained, and it was a granular material having a diameter of approximately 1.5 ⁇ m to 6.5 ⁇ m even though there was a slight difference in length between the minor axis and the major axis (Example 14).
- 6 is a scanning electron micrograph (magnification 4000 times) of a jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal obtained in Example 5.
- FIG. The total length of the horizontal bar below the photograph indicates a length of 20 ⁇ m, and the scale of the horizontal bar indicates a length of 2 ⁇ m.
- the shape of the columnar crystals was no longer maintained, and it was a granular material having a diameter of approximately 1.5 ⁇ m to 6.5 ⁇ m even though there was a slight difference in length between the minor axis and the major axis (Example 14).
- FIG. 6 is a scanning electron micrograph (magnification 4000 times) of a jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal obtained in Example 5.
- FIG. The total length of the horizontal bar below the photograph indicates a length of 20 ⁇ m, and the scale of the horizontal bar indicates a length of 2 ⁇ m.
- the shape of the columnar crystals was no longer maintained, and it was a granular material having a diameter of approximately 1.5 ⁇ m to 6.5 ⁇ m even though there was a slight difference in length between the minor axis and the major axis (Example 14).
- Example 17 The dissolution rate of a tablet containing acetonitrile C crystal jet mill pulverized product as an active ingredient was measured with respect to Mclvaine buffer (pH 5.5), a tablet containing unmilled acetonitrile C crystal, a tablet containing commercially available A crystal, It is the figure compared with the dissolution rate of F tablet and F tablet which film coating peeled.
- Tablets containing a jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystals showed a faster dissolution rate than any tablets despite being C crystals, and after 60 minutes, tablets containing A crystals, F tablets (registered) It was confirmed that the tablet was an excellent tablet having an elution rate of about 95%, which is equivalent to both the trademark (trademark) and the F-coated tablet (registered trademark) from which the film coating was peeled off (Example 18).
- the crushed product of jet mill of acetonitrile C is put in a brown glass bottle and covered, or put in a polyethylene bag and the mouth is closed, and it is kept under long-term storage conditions, the amount of impurities will not increase until 6 months.
- the jet milled product of acetonitrile C crystal had excellent storage stability (see Example 19).
- Prototype tablets (uncoated tablets and film-coated tablets) manufactured using jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal, and F tablets are put in a brown glass bottle and covered, or put in a polyethylene bag and the mouth is closed to accelerate. It is the figure which confirmed that the quantity of an impurity did not increase to 3 months when it was on conditions. It was confirmed that the trial tablet produced using the jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal has the same storage stability as the F tablet (see Example 20).
- Prototype tablets (plain tablets and film-coated tablets) manufactured using jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal, and F tablets are put in a brown glass bottle and covered, or put in a polyethylene bag and the mouth is closed. It is the figure which confirmed that the quantity of an impurity did not increase to 3 months when it was on conditions. It was confirmed that the trial tablet produced using the jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal has the same storage stability as the F tablet (see Example 20).
- the unmilled methanol water C crystal (see Example 23) is a fluffy fluffy bulky mass, and a needle-like crystal having a size exceeding 1 mm larger than the unmilled A crystal could be visually confirmed (Example 23). reference). It can be understood at a glance that it is difficult to measure the angle of repose of unmilled methanol water C crystals. It is an external appearance photograph which shows the property of the unmilled acetonitrile C crystal. Uncrushed acetonitrile C crystals (see Example 23) tend to form a slightly bulky mass, but are smaller than uncrushed methanol water C crystals and higher in density than uncrushed methanol water C crystals. It was a lump.
- the movement of the flour was very similar to that of cornstarch (Fig. 39) and potato starch (Fig. 40). It is an external appearance photograph which shows the property of a corn starch (refer Example 23). It is an external appearance photograph which shows the property of potato starch (refer Example 23). It is a 13 C solid state NMR chart of C crystal element and C crystal preparation. It can be seen that there are several characteristic peaks that are not present in the A and A crystal preparations but are commonly present in the C and C crystal preparations. It is a spectrum figure which shows that C crystal
- the crystal C can be distinguished from the crystal A and each additive by a peak of about 1695 shift / cm-1, and the crystal A can be distinguished from the crystal C and each additive by peaks of about 1450 shift / cm-1, about 1330 shift / cm-1. It was confirmed that it can be distinguished from the above. It is an image of Raman imaging of C crystal. Countless C crystal particles having a diameter of 10 ⁇ m or less were confirmed. It is a result of particle analysis of Raman imaging of C crystal.
- the figure on the right is a differential interference photo of the same field of view.
- a large number of needle-like crystals having a major axis length of about 10 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m were observed for fluorescence.
- the figure on the right is a differential interference photo of the same field of view. As in the scanning electron micrographs of FIGS. 23 to 25, it was confirmed that many particles having a diameter of about 3 ⁇ m were gathered.
- the figure on the right is a differential interference photo of the same field of view.
- the figure on the right is a differential interference photo of the same field of view. Particles emitting fluorescence with a substantially uniform size of about 2 to 3 ⁇ m in diameter were observed.
- the figure on the right is a differential interference photo of the same field of view. Particles emitting fluorescence with a substantially uniform size of about 2 to 3 ⁇ m in diameter were observed.
- Febuxostat C crystal (in this specification, this crystal is referred to as “C crystal” in accordance with the disclosure of Japanese Patent No. 3547707, but is sometimes referred to as “C-type crystal”) is, for example, Journal of Chemical. Engineering of Japan, Vol. 35, no. 11, pp. It can be produced according to the crystallization method described in “2.3. Crystallization” in 1116-1222, 2002. It can be easily identified by those skilled in the art from the powder X-ray diffraction diagram of FIG. 4 disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3547707 that the obtained crystal is C crystal.
- the 2 ⁇ peak position disclosed in the same publication (when the CuK ⁇ radiation having a wavelength of 1.54 ⁇ using Cu as the radiation source is used, the diffraction angle is 6.62 °, 10 .82 °, 13.36 °, 15.52 °, 16.74 °, 17.40 °, 18.00 °, 18.70 °, 20.16 °, 20.62 °, 21.90 °, 23 Any one or more of .50 °, 24.78 °, 25.18 °, 34.08 °, 36.72 °, and 38.04 °, preferably shown in FIG.
- the peak position of 13.36 ° and / or 15.52 ° as a high-intensity peak to be generated), and the infrared absorption spectrum of FIG. 9 of the publication can also be referred to.
- the crystal C of febuxostat has a peak at a diffraction angle of preferably 6.62 ° in a powder X-ray diffraction using CuK ⁇ radiation (radiated light) having a wavelength of 1.54 angstroms. Identified as a crystal having no peak at the folding angle, more preferably as a crystal having peaks at diffraction angles of 6.62 °, 13.36 ° and 15.52 °, and more preferably 6.62 °.
- the error range of the diffraction angle in this case is within ⁇ 0.2 ° on the condition that the powder X-ray diffraction measurement device is properly configured.
- d is an interval between crystal planes
- ⁇ is an angle formed by the crystal plane and X-rays
- ⁇ is an X-ray wavelength
- n is an integer. Therefore, the wavelength ⁇ and the diffraction angle 2 ⁇ of the emitted light correspond one-to-one and can be converted uniquely.
- the diffraction angle of A1 is observed when a wavelength ⁇ 1 of a certain emitted light is irradiated
- the diffraction angle A2 to be observed when a wavelength ⁇ 2 of a different wavelength is irradiated can be obtained by calculation.
- the means for identifying the crystal form by the powder X-ray diffractometer is not limited to the identification of the diffraction angle by the powder X-ray diffraction measured using CuK ⁇ radiation, but using the radiated light of different wavelengths. Also good. For example, when a cyclotron or the like is used, radiation light having a wavelength of 0.75 angstroms or radiation light having a wavelength of 1.0 angstroms can be used. In that case, the crystal form can be identified by identifying the diffraction angle transformed using the Bragg equation within the error range transformed using the Bragg equation.
- the C crystal of febuxostat can be obtained from the infrared absorption spectrum of FIG. 9 of Japanese Patent No. 3547707, or FIG. It is a substance that can be easily identified by those skilled in the art from the FT-IR spectrum of 3. Specifically, the crystal C of febuxostat, has in the infrared absorption spectrum, 1219Cm around -1, 1269Cm around -1, 1296Cm around -1, 1703 cm around -1, characteristic peaks in the vicinity of 2240 cm -1 .
- febuxostat C crystal has a singlet peak at 210 and 282 ppm in solid 15 N-NMR, or a triplet peak approximately equivalent to about 20 ppm in solid 13 C-NMR. It is a substance that can be easily specified by those skilled in the art as the crystalline form (see Reference Example 3 of Japanese Patent No. 4084309).
- febuxostat is known to have A crystal, B crystal, C crystal, D crystal, and G crystal (BH crystal). The entire disclosure of these crystals in that publication is incorporated herein by reference.
- a crystal, B crystal, C crystal, D crystal, and G crystal BH crystal.
- BH crystal G crystal
- crystal A either or both of two high intensity peaks 2 ⁇ (12.80 ° and / or 7.18 °) in the powder X-ray diffraction chart shown in FIG.
- crystal B either or both of two high intensity peaks 2 ⁇ in the powder X-ray diffraction chart shown in FIG.
- the crystal C of febuxostat shows a single endothermic peak at about 201 ° C. to about 202 ° C. by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), but when the C crystal contains an amorphous substance, the differential scanning calorific value is obtained. In some cases, the amorphous body changes to another crystal form, such as crystal A, by heating in the measurement, giving an endothermic peak different from about 201 ° C. to about 202 ° C. For example, when differential scanning calorimetry is performed by crushing C crystals giving a single endothermic peak at about 201 ° C. to about 202 ° C.
- a small peak may be generated at 210 ° C.
- the peak at 210 ° C. increases in proportion to the degree of pulverization, and an exothermic peak may be observed near 80 ° C.
- a differential scanning calorimetry spectrum having a single peak is preferably obtained at about 200 ° C. to about 203 ° C., more preferably about 201 ° C. to about 202 ° C.
- C crystals shown can be produced (FIGS. 9 and 10). That is, according to the method of the present invention, a pure febuxostat C crystal which does not show melt-mediated transition can be obtained.
- the miniaturized crystal of febuxostat and the pulverized product of miniaturized crystal of febuxostat are substantially It is preferable not to include an amorphous material.
- the ratio of the amorphous C, crystal B, crystal D or crystal G contained in the miniaturized C crystal of febuxostat and its finely divided product is about 7% by mass or less, preferably about 5%. % Or less, more preferably about 3% or less, even more preferably about 1% or less, even more preferably about 0.1% or less, and most preferably substantially 0%.
- other crystal forms A crystal, B crystal, D crystal, and G crystal
- crystal are not mixed in the miniaturized C crystal of febuxostat and its finely divided product. This can be confirmed by the fact that none of the above-described high-intensity peaks of crystal A, crystal B, crystal D and crystal G described above are detected in the X-ray diffraction chart.
- the long axis length of the miniaturized C crystal of the febuxostat of the present invention is about 200 ⁇ m or less, preferably about 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably about 50 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably about 30 ⁇ m or less, even more preferably about 20 ⁇ m or less. Most preferably, it is about 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle size of the miniaturized C crystal of febuxostat of the present invention is such that the particle size (D50 or median diameter) at which the cumulative particle size distribution (volume basis) is 50% is about 100 ⁇ m or less, preferably about 50 ⁇ m or less, more preferably about 20 ⁇ m or less, more preferably about 10 ⁇ m or less, even more preferably about 5 ⁇ m or less, most preferably about 3.6 ⁇ m or less, and the particle size (D90) at which the cumulative particle size distribution (volume basis) is 90% is about 200 ⁇ m or less. , Preferably about 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably about 50 ⁇ m or less, further preferably about 20 ⁇ m or less, and most preferably about 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the miniaturized C crystal of febuxostat of the present invention has a particle size (D50 or median diameter) of about 21 ⁇ m or less and / or an integrated particle size distribution (volume basis) with an integrated particle size distribution (volume basis) of 50%. Any means may be adopted as long as a downsized C crystal having a particle size (D90) of 90% of 74 ⁇ m or less is obtained, and any means may be adopted. Since it is preferable that the pulverized product does not substantially contain an amorphous material, it is preferable to adopt a means that does not make the C crystal substantially amorphous during pulverization.
- the bulk density according to the constant volume method of the miniaturized C crystal of febuxostat of the present invention is preferably about 0.15 g / ml or more, more preferably about 0.20 g / ml or more, and further preferably about 0. .25 g / ml or more.
- the tap density according to the constant volume method of the miniaturized C crystal of febuxostat of the present invention is preferably about 0.20 g / ml or more, more preferably about 0.25 g / ml or more, more preferably about 0. .30 g / ml or more, and most preferably about 0.34 g / ml or more.
- Such a miniaturized C crystal of febuxostat it is possible to crystallize from a solvent other than methanol and a mixed solvent, but to crystallize from acetonitrile or a mixed solvent of acetonitrile and propanol. It is more desirable to suspend febuxostat in acetonitrile and to stir at room temperature.
- the stirring time for crystallization is preferably about 4 hours to about 16 hours.
- the miniaturized C crystal of febuxostat of the present invention can be produced without adding a seed crystal of C crystal, but it is desirable to add a seed crystal for reliable production in a short time.
- the seed crystals of crystal C can be produced by known methods described in the background art, and can also be obtained from various drug substance manufacturers for test research.
- a method for producing miniaturized C crystal of febuxostat comprising a step of crystallizing C crystal from acetonitrile using G crystal as a raw material, and miniaturization of febuxostat.
- a crystal C which can be obtained by a step of crystallizing C crystal from acetonitrile using G crystal as a raw material.
- the above-described miniaturized C crystal having a single endothermic peak at about 200 ° C. to about 203 ° C., more preferably at about 201 ° C. to about 202 ° C. in differential scanning calorimetry.
- the dissolution rate of miniaturized C crystal of febuxostat in Japanese Pharmacopoeia second liquid can be measured, for example, according to the method described in Reference Example 2 of Patent No. 4084309 or Example 17 of the present specification, and about It is 0.10 mg / cm 2 / min, preferably about 0.14 mg / cm 2 / min or more.
- the dissolution rate of febuxostat miniaturized C crystals in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia second liquid is about 0.5 mg / ml / min or more, preferably about 0.6 mg / ml / min or more.
- the dissolution rate of miniaturized C crystals of febuxostat in a pH 5.5 McIlvine buffer is about 13 ⁇ g / ml / min or more, preferably about 14 ⁇ g / ml / min or more.
- the surface area per mass of the miniaturized C crystal of febuxostat is increased by 5 times or more compared with the surface area per mass of the C crystal precipitated from the mixed solvent of methanol and water.
- the major axis of the miniaturized C crystal pulverized product of febuxostat of the present invention is about 100 ⁇ m or less, preferably about 50 ⁇ m or less, more preferably about 20 ⁇ m or less, further preferably about 10 ⁇ m or less, even more preferably about 5 ⁇ m or less, Most preferably, it is about 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the finely divided product of miniaturized C crystal of febuxostat of the present invention is preferably about 80% or more, more preferably about 90% or more, more preferably about 95% or more, and most preferably substantially 100% of the whole crystal. In this crystal, it can be obtained as a pulverized product having a major axis length of about 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the miniaturized C crystal micronized product of febuxostat of the present invention has a major axis of about 100 ⁇ m or less, preferably about 50 ⁇ m or less, more preferably about 30 ⁇ m or less, more preferably about 20 ⁇ m or less, and still more preferably about 10 ⁇ m. Hereinafter, it is most preferably about 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle size (D50) at which the cumulative particle size distribution (volume basis) of the miniaturized C-crystal fine powder of febuxostat is 50% is about 25 ⁇ m or less, preferably about 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably about 7 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably Is about 5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably about 4 ⁇ m or less, most preferably about 3 ⁇ m or less, and the particle size (D90) at which the cumulative particle size distribution (volume basis) is 90% is 50 ⁇ m or less, preferably about 20 ⁇ m or less, and more Preferably it is about 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably about 8 ⁇ m or less, even more preferably about 7 ⁇ m or less, and most preferably about 6 ⁇ m or less.
