WO2015063396A1 - Procede de regulation d'un four a chambres a feu(x) tournant(s) pour la cuisson de blocs carbones - Google Patents
Procede de regulation d'un four a chambres a feu(x) tournant(s) pour la cuisson de blocs carbones Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015063396A1 WO2015063396A1 PCT/FR2014/052700 FR2014052700W WO2015063396A1 WO 2015063396 A1 WO2015063396 A1 WO 2015063396A1 FR 2014052700 W FR2014052700 W FR 2014052700W WO 2015063396 A1 WO2015063396 A1 WO 2015063396A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heating
- pressure
- suction
- ramp
- partitions
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/10—Details, accessories or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, specially adapted for hearth-type furnaces
- F27B3/12—Working chambers or casings; Supports therefor
- F27B3/14—Arrangements of linings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B13/00—Furnaces with both stationary charge and progression of heating, e.g. of ring type or of the type in which a segmental kiln moves over a stationary charge
- F27B13/06—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of this type
- F27B13/14—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D21/00—Arrangement of monitoring devices; Arrangement of safety devices
- F27D21/04—Arrangement of indicators or alarms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to so-called "fire (x) rotating chambers” furnaces, for firing carbonaceous blocks, more particularly anodes and carbon cathodes intended for the production by electrolysis of aluminum. More particularly, it relates to a method and a device for optimizing the control and safety of combustion in partition lines of such a chamber furnace. Furnaces (x) roasting (s) for cooking anodes are described in particular in the patent application WO02 127042 to which reference will be made for more details about them.
- FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 respectively showing a schematic plan view of the structure of a furnace (x) rotating (s) and open chambers, with two lights in this example, for Figure 1, a partial perspective view and cutaway cross-section showing the internal structure of such an oven, for Figure 2 and a schematic view in longitudinal section along a span for FIG. 3.
- the baking oven (FAC) 1 comprises two parallel casings or bays 1a and 1b, extending along the longitudinal axis XX along the length of the oven 1 and each comprising (e) a succession of chambers 2 transverse (perpendicular to the axis XX), separated from each other by transverse walls 3.
- Each chamber 2 is constituted in its length, that is to say in the transverse direction of the furnace 1, by the juxtaposition , alternately, cells 4 , open at their upper part, to enable the loading of the carbonaceous blocks to be cooked and the unloading of the cooled cooked blocks, and in which are stacked the cooking carbon blocks 5 embedded in a carbonaceous dust, and hollow heating partitions 6, with walls thin, generally kept spaced by entreset 6a transverse.
- the hollow partitions 6 of a chamber 2 are in the longitudinal extension (parallel to the major axis XX of the furnace 1) of the hollow partitions 6 of the other chambers 2 of the same bay 1a or 1b, and the hollow partitions 6 are in communication with one another by skylights 7 at the upper part of their longitudinal walls, opposite longitudinal passages formed at this level in the walls transverse 3, so that the hollow partitions 6 form rows of longitudinal partitions, arranged parallel to the major axis XX of the furnace and in which will circulate gaseous fluids (combustion air, fuel gas and gas and combustion fumes) to ensure preheating and cooking the anodes 5, then cooling them.
- gaseous fluids combustion air, fuel gas and gas and combustion fumes
- the hollow partitions 6 further include baffles 8, to elongate and distribute more uniformly the path of the combustion gases or fumes, and these hollow partitions 6 are provided at their upper part with openings 9, called “openings", closable by removable covers and arranged in an oven crown block 1.
- the two bays 1a and 1b of the furnace 1 are placed in communication at their longitudinal ends by turning flues 10, which make it possible to transfer the gaseous fluids from one end of each line of hollow partitions 6 of a span 1 a or 1b at the end of the line of corresponding hollow partitions 6 on the other bay 1b or 1a, so as to form substantially rectangular loops of hollow partition lines 6.
- the principle of operation of rotating fire furnaces (x), also called “fire advance (x)” furnaces, consists in causing a flame front to move from one chamber 2 to another which is adjacent during a cycle, each chamber 2 successively undergoing stages of preheating, forced heating, fire, then cooling (nature! then forced), cooking the anodes 5 is carried out by one or more fires or groups of fires (Two groups of lights being represented in FIG. 1, in a position in which one extends, in this example, on thirteen chambers 2 of span 1a and the other on thirteen chambers 2 of span 1b. ) which move cyclically from chamber 2 to chamber 2.