- the bulk density of the miniaturized C-crystal micronized product of febuxostat of the present invention by the constant volume method is preferably about 0.20 g / ml or more, more preferably 0.30 g / ml or more, and still more preferably. 0.40 g / ml or more.
- the tap density of the miniaturized C crystal micronized product of febuxostat of the present invention by the constant volume method is preferably about 0.30 g / ml or more, more preferably 0.40 g / ml or more, and still more preferably. 0.50 g / ml or more, most preferably 0.60 g / ml or more.
- the particle size (D50 or median diameter) at which the cumulative particle size distribution (volume basis) is 50% is 4 ⁇ m or less, and / or Any means may be adopted as long as a miniaturized C crystal having a particle size (D90) with an integrated particle size distribution (volume basis) of 90% of 8 ⁇ m or less can be obtained.
- the pulverized C crystal pulverized product is substantially a pulverized product that does not contain an amorphous material, it is preferable to adopt a means that does not substantially convert the C crystal into an amorphous material during pulverization. .
- a pulverization means for example, fluid pulverization (airflow pulverization) or wet pulverization in a solvent can be employed, and a coarse pulverization step can be employed prior to fluid pulverization. Combinations are also possible. Further, the particle size (D50 or median diameter) at which the cumulative particle size distribution (volume basis) is 50% is 4 ⁇ m or less, and / or the particle size (D90) at which the cumulative particle size distribution (volume basis) is 90% is 8 ⁇ m or less. If a miniaturized C crystal can be obtained, a pulverizing means is unnecessary. As the fluid pulverization, jet mill pulverization or twin impeller counter airflow dry pulverization is desirable, and jet mill pulverization is more desirable.
- Wet pulverization is a method in which crystals suspended in a poor solvent are impacted and pulverized.
- a zirconia container is filled with pulverization media such as materials, liquids, and zirconia balls. The material can be crushed by the collision of the grinding media. Since the pulverization method is excellent in that it can be finely pulverized while suppressing generation of heat because it is pulverized in a solvent, it can be used as the pulverizing means of the present invention.
- Jet mill pulverization is a pulverization method in which an object to be pulverized is placed in a high-speed air stream, sent into a sealed space, and finely pulverized by colliding each other with the air stream. Jet mill pulverization is suitable for industrial production because it can be instantly pulverized while suppressing heat generation.
- Twin impeller opposed airflow dry pulverization (Driverst pulverization) is a state in which a pair of impellers, which are gear-like structures facing each other in a sealed space, are rotated at high speed in opposite directions, and one impeller is rotated.
- a device that pulverizes by collision in a high-speed opposed air flow generated between a pair of impellers by throwing in an object to be crushed from the side of the blade, feeding it to the side of the other impeller, and collecting it after passing through the other impeller And can be finely pulverized with a sharp particle size distribution.
- These fluid pulverization is a preferable pulverization means in the present invention in that a stable particle size distribution is given and an amorphous body is not mixed into the C crystal pulverized product.
- Airflow pulverization or wet pulverization can usually be performed at room temperature.
- the pulverization pressure is, for example, 0.5 to 5 kgf, preferably 1 to 3 kgf, and the supply pressure is 1 to 6 kgf, preferably It may be performed at about 2 to 4 kgf.
- a tumbler type pulverizer such as a mortar or a ball mill with grinding
- a pulverizing means for example, a tumbler type pulverizer (medium type) such as a mortar or a ball mill with grinding
- an impact crusher high-speed rotation type
- a hammer mill based on the basic principle of high-speed rotation of the hammer, or a sample mill that is a kind of it.
- it may be amorphous and / or crystal transition may occur, which is not preferable.
- an impact pulverizer high-speed rotation type
- the dissolution rate of miniaturized C-crystal fine powder of febuxostat from the Japanese Pharmacopoeia second liquid can be measured, for example, according to the method described in Reference Example 2 of Japanese Patent No. 4084309 or Example 17 of the present specification.
- the dissolution rate of miniaturized C crystals of febuxostat in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia second liquid is about 0.5 mg / ml / min or more, preferably about 0.6 mg / ml / min or more.
- the dissolution rate of miniaturized C crystals of febuxostat in the McIlvine buffer solution at pH 5.5 is about 13 ⁇ g / ml / min or more, preferably about 14 ⁇ g / ml / min or more.
- the surface area per mass of the miniaturized C crystal of febuxostat is increased by 5 times or more compared with the surface area per mass of the C crystal precipitated from the mixed solvent of methanol and water.
- a method comprising a step of preparing a fine powder of C crystal of febuxostat by pulverizing it to be about 20 ⁇ m or less, most preferably about 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the crystal C of febuxostat is obtained as a columnar crystal
- the micronized product of miniaturized C crystal of febuxostat is a granular material that does not retain the crystal habit of the columnar crystal.
- the longest diameter including the major axis of the crystal is called the major axis
- the shortest diameter including the minor axis of the end of the columnar crystal is called the minor axis.
- Finely pulverized C crystal crystals of febuxostat satisfying these conditions can be particularly preferably used in the solid preparation of the present invention.
- the miniaturized C crystal of febuxostat or the finely divided product thereof obtained as above as the active ingredient of the solid component, it is stable over a long period of time and the elution rate is remarkably improved, and the elution characteristics do not vary.
- a solid formulation can be provided.
- miniaturized C crystals or finely divided products of C crystals are converted into 2- [3-cyano-4- (2-methylpropoxy) phenyl] -4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylic acid as an active ingredient.
- febuxostat at least 30% or more, preferably 50% or more, more preferably 70% or more, more preferably 90% or more, still more preferably 95% or more, most preferably 99% or more.
- the content of febuxostat can be specified by weight.
- the weight of particles is determined according to the volume or number of particles, it can be specified by the volume or number of particles of febuxostat. good.
- the volume and number of particles of febuxostat particles can be calculated from a fluorescence micrograph or a microscopic Raman image. Therefore, the content of the miniaturized C crystal or finely pulverized C crystal can be determined by calculation from a fluorescent micrograph or a microscopic Raman image.
- the above-mentioned solid preparation in which the miniaturized C crystal of febuxostat or its fine powder is substantially free of crystal A;
- the above-mentioned solid preparation containing no G crystal; miniaturized C crystal of febuxostat or a finely divided product thereof substantially free of amorphous substance; miniaturized C crystal of febuxostat or its The above-mentioned solid preparation containing 7% by weight or less of an amorphous substance contained in the finely divided product; the above-mentioned miniaturized C crystal of febuxostat produced by crystallizing G from the raw material of crystal G or the finely divided product thereof
- a solid preparation of Febxostat having a single endothermic peak, preferably about 200 ° C. to about 203 ° C., more preferably about 201 ° C. to about 202 ° C. by differential scanning calorimetry.
- the above solid preparation comprising the micronisate; and,
- a method for producing a solid preparation comprising febuxostat miniaturized C crystal or a finely divided product thereof as an active ingredient, wherein the major axis is about 200 ⁇ m or less, preferably about 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably Is a step of preparing miniaturized C crystals of febuxostat or a pulverized product thereof so as to be about 50 ⁇ m or less, more preferably about 30 ⁇ m or less or about 20 ⁇ m or less, even more preferably about 10 ⁇ m or less, most preferably about 5 ⁇ m or less.
- a method of including is provided.
- a method for producing a solid preparation containing febuxostat miniaturized C crystal or its finely divided product as an active ingredient wherein C crystal crystallized from acetonitrile is directly used as a drug substance.
- a method for producing a solid preparation containing febuxostat miniaturized C crystal or its finely divided product as an active ingredient By granulating using a granulating means with a strong load, there is provided a method for producing a solid preparation containing febuxostat miniaturized C crystal or its finely divided product as an active ingredient. Specifically, using a granulation method with a mechanical load such as wet granulation, dry granulation, or manual granulation, the granulation is repeated or longer than the normal granulation time.
- febuxostat C crystals By granulating, simultaneously with granulation, febuxostat C crystals can be miniaturized or pulverized, and a solid preparation containing febuxostat miniaturized C crystals or pulverized product thereof as an active ingredient can be produced.
- a method for producing a solid preparation comprising febuxostat miniaturized C crystals or finely divided products thereof as an active ingredient, wherein the major axis is about 100 ⁇ m or less, preferably about 50 ⁇ m or less, more preferably about 20 ⁇ m or less. More preferably, the size of febuxostat is reduced to about 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably about 5 ⁇ m or less.
- modified C crystals or finely divided products thereof is also provided by the present invention.
- the surface area per mass of the miniaturized C crystal of febuxostat or its finely divided product that can be preferably used in the form preparation of the present invention is compared with the surface area per mass of the miniaturized C crystal of febuxostat before pulverization. It is preferable that it is increased at least about 3 times, preferably about 6 times or more, more preferably about 10 times or more, and still more preferably about 30 times or more.
- FIGS. 20 to 22 and FIGS. 23 to 25 Examples of scanning electron micrographs of miniaturized C crystals of febuxostat and fine powders thereof are shown in FIGS. 20 to 22 and FIGS. 23 to 25, respectively.
- the size and size of febuxostat C crystals and their finely divided products can be easily observed by image analysis methods such as a method of observing under a microscope even if they are contained in a solid preparation. be able to.
- This technique can also be used to observe, for example, the appearance of pulverized C crystals contained in a tablet after the tablet has been compression-molded, for example, measuring the length of the major axis or average length of a crystal under a fluorescence microscope. Can do.
- febuxostat which is called TEI-6720 in Non-Patent Document 9
- TEI-6720 a fluorescence wavelength of 390 nm. Therefore, using a confocal fluorescence microscope, the size of febuxostat crystals contained in the tablet can be measured by observing at an excitation wavelength of 314 nm and a fluorescence wavelength of 390 nm. Can be determined by measuring a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum, solid 15 N-NMR, and microscopic Raman.
- the content of febuxostat miniaturized C crystals or finely divided products thereof contained in the solid preparation of the present invention is generally in the range of about 1 to 50 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the solid preparation.
- a method for producing a solid preparation containing febuxostat crystals is specifically described in Japanese Patent No. 4084309, page 3, line 34 to page 5, line 9. The disclosure of the relevant part of the above publication is incorporated herein by reference.
- one or two or more kinds of pharmaceutical additives commonly used in the art in pharmaceutical formulation can be used.
- excipients such as lactose, anhydrous lactose, crystalline cellulose, corn starch, pregelatinized starch, partially pregelatinized starch, D-mannitol, or calcium hydrogen phosphate, carmellose sodium, carmellose calcium, low substituted hydroxypropyl Disintegrants such as cellulose, sodium croscarmellose, sodium carboxymethyl starch, or crospovidone, and binders such as hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, or polyvinylpyrrolidone can be used.
- the amount of the excipient used is, for example, about 50 to 98 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the solid preparation, and the amount of the disintegrant used is, for example, about 1 to 25 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the solid preparation.
- the amount of the binder used is, for example, about 0.5 to 25 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the solid preparation, but is not limited to these amounts.
- one or more additives for formulation such as binder, lubricant, coating agent, plasticizer, diluent, colorant, preservative, preservative, or odorant may be used. Good.
- tablets can be produced by compression molding a mixture obtained by adding an excipient and a disintegrant to a pulverized C crystal.
- tablets can be produced by directly compressing the above mixture containing miniaturized C crystals of febuxostat or finely divided products thereof, or granules for tablets by dry granulation using a slug machine or a roller compactor.
- Tablets can be coated with sugar coating or enteric coating as necessary.
- the solid preparation of the present invention is preferably provided as a unit dosage form so that it is generally administered at a frequency of about 1 to 3 times per day so that the daily dose is 0.8 to 50 mg. .
- the solid preparation of the present invention can be used as a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, a uric acid lowering agent, a gout treatment agent, a hyperuricemia treatment agent, and a chronic kidney disease treatment agent, and gout, hyperuricemia, and chronic kidney disease. It can be used for prevention and / or treatment.
- a method for producing an amorphous body of febuxostat by ball milling, and febuxostat comprising substantially only an amorphous body is provided.
- febuxostat consisting essentially of amorphous material is 90% or more, preferably 95% or more, more preferably 99% or more, and most preferably 100% amorphous material. It is a xostat.
- the method for producing febuxostat consisting essentially of an amorphous substance of the present invention can be produced by ball milling febuxostat drug substance containing crystals.
- the ball mill pulverization is preferably performed using a planetary ball mill, and the pulverization condition is preferably 400 rpm or more.
- the pulverization time is preferably 60 minutes or longer.
- febuxostat can be prepared by heating and vacuum drying or pulverizing the crystal D, which is a methanol solvate.
- the amorphous body can be quantified by the peak area ratio on the differential scanning calorimetry spectrum.
- the content of the amorphous material mixed in the C crystal can be quantified using the area ratio of the exothermic peak of 150 ° C. or less on the differential scanning calorimetry spectrum as an index. Indicated.
- the inventors of the present application show that in the differential scanning calorimetry, the exothermic peak amount (J / g) of the exothermic peak appearing in the region of 150 ° C. or less and the amount of amorphous febuxostat are directly proportional. From this finding, an invention of a method for measuring the content of amorphous material in a febuxostat sample based on the exothermic peak amount (J / g) of the exothermic peak appearing in the region of 150 ° C. or lower is provided. Is done.
- x represents an exothermic peak amount (J / g) of 150 ° C.
- y represents an amorphous content (mass%).
- the constants in the formula used in the method for measuring the content of the amorphous substance in the febuxostat sample of the present invention can be appropriately changed depending on the measurement conditions and the quantitative method.
- Example 1 Preparation of febuxostat ethyl ester 90% of ethyl 2- [3-formyl-4- (2-methylpropoxy) phenyl] -4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylate (10.0 g, 28.8 mmol) After suspension in formic acid (70 ml), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (2.41 g, 34.7 mmol) and sodium formate (3.14 g, 46.2 mmol) were added, and the mixture was heated to reflux for 4 hours. Water was added, and the precipitated crystals were collected by filtration and washed with water to give the title compound crude crystals (wet state). The crude crystals were suspended in methanol and stirred at room temperature.
- Example 2 Production of crystal G of febuxostat Febuxostat ethyl ester (8.00 g, 23.2 mmol) obtained in Example 1 was suspended in a mixed solution of ethanol (32 ml) and tetrahydrofuran (32 ml), and then hydroxylated. A solution of potassium (1.84 g, 27.9 mmol) in water (1.84 ml) / ethanol (16 ml) was added, and the mixture was stirred with heating at 50 ° C. for 3.5 hours. After adding water and filtering insoluble matter, 1 mol / L hydrochloric acid was added to the filtrate. The precipitated crystals were collected by filtration, washed with water, and dried under reduced pressure at 40 ° C. overnight. 7.90 g of wet crystals of the title compound were obtained (theoretical yield 7.77 g). The powder X-ray diffraction spectrum was measured, and it was confirmed that this crystal was G crystal (FIG. 1).
- Example 3 Preparation of febuxostat C crystals using acetonitrile.
- a part of the above-mentioned crystal G was collected and described in the section of “2.3. Crystallization” in the seed crystal of crystal C (Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan, 35, pp. 1116-1212, 2002). 19.5 mg) added by powder X-ray diffraction spectrum and infrared absorption spectrum manufactured by crystallization method, acetonitrile (117 ml) was added, and C crystal seed crystal (19.5 mg) was added. did. After stirring overnight at room temperature, the crystals were collected by filtration and washed with acetonitrile. The obtained crystals were air-dried overnight and then dried under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. for 48 hours to obtain the title compound C crystal (6.69 g, yield 91%) as a white crystalline powder (hereinafter referred to as “C crystal” Called "acetonitrile C crystals").
- Impurities contained in the obtained white crystalline powder are a maximum of 0.1 or less and a total amount of 0.5% or less of the individual impurities in the peak area ratio of the HPLC conditions of (a) above.
- the peak area ratio was 99.8%.
- Example 4 Production of febuxostat C crystal using a mixed solvent of methanol and water. After suspending febuxostat G crystal (20.0 g) in methanol / water (1050 ml / 450 ml), febuxostat C crystal seed (50 mg) was added, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 50 ° C. for 12 hours. After allowing to cool to room temperature, the precipitate was filtered and dried under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. for 16 hours. The obtained powder was confirmed to be febuxostat C crystal from powder X-ray diffraction spectrum and infrared spectrum (hereinafter, this C crystal is referred to as “methanol water C crystal”).
- Example 5 The acetonitrile C crystal (190 g) obtained in Example 3 was pulverized with a jet mill (100 type / manufactured by POWREC). Fine pulverization was performed under any conditions of pulverization pressure 1 kgf, supply pressure 2 kgf, pulverization pressure 2 kgf, supply pressure 3 kgf, and pulverization pressure 3 kgf / supply pressure 4 kgf.
- the concentration of acetonitrile is almost the permissible concentration, but if the residual acetonitrile concentration is about 100 ppm, it is a quarter of the permissible concentration, so the risk of exceeding the permissible limit is considerably reduced. There is.
- FIGS. The results of measuring the powder X-ray diffraction spectrum are shown in FIGS.
- the powder X-ray diffraction spectrum of the crystal G obtained in Example 2 is shown in FIG. 1
- the powder X-ray diffraction spectrum of the unmilled methanol water C crystal obtained in Example 4 is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 shows the powder X-ray diffraction spectrum of crystal C
- FIG. 4 shows the powder X-ray diffraction spectrum of the jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal obtained in Example 5 (pulverization pressure 3 kgf, supply pressure 4 kgf).
- the unmilled acetonitrile C crystal (FIG. 3) and the jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal FIG.
- Example 8 Measurement of differential scanning calorimetry spectrum About 2 mg of a sample was filled in a sample container (made of aluminum, ⁇ 5 ⁇ 2.5 mm, 50 ⁇ L), and a Rigaku Therm plus EVO series high sensitivity differential scanning calorimeter DSC8230 was used. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was measured at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min and atmospheric pressure. Rigaku Thermo plus EVO version 1.006-6 software was used for data collection and analysis. The results of measuring the differential scanning calorimetry spectrum are shown in FIG. 9, FIG. 8, and FIG. Uncrushed methanol water crystal C obtained in Example 4 (FIG.
- Example 8 unmilled acetonitrile crystal C obtained in Example 3 (FIG. 9), jet mill grinding obtained in Example 5 (pulverization pressure 3 kgf, supply pressure 4 kgf) Since all of the subsequent crystals of acetonitrile C (FIG. 10) showed a single peak at about 201 ° C. to about 202 ° C., no other crystal forms or amorphous substances were mixed. Similarly, the unmilled methanol water C crystal obtained in Example 4 also showed a single peak at about 201 ° C. to about 202 ° C., and no other crystal forms or amorphous substances were observed.
- Table 1 summarizes the measurement results of the differential scanning calorimetry of the acetonitrile C crystal jet mill pulverized product obtained by changing the jet mill pulverization conditions in Example 5.
- the jet mill pulverization conditions are three conditions: pulverization pressure 1 kgf, supply pressure 2 kgf, pulverization pressure 2 kgf, supply pressure 3 kgf, and pulverization pressure 3 kgf • supply pressure 4 kgf. Even if pulverized under any conditions, a single endothermic peak was observed at about 201 ° C. to about 202 ° C., confirming that it was a pure C crystal containing no amorphous substance or other crystal forms. It was.
- Example 9 Measurement of particle size distribution About 2 mg of a sample was added to n-hexane containing 0.2% Aerosol OT and dispersed by irradiating ultrasonic waves for 30 seconds. Using this dispersion, the particle size distribution (D50 and D90) was measured with a Shimadzu laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer SALD-2200. Shimadzu Wing SALD-2200 version 1.02 software was used for data collection and analysis.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram and data showing the particle size distribution of unmilled methanol water C crystals. D50 of unmilled acetonitrile C crystal was 36.819 ⁇ m, and D90 was 133.348 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram and data showing the particle size distribution of unmilled acetonitrile C crystals. D50 of unmilled acetonitrile C crystal was 20.483 ⁇ m, and D90 was 73.755 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram and data showing the particle size distribution of a jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystals (pulverization pressure 3 kgf, supply pressure 4 kgf).
- the D50 of the acetonitrile C crystal pulverized by jet milling with a pulverization pressure of 3 kgf and a supply pressure of 4 kgf was 3.637 ⁇ m and D90 was 7.346 ⁇ m. From these results, it is shown that the D50 is 1/5 or less and the D90 of 1/10 or less compared to the unmilled acetonitrile C crystal, and 90% or more between the particle diameters of 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m. It was found that the particle size distribution is more uniform than the distribution of particles.
- Table 2 summarizes the measurement results of the particle size distribution of the acetonitrile C crystal jet mill pulverized material obtained by changing the jet mill pulverization conditions in Example 5.
- the jet mill pulverization conditions are three conditions: pulverization pressure 1 kgf, supply pressure 2 kgf, pulverization pressure 2 kgf, supply pressure 3 kgf, and pulverization pressure 3 kgf • supply pressure 4 kgf. Even if pulverized under any conditions, D90 was sufficiently small particle size to be less than 10 ⁇ m. Among these three conditions, the smallest particles were obtained when jet mill pulverization was performed under conditions of pulverization pressure 3 kgf and supply pressure 4 kgf. It was confirmed that a pulverized product having a diameter was obtained.
- Example 10 Grinding with a mortar The crushed acetonitrile C crystal obtained in Example 3 (5 g) was strongly pulverized with a magnetic mortar (diameter 13 cm) and a magnetic pestle (length 15 cm, weight 154 g). The pulverized material was sampled, and differential scanning calorimetry and particle size distribution were measured (Table 3). As a result of differential scanning calorimetry, when pulverized in a mortar, an endothermic peak appeared at about 210 ° C. after 10 minutes, and a transition to a crystal form other than C crystal was observed. In addition, after 30 minutes, an exothermic peak appeared at 150 ° C. or lower, so that the inclusion of amorphous material was also confirmed.
- the particle size of the acetonitrile C crystal pulverized for 30 minutes was obviously larger than that of the acetonitrile C crystal pulverized for 10 minutes. Similar results were obtained when grinding with an agate mortar and agate pestle.
- Example 11 Grinding with a ball mill The unmilled product of acetonitrile C crystals (15 g) obtained in Example 3 was ground with a planetary ball mill (PM100 / Retsch: 125 ml container / 6 20 mm balls / rotation speed 400 rpm) The ground material was sampled and differential scanning calorimetry and particle size distribution were measured (Table 4). As a result of differential scanning calorimetry, the endothermic peak at about 210 ° C. reached the maximum after 30 to 60 minutes after ball milling, and the exothermic peak appearing at 150 ° C. or below was ground for 60 minutes. And the endothermic peak that appears in the vicinity of about 201 ° C. to about 202 ° C. characteristic of C crystal disappears after 60 minutes.
- Example 12 Grinding by a sample mill and grinding by a hammer mill The C crystal (15 g) of Example 1 was ground by a sample mill (SM-1 / manufactured by AS ONE) that pulverized by impact by high-speed rotation of a hammer. The pulverized material was sampled over time, and differential scanning calorimetry and particle size distribution were measured (Table 5). As a result of differential scanning calorimetry, an exothermic peak below 150 ° C.
- hammer pulverized product of crystal A was used in the measurement of the specific surface area of Example 22.
- Example 13 Establishing a method for quantitative determination of an amorphous material by differential scanning calorimetry
- acetonitrile C crystal was ball milled in Example 11. And obtained by grinding for 60 minutes.
- Amorphous substance (crystal C is mixed for 60 minutes in a planetary ball mill) on a jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal (pulverization pressure 3 kgf and supply pressure 4 kgf) in an amount equivalent to 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, and 50%.
- a total amount of about 200 mg was added by adding a mixture obtained by pulverization, and the change in behavior in differential scanning calorimetry was measured for the bag-mixed preparation.
- the amorphous mixture showed an endothermic peak near 210 ° C. when 1% or more of the amorphous body was present, and increased with an increase in the amorphous mixture ratio.
- the endothermic peak appearing at about 201 ° C. to about 202 ° C. which is characteristic of the C crystal, decreased with the increase in the amorphous mixing ratio, and disappeared when the amorphous mixing ratio reached 100%. Linearity was not recognized between the mixing ratio of the amorphous material and the peak intensity of the endothermic and exothermic peaks at 200 ° C. or higher.
- Example 14 Observation of crystals with a scanning electron microscope Scanning electron micrographs of the crystals obtained in Examples 3, 4 and 5 were taken using an Hitachi electron microscope (TM3000 Miniscope / HITACHI). When a scanning electron micrograph of methanol water C crystal (unground) obtained in Example 4 was taken, it was confirmed that it was a columnar crystal, the column diameter of the column was about 20 ⁇ m, and the length of the column exceeded 1000 ⁇ m. . Representative photographs are shown in FIGS. Some crystals are observed as thin columnar crystals close to each other, which suggests that they are easy to tear columnar crystals. Note that the magnification of the photograph of FIG. 17 is 100 times, and the magnification of the photographs of FIGS. 18 and 19 is 80 times. The horizontal bar below the electron micrographs of FIGS. 17 to 19 shows a scale of 1 mm (1000 ⁇ m), and the scale on the horizontal bar shows an interval of 0.1 mm (100 ⁇ m).
- Example 3 When the unmilled acetonitrile C crystal obtained in Example 3 was observed with a scanning electron micrograph, it was a columnar crystal that was shorter than methanol water C crystal and the ratio of the column length to the column diameter was small. It was confirmed that the column diameter was around 6 ⁇ m and the column length was around 20 ⁇ m. Representative photographs are shown in FIGS. The magnification of the photographs in FIGS. 20 to 22 is 500 times. The horizontal bar below the photographs in FIGS. 20 to 22 shows a scale of 200 ⁇ m, and the scale on the horizontal bar shows an interval of 20 ⁇ m.
- Example 5 When the jet mill pulverized product of the acetonitrile C crystal obtained in Example 5 was observed with a scanning electron micrograph, it was further pulverized and no longer maintained the columnar crystal shape. Even though there was a difference in length, it was confirmed that the particles had a diameter of approximately 1.5 ⁇ m to 6.5 ⁇ m. Representative photographs are shown in FIGS. The horizontal bar below the photographs in FIGS. 23 to 25 shows a scale of 20 ⁇ m, and the scale on the horizontal bar shows an interval of 2 ⁇ m.
- Example 15 Measurement of crystal size in a scanning electron micrograph Photographed in a scanning electron micrograph of unmilled acetonitrile C crystal and jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal (grinding pressure 3 kgf, supply pressure 4 kgf) The length of the crystal is measured. Since the unmilled acetonitrile C crystal was a columnar crystal, the length of the column was measured. On the other hand, since the jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal is granular, the length of the major axis was measured. The number of crystals measured is 430 in each group. The results are shown in Table 7.
- the average value of the length of the major axis of the unmilled acetonitrile C crystal is 17.32 ⁇ m, whereas the average value of the major axis of the jet mill pulverized product of the acetonitrile C crystal is 2.96 ⁇ m.
- the length was about 17% of the average length of the major axis of the crystal. Note that the length of the major axis of the methanol water C crystal that has not been pulverized exceeds 1 mm in the electron micrographs of FIGS. From the fact that many columnar crystals of length were observed, it was considered that it had an average length of at least 5 times, preferably 10 times or more, the length of unmilled acetonitrile C crystals.
- Example 16 Measurement of Bulk Density and Tap Density Unmilled acetonitrile C crystal obtained in Example 3, methanol water C crystal obtained in Example 4, and jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal obtained in Example 5 (grinding pressure 3 kgf ⁇ Supply pressure 4 kgf), commercially available A crystal (D50 19 ⁇ m; purchased from Beijing Lianben Pharmaceutical-Chemicals Tech. Co., Ltd.) Similarly, the bulk density and the tap density were measured by a constant volume method for each of the samples pulverized with a hammer mill (manufactured by Daitoku Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., DF-15). Bulk density and tap density were determined by the following methods.
- the variable on the right side was measured as follows. After measuring the weight (M0) of the bulk specific gravity measuring instrument (capacity 25 ml, JIS Z 2504 / Tsutsui Rikagakuki), insert the crystal from the top of the measuring instrument until it overflows into the measuring instrument, and the measuring instrument is fully filled with crystals. After confirming that this was done, an excessive amount of crystals deposited on the upper part of the measuring instrument was scraped with a spatula to measure the total weight (MT1). Tapping this measuring instrument about 30 times by hand, and again putting crystals until it overflows from the top of the measuring instrument.
- M0 weight of the bulk specific gravity measuring instrument
- Example 4 About uncrushed methanol water C crystal obtained in Example 4 and commercially available A crystal, since the powder is cotton-like, a large void is formed in the container and it is raised on the container. The bulk density by the constant volume method could not be measured.
- the tap density of the unmilled acetonitrile C crystal obtained in Example 3 was 3.1 times higher than the tap density of the unmilled methanol water C crystal obtained in Example 4.
- the tap density of the unmilled acetonitrile C crystal obtained in Example 3 was 2.4 times higher than the tap density of the commercially available A crystal.
- Example 17 Dissolution rate of jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal
- the unmilled acetonitrile C crystal obtained in Example 3 was a sieved product having an opening of 16 mesh.
- sample and magnetic stir bar are placed in a 200 ml conical beaker, dissolution test first solution (pH 1.2), pH 5.5 Mclvaine buffer, dissolution test second solution (pH 6.8), and water 100 ml of each was added, and the mixture was stirred at 500 revolutions per minute using a Yamato Mug mixer M-41.
- a portion of the test solution was collected over time, filtered through a filter to obtain a sample solution, and the test solution was tested against the standard solution by an absorbance measurement method (measurement wavelength: 317 nm).
- the test results are shown in FIG.
- the dissolution rate after 3 minutes and 5 minutes of the jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal in the first dissolution liquid (pH 1.2) was faster than that of crystal A. Further, the dissolution rate of the pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal in water from 1 minute to 10 minutes in water was higher than that of uncrystallized acetonitrile C crystal than crystal A. Furthermore, the dissolution rate and the amount of dissolution of the acetonitrile C crystal jet mill in the pH 5.5 McIlvaine buffer and the second dissolution test solution (pH 6.8) were higher than those of the unmilled acetonitrile C crystals. And was equivalent to a commercially available A crystal.
- Example 18 Dissolution rate of tablets containing crushed acetonitrile C crystal jet mill
- Purchased from unmilled C crystal obtained in Example 3 (16-mesh sieve product) or A crystal (D50 19 ⁇ m, Beijing Lianben Pharm-chemicals Tech. Co., Ltd./Beijing Renhon Pharmaceutical Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.) )
- the tablets containing the pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal jet mill are any of tablets containing crystal A, F tablets, and F tablets from which film coating has been peeled off at 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes after the start of stirring. Also showed a faster dissolution rate, and finally an dissolution rate of about 95%, equivalent to the tablets containing these A crystals (FIG. 27).
- Example 19 Stability test of jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal Jet pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal obtained in Example 5 (pulverization pressure 3 kgf, supply pressure 4 kgf) was placed in a brown glass bottle (with a polyethylene lid on the lid). Made of polypropylene.) Or sealed in a polyethylene bag with a thickness of 0.04 mm, long-term storage test (25 ° C. ⁇ 2 ° C./60% RH ⁇ 5%), and acceleration test (40 ° C. ⁇ 2 ° C./75%) The stability under each condition (RH ⁇ 5%) was examined. The stability was measured by measuring loss on drying, purity test by HPLC, and powder X-ray diffraction.
- Loss on drying of jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal Loss on drying is literally a test of weight change due to drying. The loss on drying was measured for each of the cases where 1 gram of acetonitrile C crystal was stored for 3 months under the long-term storage test conditions and when it was stored for 1 month and 3 months under the accelerated test conditions. The measurement was performed by measuring the mass when dried at 105 ° C. for 2 hours using a dryer (IKEDA RIKA AUTOMATIC OVEN DEK) with a balance. As shown in Table 9, in the accelerated test and the long-term storage test up to 3 months, no problem level of loss on drying was observed.
- Purity test of jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal The purity test by HPLC was measured when stored for 3 months and 6 months under long-term storage test conditions and when stored for 1 month, 3 months and 6 months under accelerated test conditions. First, 10 mg of a measurement sample was dissolved in 25 mL of mobile phase to obtain a sample solution. 1 mL of this sample solution was collected, and the mobile phase was added to 200 mL to obtain a standard solution. A sample solution and a standard solution of 10 ⁇ L each were accurately taken and tested by liquid chromatography under the following conditions. The purity was calculated from the ratio of the peak area of febuxostat in the sample solution to the peak area of related substances. Even under long-term storage conditions (FIG.