- Each light or group of lights is composed of five successive zones A to E, which are, as shown in Figure 1 for the light of span 1b, arranged successively from the downstream in relation to the direction flow of gaseous fluids in the rows of hollow partitions 6, and in the opposite direction to cyclic displacements from room to room:
- a preheating zone comprising, referring to the light of span 1a, and taking into account the direction of rotation of the lights indicated by the arrow at the turning flue 10 at the end of the furnace 1 at the top of Figure 1:
- this system may comprise, in each suction pipe 1 1 a which is integral with the suction ramp 1 1 and opening into the latter, on the one hand, and secondly , engaged in the opening 9 of one respectively of the hollow walls 6 of this chamber 2, an adjustable shutter pivoted by a shutter actuator, for the flow control, and a flowmeter 12 measuring the flow rate Q0 for extracting fumes, slightly upstream, in the corresponding pipe 1 1 a, a temperature sensor 13 for measuring the suction temperature OF the flue gases at the intake, and a pressure sensor (not shown) measuring the suction pressure PO in the corresponding li pipe e, and
- a preheating measurement ramp 15 substantially parallel to the suction ramp 1 1 upstream of the latter, generally above the same chamber 2, and equipped with temperature sensors (thermocouples) and pressure sensors to measure the preheating static pressure P1 and the preheating temperature Tl prevailing in each of the hollow partitions 6 of this chamber 2 in order to be able to display and adjust this pressure P1 and this temperature T1 of the preheating zone;
- a heating zone comprising:
- each of the ramps 16 extending above one of the chambers respectively of a corresponding number of adjacent chambers 2 , so that the injectors of each heating ramp 1 6 are engaged in the openings 9 of the hollow partitions 6 to inject the fuel therein;
- a natural blowing or cooling zone comprising:
- a so-called "zero point” ramp 17 extending above the chamber 2 immediately upstream of that below the most upstream heating ramp 1 6, and equipped with pressure sensors for measuring the pressure prevailing in each of the hollow walls 6 of this chamber 2, in order to adjust this pressure, and
- a forced cooling zone which extends over three chambers 2 upstream of the blowing ramp 1 8, and which comprises, in this example, two parallel cooling ramps 19, each equipped with motor fans and steam pipes. blowing ambient air into the hollow walls 6 of the corresponding chamber 2; and
- the blowing ramp 18 and the or the forced cooling ramp (s) 1 9 comprise combustion air insufflation pipes fed by motor fans, these pipes being connected, via the openings 9 to the hollow partitions 6 of the chambers 2 concerned.
- the suction ramp 1 1 is available to extract the combustion gases and fumes, generally designated by the terms "combustion fumes", which circulate in the rows of hollow partitions 6.
- the heating and cooking of the anodes 5 are ensured both by the combustion of the fuel (gaseous or liquid) injected, in a controlled manner, by the heating ramps 16, and, to a substantially equal extent, by the combustion of volatile matter (such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) pitch diffused by the anodes 5 in the cells 4 of the chambers 2 in preheating and heating zones, these volatiles, largely combustible, diffused into the cells 4 that can flow into the two adjacent hollow partitions 6 by passages formed in these partitions, to ignite in these two partitions, thanks to residual combustion air present, at this level, among the combustion fumes in these hollow partitions 6.
- volatile matter such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- the circulation of air and combustion fumes is effected along lines of hollow partitions 6, and a depression, imposed downstream of the heating zone B by the suction ramp 1 1 at the downstream end of the preheating zone A, makes it possible to control the flow rate of the combustion fumes inside the hollow partitions 6, while the air coming from the cooling zones C and D, thanks to the cooling ramps 19 and especially to the blowing ramp 18, is preheated in the hollow partitions 6, by cooling the anodes 5 cooked in the adjacent cells 4 , during its journey and serves as an oxidizer when it reaches the heating zone B.
- the whole of the ramps 1 1, 15, 17, 18 and the equipment and apparatus are visually advanced (for example every 24 hours or so) of a chamber 2. of measurements and associated registration.
- the heating ramps 16 and the cooling ramps 19 only the most upstream ramp is moved and placed in front of the others, each chamber 2 thus ensuring, successively upstream of the preheating zone A, a loading function of green carbonaceous blocks 5, then, in the preheating zone A, a natural preheating function by the fuel combustion fumes and pitch vapors leaving the cells 4 by penetrating the hollow partitions 6, given the depression in the hollow partitions 6 of the chambers 2 in the preheating zone A, then, in the heating or cooking zone B, a heating function of the blocks 5 at about 1100 ° C., and finally, in the cooling zones C and P, a cooling function of blocks cooked by the ambient air and, correspondingly, preheating this air constituting the oxidizer of the furnace 1, the forced cooling zone D being followed, in the opposite direction
- the combustion fumes extracted from the fires by the suction ramps 1 1 are collected in a flue gas duct 20, for example a cylindrical duct partially shown in FIG. 2, with a flue gas flue 21 that can have a U-shaped shape. (see dotted line in FIG. 1) or able to go around the furnace, and whose outlet 22 directs the combustion fumes sucked and collected to a smoke treatment center (CTF) not shown because it is not part of the furnace. invention.