- the total amount of impurities is constant at about 0.05% of febuxostat during the storage period of 6 months. No change was seen.
- the impurity having the largest peak area among the individual impurities is about 0.035% during the storage period of 6 months under both long-term storage conditions and accelerated conditions. There was no change in the amount of the most abundant impurities.
- the acceleration conditions no increase in impurities was observed in the jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystals.
- Test condition detector UV spectrophotometer (measurement wavelength: 320 nm)
- Column A commercially available column in which a stainless steel tube having an inner diameter of 4.6 mm and a length of 15 cm was packed with octadecylsilylated silica gel having a particle diameter of 5 ⁇ m was used.
- Flow rate Adjust so that the retention time of febuxostat is about 5 minutes (about 1 mL / min).
- Area measurement range about 6 times the retention time of febuxostat
- Powder X-ray diffraction of jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal Powder X-ray diffraction was measured for each of the sample in which a jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal was sealed in a polyethylene bag and the sample in which the same sample was placed in a brown glass bottle for each of the long-term storage test condition and the accelerated test condition. Samples stored for months were measured. The measurement method was the same as in Example 6. As shown in FIG.
- Example 20 Stability of a trial tablet using a jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal Using the jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal obtained in Example 5 (grinding pressure 3 kgf, supply pressure 4 kgf), 20 mg of febuxostat was added.
- the uncoated tablets hereinafter referred to as “prototype uncoated tablets (MeCN pulverized)” and film-coated tablets (hereinafter referred to as “prototype FC tablets (MeCN pulverized)” were prepared, and an acceleration test (40 ° C.) was performed for each. The stability under each condition of ⁇ 2 ° C./75% RH ⁇ 5%) and severe test (60 ° C.
- the uncoated tablets were produced as follows. First, 70.0 g of jet milled acetonitrile C crystal, 263.9 g of lactose hydrate, 64.8 g of partially pregelatinized starch, and 10.5 g of hydroxypropyl cellulose were mixed with agitation and mixing (VG-5, manufactured by Paul Trek). ). Next, 102 g of purified water was added to the mixed powder and kneaded. The obtained wet granules were sized using a wet dry sizing machine (QC-197s, manufactured by POWREC) ⁇ 4.75 mm, and then dried by ventilation at 50 ° C. to obtain granules.
- a wet dry sizing machine QC-197s, manufactured by POWREC
- Film-coated tablets were produced as follows. First, 70.0 g of a jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal, 263.9 g of lactose hydrate, 64.8 g of partially pregelatinized starch, and 10.5 g of hydroxypropyl cellulose were mixed with stirring and granulating apparatus (VG-5, manufactured by Paulec) Were mixed together. Next, 102 g of purified water was added to the mixed powder and kneaded. The obtained wet granules were sized using a wet dry sizing machine (QC-197s, manufactured by POWREC) ⁇ 4.75 mm, and then dried by ventilation at 50 ° C. to obtain granules.
- VG-5 stirring and granulating apparatus
- Hardness test of prototype tablets Long-term storage conditions (3 months, 6 months) for trial uncoated tablets (MeCN crushed) (20 mg tablets), trial FC tablets (MeCN crushed) (20 mg tablets), and F tablets (10 mg tablets, 20 mg tablets, 40 mg tablets)
- the hardness after storage under accelerated conditions (1 month, 3 months, 6 months) and severe conditions (1 month, 3 months) was measured using OKADA SEIKO PC-30 and compared with the hardness at the start of measurement ( Table 10). However, measurement was not performed under the conditions indicated with “ ⁇ ” in the table.
- Both the prototype uncoated tablet (MeCN pulverized) and the prototype FC tablet (MeCN crushed) had sufficient hardness comparable to the F tablet, and no decrease in hardness due to storage was observed.
- Dissolution of prototype tablets Long-term storage conditions (3 months, 6 months) for trial uncoated tablets (MeCN crushed) (20 mg tablets), trial FC tablets (MeCN crushed) (20 mg tablets), and F tablets (10 mg tablets, 20 mg tablets, 40 mg tablets) , After storage under accelerated conditions (1 month, 3 months, 6 months) and severe conditions (1 month, 3 months), in a second dissolution solution (pH 6.8) of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia at a paddle speed of 50 rpm for 30 minutes The dissolution rate after stirring was measured using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and compared with the dissolution rate at the start of measurement (Table 12). However, measurement was not performed under the conditions indicated with “ ⁇ ” in the table. Both the prototype uncoated tablets (MeCN pulverized) and the prototype FC tablets (MeCN crushed) have a dissolution rate of 94% or more, as with the F tablets. I was not able to admit.
- Prototype tablet purity test Accelerated conditions (1 month, 3 months) for each of the prototype uncoated tablet (MeCN crushed) (20 mg tablet), prototype FC tablet (MeCN crushed) (20 mg tablet), and F tablet (10 mg tablet, 20 mg tablet, 40 mg tablet) and After storage under severe conditions (1 month, 3 months), the amount of impurities was measured over time in the same manner as in the purity test of Example 19 (FIGS. 31 and 32). However, F tablets (10 mg tablets, 20 mg tablets, 40 mg tablets) were measured up to 6 months only under accelerated conditions. In addition, extraction from the tablet was performed by taking 1 tablet and dissolving and dispersing it in an amount equivalent to 25 mL of the mobile phase with respect to 10 mg of the drug substance.
- Example 21 Dissolution test of prototype FC tablet (MeCN pulverized) About the prototype FC tablet (MeCN pulverized) (20 mg tablet) prepared in Example 20, the dissolution test first solution (pH 1.2) of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, McIlvain buffer ( The dissolution test was conducted on pH 5.0), dissolution test second solution (pH 6.8), and purified water, and compared with the dissolution characteristics of F tablet (20 mg tablet) (FIG. 33). The dissolution test was performed in the same manner as in Example 18.
- the dissolution rate of the trial FC tablet (MeCN pulverized) (20 mg tablet) prepared using a jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal was almost equal to the dissolution rate of the F tablet (20 mg tablet). It was the same or slightly higher and showed good elution characteristics (FIG. 33).
- Example 22 Measurement of specific surface area Unmilled acetonitrile C crystal obtained in Example 3, methanol water C crystal obtained in Example 4, acetonitrile milled C crystal obtained in Example 5 (milling pressure 3 kgf, supply pressure 4 kgf) ), The specific surface area of each of the crushed A-mill hammer mill prepared in Example 12 was measured using the BET multipoint method.
- the BET method is a method in which a gas such as nitrogen or krypton is adsorbed on a solid surface in a monomolecular layer at a low temperature, and the amount of adsorbed gas is measured to determine the surface area of the solid from the area occupied by each molecule.
- the measurement equipment and measurement conditions for the specific surface area measurement by the BET multipoint method were as follows. Measuring instrument: Quadruple specific surface area / pore distribution measuring device NOVA-4200e type (manufactured by Quantachrome) Gas used: Nitrogen gas refrigerant (temperature): Liquid nitrogen (77.35K) Pretreatment conditions: 110 ° C., 6 hours or more Vacuum degassing measurement Relative pressure: 0.05 ⁇ P / P0 ⁇ 0.3
- the surface area of the unmilled methanol water C crystal was only 0.172 m 2 / g, while the surface area of the unmilled acetonitrile C crystal was increased to 5.757 m 2 / g, and 33 The area increased 5 times.
- the unmilled methanol water C crystal had a problem that the dissolution rate in the second liquid for disintegration test in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia was 1/2 or less than that of the crystal A. Since the surface area is 33.5 times as large as that of the pulverized methanol water C crystal, it can be easily understood that it is excellent in elution.
- Example 23 Appearance of drug substance Unmilled acetonitrile C crystal obtained in Example 3, methanol water C crystal obtained in Example 4, acetonitrile C crystal obtained in Example 5 (milling pressure 3 kgf, supply pressure 4 kgf) ), A ball mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal, and an unground A crystal (see Example 12 and Example 16), an attempt was made to measure the angle of repose. there were. Therefore, instead of measuring the angle of repose, the appearance of each sample was visually observed.
- Unground pulverized methanol water C crystal (FIG. 34) was a fluffy fluffy bulk, and a needle-like crystal having a size exceeding 1 mm larger than the unground crushed A crystal could be visually confirmed.
- Uncrushed acetonitrile C crystal (FIG. 35) tends to form a slightly bulky lump, but is smaller than uncrushed methanol water C crystal and has a higher density than uncrushed methanol water C crystal. Met. A close look around the lump of unground crushed acetonitrile C crystals revealed small needle-like crystals.
- the jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal also tended to form a lump, but the structure that appeared to be a needle-like crystal was not visible, and when flattened with a plastic spoon, it flattened easily and fine fine particles were formed. I found that they were gathering together (Fig. 37).
- the ball mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal (FIG. 38) also tended to form a lump, but a needle-like structure was not visible, and it was smoothed with a plastic spoon as with the jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal. It was found that fine particles that were easily flattened and easily collapsed gathered together.
- the jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal (Fig. 36) and the ball mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal (Fig. 38) are lumps which are very easy to collapse in the photograph.
- the movement of the flour was very similar to that of cornstarch (Fig. 39) and potato starch (Fig. 40). It was confirmed that the jet mill pulverized product of crystal C of acetonitrile had excellent handling properties.
- Example 24 Identification of crystal form by 13 C solid state NMR
- the preparation containing crystal A (hereinafter referred to as “crystal A preparation”) and uncoated tablet containing unmilled acetonitrile C crystal prepared in Example 20 ( Hereinafter, the 13 C solid state NMR of “C crystal preparation”) was measured, and the A mill hammer mill pulverized product prepared in Example 12 (hereinafter referred to as “A crystal original”) and acetonitrile C crystal.
- a crystal original A mill hammer mill pulverized product prepared in Example 12
- C crystal stock 13 C solid NMR of the pulverized jet mill
- the crystal A preparation was prepared as follows. First, 20.0 g of commercially available crystal A (D50 19 ⁇ m; purchased from Beijing Lianben Pharma-chemicals Tech. Co., Ltd.), lactose hydrate 75.4 g, partial ⁇ 18.5 g of modified starch and 3.0 g of hydroxypropylcellulose were mixed using a mortar. Next, 36.6 g of purified water was added to the mixed powder and kneaded.
- the obtained wet granule was sized with No. 14 mesh and then dried by ventilation at 50 ° C. to obtain a granule.
- After the obtained granules were sized with No. 20 mesh, 116.9 g of sieved granules were mixed with 7.5 g of croscarmellose sodium and 0.6 g of magnesium stearate in a plastic bag to obtain granules for tableting. .
- the granules for tableting were tableted with a rotary tableting machine (VELA5, manufactured by Kikusui Seisakusho, tableting pressure 2500 kgf / cm2) to obtain an uncoated tablet with a weight of 125 mg and a diameter of 7 mm.
- the solid NMR was measured using a 13 C (100.5 MHz) nuclide, about 49 ⁇ l of each sample packed in a solid NMR sample tube having a diameter of 3.2 mm, and measured at room temperature at a rotation speed of 15 kHz. Measuring equipment and measuring conditions were as follows.
- the 13 C solid state NMR chart of the C crystal element and the C crystal preparation has a triplet peak substantially equivalent to about 20 ppm (see Reference Example 3 of Japanese Patent No. 4084309), while A Since these peaks were not present in the 13 C solid state NMR charts of the crystal original substance and the A crystal preparation, the crystal form in the tablet produced by wet granulation using the C crystal drug substance is C crystal. It was confirmed by 13 C solid state NMR that no crystal transition occurred.
- the 13 C solid NMR chart of the A crystal original and the A crystal preparation has a double peak substantially equivalent to about 19 ppm, while the 13 C solid NMR chart of the C crystal active substance and the C crystal preparation shows these peaks. Since no peak existed, it was confirmed by 13 C solid-state NMR that the crystal form in the tablet produced using the drug substance of crystal A remained crystal A and no crystal transition occurred.
- the A crystal existing in the 13 C solid NMR chart of the A crystal original and the A crystal preparation does not exist in the 13 C solid NMR chart of the C crystal active substance and the C crystal preparation.
- Characteristic peaks are about 19 ppm double peak, about 102 ppm single peak, about 120 ppm double peak, about 126 ppm double peak, about 130 ppm to about 132 ppm double peak, about 134 ppm double peak, about 162 ppm single peak , There is a single peak of about 168.5 ppm (with a shoulder on the right side), and it is easy to identify crystal A in the tablet using these peaks as a clue.
- Example 25 Observation by Raman microscope The crystal form, morphology and size of febuxostat C crystals in the tablet were observed using a Raman microscope.
- the Raman spectrum of each component used in the manufacture of febuxostat A crystal and trial tablet (MeCN) was confirmed using Renishaw's inVia Reflex / StreamLine.
- the crystal C can be distinguished from the crystal A and each additive by a peak of about 1695 shift / cm ⁇ 1 (FIGS. 42 and 43).
- the crystal A can be distinguished from the crystal C and each additive by the peaks of about 1450 shift / cm ⁇ 1 and about 1330 shift / cm ⁇ 1 (FIGS. 42 and 43).
- the Raman microscope measured Raman imaging using Renishaw's micro laser Raman spectrometer inVia Reflex / StreamLine. The measurement conditions were as follows. Excitation wavelength 785nm STline Laser output 50% (45mW / line) Exposure time 0.88 sec / line Grating 1200 l / mm Mapping area 1000x1000um (1.2umstep) Acquisition spectrum 695556 (5h45m) Objective lens X50 The surface of the prototype FC tablet (MeCN pulverized) (20 mg tablet) produced in Example 20 was cut and observed.
- FIG. 44 and FIG. 45 show Raman imaging images of C crystal and particle analysis results, respectively. From the microscopic image (FIG. 44), a large number of fine C crystal particles having a diameter of less than 10 ⁇ m were confirmed. Further, from the result of particle analysis (FIG. 45), it was confirmed that the majority of particles having a diameter of 5 ⁇ m or less (the bar adjacent to the X axis at the left end in FIG. 45) were found. In the case where a large number of C crystal particles are dense, it can be easily assumed that the image looks like a large particle only by the image, so most of the C crystal particles were considered to have a diameter of 5 ⁇ m or less. . Using a scanning electron microscope type Raman apparatus (for example, “Raman complex system SEM Raman” manufactured by Renishaw), it was considered that dense particles could be distinguished and observed.
- a scanning electron microscope type Raman apparatus for example, “Raman complex system SEM Raman” manufactured by Renishaw
- Example 26 Observation by confocal laser fluorescence microscope Since it is described in Non-Patent Document 9 that febuxostat can be observed with fluorescence at an excitation wavelength of 314 nm and a fluorescence wavelength of 390 nm, febuxostat actually contained in a tablet is described. It was verified whether the form and size of the drug substance could be observed.
- the confocal laser fluorescence microscope used was TCS-SP5 manufactured by Leica. Since it was known in a preliminary experiment that the sample emits fluorescence when excited with ultraviolet light, the fluorescence was observed using excitation light of 405 nm.
- excitation light having a single wavelength of 405 nm is generated using a semiconductor laser, so that an excitation filter is unnecessary.
- excitation light of 405 nm was generated using a small diode laser module manufactured by COHERENT.
- a Leica beam splitter designed exclusively for SP5 is used as a dichroic mirror function. Since TCS-SP5 scans the fluorescence wavelength by using a prism and a movable slider, the fluorescence wavelength can be freely set in units of 5 nm.
- the excitation wavelength 314 nm and the fluorescence wavelength 390 nm described in Non-Patent Document 9 for febuxostat are all in the ultraviolet wavelength region of 400 nm or less that is difficult to transmit through the lens. It is desirable to observe with more visible wavelength range light. In general, the excitation wavelength and fluorescence wavelength of a certain substance often have a certain width. Therefore, as a preliminary study prior to observation with a fluorescence microscope, first, each crystal is first set to 405 nm, which is just below the visible wavelength range. The fluorescence spectrum characteristics when excited with light were confirmed.
- a single optical tomographic image is irradiated with 405 nm excitation light (with an output level of 15, 25, or 35%) by ⁇ scan using TCS-SP5, and fluorescence is emitted at 410 nm.
- fluorescence is emitted at 410 nm.
- the image format was 512 ⁇ 512 pixels, the scan speed was 400 Hz, and signal averaging was performed in line mode 2.
- green fluorescence and red fluorescence were also measured.
- the excitation wavelength is 488 nm (power level 10%)
- fluorescence is acquired in the wavelength range of 500-550 nm
- the excitation wavelength is 543 nm (power level 40%)
- the fluorescence is 555-620 nm. Acquired in the wavelength range.
- the fluorescence detector a high sensitivity fluorescence detector HyD was used.
- the acquisition gain of HyD was set to 100% in all cases of blue fluorescence, green fluorescence, and red fluorescence.
- Z-stack is the maximum projection when observing the optical tomographic image at 2.5 ⁇ m, 1 ⁇ m, 0.5 ⁇ m, or 0.5 ⁇ m, respectively, when the objective lens is 20 times, 25 times, 63 times, and 100 times. Went by law.
- the scan speed was 200 Hz, and signal averaging was performed in line mode 3.
- the image format was 512 ⁇ 512 pixels or 1024 ⁇ 1024 pixels.
- the scanning speed was 10 Hz, and signal averaging was performed in line mode 1. As a result, it was confirmed that almost no fluorescence was observed in green fluorescence and red fluorescence.
- a prototype tablet (hereinafter referred to as “MeCN-C uncoated tablet”) prepared using unground pulverized acetonitrile C crystals was prepared as follows. First, 50.0 g of unmilled acetonitrile C crystals, 183.8 g of lactose hydrate, 37.5 g of partially pregelatinized starch, 7.5 g of hydroxypropyl cellulose, and 31.3 g of croscarmellose sodium were mixed using a mortar. . Next, 93 g of purified water was added to the mixed powder and kneaded. The obtained wet granules were sized with No. 8 mesh and then dried by ventilation at 50 ° C. to obtain granules.
- a trial tablet (hereinafter referred to as “crushed MeCN-C uncoated tablet”) produced using a jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal was produced as follows. First, 70.0 g of a jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal, 263.9 g of lactose hydrate, 64.8 g of partially pregelatinized starch, and 10.5 g of hydroxypropyl cellulose were mixed with stirring and granulating apparatus (VG-5, manufactured by Paulec) Were mixed together. Next, 102 g of purified water was added to the mixed powder and kneaded.
- stirring and granulating apparatus VG-5, manufactured by Paulec
- the obtained wet granules were sized using a wet dry sizing machine (QC-197s, manufactured by POWREC) ⁇ 4.75 mm, and then dried by ventilation at 50 ° C. to obtain granules.
- a wet dry sizing machine QC-197s, manufactured by Paulek
- 11.9 g of croscarmellose sodium was mixed with 185 g of sieved granules in a plastic bag, and then stearic acid 1 g of magnesium was mixed in a plastic bag to obtain granules for tableting.
- the granules for tableting were tableted with a rotary tableting machine (VELA5, manufactured by Kikusui Seisakusho, tableting pressure 2500 kgf / cm2) to obtain a 7 mm diameter ground MeCN-C uncoated tablet.
- the weight of the ground MeCN-C uncoated tablet was 125 mg.
- the placebo tablet was produced as follows. First, 333.9 g of lactose hydrate, 64.8 g of partially pregelatinized starch, and 10.5 g of hydroxypropylcellulose were mixed using a stirring and mixing granulator (VG-5, manufactured by Paulek). Next, 102 g of purified water was added to the mixed powder and kneaded. The obtained wet granules were sized using a wet dry sizing machine (QC-197s, manufactured by POWREC) ⁇ 4.75 mm, and then dried by ventilation at 50 ° C. to obtain granules.
- VG-5 stirring and mixing granulator
- purified water was added to the mixed powder and kneaded.
- the obtained wet granules were sized using a wet dry sizing machine (QC-197s, manufactured by POWREC) ⁇ 4.75 mm, and then dried by ventilation at 50 ° C. to obtain granules.
- croscarmellose sodium was mixed with 185 g of sieved granules in a plastic bag, and then 1 g of magnesium stearate was mixed with the plastic bag.
- Granules for tableting were obtained.
- the granules for tableting were tableted with a rotary tableting machine (VELA5, manufactured by Kikusui Seisakusho, tableting pressure 2500 kgf / cm2) to obtain a 7 mm diameter placebo tablet.
- the weight of the placebo tablet was 125 mg.
- Table 14 shows the formulations of MeCN-C uncoated tablets, ground MeCN-C uncoated tablets, and placebo tablets.
- each crystal and additive were used in the experiment as they were.
- the tablet sample was smashed with a mallet several times (5 to 7 times) in a state of being wrapped in medicine wrapping paper, and the tablet was crushed and used as a coarsely pulverized product in the experiment.
- Observation was carried out by placing a small amount of each crystal, additive, and coarsely pulverized tablet on a slide glass (manufactured by MATSUNAMI), and observing with a confocal laser fluorescence microscope (manufactured by Leica, TCS SP5).
- FIG. 47 With respect to the unmilled acetonitrile C crystal, a fluorescence image and a differential interference image having the same shape and size as those in the scanning electron micrographs of FIGS. 20 to 22 were observed (FIG. 47).
- the crystal in the upper right of the left figure in FIG. 47 is a needle-like crystal having a major axis length of about 82 ⁇ m. This is because a large crystal was selected and photographed in order to show the shape easily.
- a large number of needle-like crystals having a major axis length of about 10 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m were observed, as in the crystal near the center in the left diagram of FIG.
- the fluorescence was particularly strong at the end of the needle crystal. Moreover, it turned out that it was a needle-like crystal raised from the fluorescence image.
- FIG. 48 Jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal
- a fluorescence image and a differential interference image having the same shape and size as those in the scanning electron micrographs of FIGS. 23 to 25 were observed (FIG. 48).
- Particles emitting fluorescence with a diameter of about 3 ⁇ m were confirmed at the tip of the arrow.
- a phosphor having a diameter of about 17 ⁇ m is observed near the center of the fluorescent image on the left in FIG. 48, but in reality, it is a structure in which a large number of fluorescent particles having a diameter of about 3 ⁇ m are gathered.
- FIGS. 48 In the scanning electron micrographs of FIGS.
- the image is the same as a large number of particles having a diameter of about 3 ⁇ m gathered together.
- the outline is blurred because it emits fluorescence, and it looks like a phosphor with a diameter of about 17 ⁇ m.
- many tomographic images are acquired from the front of the screen to the back. Following the tomographic image, it was confirmed that the phosphor having a diameter of about 17 ⁇ m was actually a particle emitting fluorescence having a diameter of about 3 ⁇ m.
- Prototype tablet produced using unmilled acetonitrile C crystals In the trial tablet produced using unmilled acetonitrile C crystals, a large number of fluorescent particles having a diameter of about 5 ⁇ m were observed (FIG. 51 left). ). In contrast to the differential interference image, it was found that particles emitting fluorescence having a negative diameter of about 5 ⁇ m were observed in the state of being attached to the periphery of an object having a diameter of about 20 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m that does not emit fluorescence that seems to be an additive.
- Prototype tablet produced using jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal (FIGS. 52 and 53)
- the trial tablet produced using a jet mill pulverized product of acetonitrile C crystal a large number of particles having a substantially uniform size with a diameter of about 2 to 3 ⁇ m were observed (FIG. 52 left, FIG. 53 left).
- fluorescent particles with a diameter of around 2 to 3 ⁇ m are observed in the state of adhering around the non-fluorescent object that seems to be an additive with a short diameter of 20 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m and a long diameter of about 50 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m. I found out.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Thiazole And Isothizaole Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
なお、同公報において錠剤の製造に用いているA晶は、衝撃式粉砕機であるサンプルミル又はインパクトミルを用いた粉砕物である(同特許公報の表7の粒子2及び3、並びに表3)。
また、メタノールと水の混合溶媒から晶出させたC晶よりも柱状晶の長軸の長さが少なくとも5分の1以下である、より小さな結晶であることを見出した。すなわち、従来知られていたメタノールと水の混合溶媒中から晶出したC晶は、長軸の長さが1000μmを超える柱状結晶であるのに対して(図11、図17~図19)、驚くべきことに、アセトニトリルから晶出させたC晶は、平均粒径20.483μm、200μm以下の粒度分布に収まる柱状結晶からなることがわかった(図12、図20~図22)。一般に、同じ体積の立体を縮尺N分の1の小さい立体に分けた場合の表面積がN倍になることを考えれば、アセトニトリルから晶出させたC晶の長さは、メタノールと水の混合溶媒中から晶出したC晶の長さの少なくとも5分の1以下であることから、その比表面積は5倍以上であると考えられるので、単純に考えれば少なくとも5倍以上の溶出速度を有することが期待できる。