- a flue gas duct 20 for example a cylindrical duct partially shown in FIG. 2, with a flue gas flue 21 that can have a U-shaped shape. (see dotted line in FIG. 1) or able to go around the furnace, and whose outlet 22 directs the combustion fumes sucked and collected to a smoke treatment center (CTF) not shown because it is not part of the furnace. invention.
- CTF smoke treatment center
- the control method of the FAC 1 essentially comprises the temperature and / or pressure regulation of the preheating zones A, heating B and natural blowing or cooling C of the oven 1 according to predefined setpoint laws.
- the regulation of the FAC 1 takes into account a multitude of parameters in order to respect the balances of the thermal transfers in the partitions. Indeed, the cooking of the carbonaceous blocks must respect in particular a curve of rise and fall in cooking temperature between the preheating zone and the working zone, so that the material undergoes the appropriate transformations and that finally the anodes obtained present the mechanical and electrical characteristics required.
- the pressure prevailing in the hollow partitions 6 must also remain, for each partition 6, substantially constant, or at least within a defined pressure range, throughout a cycle.
- FIG. 3 schematically illustrates the organization of the control of a FAC 1 according to the state of the art, A central control unit 23 makes it possible to centralize all the data provided by the measurements, to account for the overall functioning of the FAC 1.
- the injectors of the heating ramps 16 are regulated as a function of the temperature in the partitions 6 of the heating zone B. More specifically, temperature sensors in the partitions 6 of the heating zone B make it possible to regulate the temperature each of the heating ramps 16, the fuel injection being regulated in particular so that the temperature in the partitions 6 in the heating zone B follows a predetermined temperature rise curve.
- the number of heating ramps 16 is three, the ramps being referenced HR1, H R2 and H R3, the temperature of the partition associated with each ramp being denoted respectively T4, T5 and T6.
- Each heating ramp 16 is associated with a controller 24 of the PID type, which are themselves connected to the central control unit 23. The controllers 24 recover the temperature measurements T4, T5 and T6 to regulate the injectors.
- the proportion of air / fuel must approach the possible stoschiometric proportions, to ensure combustion both with the fuel injected by the injection ramps and with the volatile materials diffused by the firing of the carbonaceous blocks in the preheating zone A.
- the pressure prevailing in the partitions 6 of each chamber 2 of the FAC 1 must also comply with a set point. For example, it is desirable to maintain, for each partition 6, a substantially constant pressure throughout a cooking cycle, or at least to maintain the pressure within a range of values.
- the speed of the fans of the blowing ramp 1 8 is set as a function of a pressure value Pzpr measured in a partition 6 upstream of the heating ramps 1 6, and in particular measured by the zero point ramp 1 7.
- the flap of the suction ramp 1 1 is regulated according to a temperature T1 and / or a preheating pressure Pi measured in a partition 6 of the preheating zone A.
- the preheating temperature T1 in a partition 6 of the preheating zone A is in particular monitored.
- the temperature in the zone of Preheating A must allow the removal of the volatile matter contained in the pitch of the carbonaceous blocks.
- the resulting gases or vapors must then be sucked into the "hollow septa" and burned immediately in the presence of oxygen in the combustion fumes coming from the heating zone B.
- these gases or vapors risk fouling the equipment, and in particular the suction pipes 1 1 a and the pipes leading to the flue gas treatment center, deposits may ignite and damage equipment.
- the preheating measurement ramp 15 then makes it possible to obtain information on the preheating temperature T1 prevailing in a partition 6 upstream of the suction ramp 1 1 and downstream of the heating ramps 16, in the preheating zone A , and monitor the cooking.
- the preheating temperature T1 thus measured deviates from too much of a set point, interventions must be made on the FAC 1 to bring the temperature T1 measured by the preheating measurement ramp 15 to an acceptable value.
- the interventions must not change the air flow in the partitions 6 too much, because then baking blocks is no longer respected.
- the preheating temperature T1 measured by the preheating measurement ramp 15 is in fact regulated while maintaining the preheating pressure P1 measured by said preheating measurement ramp 15 in a predetermined pressure range, around a predetermined value. deposit.
- the preheating measuring ramp 15 and the suction ramp 1 1 are connected to the same controller 25 of the PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) type, itself also connected to the central control unit 23.