また、回折角2θは照射する放射光の波長λによって変わるが、放射光の波長λと回折角2θの間には、ブラッグの式(nλ=2dsin(θ))の関係が成立する。なお、ここで、dは結晶面の間隔、θは結晶面とX線が成す角度、λはX線の波長、nは整数である。したがって、放射光の波長λと回折角2θは一対一に対応し、相互に一意に変換可能である。すなわち、ある放射光の波長λ1を照射したときにA1の回折角が観察されるのであれば、異なる波長の波長λ2を照射したときに観察されるべき回折角A2を計算で求めることができる。
また、あるいは、フェブキソスタットのC晶は、固体15N−NMRにおいて、210ppm及び282ppmに鋭いシングルピークを有する結晶形として、または、固体13C−NMRにおいて、約20ppmにほぼ等価なトリプレットピークを有する結晶形として当業者が容易に特定可能な物質である(特許第4084309号公報の参考例3を参照)。
このようにして得たフェブキソスタットの小型化C晶又はその微粉化物を固形成分の有効成分として用いることにより、長期にわたり安定で、かつ溶出速度が顕著に改善し、溶出特性にばらつきを生じない固形製剤を提供することができる。
なお、フェブキソスタットの含有量は、重量で特定することができるが、粒子の重量は粒子の体積または粒子数に応じて定まることから、フェブキソスタット粒子の体積または粒子数で特定しても良い。フェブキソスタット粒子の体積及び粒子数は蛍光顕微鏡写真や顕微ラマン画像から算出することができる。したがって、小型化C晶又はC晶の微粉化物の含有量は、蛍光顕微鏡写真や顕微ラマン画像から算出して決定することができる。
(1)フェブキソスタット試料を示差走査熱量測定する工程、
(2)150℃以下の領域に現れる発熱ピークの発熱ピーク量(J/g)を定量する工程、
(3)次式:y=6.0675x のxに前記工程(2)で得られた値を代入してフェブキソスタット試料中の非晶質体の含有率yを算出する工程、
ただし、ここで、式中、xは示差走査熱量測定における150℃以下の発熱ピーク量(J/g)を表し、yは非晶質体の含有率(質量%)を表す。
本発明のフェブキソスタット試料中の非晶質体の含有率を測定する方法で用いられる式における定数は、測定条件及び定量方法によって適宜変更して用いることができる。
2−[3−ホルミル−4−(2−メチルプロポキシ)フェニル]−4−メチルチアゾール−5−カルボン酸エチル(10.0g,28.8mmol)を90%ギ酸(70ml)に懸濁後、塩酸ヒドロキシルアミン(2.41g,34.7mmol)及びギ酸ナトリウム(3.14g,46.2mmol)を加え、4時間加熱還流した。水を加え、析出した結晶をろ取後、水で洗浄し、表題化合物の粗結晶(ウェット状態)を得た。この粗結晶をメタノールに懸濁させ、室温で撹拌後、結晶をろ取し、メタノールで洗浄した。更に得られた結晶をジクロロメタンに溶出し、不溶物をろ過後、メタノールを加え撹拌した。析出した結晶をろ取し、メタノールで洗浄後、室温で減圧乾燥して表題化合物(8.31g,収率83.9%)を白色結晶性粉末として得た。
検出器:紫外線吸光光度計(測定波長:320nm)
カラム:L−column ODS4.6×250mm
移動相:56mM KH2PO4/アセトニトリル=1/3
流量:1ml/min
カラム温度:40℃
例1で得たフェブキソスタットエチルエステル(8.00g,23.2mmol)をエタノール(32ml)及びテトラヒドロフラン(32ml)の混合溶液に懸濁後、水酸化カリウム(1.84g,27.9mmol)の水(1.84ml)/エタノール(16ml)溶液を加え、50℃で3.5時間加熱撹拌した。水を加え、不溶物をろ過後、ろ液に1mol/L塩酸を加えた。析出した結晶をろ取し、水で洗浄後、40℃で一晩減圧乾燥した。表題化合物の湿結晶7.90g(理論収量7.77g)を得た。粉末X線回折スペクトルを測定して、この結晶がG晶であることを確認した(図1)。
上述のG晶の一部を採取して、これにC晶の種晶(Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan,35,pp.1116−1122,2002の「2.3.Crystallization」の項に記載された結晶化方法により製造して粉末X線回折スペクトル及び赤外吸収スペクトルにより同定したもの、19.5mg)を添加し、アセトニトリル(117ml)を加え、更にC晶の種晶(19.5mg)を追加した。室温で一晩撹拌後、結晶をろ取し、アセトニトリルで洗浄した。得られた結晶を一晩風乾後、80℃で48時間減圧乾燥して表題化合物のC晶(6.69g,収率91%)を白色結晶性粉末として得た(以下、このC晶を「アセトニトリルC晶」と呼ぶ)。
フェブキソスタットのG晶(20.0g)をメタノール/水(1050ml/450ml)に懸濁後、フェブキソスタットのC晶の種晶(50mg)を加え、50℃で12時間加熱撹拌した。室温まで放冷後、析出物を濾過し、80℃で16時間減圧乾燥した。得られた粉末は粉末X線回折スペクトル、赤外分光スペクトルよりフェブキソスタットのC晶であることを確認した(以下、このC晶を「メタノール水C晶」と呼ぶ)。
例3で得たアセトニトリルC晶(190g)をジェットミル(100型/パウレック社製)で粉砕した。粉砕圧力1kgf・供給圧力2kgf、粉砕圧力2kgf・供給圧力3kgf及び粉砕圧力3kgf・供給圧力4kgfのいずれの条件でも良好に微粉化された。
試料約100mgを標準的試料ホルダーに緩く詰め込み、スライドガラスで平滑にし、ブルカーエイエックスエス(Bruker AXS)卓上型X線回折装置D2 PHASER(CuKα放射線)を用いて回折パターンを測定した。回折パターンを管電圧=30kV、管電流=10mA、ロックドカップル走査(locked−couple scan)、スリット0.6mm、スキャッター0.5mm、2θ範囲=4から40°、ステップサイズ=0.02°、及びステップ時間=0.5秒として収集した。DIFFRAC.SUITE version2 2.2.59.0及びDUFFRAC.EVA version2.1の各ソフトウェアをデータ収集及び分析のために用いた。
試料約2mgをメノウ鉢で粉末とし、これに赤外吸収スペクトル用臭化カリウム0.20gを加え、速やかにすり混ぜた後、錠剤成型器に入れて加圧製錠し、堀場(HORIBA)フーリエ変換赤外分光光度計FT−720を用いて赤外吸収スペクトルを測定した。スペクトルはスキャン回数=10、走査速度=2.5、分解能=4、測定範囲=400から4000cm−1として収集した。HORIBA FT−IR for Windows(登録商標)version4.07ソフトウェアをデータ収集及び分析のために用いた。
試料約2mgを試料容器(アルミニウム製、φ5×2.5mm、50μL)に充てんし、リガク(Rigaku)Therm plus EVOシリーズ高感度示差走査熱量計DSC8230を用いて、加熱速度10℃/分、大気圧下で示差走査熱量(DSC)を測定した。Rigaku Thermo plus EVO version1.006−6ソフトウェアをデータ収集及び分析のために用いた。
示差走査熱量スペクトルを測定した結果を図9、図8及び図10に示す。例4で得た未粉砕のメタノール水C晶(図8)、例3で得た未粉砕のアセトニトリルC晶(図9)、例5で得たジェットミル粉砕(粉砕圧力3kgf、供給圧力4kgf)後のアセトニトリルC晶(図10)のいずれも、約201℃~約202℃に単一ピークを示したことから、他の結晶形や非晶質体の混入は認められなかった。例4で得た未粉砕のメタノール水C晶についても同様に、約201℃~約202℃に単一ピークを示し、他の結晶形や非晶質体の混入は認められなかった。
試料約2mgを0.2% Aerosol OTを含むn−ヘキサンに添加し、30秒間超音波を照射して分散した。この分散液を用いて、島津(Shimadzu)レーザ回折式粒子径分布測定装置SALD‐2200により粒度分布(D50及びD90)を測定した。Shimadzu WingSALD−2200version1.02ソフトウェアをデータ収集及び分析のために用いた。
図11は、未粉砕のメタノール水C晶の粒度分布を示す図およびデータである。未粉砕のアセトニトリルC晶のD50は36.819μm、D90は133.348μmであった。
図12は、未粉砕のアセトニトリルC晶の粒度分布を示す図およびデータである。未粉砕のアセトニトリルC晶のD50は20.483μm、D90は73.755μmであった。
例3で得られたアセトニトリルC晶の未粉砕物(5g)を磁製乳鉢(直径13cm)、磁製乳棒(長さ15cm、重量154g)で強く粉砕し、経時的に粉砕物のサンプリングを行い、示差走査熱量測定および粒度分布を測定した(表3)。
示差走査熱量測定の結果、乳鉢で粉砕すると、10分後には約210℃に吸熱ピークが現れることから、C晶以外の結晶形への転移が認められた。また、30分後には、150℃以下に発熱ピークが現れたことから、非晶質体の混入も確認された。さらに、30分間にわたって乳鉢粉砕したアセトニトリルC晶の粒度は、10分間にわたって乳鉢粉砕したアセトニトリルC晶の粒度に比べて、明らかに粒子径が増大していた。メノウ乳鉢およびメノウ乳棒によって粉砕を行っても同様の結果が得られた。
例3で得られたアセトニトリルC晶の未粉砕物(15g)を遊星ボールミル(PM100/Retsch社製:125ml容器/20mmボール6個/回転数400rpm)で粉砕し、経時的に粉砕物のサンプリングを行い、示差走査熱量測定および粒度分布を測定した(表4)。
示差走査熱量測定の結果、ボールミル粉砕すると約210℃の吸熱ピークは30分後~60分後で最大になったこと、及び、150℃以下に現れる発熱ピークは60分間の間、ボールミルによる粉砕時間に依存して増え続けたこと、及び、60分後にはC晶に特徴的な約201℃~約202℃付近に現れる吸熱ピークが消失することから、ボールミル粉砕によって、C晶が消失して非晶質体化したことが確認できた。さらに、粒度分布もボールミルによる粉砕時間に依存して増大し続けたことがわかった。なお、以下、60分間ボールミルで粉砕したアセトニトリルC晶を「アセトニトリルC晶のボールミル粉砕物」ということにする。
アセトニトリルC晶のボールミル粉砕物の示差走査熱量測定スペクトル(表4、図16)では、C晶に特徴的な約201℃~約203℃の吸熱ピークが消失しているとともに、84.5℃付近に発熱ピークがあることから、C晶が消失していること及び非晶質が生じていることがわかった。また、粉末X線回折スペクトル(図14)は明らかに平坦化した非晶質体に特徴的なスペクトルを示していた。これらの結果から、アセトニトリルC晶を60分間ボールミル粉砕した粉砕物の粉末は、実質的に非晶質体のみからなると考えられた。
実施例1のC晶(15g)を、ハンマーの高速回転による衝撃で粉砕を行うサンプルミル(SM−1/アズワン社製)で粉砕し、経時的に粉砕物のサンプリングを行い、示差走査熱量測定および粒度分布を測定した(表5)。
示差走査熱量測定の結果、サンプルミル粉砕によって150℃以下の発熱ピークは生じなかったものの、アセトニトリルC晶が有さない約210℃の吸熱ピークは粉砕時間に依存して増大し続け240分後には−44.106J/gに達したことから、サンプルミル粉砕によって、他の結晶形への転移が進行したことがわかった。さらに、粒度分布も、未粉砕のアセトニトリルC晶のD50(20.483μm)及びD90(73.755μm)に比べて細かくはなったものの、サンプルミル粉砕を240分間行った後の粒度分布は、D50で11.281μm、D90で29.768μmに過ぎず、D50が60分後、120分後、240分後でほぼ同じであったことから、サンプルミル粉砕による微粉化の程度には限界があることがわかった。
非晶質体の定量法の確立のためのフェブキソスタットの非晶質体の標品として、例11でアセトニトリルC晶をボールミルで60分間粉砕して得られたものを用いた。
アセトニトリルC晶のジェットミル粉砕物(粉砕圧力3kgf・供給圧力4kgf)に、1、2.5、5、10、25、及び50%相当量の非晶質体(C晶を遊星ボールミルで60分間粉砕して調製したもの)を添加して総量約200mgとし、袋混合した調製物について示差走査熱量測定における挙動変化を測定した。
日立製の電子顕微鏡(TM3000 Miniscope/HITACHI)を用いて例3、例4、例5で得た各結晶の走査電子顕微鏡写真を撮影した。
例4で得たメタノール水C晶(未粉砕)の走査電子顕微鏡写真を撮影したところ、柱状晶であり、柱の柱径は約20μm前後、柱の長さは1000μmを超えることが確認できた。その代表的な写真を図17~図19に示す。一部の結晶は、より細い柱状晶が寄り添っているように観察されることから、裂けやすい柱状晶であることが窺える。なお、図17の写真の倍率は100倍、図18及び図19の写真の倍率は80倍である。図17~図19の電子顕微鏡写真の下の横棒は1mm(1000μm)の縮尺を示し、横棒の上の目盛は0.1mm(100μm)の間隔を示す。
未粉砕のアセトニトリルC晶、アセトニトリルC晶のジェットミル粉砕物(粉砕圧力3kgf・供給圧力4kgf)の夫々について、走査電子顕微鏡写真に写っている結晶の長さを測定した。未粉砕のアセトニトリルC晶は柱状晶であるので、柱の長さを測定した。一方、アセトニトリルC晶のジェットミル粉砕物は粒状であるので、長径の長さを測定した。測定した結晶の数は、各群430個である。その結果を表7に示す。未粉砕のアセトニトリルC晶の長径の長さの平均値は17.32μmであるのに対して、アセトニトリルC晶のジェットミル粉砕物の長径の平均値は2.96μmであり、未粉砕のアセトニトリルC晶の長径の長さの平均値の約17%の長さになっていた。なお、粉砕していないメタノール水C晶の長径の長さについては、統計解析可能な個数の結晶の長さを測定してはいないものの、図17~図19の電子顕微鏡写真には1mmを超える長さの柱状晶が多数観察されることから、少なくとも、未粉砕のアセトニトリルC晶の長さの5倍以上、おそらくは10倍以上の平均長を有することは明らかと考えられた。
例3で得た未粉砕のアセトニトリルC晶、例4で得たメタノール水C晶、例5で得たアセトニトリルC晶のジェットミル粉砕物(粉砕圧力3kgf・供給圧力4kgf)、市販のA晶(D50 19μm;北京連本医薬化学技術有限公司/Beijing Lianben Pharm−chemicals Tech.Co.,Ltd.から購入したもの)、前記の市販のA晶を例12と同様にハンマーミル(大徳薬機製、DF−15)で粉砕した試料の夫々について、定容量法によって、かさ密度及びタップ密度を測定した。かさ密度及びタップ密度は以下の方法で求めた。
定容量法による嵩密度は、次式により計算した。
定容量法による嵩密度(g/ml)=(MT1−M0)/V
ここで、式の右辺の変数は、次のとおりである。
MT1: タップ前の紛体と測定用容器の合計質量(g)
M0: 測定用容器の質量(g)
V: 測定用容器の容量(ml)
定容量法によるタップ密度は、次式により計算した。
定容量法によるタップ密度(g/ml)=(MT2−M0)/V
ここで、式の右辺の変数は、次のとおりである。
MT2: タップ後の紛体と測定用容器の合計質量(g)
M0: 測定用容器の質量(g)
V: 測定用容器の容量(ml)
かさ比重測定器(容量25ml、JIS Z 2504/筒井理化学器械)の重量(M0)を測定後、測定器の上部から、測定器内にあふれるまで結晶を入れ、測定器内が結晶で十分に満たされたのを確認後、測定器上部に堆積した過剰量の結晶をスパーテルで擦りきり、全体の重量(MT1)を量った。
この測定器を手で30回程度タッピングし、再び測定器上部からあふれるまで結晶を入れる。この工程を数回繰り返し、測定器内が結晶で十分に満たされたのを確認後、スパーテルで擦りきり、全体の質量(MT2)を量った。
これらの変数を上記の式に与えて定容量法による嵩密度及び定容量法によるタップ密度を算出した(表8)。
例3で得た未粉砕のアセトニトリルC晶のタップ密度は、例4で得た未粉砕のメタノール水C晶のタップ密度と比べて3.1倍高かった。また、例3で得た未粉砕のアセトニトリルC晶のタップ密度は、市販のA晶のタップ密度と比べて2.4倍高かった。
例5で得たアセトニトリルC晶のジェットミル粉砕物(粉砕圧力3kgf・供給圧力4kgf)の溶解速度を例3で得た未粉砕のアセトニトリルC晶及び市販のA晶(D50=19μm;Beijing Lianben Pharm−chemicals Tech.Co.,Ltd./北京連本医薬化学技術有限公司より購入)と比較した。なお、例3で得た未粉砕のアセトニトリルC晶は、目開き16メッシュの篩過品を用いた。試料100mg及びマグネット撹拌子(スターラーバー)を200mlのコニカルビーカーに入れ、溶出試験第1液(pH1.2)、pH5.5のMcllvaine緩衝液、溶出試験第2液(pH6.8)、及び水をそれぞれ100mlを加え、ヤマト科学(Yamato)製マグミキサーM−41を用い、毎分500回転で撹拌した。経時的に試験液の一部を採取し、フィルターでろ過して試料溶液とし、標準溶液に対して吸光度測定法(測定波長317nm)により試験した。
これらの結果から、溶出試験第1液(pH1.2)、pH5.5のMcIlvaine緩衝液、溶出試験第2液(pH6.8)、及び水のいずれに対しても、アセトニトリルC晶のジェットミル粉砕物は、市販のA晶と同等か市販のA晶以上の溶解速度を示す優れた原薬であることがわかった。
例5で得たアセトニトリルC晶のジェットミル粉砕物(粉砕圧力3kgf・供給圧力4kgf)を用いて特許4084309号明細書の実施例1の処方に従って錠剤を製造した。例3で得た未粉砕C晶(目開き16メッシュの篩過品)又はA晶(D50=19μm,Beijing Lianben Pharm−chemicals Tech.Co.,Ltd./北京連本医薬化学技術有限公司より購入)を用いて同様に錠剤を製造して溶出プロファイルを比較した。各結晶50.0g、乳糖水和物(SuperTab 11SD、DFE Pharma製)183.8g、部分アルファー化デンプン(PC−10、旭化成ケミカルズ製)37.5g、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(HPC−SL、日本曹達製)7.5g、クロスカルメロースナトリウム(ND−200、旭化成ケミカルズ製)31.3gを乳鉢を使用して混合した。精製水93gを混合末に加えて練合した。得られた湿潤顆粒を8号メッシュで整粒した後、50℃で通風乾燥させ、顆粒を得た。得られた顆粒を22号メッシュで整粒した後、篩過顆粒290gにステアリン酸マグネシウム(太平化学産業製)9.4gをポリ袋にて混合し、打錠用顆粒を得た。この打錠用顆粒をロータリー式打錠機(VELA5、菊水製作所製、打錠圧2500kgf/cm2)で打錠し7mm径の錠剤を得た。
例5で得たアセトニトリルC晶のジェットミル粉砕物(粉砕圧力3kgf、供給圧力4kgf)を褐色ガラス瓶(蓋はポリエチレンの中蓋が付いたポリプロピレン製。)または厚さ0.04mmのポリエチレン袋に入れて密封し、長期保存試験(25℃±2℃/60%RH±5%)、および、加速試験(40℃±2℃/75%RH±5%)の各条件下での安定性を検討した。 安定性の測定は、乾燥減量、HPLCによる純度試験および粉末X線回折を測定することにより行った。
乾燥減量とは、文字通り、乾燥による重量変化の試験である。乾燥減量の測定は、アセトニトリルC晶1グラムを長期保存試験条件で3ヶ月保存した場合と、加速試験条件で1ヶ月および3ヶ月保存した場合の夫々について、その乾燥減量測定した。測定は、乾燥機(IKEDA RIKA AUTOMATIC OVEN DEK)を用いて105℃で2時間乾燥させたときの質量を天秤にて測定することにより行った。
表9に示すように、3ヶ月までの加速試験と長期保存試験において、問題となるレベルの乾燥減量は観察されなかった。
HPLCによる純度試験は、長期保存試験条件で3ヶ月および6ヶ月保存した場合と、加速試験条件で1ヶ月、3ヶ月および6ヶ月保存した場合について測定した。
まず、測定試料10mgを移動相25mLに溶かし、試料溶液とした。この試料溶液を1mL分取し、移動相を加えて200mLとし、標準溶液とした。試料溶液及び標準溶液、10μLずつを正確とり、次の条件で液体クロマトグラフィーにより試験を行った。試料溶液中のフェブキソスタットのピーク面積と、類縁物質のピーク面積の比により純度を算出した。長期保存条件下においても(図28)、加速条件下においても(図29)、6ヶ月の保存期間中、不純物の総量はフェブキソスタットの約0.05%で一定しており、不純物の総量の変化は見られなかった。同様に、個々の不純物の中で最もピーク面積の大きな不純物(保持時間2.6min)は、長期保存条件下においても、加速条件下においても、6ヶ月の保存期間中、約0.035%で一定しており、最も多く含まれる不純物の量に変化は見られなかった。このように、長期保存条件および加速条件の夫々において、アセトニトリルC晶のジェットミル粉砕物中に不純物の増加は認められなかった。
検出器:紫外吸光光度計(測定波長:320nm)
カラム:内径4.6mm、長さ15cmのステンレス管に粒子径5μmのオクタデシルシリル化シリカゲルが充填された市販のカラムを用いた。
カラム温度:40℃
移動相:アセトニトリル/pH2.0の0.1mol/Lリン酸二水素カリウム液を2倍に希釈した液=13/7
流量:フェブキソスタットの保持時間が約5分になるように調整する(約1mL/min)。
面積測定範囲:フェブキソスタットの保持時間の約6倍の範囲
SHIMADZU 高速液体クロマトグラフ装置
ポンプ :LC−20AD
オートサンプラー :SIL−20ACHT
UV検出器 :SPD−M20A
カラムオーブン :CTO−20AC
デガッサ :DGU−20A3R
粉末X線回折は、アセトニトリルC晶のジェットミル粉砕物をポリエチレン袋中に密封した試料、および、同じ試料を褐色ガラス瓶に入れた試料の夫々について、長期保存試験条件と加速試験条件の夫々について3ヶ月保存したサンプルを測定した。測定方法は、例6と同様であった。
図30に示すように、ポリエチレン袋中に密封して加速条件下で3ヶ月保存した場合、褐色ガラス瓶に入れて加速条件下で3ヶ月保存した場合、ポリエチレン袋中に密封して長期保存下で3ヶ月保存した場合、褐色ガラス瓶に入れて長期保存条件下で3ヶ月保存した場合、のいずれも、粉末X線回折チャートにおけるピークの位置及び強度に変化はないことから、保存期間中に結晶形に変化はなかったことが確認できた。
例5で得たアセトニトリルC晶のジェットミル粉砕物(粉砕圧力3kgf、供給圧力4kgf)を用いて20mgのフェブキソスタットを含有する素錠(以下、「試作素錠(MeCN粉砕)」という。)とフィルムコーティング錠(以下、「試作FC錠(MeCN粉砕)」という。)を作製し、夫々について、加速試験(40℃±2℃/75%RH±5%)、および、苛酷試験(60℃±2℃/湿度コントロールなし)の各条件下での安定性を検討した。測定項目としては、硬度、重量、溶出性及び純度を測定した。なお、比較のため、FC錠である市販のF錠(10mg錠:ロット番号5051及び5049、20mg錠:ロット番号6062及び6056、40mg錠:ロット番号8016)についても同じ測定を行った。
試作素錠(MeCN粉砕)(20mg錠)、試作FC錠(MeCN粉砕)(20mg錠)、F錠(10mg錠、20mg錠、40mg錠)の夫々について、長期保存条件(3ヶ月、6ヶ月)、加速条件(1ヶ月、3ヶ月、6ヶ月)及び苛酷条件(1ヶ月、3ヶ月)で保存した後の硬度をOKADA SEIKO PC−30を用いて測定し、測定開始時の硬度と比較した(表10)。ただし、表中、「−」と表示されている条件での測定は行っていない。試作素錠(MeCN粉砕)も、試作FC錠(MeCN粉砕)も、F錠に対して遜色ない十分な硬度を有し、保存による硬度の低下は見られなかった。
試作素錠(MeCN粉砕)(20mg錠)、試作FC錠(MeCN粉砕)(20mg錠)、F錠(10mg錠、20mg錠、40mg錠)の夫々について、長期保存条件(3ヶ月、6ヶ月)、加速条件(1ヶ月、3ヶ月、6ヶ月)及び苛酷条件(1ヶ月、3ヶ月)で保存した後の重量の変化を測定し、測定開始時の重量と比較した(表11)。ただし、表中、「−」と表示されている条件での測定は行っていない。試作素錠(MeCN粉砕)も、試作FC錠(MeCN粉砕)も、F錠と同様に、重量の変化は3%未満であり、保存期間中を通じて問題となるレベルの重量変化は認められなかった。
試作素錠(MeCN粉砕)(20mg錠)、試作FC錠(MeCN粉砕)(20mg錠)、F錠(10mg錠、20mg錠、40mg錠)の夫々について、長期保存条件(3ヶ月、6ヶ月)、加速条件(1ヶ月、3ヶ月、6ヶ月)及び苛酷条件(1ヶ月、3ヶ月)で保存した後に、日本薬局方の溶出試験第2液(pH6.8)中でパドル速度50rpmで30分間撹拌した後の溶出率を、紫外可視分光光度計を用いて測定し、測定開始時の溶出率と比較した(表12)。ただし、表中、「−」と表示されている条件での測定は行っていない。試作素錠(MeCN粉砕)も、試作FC錠(MeCN粉砕)も、F錠と同様に、94%以上の溶出率が保たれており、保存期間中を通じて問題となるレベルの溶出率の変化は認められなかった。
試作素錠(MeCN粉砕)(20mg錠)、試作FC錠(MeCN粉砕)(20mg錠)、F錠(10mg錠、20mg錠、40mg錠)の夫々について、加速条件(1ヶ月、3ヶ月)及び苛酷条件(1ヶ月、3ヶ月)で保存した後に、例19の純度試験と同様の方法で不純物の量を経時的に測定した(図31、図32)。ただし、F錠(10mg錠、20mg錠、40mg錠)については、加速条件下でのみ6ヶ月まで測定した。なお、錠剤からの抽出は、1錠を取り原薬10mgに対して移動相25mL相当量に溶解分散し、試料溶液とした。この試料溶液を1mL分取し、移動相を加えて200mLとし、標準溶液とした.加速条件下においても(図31)、苛酷条件下においても(図32)、試作素錠(MeCN粉砕)、試作FC錠(MeCN粉砕)ともに、F錠と同様に、3ヶ月の保存期間中、不純物の総量はフェブキソスタットの総量の0.1%以下であり、不純物の総量の変化は見られなかった。同様に、個々の不純物の中で最もピーク面積の大きな不純物(保持時間2.6min)は、加速条件下においても、苛酷条件下においても、3ヶ月の保存期間中、0.040%未満の水準で一定しており、最も多く含まれる不純物の量に変化は見られなかった。このように、加速条件および苛酷条件の夫々において、試作素錠(MeCN粉砕)(20mg錠)及び試作FC錠(MeCN粉砕)(20mg錠)に含まれる不純物の増加は認められなかった。
例20で作製した試作FC錠(MeCN粉砕)(20mg錠)について、日本薬局方の溶出試験第1液(pH1.2)、McIlvain緩衝液(pH5.0)、溶出試験第2液(pH6.8)、精製水に対する溶出試験を行って、F錠(20mg錠)の溶出特性と対比した(図33)。なお、溶出試験方法は例18と同様の方法で行った。
いずれの条件においても、アセトニトリルC晶のジェットミル粉砕物を用いて作製した試作FC錠(MeCN粉砕)(20mg錠)の試験液への溶出率は、F錠(20mg錠)の溶出率とほぼ同じか若干上回っており、良好な溶出特性を示した(図33)。
例3で得た未粉砕のアセトニトリルC晶、例4で得たメタノール水C晶、例5で得たアセトニトリルC晶のジェットミル粉砕物(粉砕圧力3kgf・供給圧力4kgf)、例12で調製したA晶のハンマーミル粉砕物の夫々について、BET多点法を用いて比表面積を測定した。BET法は、低温において窒素やクリプトンなどの気体を固体の表面に単分子層で吸着させ、その吸着気体量を測定して夫々の分子の占める面積から固体の表面積を求める方法である。
測定機器: 4連式比表面積・細孔分布測定装置 NOVA−4200e型(Quantachrome社製)
使用ガス: 窒素ガス
冷媒(温度): 液体窒素(77.35K)
前処理条件: 110℃、6Hr以上真空脱気
測定相対圧力: 0.05<P/P0<0.3
そして、さらにこれをジェットミル粉砕することにより、表面積は9.001m2/gに増加し、未粉砕のアセトニトリルC晶の表面積の1.6倍に表面積が増加した。未粉砕のメタノール水C晶とアセトニトリルC晶のジェットミル粉砕物の表面積を対比すると、表面積は実に52.3倍に表面積が増加していた。アセトニトリルC晶のジェットミル粉砕物の表面積は、市販のA晶をハンマーミルで粉砕した試料の表面積の約1.2倍あることからわかるように、大きな表面積を有することが確認できた。アセトニトリルC晶のジェットミル粉砕物は未粉砕のメタノール水C晶の52.3倍も大きな表面積を有するので、とても溶出性に優れることが容易に理解できる。
例3で得た未粉砕のアセトニトリルC晶、例4で得たメタノール水C晶、例5で得たアセトニトリルC晶のジェットミル粉砕物(粉砕圧力3kgf・供給圧力4kgf)、アセトニトリルC晶のボールミル粉砕物、未粉砕のA晶(例12および例16を参照)の夫々について、安息角の測定を試みたが、安息角が測定できないほどに流動性の悪い紛体であった。
そこで、安息角を測定する代わりに、各試料を肉眼視したときの外観を撮影した。
未粉砕のアセトニトリルC晶(図35)は、やや嵩高い塊を形成する傾向があるが、未粉砕のメタノール水C晶よりも小さく、かつ、未粉砕のメタノール水C晶よりも密度の高い塊であった。未粉砕のアセトニトリルC晶の塊の周囲を良く目を凝らして見ると、小さな針状晶らしきものが確認できた。
アセトニトリルC晶のボールミル粉砕物(図38)も、塊を形成する傾向があったが、針状晶らしき構造は見えず、アセトニトリルC晶のジェットミル粉砕物と同様にプラスチックスプーンで均すと、容易に平らになり、崩れやすいきめ細かな微粒子が寄り集まっていることがわかった。
アセトニトリルC晶のジェットミル粉砕物(図36)とアセトニトリルC晶のボールミル粉砕物(図38)は、写真では塊を形成してはいるが、とても崩れやすい塊であり、スパーテルで掬い取った際の粉の動きはコーンスターチ(図39)や片栗粉(図40)の粉の動きにとてもよく似ていた。アセトニトリルC晶のジェットミル粉砕物は、優れたハンドリング性を有することが確認できた。
A晶を含有する製剤は(以下、「A晶製剤」という。)、及び、例20で作製した未粉砕のアセトニトリルC晶を含有する素錠(以下、「C晶製剤」という。)の13C固体NMRを測定するとともに、例12で調製したA晶のハンマーミル粉砕物(以下、「A晶原体」という。)、及び、アセトニトリルC晶のジェットミル粉砕物(以下、「C晶原体」という。)の13C固体NMRを測定して対比し、製剤中に含まれるフェブキソスタット原薬の結晶形を確認した。
なお、A晶を含有する製剤、及び、アセトニトリルC晶のジェットミル粉砕物を含有する素錠については、ラップでくるんで軽く小槌で数回たたいて粉砕した試料を測定に用いた。
また、A晶製剤は、次のように作製した。まず、市販のA晶(D50 19μm;北京連本医薬化学技術有限公司/Beijing Lianben Pharm−chemicals Tech.Co.,Ltd.から購入したもの)20.0g、乳糖水和物75.4g、部分α化デンプン18.5g、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース3.0gを乳鉢を使用して混合した。次に、精製水36.6gを混合末に加えて練合した。得られた湿潤顆粒を14号メッシュで整粒した後、50℃で通風乾燥させ、顆粒を得た。得られた顆粒を20号メッシュで整粒した後、篩過顆粒116.9gにクロスカルメロースナトリウム7.5g、ステアリン酸マグネシウム0.6gをポリ袋にて混合し、打錠用顆粒を得た。この打錠用顆粒をロータリー式打錠機(VELA5、菊水製作所製、打錠圧2500kgf/cm2)で打錠し、重量125mg、7mm径の素錠を得た。
固体NMRの測定は、13C(100.5MHz)の核種を用い、各試料約49μlを直径3.2mmの固体NMR試料管に詰めて、室温で、15kHzの回転速度で測定した。測定機器及び測定条件は下記のとおりであった。
測定プローブ: 3.2mm CPMASプローブ
13C−CPMAS測定条件:
・測定モードcpmas_toss.jxpコンタクトタイム2ms
・取込時間33.9ms待ち時間3.5sec積算回数2200回(原薬)および8800回(製剤)
・ウィンドウ関数EXPモードBF=20Hz
(Tossモードを使用してSSBを消去)
*化学シフトの基準はアダマンタンの信号(13C=29.5ppm)でシムZ0を調整した。
錠剤中のフェブキソスタットのC晶の結晶形、形態及び大きさをラマン顕微鏡を用いて観察した。
事前に、Renishaw社のinVia Reflex/StreamLineを用いて、フェブキソスタットのA晶及び試作錠(MeCN)の製造に用いた各成分のラマンスペクトルを確認した。その結果、C晶は約1695shift/cm−1のピークによって、A晶及び各添加剤と区別できることがわかった(図42及び図43)。また、A晶は、約1450shift/cm−1、約1330shift/cm−1のピークによって、C晶及び各添加剤と区別できることがわかった(図42及び図43)。
ラマン顕微鏡はRenishaw社の顕微レーザーラマン分光装置inVia Reflex/StreamLineを用い、ラマンイメージングを測定した。
測定条件は、下記のとおりであった。
励起波長 785nm STline
レーザー出力 50%(45mW/line)
露光時間 0.88sec/line
グレーティング 1200l/mm
マッピングエリア 1000×1000um(1.2umstep)
取得スペクトル 695556(5h45m)
対物レンズ X50
例20で作製した試作FC錠(MeCN粉砕)(20mg錠)の表面を切削し観察した。
フェブキソスタットは、励起波長314nm、蛍光波長390nmで蛍光観察できることが非特許文献9に記載されていることから、実際に、錠剤中に含まれるフェブキソスタット原薬の形態及び大きさを観察することが可能かどうかを検証した。
共焦点レーザー蛍光顕微鏡は、Leica社製のTCS−SP5を用いた。試料は紫外光で励起すると蛍光を発することが予備実験で分かっていたので、405nmの励起光を用いて蛍光を観察した。TCS−SP5では、405nmの単一波長の励起光を半導体レーザーを用いて発生させるため、励起フィルターは不要である。今回の観察では、COHERENT社製の小型ダイオードレーザモジュールを用いて405nmの励起光を発生させた。また、TCS−SP5では、ダイクロイックミラーの機能を果たすものとして、SP5専用に設計されたライカ製ビームスプリッターを用いた。TCS−SP5は、蛍光波長をプリズムと可動式のスライダーを用いて分光してスキャンするため5nm単位で蛍光波長の自由な設定ができる。
そして、一般に、ある物質の励起波長と蛍光波長は、一定の幅を有していることが多いため、蛍光顕微鏡観察を行うに先立つ予備検討として、まず、各結晶を可視波長域ぎりぎりの405nmの光で励起したときの蛍光スペクトル特性を確認した。
その結果、緑色蛍光および赤色蛍光では、ほとんど蛍光はみられないことを確認した。
まず、未粉砕のアセトニトリルC晶50.0g、乳糖水和物183.8g、部分アルファー化デンプン37.5g、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース7.5g、クロスカルメロースナトリウム31.3gを乳鉢を使用して混合した。次に精製水93gを混合末に加えて練合した。得られた湿潤顆粒を8号メッシュで整粒した後、50℃で通風乾燥させ、顆粒を得た。得られた顆粒を22号メッシュで整粒した後、篩過顆粒290gにステアリン酸マグネシウム9.4gをポリ袋にて混合し、打錠用顆粒を得た。この打錠用顆粒をロータリー式打錠機(VELA5、菊水製作所製、打錠圧2500kgf/cm2)で打錠し7mm径のMeCN−C素錠を得た。MeCN−C素錠の重量は128mgであった。
まず、アセトニトリルC晶のジェットミル粉砕物70.0g、乳糖水和物263.9g、部分アルファー化デンプン64.8g、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース10.5gを撹拌混合造粒装置(VG−5、パウレック製)を使用して混合した。次に精製水102gを混合末に加えて練合した。得られた湿潤顆粒を湿式乾式整粒機(QC−197s、パウレック製)φ4.75mmを使用して整粒した後、50℃で通風乾燥させ、顆粒を得た。得られた顆粒を湿式乾式整粒機(QC−197s、パウレック製)φ1.1mmで整粒した後、篩過顆粒185gにクロスカルメロースナトリウム11.9gをポリ袋にて混合した後、ステアリン酸マグネシウム1gをポリ袋にて混合し、打錠用顆粒を得た。この打錠用顆粒をロータリー式打錠機(VELA5、菊水製作所製、打錠圧2500kgf/cm2)で打錠し7mm径の粉砕MeCN−C素錠を得た。粉砕MeCN−C素錠の重量は125mgであった。
まず、乳糖水和物333.9g、部分α化デンプン64.8g、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース10.5g、を撹拌混合造粒装置(VG−5、パウレック製)を使用して混合した。次に精製水102gを混合末に加えて練合した。得られた湿潤顆粒を湿式乾式整粒機(QC−197s、パウレック製)φ4.75mmを使用して整粒した後、50℃で通風乾燥させ、顆粒を得た。得られた顆粒をφ1.1mmを使用して整粒した後、篩過顆粒185gにクロスカルメロースナトリウム11.9gをポリ袋にて混合した後、ステアリン酸マグネシウム1gをポリ袋にて混合し、打錠用顆粒を得た。この打錠用顆粒をロータリー式打錠機(VELA5、菊水製作所製、打錠圧2500kgf/cm2)で打錠し7mm径のプラセボ錠を得た。プラセボ錠の重量は125mgであった。
観察は、各結晶、添加剤、および、錠剤の粗粉砕物を微量、スライドガラス(MATSUNAMI製)にのせ、共焦点レーザー蛍光顕微鏡(Leica社製、TCS SP5)により観察を行った。
(1)未粉砕のメタノール水C晶(図46)
未粉砕のメタノール水C晶については、図17~図19の走査電子顕微鏡写真と同様の形状及び大きさの蛍光画像および微分干渉画像が観察された(図46)。図46の結晶は長軸の長さが約670μmの針状晶であるが、1mmを超える長さの針状晶も多数蛍光観察された。なお、針状晶の端部で特に蛍光が強かった。また、蛍光画像からもささくれ立った針状晶であることがわかった。長軸の中央部で蛍光の強い小さな点が観察されているのは、
未粉砕のアセトニトリルC晶についても、図20~図22の走査電子顕微鏡写真と同様の形状及び大きさの蛍光画像および微分干渉画像が観察された(図47)。図47左の図の右上の結晶は長軸の長さが約82μmの針状晶であるが、これは形状を判りやすく示すために大きめの結晶を選んで撮影したためであり、実際には、図47左の図の中央付近の結晶のように、長軸の長さが約10μm~20μmの針状晶が多数蛍光観察された。なお、針状晶の端部で特に蛍光が強かった。また、蛍光画像からもささくれ立った針状晶であることがわかった。
アセトニトリルC晶のジェットミル粉砕物についても、図23~図25の走査電子顕微鏡写真と同様の形状及び大きさの蛍光画像および微分干渉画像が観察された(図48)。矢印の先に直径3μm前後の蛍光を発する粒子が確認できた。図48左の蛍光画像の中央付近に、直径約17μmの蛍光体が観察されるが、実際には、直径3μm前後の蛍光を発する粒子が多数寄り集まっている構造物である。図23~図25の走査電子顕微鏡写真において直径3μm前後の粒子が多数寄り集まっていることと同様の画像である。蛍光を発しているために輪郭がぼやけて直径約17μmの蛍光体のように見えているが、共焦点レーザー蛍光顕微鏡では、画面手前から奥に向かって多数の断層画像を取得しており、これらの断層画像を追ってゆくと、直径約17μmの蛍光体は実際には直径3μm前後の蛍光を発する粒子であることが確認できた。
アセトニトリルC晶のボールミル粉砕物については、直径約1μm~約40μmに渡る様々な大きさの球状粒子の蛍光が観察された(図49左)。アセトニトリルC晶のジェットミル粉砕物(図48左)と異なるのは、アセトニトリルC晶のボールミル粉砕物の蛍光粒子は丸みを帯びていることと、粒子の大きさが実際に様々であることであった。