- the opening of the shutter of the suction ramp 1 1 can thus be regulated according to the measurement of the pressure P1 and the preheating temperature T1 by the controller 25,
- the preheating pressure P1 which is generally a vacuum
- the preheating measurement ramp 1 1 is a static measurement, so that it does not does not account for a change in the flow rate of flue gases flowing through partitions 6 of FAC 1.
- a problem often encountered in a FAC 1 is the clogging of the partitions 6.
- the plugging phenomenon can have several origins, in particular the accumulation of carbonaceous dust originating from the firing of the carbonaceous blocks in the cells 4 and passing through the walls of the partitions, the debris coming clogged the partitions 6 or the deformation of the partitions 6 disturbing the flow of fumes. Clogging can have several undesirable effects.
- the cooking temperature curve is no longer respected. Above all, the heating ramps 16 continuing to inject fuel into the partitions 6 and the blowing ramp 18 continuing to blow combustion air, the accumulation of volatile fuel material upstream of the plug can reach a dangerous level, and to the extreme produce an explosion in the oven.
- a dysfunction of the FAC 1 may not be visible by the measurement of the preheating pressure PI.
- the regulation of the preheating temperature T1 is distorted. It is known to use the flowmeter 12 on the suction ramp 1 1 to measure the suction flow rate Q0. The measurement of a flow provides more information than the measurement of a pressure, since the flow accounts for the dynamic phenomena, the circulation of the fluids in the partitions 6.
- suction flow rate Q0 is generally only used as an index. Indeed, there are parasitic phenomena that can occur in FAC 1, which distorts flow measurements. The suction flow QG is therefore not a reliable indicator.
- a problem underlying the invention is therefore the determination of the origin of the air circulating in the partitions 6, at the base of the pressure, temperature and flow measurements, in order to regulate the operation of the FAC 1.
- a control method of a chamber furnace said "fire (x) turning (s)" for cooking carbon blocks.
- the furnace comprises a succession of chambers extending in a preheating zone, a heating zone and a natural cooling zone, the chambers being arranged in series along the longitudinal axis of the furnace.
- Each chamber is constituted by the juxtaposition, transversely to said longitudinal axis and alternately, cells in which are arranged carbon blocks to cook and hollow heating partitions, the partitions of a chamber being in communication and aligned with the partitions of the other chambers, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the furnace, in partition lines in which cooling and oxidizing air circulates and combustion gases.
- a suction ramp is connected to each of the partitions of the first chamber of the preheating zone by one respectively suction pipes.
- the necessary combustion air is partly injected by a discharge ramp of the natural cooling zone, connected to at least one fan, and partly infiltrated by depression through the partition lines.
- the fuel required for cooking the carbonaceous blocks is in turn partially injected by at least one heating ramp each extending over one respectively of at least two adjacent chambers of the heating zone, and capable of injecting in each of the partitions of the corresponding respective chamber of the heating zone.
- the oven further comprises at least one temperature sensor for measuring a preheating temperature in the partition of a chamber of the preheating zone, between the suction ramp and the heating ramp, and comprises a flow meter for measuring a flow rate.
- the oven further comprises means for determining, directly or indirectly, the heating pressure, in the heating zone, the preheating temperature is regulated to meet a set point while maintaining the suction flow in a predetermined range around a set value and while keeping the heating pressure below a minimum value.
- the oven further comprises at least one temperature sensor for measuring the air intake temperature in at least one a suction pipe, and wherein the suction flow rate measured in the same suction pipe is a standard flow rate by the suction temperature.
- the means for directly determining the pressure in a partition of the heating zone comprise for example a heating pressure sensor placed on the at least one heating ramp for measuring the pressure in a partition of the heating zone.
- the means for indirectly determining the pressure in a partition of the heating zone comprise a pressure sensor for measuring the pressure in the partition of the chamber immediately downstream from the heating zone and a pressure sensor for measuring the pressure in the heating zone. the partition of the chamber immediately upstream of the heating zone.
- the flowmeter for measuring the suction flow rate measures the flow of air and fumes passing through a sill in the suction pipe in question.
- the heating pressure exceeds the minimum threshold value, an operation to unclog one or more partitions (6) is advantageously implemented.
- a furnace with chambers said "fire (x) turning (s)" for cooking carbonaceous blocks is proposed.
- the oven is the one presented above, and is particularly suitable for the process presented above is implemented.
- the furnace comprises means for directly determining the heating pressure in the heating zone comprising at least one heating pressure sensor placed on the at least one heating ramp for measuring the pressure in a partition of the heating zone.
- the preheating temperature sensor can then be connected to the suction ramp, so that the oven does not have ramps dedicated exclusively to measurements.
- the claimed detection method is implemented on a furnace 1 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and described in the introduction, using a control system such as that shown schematically in FIG. 4.
- the method aims to use the measurement of the suction flow QG on the suction ramp 1 1 to regulate the preheating temperature T1 measured in a partition 6 of the preheating zone A: the preheating temperature T1 is regulated in a range. Q0 flow rate.
- the measurement of the suction flow rate Q0 is more reliable than the measurement of the preheating pressure P1 on the preheating measurement ramp 15 according to the state of the art, since the preheating measurement ramp 1 5 measures a negative pressure. static, not accounting for changes in smoke flow in a partition 6.
- the preheating pressure P1 measured by the preheating measurement ramp 15 does not vary or very little, when a partition is clogged,
- Measurement of the flow rate Q0 accounts for a change in the flue gas flow in the event of clogging, provided that the origin of the measured flow is determined, and in particular to distinguish the air inlet from the flue gas flow. of combustion.
- the subject matter of the claims proposes to further use the determination of the value of the heating pressure, in a partition 6 of a chamber 2 of the heating zone B, to deduce the state of operation of the oven.
- the heating pressure can be determined directly or indirectly.
- the heating pressure is directly measured on at least one heating ramp 16, a pressure sensor being placed as close to an injector of the heating ramp 16 in question to measure a pressure P4.
- the pressure sensor can be inserted in J'ouvreau directly upstream of fouvreau by which the injector of the heating ramp 1 6 injects the fuel in the partition 6.
- the heating pressure can be determined indirectly, by means of a pressure measurement immediately upstream of the heating zone B and by a pressure measurement immediately downstream of the heating zone B.
- the ramp of zero point 17 provides a measurement of the vacuum Pzpr in a partition 6 of the chamber 2 immediately upstream of the heating zone B and a pressure sensor placed in a partition 6 of the chamber 2 of the preheating zone B immediately in downstream of the heating zone B provides a measure of the P3 depression.
- the value of the heating pressure can be positive, or negative. In the latter case, there is then bet of heating depression.
- the FAG 1 is regulated in particular by taking into account the preheating temperature T1 measured by the preheating measurement ramp 15 in a partition 6 of the preheating zone A.
- the flow rate Q0 measured by the flowmeter 12 characterizes the flow of air and fumes passing through the suction pipe 11a.
- the air and the measured fumes have three origins: the rear air infiltrating through the partitions dead
- the value of the heating pressure in the heating zone B makes it possible to account for reliably the state of the oven. Indeed, the depression in the heating zone B is smaller than in the preheating zone A, so that the infiltrations of air by the partitions 6 in the heating zone B can be considered negligible. However, the pressure in the heating zone B must be as low as possible to ensure suction and flue gas circulation. Thus, from the moment when the pressure in the heating zone is greater than a set value, there is a strong indicator of the presence of a plug in a partition 6.
- Additional indicators may be used as supplements to provide clues as to the state of the oven. These indicators can serve as a clue as to a malfunction, but can not determine the origin of the malfunction.
- the value of the temperature T0 in the suction pipe 11 may be used as indicating that the cooking is not proceeding as intended.
- a decrease in the temperature T0 may indicate that the freshest air coming from the dead partitions reaches the suction pipe 11a.
- the temperature T0 also drops when a partition 6 is blocked and that I get hot coming the heating zone B does not fully reach the preheating zone A.
- the measured preheating temperature T1 is maintained, at a given time of the cycle, at a predetermined value, possibly with a tolerance interval.
- the measurement of the flow rate Q0 and the determination of the pressure in the heating zone B provide nominal values.
- the preheating temperature T1 is decreased if the system maintains the same flow Q0.
- the intake of rear air arriving at the suction pipe l ia results in an increase in the suction flow rate QO.
- the permitted range of values for the suction flow rate QO can then be modified to take account of this rear air supply and maintain the preheating temperature T1 at its nominal value.
- operations can be undertaken to adjust the pre-heating temperature. sealing dead partitions.
- the temperature T1 in the preheating zone A decreases, due to the lack of smoke in the heating zone B.
- Increase the power of the injectors in the hope of increasing the temperature T1 is not effective because of the plug, in addition to being dangerous, because increasing the risk of explosion, and not respecting the temperature curve in the heating zone B, the QO flow can be increased by respecting a range determined.
- the temperature T1 does not reach the target determined value.
- the operator can see an increase in the heating pressure P4, indicating that the smoke does not circulate properly due to the presence of a plug. Operations can then be undertaken to remove the cap.
- the measurement of the pressure P1 by the preheating measurement ramp 1 5 becomes superfluous.
- the thermocouple measuring the preheating temperature T1 to the suction ramp 1 1 the preheating measurement ramp 1 5 can be suppressed.
- FIG. 4 illustrating an embodiment of a FAC 1 implementing the control method described above will now be described in more detail.
- FAC 1 in Figure 4 includes two levels of control to regulate the different FAC 1 parameters.
- a first level control unit 26 is connected to the suction manifold 11, and records the measurements of the flow rate OO, the pressure PO and the suction temperature T0 in at least one suction pipe 11a. .
- each suction pipe of the suction ramp January 1 is provided with means for measuring the flow, pressure and temperature in the pipe in question. The preheating measurement ramp of the state of the art is suppressed.
- the flow rate in each suction pipe 11 is controlled by means of a sieve placed in the suction pipe 11a.
- the leaf comprises a plurality of flaps, pivoting on their axes, and exerting control on the suction flow QO.
- the suction flow rate QO in each suction pipe 11a is then preferably measured directly at the level of the sill so that it is ensured that the measured flow rate OO is that actually passing through the adjustable shutter. . Since the pressure losses of the leaf are known, the suction flow rate QO is measured with an increased accuracy compared to a measurement elsewhere in the suction pipe 11a. In addition, the size in the suction pipe 11 has been reduced.
- each of the three heating ramps 6 comprises two injectors per partition 6 and a pressure sensor, placed upstream of the injector the most upstream of the heating ramp 16. It is thus obtained three heating pressure measurements P4, P5 and P6, each associated with a heating ramp 16 for determining the value of the heating pressure. Measurement by the sensors can be synchronized with the injection so as not to damage the sensors if necessary. The heating pressure considered can then be the average of the three measurements P4, P5 and P6 or only one of the measurements, for example the one deviating the most from the reference value, can be taken into account.
- the first level control unit 26 is furthermore connected to the means for determining the depression in the heating zone B.
- the first level control unit 26 is connected to associated pressure sensors. each injector, so as to collect the measurements of the depressions P4, P5 and P6 in the partitions 6 of the heating zone B.
- the first level control unit 26 makes it possible to analyze the measurements collected and to act on the ramp 1 1 suction to regulate the opening of the flap.
- the unit 26 first level control corrects the flow measurement "by QO temperature T0 and PO depression measured in the intake pipe 1 l a.
- the flowmeter 1 2 Used is calibrated to give a measurement of the flow rate QO under normal conditions of pressure and temperature, but in the suction pipe 1a, the temperature and the pressure can vary greatly, and in any case do not correspond to these normal conditions. of the temperature T0 and / or the suction pressure PO, it is possible to correct the measurement of the suction flow rate GO and obtain reliable values.
- the first level control unit 26 is connected to a second level control unit 28, which centralizes the data of the entire oven and makes decisions on oven control.
- the second level control unit 28 is connected to a controller 24 of each injector.
- the second level control unit 28 performs the calculations based on the parameters collected, and transmits the commands to the injectors controllers 24, in order to regulate the parameters of the injectors, and in particular the order of the injections by the injectors, the time of the injectors. injection and injection power.
- the zero point ramp 17 of the state of the art is also deleted.
- the flow rate of ambient air blown into each of the hollow partitions 6 by the motor-fans of the blower ramp 18 is then regulated by taking into account the measurements of depression in the heating zone B, and in particular of the depression P6 in the partitions 6 the most upstream of the heating zone B.
- Table 1 gives examples of numerical values for the predetermined range of permitted values for the suction flow rate QO and for the heating pressures P4, P5, P6 associated with the heating ramps 16, such as than expected throughout a cycle. It is also indicated in Table 1, for the temperatures J4, T5, T6 measured respectively under one of the heating ramps 16 of the FAC 1, the beginning and end of cycle values corresponding to those expected in the context of FIG. a nominal operation of the FAC 1.
- Table 1 is carried out in the case where, during a baking cycle, the preheating temperature T1 varies from 350 ° C. to the cycle flow rate at 900 ° C. at the end of the cycle.
- the numerical values depend in practice on the cycle time, the anodes and the characteristics of the FAC 1.
- Table 1 (NB: the flow rate in Nm3 / h corresponds to the measurement of the normalized flow Q0, that is to say with correction by the temperature T0 and the suction pressure P0).
- Table 2 gives examples. of values, at a given moment, for the temperature T0 in a suction pipe 11 considered, for the temperature T1 in a partition of the preheating zone A, for the vacuum P0 in the suction pipe 11a considered, for the pressure P4 in a partition 6 of the heating zone B and for the flow rate Q0 in the suction pipe 1 ta considered, according to three modes of operation:
- At least one partition 6 is at least partially plugged.
- Table 2 illustrates that when rear air infiltrations occur, the preheating temperature T1 does not vary, because the rear air does not reach this portion of the oven. However, the back air reaches the suction pipe, so that the TO temperature and the PO pressure in the suction pipe fall.
- the QO flow rate in the suction pipe can be guglented to draw in the back air and continue to maintain the required flow rate in the furnace to maintain the preheat temperature T1.
- the preheating temperature T1 decreases.
- the temperature TO in the suction pipe also decreases- Even by increasing the flow rate up to the maximum value allowed at the given moment, the preheating temperature T1 does not return to its nominal value.
- the pressure P4 in the heating zone has increased, leaving the range of authorized values indicated in Table 1, and thus indicating the presence of a plug.
- the connection between the different equipment and the control means of the PAC 1 can be performed by means of a wired network and / or type Wi-Fj.
- the new control method the safety of the FAC 1 is enhanced, as it makes it possible to detect, more reliably than in the state of the art, risky malfunctions, in particular plugs in the partitions.
- the new method simplifies the furnace by eliminating the preheating measurement ramp 1 1 and the zero point ramp 17 of furnaces. the state of the art.
- the furnace 1 may advantageously be devoid of any ramp exclusively dedicated to measurements, as are the preheating measurement ramp 1 1 and the zero point measuring ramp 17.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
- Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
- Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| RU2016121259A RU2682077C2 (ru) | 2013-10-31 | 2014-10-23 | Способ регулирования многокамерной печи с поворотным пламенем для обжига углеродных блоков |
| NO14825373A NO3063487T3 (fr) | 2013-10-31 | 2014-10-23 | |
| EP14825373.5A EP3063487B1 (fr) | 2013-10-31 | 2014-10-23 | Procédé de régulation d'un four à chambres à feu(x) tournant(s) pour la cuisson de blocs carbones |
| CA2923301A CA2923301A1 (fr) | 2013-10-31 | 2014-10-23 | Procede de regulation d'un four a chambres a feu(x) tournant(s) pour la cuisson de blocs carbones |
| CN201480054872.4A CN105765330B (zh) | 2013-10-31 | 2014-10-23 | 调整用于焙烧碳块的回转火炉的方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1360659 | 2013-10-31 | ||
| FR1360659A FR3012590B1 (fr) | 2013-10-31 | 2013-10-31 | Procede de regulation d'un four a chambres a feu(x) tournant(s) pour la cuisson de blocs carbones |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2015063396A1 true WO2015063396A1 (fr) | 2015-05-07 |
Family
ID=50137781
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2014/052700 Ceased WO2015063396A1 (fr) | 2013-10-31 | 2014-10-23 | Procede de regulation d'un four a chambres a feu(x) tournant(s) pour la cuisson de blocs carbones |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3063487B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN105765330B (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2923301A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3012590B1 (fr) |
| NO (1) | NO3063487T3 (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2682077C2 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2015063396A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111425871A (zh) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-07-17 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | 一种合并烟道调节挡板交叉布置结构及方法 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2928206A1 (fr) * | 2008-02-29 | 2009-09-04 | Solios Carbone Sa | Procede de detection de cloison au moins partiellement bouchee pour four a chambres |
| WO2011027042A1 (fr) | 2009-09-07 | 2011-03-10 | Solios Carbone | Methode de caracterisation de la combustion dans des lignes de cloisons d'un four a chambres a feu(x) tournant(s) |
| WO2013044968A1 (fr) * | 2011-09-29 | 2013-04-04 | Innovatherm Prof. Dr. Leisenberg Gmbh + Co. Kg | Procédé de surveillance |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2600152B1 (fr) * | 1986-06-17 | 1988-08-26 | Pechiney Aluminium | Dispositif et procede d'optimisation de la combustion dans les fours a chambres pour la cuisson de blocs carbones |
| ES2010215B3 (es) * | 1986-06-17 | 1989-11-01 | Pechiney Aluminium | Dispositivo y procedimiento de optimizacion de la combustion en los hornos con camaras para la coccion de bloques carbonados. |
| NO164376C (no) * | 1988-02-08 | 1990-09-26 | Norsk Hydro As | Fremgangsmaate for vedlikehold av ringkammerovner. |
| WO1991019147A1 (fr) * | 1990-05-29 | 1991-12-12 | Alcoa Of Australia Limited | Procede et appareil servant a commander des fourneaux de cuisson de carbone |
| US6436335B1 (en) * | 1997-08-25 | 2002-08-20 | Innovatherm Prof. Dr. Leisenberg Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for controlling a carbon baking furnace |
| CN2625825Y (zh) * | 2003-04-02 | 2004-07-14 | 孙建东 | 立式旋转还原炼镁炉 |
| EP1742003A1 (fr) * | 2005-07-04 | 2007-01-10 | Innovatherm Prof. Dr. Leisenberg GmbH & Co. KG | Méthode pour exécuter un procédé dans un four ouvert pour la cuisson d'anodes |
| FR2918164B1 (fr) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-09-25 | Solios Environnement Sa | Procede de surveillance d'un conduit des fumees reliant un four de cuisson de blocs carbones a un centre de traitement des fumees |
| FR2940417B1 (fr) * | 2008-12-24 | 2012-11-30 | Alcan Int Ltd | Procede et systeme de controle du fonctionnement d'une installation de cuisson de blocs carbones. |
| FR2946737B1 (fr) * | 2009-06-15 | 2013-11-15 | Alcan Int Ltd | Procede de regulation d'un four de cuisson de blocs carbones et four adapte a sa mise en oeuvre. |
| FR2963413A1 (fr) * | 2010-07-27 | 2012-02-03 | Alcan Int Ltd | Procede et un systeme de regulation de la cuisson de blocs carbones dans une installation |
-
2013
- 2013-10-31 FR FR1360659A patent/FR3012590B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-10-23 WO PCT/FR2014/052700 patent/WO2015063396A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2014-10-23 CA CA2923301A patent/CA2923301A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2014-10-23 NO NO14825373A patent/NO3063487T3/no unknown
- 2014-10-23 EP EP14825373.5A patent/EP3063487B1/fr active Active
- 2014-10-23 CN CN201480054872.4A patent/CN105765330B/zh active Active
- 2014-10-23 RU RU2016121259A patent/RU2682077C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2928206A1 (fr) * | 2008-02-29 | 2009-09-04 | Solios Carbone Sa | Procede de detection de cloison au moins partiellement bouchee pour four a chambres |
| WO2011027042A1 (fr) | 2009-09-07 | 2011-03-10 | Solios Carbone | Methode de caracterisation de la combustion dans des lignes de cloisons d'un four a chambres a feu(x) tournant(s) |
| WO2013044968A1 (fr) * | 2011-09-29 | 2013-04-04 | Innovatherm Prof. Dr. Leisenberg Gmbh + Co. Kg | Procédé de surveillance |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111425871A (zh) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-07-17 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | 一种合并烟道调节挡板交叉布置结构及方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105765330B (zh) | 2018-04-06 |
| NO3063487T3 (fr) | 2018-04-28 |
| CA2923301A1 (fr) | 2015-05-07 |
| CN105765330A (zh) | 2016-07-13 |
| FR3012590B1 (fr) | 2018-01-05 |
| EP3063487A1 (fr) | 2016-09-07 |
| RU2016121259A3 (fr) | 2018-08-01 |
| FR3012590A1 (fr) | 2015-05-01 |
| RU2016121259A (ru) | 2017-12-05 |
| RU2682077C2 (ru) | 2019-03-14 |
| EP3063487B1 (fr) | 2017-11-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP2443407B1 (fr) | Procede de regulation d'un four de cuisson d'anodes et four adapte a sa mise en oeuvre | |
| CA1317421C (fr) | Dispositif et procede d'optimisation de la combustion dans les fours a chambres pour la cuisson de blocs carbones | |
| EP2183536B1 (fr) | Procede de surveillance d'un conduit des fumees reliant un four de cuisson de blocs carbones a un centre de traitement des fumees | |
| CA2324935C (fr) | Procede et dispositif de regulation des fours de cuisson a feu tournant | |
| CA2772693C (fr) | Methode de caracterisation de la combustion dans des lignes de cloisons d'un four a chambres a feu(x) tournant(s) | |
| EP3063487B1 (fr) | Procédé de régulation d'un four à chambres à feu(x) tournant(s) pour la cuisson de blocs carbones | |
| WO2010072907A1 (fr) | Procede et systeme de controle du fonctionnement d'une installation de cuisson de blocs carbones | |
| EP2257753B1 (fr) | Procede de detection de cloison au moins partiellement bouchee pour four a chambres | |
| CA2924723C (fr) | Procede d'injection de combustible gazeux dans un four a chambres a feu(x) tournant(s) | |
| CA2847822A1 (fr) | Dispositif et procede d'optimisation de la combustion dans des lignes de cloisons d'un four a chambres pour la cuisson de blocs carbones. |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 14825373 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2923301 Country of ref document: CA |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2014825373 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2014825373 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2016121259 Country of ref document: RU Kind code of ref document: A |