プラセボ錠では青色の蛍光は観察されなかった(図50左)。
(6)未粉砕のアセトニトリルC晶を用いて作製した試作錠
未粉砕のアセトニトリルC晶を用いて作製した試作錠については、多数の直径5μm前後の蛍光を発する粒子が観察された(図51左)。微分干渉画像と対比すると、添加物と思われる蛍光を発しない直径20μm~50μm程度の物体の周囲に付着した状態で負径5μm前後の蛍光を発する粒子が観察されたことがわかった。蛍光を発しない直径20μm~50μm程度の物体の周囲に直径5μm前後の蛍光を発する粒子が多数付着しているために、画像によっては、直径20μm~50μm程度の一つの蛍光体のように観察される画像もあったが、画面手前から画像奥に向かって多数の断層画像をを追ってゆくと、実際には直径5μm前後の蛍光を発する粒子が蛍光を発しない物体に周囲に多数付着していたことがわかった。未粉砕のアセトニトリルC晶を用いて作製した試作錠は、造粒過程で未粉砕のアセトニトリルC晶が粉砕されたと考えられた。このように、未粉砕のアセトニトリルC晶は、造粒によって、十分に小さなな粒子粉砕され得るので、良好な保存安定性と溶出性を兼ね備えた製剤に適している優れた結晶であることが確認された。
アセトニトリルC晶のジェットミル粉砕物を用いて作製した試作錠については、多数の直径2~3μm前後のほぼ均一な大きさの蛍光を発する粒子が観察された(図52左、図53左)。微分干渉画像と対比すると、短径直径20μm~30μm、長径50μm~100μm程度の添加物と思われる蛍光を発しない物体の周囲に付着した状態で直径2~3μm前後の蛍光を発する粒子が観察されたことがわかった。蛍光を発しない程度の物体の周囲に直径2~3μm前後の蛍光を発する粒子が多数付着しているために、画像によっては、大きな一つの蛍光体のように観察される画像もあったが、画面手前から画像奥に向かって多数の断層画像をを追ってゆくと、実際には直径2~3μm前後の蛍光を発する粒子が蛍光を発しない物体に周囲に多数付着していたことがわかった。
(7)プラセボ錠、(8)乳糖水和物、(9)部分α化デンプン、(10)ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、(11)クロスカルメロースナトリウム、(12)ステアリン酸マグネシウム、(13)ヒプロメロース、(14)マクロゴール6000、の夫々についても、個々に、共焦点レーザー蛍光顕微鏡による観察を行ったが、いずれの添加剤も、405nmの励起光に対して蛍光は発しないことを確認した。
Claims (30)
- 長径の長さが実質的に約200μm以下の結晶のみからなる2−[3−シアノ−4−(2−メチルプロポキシ)フェニル]−4−メチルチアゾール−5−カルボン酸の小型化C晶。
- D50が約100μm以下である請求項1に記載の小型化C晶。
- D90が約200μm以下である請求項1又は2に記載の小型化C晶。
- 嵩密度が約0.15g/ml以上である請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の小型化C晶。
- タップ密度が約0.20g/ml以上である請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の小型化C晶。
- 日本薬局方第2液に対する溶解速度が約0.5mg/ml/min以上であるか、又は、pH5.5のMcIlvaine緩衝液に対する溶解速度が約13μg/ml/min以上である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の小型化C晶。
- 長径の長さが実質的に約100μm以下の結晶のみからなる2−[3−シアノ−4−(2−メチルプロポキシ)フェニル]−4−メチルチアゾール−5−カルボン酸のC晶の微粉化物。
- D50が約25μm以下である請求項7に記載のC晶の微粉化物。
- D90が約50μm以下である請求項7又は8に記載のC晶の微粉化物。
- 嵩密度が約0.20g/ml以上である請求項7~9のいずれか1項に記載のC晶の微粉化物。
- タップ密度が約0.30g/ml以上である請求項7~10のいずれか1項に記載のC晶の微粉化物。
- 日本薬局方第2液に対する溶解速度が約0.5mg/ml/min以上であるか、又は、pH5.5のMcIlvaine緩衝液に対する溶解速度が約13μg/ml/min以上である、請求項6~10のいずれか1項に記載のC晶の微粉化物。
- A晶、G晶、及び/又は非晶質体の含有量が7重量%以下である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の2−[3−シアノ−4−(2−メチルプロポキシ)フェニル]−4−メチルチアゾール−5−カルボン酸の小型化C晶又は請求項7~12のいずれか1項に記載の2−[3−シアノ−4−(2−メチルプロポキシ)フェニル]−4−メチルチアゾール−5−カルボン酸のC晶の微粉化物。
- 実質的にA晶、G晶、及び/又は非晶質体を含有しない、請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の小型化C晶又はC晶の微粉化物。
- C晶の微粉化物が流体式粉砕により得られたC晶の微粉化物である請求項7~14のいずれか1項に記載のC晶の微粉化物。
- 流体式粉砕がジェットミル粉砕である請求項15に記載のC晶の微粉化物。
- C晶がG晶を原料としてアセトニトリルから晶出させたC晶である請求項1~16のいずれか1項に記載の小型化C晶又はC晶の微粉化物。
- C晶が示差走査熱量測定で約200℃~約203℃に単一の吸熱ピークを有する結晶である請求項1~17のいずれか1項に記載の小型化C晶又はC晶の微粉化物。
- 2−[3−シアノ−4−(2−メチルプロポキシ)フェニル]−4−メチルチアゾール−5−カルボン酸の長径の長さが約100μm以下となるように粉砕することにより得ることができる請求項7~18のいずれか1項に記載のC晶の微粉化物。
- 請求項1~19のいずれか1項に記載の小型化C晶またはC晶の微粉化物の製造方法であって、フェブキソスタットのアセトニトリル溶液からC晶を晶出させる工程を含む方法。
- 請求項7~20のいずれか1項に記載のC晶の微粉化物の製造方法であって、長径の長さが約100μm以下となるように微粉化する工程を含む方法。
- 小型化C晶又はC晶の微粉化物が示差走査熱量測定で約200℃~約203℃に単一の吸熱ピークを有する結晶である請求項20又は21に記載の方法。
- 請求項1~22のいずれか1項に記載の小型化C晶又はC晶の微粉化物を有効成分として含有する固形製剤。
- 請求項1~22のいずれか1項に記載の小型化C晶又はC晶の徴粉化物を、有効成分である2−[3−シアノ−4−(2−メチルプロポキシ)フェニル]−4−メチルチアゾール−5−カルボン酸の総量の30%以上の含有量で含有する固形製剤。
- 日本薬局方第2液に対するC晶粉砕物の溶出速度が0.50mg/ml/min以上である請求項23又は24に記載の固形製剤。
- 錠剤の形態である請求項23~25のいずれか一項に記載の固形製剤。
- 実質的に非晶質体のみからなる2−[3−シアノ−4−(2−メチルプロポキシ)フェニル]−4−メチルチアゾール−5−カルボン酸。
- 結晶を含有する2−[3−シアノ−4−(2−メチルプロポキシ)フェニル]−4−メチルチアゾール−5−カルボン酸試料を、ボールミル粉砕することによる、実質的に非晶質体のみからなる2−[3−シアノ−4−(2−メチルプロポキシ)フェニル]−4−メチルチアゾール−5−カルボン酸の製造方法。
- 示差走査熱量測定を行い、150℃以下の領域に現れる発熱ピークの発熱ピーク量(J/g)を算出し、所定の定数を乗ずることにより、2−[3−シアノ−4−(2−メチルプロポキシ)フェニル]−4−メチルチアゾール−5−カルボン酸試料中の非晶質体の含有率を同定する方法。
- 次の工程を含む、2−[3−シアノ−4−(2−メチルプロポキシ)フェニル]−4−メチルチアゾール−5−カルボン酸試料中の非晶質体の含有率を同定する方法:
(1)2−[3−シアノ−4−(2−メチルプロポキシ)フェニル]−4−メチルチアゾール−5−カルボン酸試料を示差走査熱量測定する工程、
(2)150℃以下の領域に現れる発熱ピークの発熱ピーク量(J/g)を定量する工程、及び
(3)次式:y=6.0675x のxに前記工程(2)で得られた値を代入して2−[3−シアノ−4−(2−メチルプロポキシ)フェニル]−4−メチルチアゾール−5−カルボン酸試料中の非晶質体の含有率yを算出する工程、
ただし、ここで、式中、xは示差走査熱量測定における150℃以下の発熱ピーク量(J/g)を表し、yは非晶質体の含有率(質量%)を表す。
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| RU2016119523A RU2016119523A (ru) | 2013-10-22 | 2014-10-22 | Мелкие кристаллы 2-[3-циано-4-(2-метилпропокси)фенил]-4-метилтиазол-5-карбоновой кислоты, продукт их тонкого измельчения и содержащие их твердые препараты |
| JP2015544611A JP6283371B2 (ja) | 2013-10-22 | 2014-10-22 | 2−[3−シアノ−4−(2−メチルプロポキシ)フェニル]−4−メチルチアゾール−5−カルボン酸の小型化結晶、その微粉化物及びこれらを含有する固形製剤 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013219602 | 2013-10-22 | ||
| JP2013-219602 | 2013-10-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2015063561A1 true WO2015063561A1 (ja) | 2015-05-07 |
Family
ID=53003422
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2014/002195 Ceased WO2015063561A1 (ja) | 2013-10-22 | 2014-10-22 | 2—[3—シアノ—4—(2—メチルプロポキシ)フェニル]—4—メチルチアゾ一ル—5—力ルボン酸の小型化結晶、その微粉化物及びこれらを含有する固形製剤 |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (3) | JP6283371B2 (ja) |
| RU (1) | RU2016119523A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2015063561A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016171254A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-22 | 2016-10-27 | 日本ケミファ株式会社 | 2-[3-シアノ-4-(2-メチルプロポキシ)フェニル]-4-メチルチアゾール-5-カルボン酸の結晶、その製造方法、及びそれらの利用 |
| JP2019142814A (ja) * | 2018-02-21 | 2019-08-29 | 大原薬品工業株式会社 | フェブキソスタット含有錠剤の製造方法 |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3547707B2 (ja) * | 1998-06-19 | 2004-07-28 | 帝人株式会社 | 2−(3−シアノ−4−イソブチルオキシフェニル)−4−メチル−5−チアゾールカルボン酸の結晶多形体およびその製造方法 |
| JP4084309B2 (ja) * | 2002-03-28 | 2008-04-30 | 帝人株式会社 | 単一の結晶形を含有する固形製剤 |
-
2014
- 2014-10-22 WO PCT/IB2014/002195 patent/WO2015063561A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2014-10-22 JP JP2015544611A patent/JP6283371B2/ja active Active
- 2014-10-22 RU RU2016119523A patent/RU2016119523A/ru unknown
-
2017
- 2017-05-08 JP JP2017092363A patent/JP6408642B2/ja active Active
- 2017-11-20 JP JP2017223212A patent/JP6375045B2/ja active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3547707B2 (ja) * | 1998-06-19 | 2004-07-28 | 帝人株式会社 | 2−(3−シアノ−4−イソブチルオキシフェニル)−4−メチル−5−チアゾールカルボン酸の結晶多形体およびその製造方法 |
| JP4084309B2 (ja) * | 2002-03-28 | 2008-04-30 | 帝人株式会社 | 単一の結晶形を含有する固形製剤 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| RECENT PROGRESS IN PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND FORMULATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR POORLY SOLUBLE DRUGS, 29 January 2010 (2010-01-29), pages 141 - 150 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016171254A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-22 | 2016-10-27 | 日本ケミファ株式会社 | 2-[3-シアノ-4-(2-メチルプロポキシ)フェニル]-4-メチルチアゾール-5-カルボン酸の結晶、その製造方法、及びそれらの利用 |
| JP2019142814A (ja) * | 2018-02-21 | 2019-08-29 | 大原薬品工業株式会社 | フェブキソスタット含有錠剤の製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP6408642B2 (ja) | 2018-10-17 |
| RU2016119523A (ru) | 2017-11-28 |
| JP6375045B2 (ja) | 2018-08-15 |
| JPWO2015063561A1 (ja) | 2017-03-09 |
| JP2018024714A (ja) | 2018-02-15 |
| JP2017128616A (ja) | 2017-07-27 |
| JP6283371B2 (ja) | 2018-02-21 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP3524234B1 (en) | Solid state forms of sofosbuvir | |
| Rehder et al. | High-shear granulation as a manufacturing method for cocrystal granules | |
| JP7144510B2 (ja) | 経口投与可能なhifプロリルヒドロキシラーゼ阻害剤の共結晶 | |
| EP3808742A1 (en) | Polymorph of selinexor | |
| JP2013516394A (ja) | 医薬用途用の1−(1h−1,2,4−トリアゾール−1−イル)ブタン−2−オール誘導体、および前記1−(1h−1,2,4−トリアゾール−1−イル)ブタン−2−オール誘導体を調製するための、実質的に不定の結晶形状を有する1−(1h−1,2,4−トリアゾール−1−イル)ブタン−2−オール誘導体の使用 | |
| EP4151219A1 (en) | Impurity production-inhibited drug composition | |
| US20240287066A1 (en) | Crystalline Form of Sotorasib | |
| JP6375045B2 (ja) | 2−[3−シアノ−4−(2−メチルプロポキシ)フェニル]−4−メチルチアゾール−5−カルボン酸の小型化結晶、その微粉化物及びこれらを含有する固形製剤 | |
| CN113271978A (zh) | 包括基本上无定形的介孔碳酸镁的新型无定形活性药物成分 | |
| JP2018111718A (ja) | オピオイド作動薬としてのα−6−MPEG6−O−ヒドロキシコドンの固体塩およびその使用 | |
| JP7164926B2 (ja) | 2-[3-シアノ-4-(2-メチルプロポキシ)フェニル]-4-メチルチアゾール-5-カルボン酸の結晶、その製造方法、及びそれらの利用 | |
| EP3759076A1 (en) | Crystalline form ii of darolutamide | |
| EP4041396A1 (en) | Polymorph of lorlatinib | |
| WO2021259732A1 (en) | Multi-component compounds comprising zanubrutinib and a benzoic acid derivative | |
| US20250179025A1 (en) | Crystalline form of darolutamide | |
| EP4227305A1 (en) | Crystalline form of sotorasib | |
| CA3080657A1 (en) | Crystalline salt of a tricyclic poly(adp-ribose) polymerase inhibitor | |
| TW202440585A (zh) | MDM2-p53抑制劑之晶型及醫藥組合物 | |
| Rehder | Solid-state transformations induced by pharmaceutical processes during manufacturing | |
| EP3661944A1 (en) | Sofosbuvir hydrate | |
| WO2017115284A1 (en) | Novel co-crystal forms of agomelatine |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 14856832 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2015544611 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2016119523 Country of ref document: RU Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 14856832 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |