WO2015050194A1 - ヘッドマウントディスプレイ用光学系、およびヘッドマウントディスプレイ - Google Patents
ヘッドマウントディスプレイ用光学系、およびヘッドマウントディスプレイ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015050194A1 WO2015050194A1 PCT/JP2014/076385 JP2014076385W WO2015050194A1 WO 2015050194 A1 WO2015050194 A1 WO 2015050194A1 JP 2014076385 W JP2014076385 W JP 2014076385W WO 2015050194 A1 WO2015050194 A1 WO 2015050194A1
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- mounted display
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/16—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below for use in conjunction with image converters or intensifiers, or for use with projectors, e.g. objectives for projection TV
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/18—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below with lenses having one or more non-spherical faces, e.g. for reducing geometrical aberration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B25/00—Eyepieces; Magnifying glasses
- G02B25/001—Eyepieces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
- G02B3/06—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with cylindrical or toric faces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0273—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use
- G02B5/0294—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use adapted to provide an additional optical effect, e.g. anti-reflection or filter
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/011—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for correcting geometrical aberrations, distortion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0112—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for genereting colour display
- G02B2027/0116—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for genereting colour display comprising devices for correcting chromatic aberration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0149—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features
- G02B2027/015—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features involving arrangement aiming to get less bulky devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0149—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features
- G02B2027/0152—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features involving arrangement aiming to get lighter or better balanced devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B2027/0178—Eyeglass type
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical system for a head mounted display and a head mounted display.
- a head-mounted display (head mounted display) is known (see Patent Document 1).
- Some head mounted displays are configured to draw an image on the retina by moving light from a light source at high speed using a light deflection element such as a galvanometer mirror, for example.
- a light deflection element such as a galvanometer mirror
- the number of lenses increases, and in addition, glass with a large specific gravity must be used to sufficiently correct chromatic aberration, and the size and weight of the optical system increases. Therefore, usability and design are significantly impaired. In particular, such a tendency becomes strong only with a rotationally symmetric lens element such as a spherical lens.
- an optical system for a head mounted display has an optical deflection element that changes the traveling direction of light from the light source in order from the light source side, and has a positive refractive power as a whole, and an optical axis.
- Is composed of a plurality of rotationally symmetric lenses formed in a rotationally symmetric manner and a single free-form surface lens formed in a rotationally asymmetric manner with respect to the optical axis, and condenses incident light via an optical deflecting element.
- the free-form surface is formed, and passes through the third lens group.
- a light reflecting element having a reflecting surface for reflecting the reflected light, and is assumed to be reflected on the reflecting surface and positioned on the user's retina according to a change in the traveling direction of light from the light source by the light deflecting element.
- the coordinate axis in the optical axis direction between the light deflection element and the light reflection element is the z axis, and the light deflection element and the light reflection
- the coordinate axis perpendicular to the z axis is the y axis
- the coordinate axis perpendicular to the z axis and the y axis is the x axis in the cross section passing through the optical axis between the element and the optical axis between the light reflecting element and the drawing surface
- at least one lens surface of the lenses constituting the second lens group is composed of an X toroidal surface having an aspheric shape in the x-axis direction.
- the lens surface on the light reflecting element side of the lens constituting the second lens group is constituted by an X toroidal surface, and the x axis
- the radius of curvature in the direction is Rx
- the radius of curvature in the y-axis direction is Ry
- the expression (6) of the embodiment is satisfied.
- the lenses constituting the second lens group have a convex meniscus shape on the light reflecting element side.
- the lens surface closer to the intermediate image forming position has a function as a diffusion plate for diffusing light from the light source, and the coordinate axis in the optical axis direction between the light deflecting element and the light reflecting element is the z axis.
- the second lens group is configured with the coordinate axis perpendicular to the z axis in the cross section passing through the optical axis between the first lens group and the light reflecting element and the optical axis between the light reflecting element and the drawing surface as the y axis.
- the curvature radius in the y-axis direction of the lens surface that functions as a diffuser plate is Ry1
- the curvature radius in the y-axis direction of the lens surface opposite to the lens surface is Ry2.
- the coordinate axis in the optical axis direction between the light deflection element and the light reflection element is the z axis
- the coordinate axis perpendicular to the z axis is the y axis
- the coordinate axis perpendicular to the z axis and the y axis is In the third lens group, a coordinate system (x, y, z) is defined with the origin being the intersection of the lens surface of the free-form surface lens and the optical axis, and the sag amount z of the lens surface of the free-form surface lens is defined as the x-axis.
- the coefficient of the x-square term of the lens surface on the rotationally symmetric lens side of the free-form surface lens is fC4
- the coefficient of the x4 term is fC11
- the coefficient of the y2 term is fC6
- the y4 term is the coefficient of the x-square term of the lens surface on the rotationally symmetric lens side of the free-form surface lens
- the coefficient of the lens is fC15, and the lens surface opposite to the lens surface
- the coefficient of the x squared term is rC4
- the coefficient of the x4 squared term is rC11
- the coefficient of the y squared term is rC6
- the coefficient of the y4 squared term is rC15
- the equations (8) and (9) of the embodiment are defined
- the radius of curvature of the lens surface on the free-form surface lens side of the rotationally symmetric lens is Rrot, and light between the rotationally symmetric lens and the free-form surface lens is satisfied.
- the distance on the axis is D, it is preferable that the expressions (40) and (41) of the embodiment are satisfied.
- the coordinate axis in the optical axis direction between the light deflection element and the light reflection element is the z axis
- the coordinate axis perpendicular to the z axis is the y axis
- the coordinate axis perpendicular to the z axis and the y axis is In the first lens group, a coordinate system (x, y, z) is defined with the origin at the intersection of the lens surface of the free-form surface lens and the optical axis, and the sag amount z of the lens surface of the free-form surface lens is defined as the x-axis.
- the expression (43) of the embodiment is satisfied on both the front and rear lens surfaces of the free-form surface lens. It is preferable to do.
- the focal length of the entire first lens group is f1, and the distance between the light deflection element and the light reflection element.
- the distance on the optical axis is L, it is preferable to satisfy the expression (44) of the embodiment.
- the refractive index for the d line is Nd
- the refractive index for the F line is NF
- the refractive index for the C line is NC
- Abbe number ⁇ d is defined by equation (47) of the embodiment
- the maximum difference of Abbe number ⁇ d in the plurality of rotationally symmetric lenses of the first lens group is ⁇ d1
- the rotationally symmetric lens of the third lens group When the difference between the Abbe number ⁇ d in the free-form surface lens is ⁇ d2, it is preferable that the expressions (45) and (46) of the embodiment are satisfied.
- the coordinate axis in the optical axis direction between the light deflection element and the light reflection element is the z axis
- the coordinate axis perpendicular to the z axis is the y axis
- the negative direction of the y axis is the light reflecting element.
- the light beam reaching the reflecting surface is formed by connecting four arrival positions of principal rays having an angle of view corresponding to the four corners of the image.
- the trapezoidal shape is a trapezoidal shape, and the positive side of the y-axis is the upper base, the negative direction side is the lower base, the length of the upper base is Lup, and the length of the lower base is Lund.
- the expression (48) of the embodiment is satisfied.
- the light reflecting element is made of a material that transmits light, and is formed from a surface opposite to the reflecting surface. It is preferable that the incident light is transmitted, and the image is drawn on the drawing surface so as to overlap with an image formed by the light transmitted through the light reflecting element and reaching the drawing surface.
- a head mounted display includes the head mounted display optical system according to any one of the first to tenth aspects.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a head mounted display DSP including a head mounted display optical system (hereinafter referred to as an HMD optical system) LS according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the head mounted display DSP is configured to include a glasses-type frame FL, a light source unit SU, and a projection unit PU.
- the eyeglass-type frame FL holds the light source unit SU and the projection unit PU and is mounted on the user's head together with the light source unit SU and the projection unit PU.
- the light source unit SU generates an image signal based on image information input from an external input device (not shown), and projects a laser beam having an intensity corresponding to the image signal (hereinafter also referred to as “image light”). Inject to unit PU.
- the projection unit PU scans the image light emitted from the light source unit SU in a two-dimensional direction and projects it onto the user's eye E.
- the image light is scanned in the two-dimensional direction on the retina of the user's eye E so that the image is projected, and the user can visually recognize the image corresponding to the image signal. it can.
- the projection unit PU is provided with a half mirror HM at a position facing the user's eye E.
- the external light La passes through the half mirror HM and enters the user's eye E, and the image light Lb emitted from the projection unit PU is reflected by the half mirror HM and enters the user's eye E.
- the user can visually recognize the image of the image light Lb superimposed on the outside scene of the outside light La.
- Projection unit PU includes an HMD optical system LS.
- the optical system LS for HMD will be specifically described.
- FIG. 2 and 3 are diagrams for explaining the configuration of the optical system LS for HMD.
- FIG. 2 shows a configuration in the yz plane
- FIG. 3 shows a configuration in the xz plane.
- the optical system LS for HMD includes, in order from the light source (not shown) side that emits the image light, the light deflection element M1, the first lens group G1, the second lens group G2, the third lens group G3, and the light.
- the light deflection element M1 changes the traveling direction of light from the light source.
- the state in which the light traveling direction changes in the light deflection element M1 is shown with a plurality of types of incident angles (this diaphragm is shown as the light deflection element M1). Shown by light passing through.
- the first lens group G1 has a positive refracting power as a whole, and is formed of two rotationally symmetric lenses L11 and L12 that are rotationally symmetric with respect to the optical axis, and 1 that is rotationally asymmetric with respect to the optical axis. Consists of a single free-form surface lens L13, and condenses the light incident through the light deflection element M1.
- the second lens group G2 is composed of a single lens L21 having a positive refractive power and disposed in the vicinity of the imaging position (intermediate imaging position) of the intermediate image formed by the first lens group G1.
- the third lens group G3 is composed of one rotationally symmetric lens L31 formed rotationally symmetric with respect to the optical axis and one free-form surface lens L32 formed rotationally asymmetric with respect to the optical axis.
- the light reflecting element M2 is a free-form surface formed in a rotationally asymmetric manner with respect to the optical axis, and has a reflecting surface that reflects the light transmitted through the third lens group G3.
- the light reflecting element M2 corresponds to the half mirror HM in FIG.
- the drawing surface I which is assumed to be reflected on the reflecting surface of the light reflecting element M2 and positioned on the retina of the user according to the change in the traveling direction of light from the light source by the light deflecting element M1.
- the light reaching the position moves at high speed on the drawing surface I, and an image is drawn on the drawing surface I.
- the optical system LS for HMD is reflected from the light reflecting element M2 in an oblique direction by the light reflecting element M2 which is emitted from the light source and whose traveling direction is changed by the light deflecting element M1 and transmitted through the first lens group G1 to the third lens group G3.
- the whole can be miniaturized by bending the optical path of the light.
- the optical system LS for HMD is provided with a free-form surface lens that is rotationally asymmetric with respect to the optical axis (the free-form surface lens L13 of the first lens group G1 and the free-form surface lens L32 of the third lens group G3). It is possible to correct rotationally asymmetric aberration generated by reflecting the light from the light source in the oblique direction by the reflecting element M2, and reduce the number of lenses, thereby reducing the overall weight.
- the local coordinate system of each lens and reflecting surface is an (x, y, z) coordinate system (right-handed system) with the intersection point of each lens surface or reflecting surface and the optical axis as the origin.
- the z axis of the local coordinate system is assumed to be a coordinate axis in the optical axis direction between the light deflection element M1 and the light reflection element M2.
- the positive direction of the z-axis is a direction from the light deflection element M1 toward the light reflection element M2.
- the y axis of the local coordinate system is a coordinate axis perpendicular to the z axis in a cross section passing through the optical axis between the light deflecting element M1 and the light reflecting element M2 and the optical axis between the light reflecting element M2 and the drawing surface I.
- the negative direction of the y-axis is assumed to be the direction on the side where the optical axis is bent by the light reflecting element M2. It is assumed that the x axis of the local coordinate system is a coordinate axis perpendicular to the z axis and the y axis.
- a plane including the x axis and the z axis is referred to as an xz plane
- a plane including the y axis and the z axis is referred to as a yz plane
- a plane including the x axis and the y axis is referred to as an xy plane.
- the optical axis passes through the center of curvature of each rotationally symmetric lens, is reflected by the reflecting surface of the light reflecting element M2 (follows the law of reflection), and passes through the center point of the user's eyes.
- the optical axis passes through the center of curvature of each rotationally symmetric lens, is reflected by the reflecting surface of the light reflecting element M2 (follows the law of reflection), and passes through the center point of the user's eyes.
- it is one axis.
- An aspherical surface that is rotationally symmetric with respect to the optical axis is defined by the following equation (1).
- Z is the sag amount of the plane parallel to the optical axis
- c is the curvature (the center is on the optical axis)
- K is the conic coefficient
- h is the distance perpendicular to this from the optical axis
- A4 to A20 are coefficients related to each power series term of h.
- the X toroidal surface is defined as follows.
- the X toroidal surface is a surface in which the curvature Xc in the x-axis direction and the curvature Xy in the y-axis direction are different.
- a surface expressed by the following equation (2) in the xz plane is considered.
- Z is the amount of sag in the xz plane of the X toroidal surface
- Xc is the curvature (center is on the optical axis)
- K is the conic coefficient
- x is the distance in the x-axis direction.
- T4 to T10 are coefficients related to each power series term of x.
- the X toroidal surface is a surface expressed by the equation (2), centered on a rotation axis parallel to the xz plane, arranged at a position moved by the radius of curvature Ry in the y-axis direction from the origin of the local coordinate system. It is a surface that can be rotated.
- a free-form surface that is rotationally asymmetric with respect to the optical axis is defined by the following equation (3).
- Expression (3) represents an xy polynomial surface (free-form surface) formed by a plurality of terms composed of combinations of x and y.
- Z is the sag amount of the plane parallel to the optical axis
- c is the curvature (the center is on the optical axis)
- K is the conic constant
- h is the plane perpendicular to this at the origin on the optical axis.
- the distance from the origin, Cj is a coefficient of the xy polynomial.
- At least one lens surface of the lens L21 of the second lens group G2 is composed of an X toroidal surface having an aspheric shape in the x-axis direction.
- the lens surface configured by the X toroidal surface forms a curved surface having different surface shapes in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction. It is possible to efficiently correct aberration components (ass components) that are different between the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction that would occur on the reflection surface of the element M2. Further, since this lens surface can have different magnifications in the x and y directions, the balance of trapezoidal distortion generated on the drawing surface (image surface) I can be adjusted, and the free-form surface lenses L13 and L32 and the light reflecting element M2 have. It is possible to reduce the load on the free-form surface.
- both lens surfaces of the lens L21 are not formed of X toroidal surfaces, it is difficult to correct the above asphalt component, and it becomes impossible to adjust the balance of the trapezoidal distortion, and the free-form curved lenses L13 and L32 and the light reflecting element This is not preferable because the burden on the free curved surface of M2 increases.
- the lens surface of the lens L21 on the light reflecting element M2 side is configured by the X toroidal surface, and the curvature radius in the x-axis direction is Rx and the curvature radius in the y-axis direction is Ry, the following expression (6) is satisfied. It is more desirable to do.
- the lens surface on the light reflecting element M2 side of the lens L21 is configured by an X toroidal surface, it becomes possible to receive light rays from each angle of view in a wider region of the lens surface. Further, by satisfying the expression (6), it becomes possible to make the lens surface have surface shapes that are greatly different in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction, and the correction of the astigmatism of the aberration and the adjustment of the trapezoidal distortion are further performed. be able to.
- the lens L21 of the second lens group G2 has a convex meniscus shape on the light reflecting element M2 side, and the intermediate imaging position by the first lens group G1 in the lens L21. It is desirable that the lens surface closer to 1 has a function as a diffusion plate for diffusing light from the light source, and satisfies the following expression (7).
- the curvature radius in the y-axis direction of the lens surface closer to the intermediate image formation position in the lens L21 is Ry1
- the curvature radius in the y-axis direction of the lens surface opposite to the lens surface is Ry2.
- a microlens array is disposed on the entire lens surface of the lens surface closer to the intermediate image formation position of the lens L21.
- the lens surface closer to the intermediate image formation position of the lens L21 has a function as a diffusion plate, the diameter of the light beam after diffusion can be widened, so that the pupil diameter becomes large.
- an eye motion area an area that is not vignetted when the eye moves
- the head mounted display DSP is used as a mobile device.
- the chief ray from the first lens group G1 is incident as perpendicular to the lens surface of the lens L21 as possible.
- the expression (7) is satisfied, and the lens L21 is formed in a meniscus shape that is convex toward the light reflecting element M2, so that light can be diffused without applying a load to other lens groups as much as possible. It becomes possible.
- the value exceeds the upper limit of Expression (7), the curvature of the lens surface closer to the intermediate image formation position of the lens L21 becomes too large, and the image formation surface (primary image formation surface) of the intermediate image by the first lens group G1 is increased.
- the free-form surface shape of the lens surface on the rotationally symmetric lens L31 side (hereinafter referred to as the front lens surface) in the free-form surface lens L32 of the third lens group G3 is expressed by Expression (3).
- the coefficient of the x2 term is fC4
- the coefficient of the x4 term is fC11
- the coefficient of the y2 term is fC6
- the coefficient of the y4 term is fC15.
- equation (9) the coefficient of the x-square term when the free-form surface shape of the lens surface opposite to the front lens surface (hereinafter referred to as the rear lens surface) in the free-form surface lens L32 is represented by equation (3).
- Is rC4 the coefficient of the x4th power term is rC11
- the coefficient of the y2th power term is rC6
- the coefficient of the y4th power term is rC15.
- the sag amount Sag of a spherical surface having a radius of curvature r is expressed by the following equation (11) using xyz right-handed orthogonal coordinates with the axis including the center point of the spherical surface as the z axis (optical axis).
- the sag amount is the amount of change in the optical axis direction of the surface position with respect to a certain distance (height) h in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis when the value on the optical axis is zero.
- the equations (23) to (27) are strictly established, that is, when the free-form surface coefficients C 4 to C 15 are determined so as to satisfy the following equation (28), the equations ( 17) is an expression representing a spherical surface as an approximation up to the fourth order.
- the free-form surface represented by the equation (16) that completely includes the equation (17) has a spherical property that is rotationally symmetric especially in the region close to the optical axis, compared to the case where the equation (28) is not satisfied. It is strongly possessed and lacks the degree of freedom as a free-form surface.
- the values of the low-order free-form surface coefficients C 4 to C 15 are examined using the equations (23) to (27), so that the free-form surface is not rotated. It is possible to easily estimate rough superiority or inferiority of symmetry.
- Expressions (37) and (38) represent the degree of deviation from the spherical surface in terms of coefficients related to the spherical surface in the xz plane and the yz plane, respectively, and the values of ⁇ x and ⁇ y are expressed as follows. Since “0” indicates a spherical surface, the larger the absolute values of ⁇ x and ⁇ y, the greater the degree of the aspherical surface.
- the value ⁇ shown in the equation (39) represents the amount of deviation between the aspherical shape in the xz plane and the aspherical shape in the yz plane, that is, the degree of rotationally asymmetric aspherical surface.
- This is a quantity, and can be considered as a quantity that simply represents the degree of the free-form surface. Therefore, it can be evaluated that the larger the value ⁇ , the stronger the surface is as a free-form surface, that is, a rotationally asymmetric aspheric surface.
- ⁇ 0, the aspheric shape in the xz plane and the aspheric shape in the yz plane are both equal, and the surface has a strong property as a rotationally symmetric surface. It is thought to have.
- f ⁇ represented by the above equation (8) indicates the degree of the free curved surface ( ⁇ in equation (39)) for the front lens surface of the free curved lens L32 of the third lens group G3.
- r ⁇ represented by the above equation (9) indicates the degree of the free curved surface ( ⁇ in equation (39)) with respect to the rear lens surface of the free curved surface lens L32.
- the above expression (10) is satisfied, that is, the degree of the free-form surface is larger in the rear lens surface than the front lens surface, so that the back-side lens surface has a strong characteristic as a free-form surface.
- the front lens surface has a shape in which the property as a rotationally symmetric surface remains strong.
- Expression (40) when the free-form surface shape of the front lens surface of the free-form surface lens L32 of the third lens group G3 is expressed by Expression (3), the coefficient of the x square term is the coefficient of fC4 and x 4th power term. Is fC11, the coefficient of the y2 term is fC6, and the coefficient of the y4 term is fC15.
- the radius of curvature of the lens surface on the free-form surface lens L32 side in the rotationally symmetric lens L31 of the third lens group G3 is Rrot.
- D is the distance on the optical axis between the rotationally symmetric lens L31 and the free-form surface lens L32.
- the expression (40) is an expression that defines a range of values of (Frot) 2 / (Rrot) 2 .
- the coefficient fC4 of the x-square term on the front lens surface of the free-form surface lens L32 is equal to the coefficient fC6 of the y-square term, and the curvature radius Frot obtained from these is the lens surface on the free-form lens L32 side in the rotationally symmetric lens L31.
- the value of (Frot) 2 / (Rrot) 2 is “1”.
- the lens surface on the free-form surface lens L32 side of the rotationally symmetric lens L31 and the front lens surface of the free-form surface lens L32 have a relatively close shape. Further, by satisfying Expression (41), the distance D on the optical axis between the rotationally symmetric lens L31 and the free-form surface lens L32 becomes relatively short. Therefore, satisfying the expressions (40) and (41) makes it possible to correct chromatic aberration between the lens surface on the free-form surface lens L32 side and the front lens surface of the free-form surface lens L32 in the rotationally symmetric lens L31.
- the entire three lens group G3 can have a certain degree of chromatic aberration correction capability.
- the expression (10) described above is satisfied, so that in the free-form surface lens L32, the rear lens surface has a strong characteristic as a free-form surface, and the front lens surface is rotationally symmetric. It has a shape that strongly retains the properties as a smooth surface. Accordingly, in the free-form surface lens L32, correction of chromatic aberration and rotationally symmetric aberration is mainly performed by the front lens surface and the rotationally symmetric lens L31, and rotationally asymmetric aberration that may be generated by the light reflecting element M2 on the rear lens surface. This is very preferable because the role can be shared between the front lens surface and the rear lens surface, such as mainly performing correction of the above.
- the balance between the front and rear surface shapes of the free-form surface lens L32 can be optimized, and the rotationally symmetric and rotationally asymmetric aberration components can be efficiently corrected. If the above formulas (40), (41) and (10) are not satisfied, correction of aberrations becomes difficult, which is not preferable. In particular, it becomes difficult to correct rotationally asymmetric aberrations.
- the coefficient of the x-square term in the case where the free-form surface shape of the free-form surface lens L13 of the first lens group G1 is expressed by Expression (3) is C4 and y-square terms.
- the coefficient is C6, it is desirable that the following expression (43) is satisfied on both the front and rear lens surfaces of the free-form surface lens L13.
- the free-form surface lens L13 in the first lens group G1 is provided to help correct the trapezoidal distortion generated in the light reflecting element M2. Therefore, it is necessary to correct the rotationally asymmetric aberration generated by correcting the trapezoidal distortion by the free-form surface lens L13 itself so as to form a good image on the primary imaging surface of the first lens group G1. Equation (43) is for satisfying this point, and defines a condition that the sign C2 of the x-square term and the coefficient C6 of the y-square term have different positive and negative signs.
- Formula (44) is a conditional expression related to the size of the optical system LS for HMD.
- the value exceeds the upper limit of Expression (44) the refractive power of the first lens group G1 becomes too strong with respect to the entire length of the HMD optical system LS, and the effective diameter of the HMD optical system LS becomes large. This is not preferable because it is difficult to downsize the optical system LS. In addition, correction of aberrations becomes difficult.
- the value falls below the lower limit of the expression (44) the focal length f1 of the first lens group G1 becomes too long with respect to the entire length of the HMD optical system LS, the power balance with the other groups is greatly lost, and aberration correction is performed. Since it becomes difficult, it is not preferable.
- the Abbe number ⁇ d is defined by the following equation (47), where Nd is the refractive index for the d line, NF is the refractive index for the F line, and NC is the refractive index for the C line. To do.
- Equations (45) and (46) are for suppressing the occurrence of other aberrations as much as possible while efficiently correcting chromatic aberration in each of the first lens group G1 and the third lens group G3.
- a high refractive index material must be used on the negative lens side, and the flatness of the image surface is likely to be impaired.
- a material with a high refractive index tends to have a large specific gravity, it is not preferable because it tends to increase the weight of the entire HDM optical system LS.
- the value is below the lower limit of the expressions (45) and (46)
- the chromatic aberration correction ability becomes poor, which is not preferable.
- the figure formed by connecting the points has a trapezoidal shape, of which the positive side of the y-axis is the upper base, the negative side is the lower base, and the length of the upper base is L up .
- the length of the lower base is L und , it is desirable to satisfy the following formula (48).
- the light reflecting element M2 is made of a material that transmits light, and is incident from a surface opposite to the reflecting surface that reflects the light from the third lens group G3. It is desirable to be able to transmit light. Then, the HMD optical system LS draws an image on the drawing surface I by overlapping with an image (outside scene) formed by light that has passed through the light reflecting element M2 and reached the drawing surface I (retina). It is desirable to be configured as follows. Thereby, the user can visually recognize the image superimposed on the image (outside scene) of the light transmitted through the light reflecting element M2 when the head mounted display DSP is mounted.
- the optical system LS for HMD according to the present embodiment includes, in order from the light source (not shown) side, the light deflection element M1, the first lens group G1, the second lens group G2, the third lens group G3, and the light reflection. And an element M2.
- the light deflection element M1 includes a movable portion that can quickly and continuously switch the traveling direction of light from a light source (for example, substantially parallel light such as laser light or LED light).
- a light source for example, substantially parallel light such as laser light or LED light.
- a galvanometer mirror is used. The galvanometer mirror is rotated by an amount corresponding to the drive voltage input from the drive circuit of the system unit, so that the reflection angle (that is, the traveling direction of light from the light source) changes.
- the first lens group G1 reduces the light incident from the rotationally symmetric lens L11 having a negative refractive power, the rotationally symmetric lens L12 having a positive refractive power, and the light deflecting element M1 in order from the light source side. It is composed of a total of four elements, a neutral density filter F disposed at an inclination of ⁇ 5 degrees in the yz plane with respect to the optical axis and a rotationally asymmetric free-form surface lens L3.
- the second lens group G2 is disposed in the vicinity of the intermediate image forming position by the first lens group G1, has a positive refractive power in the yz plane, and the lens surface on the light deflection element M1 side is a spherical surface.
- the lens surface on the light reflecting element M2 side is constituted by a lens L21 having an X toroidal surface.
- the lens L21 has a meniscus shape that is convex toward the light reflecting element M2 in the yz plane.
- the lens surface of the lens L21 on the light deflection element M1 side is provided with a microlens array, and the lens L21 as a whole diffuses light from the light source to reduce the effective diameter of the light beam at each angle of view. It also serves as a diffuser for spreading.
- the lens surface of the lens L21 on the light deflection element M1 side is the lens surface closer to the intermediate image formation position.
- the third lens group G3 includes, in order from the light source side, a rotationally symmetric lens L31 having a negative refractive power and a rotationally asymmetric free-form lens L32.
- the light reflecting element M2 is disposed with an inclination of 25 degrees in the yz plane with respect to the optical axis, and reflects the light that has passed through the third lens group and is rotationally asymmetric for guiding it to the eyes of the user.
- the light reflecting element M2 is made of a transparent material that transmits light, and transmits to the opposite side of the reflecting surface in addition to the reflecting surface for reflecting the light transmitted through the third lens group G3.
- This is a so-called half mirror that has a surface, is configured to transmit light incident from the transmission surface and enter the eyes of the user.
- the transmission surface of the light reflecting element M2 has a free-form surface that is rotationally asymmetric with respect to the optical axis, like the reflection surface.
- the center of the user's eyes is arranged on the optical axis after reflection by the light reflecting element M2, and in this embodiment, this eye is designed by replacing it with a non-aberration lens having a focal length of 17 mm. Went.
- Table 1 below shows numerical data of the optical system LS for HMD according to the present example.
- the surface number indicates the number of each optical surface from the light source side
- Ry is the radius of curvature in the y-axis direction
- Rx is the radius of curvature in the x-axis direction
- D is the surface spacing (optical surface) Nd represents the refractive index with respect to the d-line.
- the surface s11 is an X toroidal surface.
- Table 3 shows the value of the aspheric coefficient of the X toroidal surface. ⁇ Table 3> Coefficient s11 Rx 9.40251 Ry -43.68784 K 0 T4 -2.87802E-03 T6 -2.95453E-06 T8 1.41755E-05 T10 -5.66466E-07
- the surfaces s8, s9, and s14 to s16 are rotationally asymmetric free-form surfaces.
- the surface s16 is a reflective surface.
- Table 4 below shows the values of the coefficients of the xy polynomials of these free-form surfaces.
- the HMD optical system LS according to the present embodiment has all the conditional expressions (6), (7), (10), (40), (41), (43) to (46), ( 48) is satisfied, so that the above-described effects can be obtained.
- FIGS. 5 to 7 show lateral aberration diagrams of the optical system LS for HMD according to the present example.
- FIG. 8 is a distortion diagram of the HMD optical system LS according to the present example. 5 to 8, it can be understood that the optical system LS for HMD according to the present embodiment has excellent imaging performance with the keystone distortion corrected well.
- the HMD optical system LS includes, in order from the light source side, a light deflection element M1, a first lens group G1, a second lens group G2, a third lens group G3, and a light reflection element M2.
- the first lens group G1 includes a plurality of rotationally symmetric lenses L11 and L12 and one free-form surface lens L13.
- the second lens group G2 is configured by a lens L21 disposed in the vicinity of the intermediate image formation position by the first lens group G1.
- the third lens group G3 includes one rotationally symmetric lens L31 and one free-form surface lens L32.
- the optical system LS for HMD reflects the light from a light source in the diagonal direction with the light reflection element M2, the whole can be reduced in size.
- the optical system LS for HMD can correct rotationally asymmetric aberration and trapezoidal distortion generated by reflecting light from the light source in an oblique direction by the free curved surfaces of the free curved lens L13, L32 and the light reflecting element M2.
- the overall number of lenses can be reduced by reducing the number of lenses. Therefore, with the above configuration, the optical system LS for HMD is small and light and can obtain excellent optical performance.
- the lens surface on the light reflecting element M2 side of the lens L21 constituting the second lens group G2 is configured by an X toroidal surface, and satisfies the condition of the expression (6).
- the lens L21 constituting the second lens group G2 has a convex meniscus shape on the light reflecting element side, and the lens surface closer to the intermediate imaging position functions as a diffusion plate. And the condition of the formula (7) was satisfied. Accordingly, light can be diffused without applying a load to other lens groups, and the diameter of the light flux after diffusion can be widened to increase the eye motion area.
- the HMD optical system LS satisfies the conditions of the expressions (10), (40), and (41) in the rotationally symmetric lens L31 and the free-form surface lens L32 of the third lens group G3.
- the chromatic aberration and the rotationally symmetric aberration are mainly corrected by the front lens surface of the free-form surface lens L32 and the rotationally symmetric lens L31, and the light-reflecting element M2 generates the rear-side lens surface of the free-form surface lens L32.
- Correction of the wax rotationally asymmetric aberration can be mainly performed, and the rotationally symmetric aberration component and the rotationally asymmetrical aberration component can be efficiently corrected.
- the optical system LS for HMD is configured to satisfy the condition of the expression (43) on both the front and rear lens surfaces of the free-form surface lens L13 of the first lens group G1.
- the free-form surface lens L13 corrects the trapezoidal distortion generated in the light reflecting element M2
- the free-form surface lens L13 itself corrects the rotationally asymmetric aberration generated by the correction, and the primary image formation of the first lens group G1.
- a good image can be formed on the surface.
- the focal length f1 of the entire first lens group G1 and the distance L on the optical axis between the light deflection element M1 and the light reflection element M2 satisfy the condition of the expression (44). I was satisfied. Thereby, the optical system LS for HMD can be reduced in size and aberration correction can be performed appropriately.
- the Abbe number difference ⁇ d1 between the two rotationally symmetric lenses L11 and L12 of the first lens group G1 satisfies the condition of the expression (45), and the rotational symmetry of the third lens group G3 is satisfied.
- the Abbe number difference ⁇ d2 between the lens L31 and the free-form surface lens L32 is set to satisfy the condition of the equation (46).
- the HMD optical system LS connects four arrival positions of principal rays having an angle of view corresponding to the four corners of the image drawn on the drawing surface I among the rays reaching the reflection surface in the light reflecting element M2.
- the figure formed in the above has a trapezoidal shape, and this trapezoidal shape satisfies the condition of the formula (48).
- the chief rays of each angle of view of the image drawn on the drawing surface I can be condensed at one point at the position of the user's eyes, and the trapezoidal distortion on the drawing surface I can be corrected.
- the lens surface on the light reflecting element M2 side of the second lens group G2 lens L21 is configured by an X toroidal surface.
- the lens surface on the light deflecting element M1 side of the lens L21 is X. You may be comprised by the toroidal surface.
- the light reflecting element M2 is a half mirror so that the image can be visually recognized by being superimposed on an image (outside scene) of light transmitted through the light reflecting element M2.
- the present invention may be applied to a head mounted display in which the light reflecting element M2 is a non-transmissive surface.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described configuration, and various aspects may be changed.
- the radius of curvature, the surface interval, the glass material, etc. of the lenses constituting each lens group may be appropriately changed.
- Japan patent application 2013 No. 207295 (filed on October 2, 2013)
- DSP head mounted display
- LS HMD optical system
- M1 light deflecting element
- M2 light reflecting element
- G1 first lens group
- G2 second lens group
- G3 third lens group
- L11, L12, L31 ... rotationally symmetric lens
- L21 ... lens, L13, L32 free-form surface lens
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Optical Scanning Systems (AREA)
- Lenses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明の第2の態様によると、第1の態様のヘッドマウントディスプレイ用光学系において、光偏向素子と光反射素子との間の光軸方向の座標軸をz軸とし、光偏向素子と光反射素子との間の光軸および光反射素子と描画面との間の光軸を通る断面においてz軸と垂直な座標軸をy軸とし、z軸およびy軸と垂直な座標軸をx軸としたとき、第2レンズ群を構成するレンズの少なくとも一方のレンズ面がx軸方向に非球面形状を有するXトロイダル面で構成されていることが好ましい。
本発明の第3の態様によると、第2の態様のヘッドマウントディスプレイ用光学系において、第2レンズ群を構成するレンズの光反射素子側のレンズ面が、Xトロイダル面で構成され、x軸方向の曲率半径をRx、y軸方向の曲率半径をRyとしたとき、実施の形態の式(6)を満足することが好ましい。
本発明の第4の態様によると、第1~3のいずれか一態様のヘッドマウントディスプレイ用光学系において、第2レンズ群を構成するレンズは、光反射素子側に凸のメニスカス形状を有し、且つ中間像の結像位置に近い方のレンズ面が光源からの光を拡散させる拡散板としての機能を有し、光偏向素子と光反射素子との間の光軸方向の座標軸をz軸とし、第1レンズ群と光反射素子との間の光軸および光反射素子と描画面との間の光軸を通る断面においてz軸と垂直な座標軸をy軸とし、第2レンズ群を構成するレンズにおいて、拡散板としての機能を有するレンズ面のy軸方向の曲率半径をRy1とし、当該レンズ面と反対側のレンズ面のy軸方向の曲率半径をRy2としたとき、実施の形態の式(7)を満足することが好ましい。
本発明の第5の態様によると、第1~4のいずれか一態様のヘッドマウントディスプレイ用光学系において、光偏向素子と光反射素子との間の光軸方向の座標軸をz軸とし、光偏向素子と光反射素子との間の光軸および光反射素子と描画面との間の光軸を通る断面においてz軸と垂直な座標軸をy軸とし、z軸およびy軸と垂直な座標軸をx軸とし、第3レンズ群において、自由曲面レンズのレンズ面と光軸との交点を原点とする座標系(x,y,z)を定義し、自由曲面レンズのレンズ面のサグ量zをx,yの多項式で表した場合における、自由曲面レンズの回転対称レンズ側のレンズ面のx2乗項の係数をfC4、x4乗項の係数をfC11、y2乗項の係数をfC6、y4乗項の係数をfC15とし、当該レンズ面と反対側のレンズ面のx2乗項の係数をrC4、x4乗項の係数をrC11、y2乗項の係数をrC6、y4乗項の係数をrC15とし、実施の形態の式(8)および(9)を定義したとき、実施の形態の式(10)を満足し、さらに、第3レンズ群において、回転対称レンズにおける自由曲面レンズ側のレンズ面の曲率半径をRrotとし、回転対称レンズと自由曲面レンズとの間の光軸上の距離をDとしたとき、実施の形態の式(40)および(41)を満足することが好ましい。
本発明の第6の態様によると、第1~5のいずれか一態様のヘッドマウントディスプレイ用光学系において、光偏向素子と光反射素子との間の光軸方向の座標軸をz軸とし、光偏向素子と光反射素子との間の光軸および光反射素子と描画面との間の光軸を通る断面においてz軸と垂直な座標軸をy軸とし、z軸およびy軸と垂直な座標軸をx軸とし、第1レンズ群において、自由曲面レンズのレンズ面と光軸との交点を原点とする座標系(x,y,z)を定義し、自由曲面レンズのレンズ面のサグ量zをx,yの多項式で表した場合における、x2乗項の係数をC4、y2乗項の係数をC6としたとき、自由曲面レンズの前後両方のレンズ面において実施の形態の式(43)を満足することが好ましい。
本発明の第7の態様によると、第1~6のいずれか一態様のヘッドマウントディスプレイ用光学系において、第1レンズ群全体の焦点距離をf1とし、光偏向素子と光反射素子との間の光軸上の距離をLとしたとき、実施の形態の式(44)を満足することが好ましい。
本発明の第8の態様によると、第1~7のいずれか一態様のヘッドマウントディスプレイ用光学系において、d線に対する屈折率をNd、F線に対する屈折率をNF、C線に対する屈折率をNCとし、アッベ数νdを実施の形態の式(47)で定義し、第1レンズ群の複数の回転対称レンズにおけるアッベ数νdの差の最大値をΔνd1とし、第3レンズ群の回転対称レンズと自由曲面レンズにおけるアッベ数νdの差をΔνd2としたとき、実施の形態の式(45)および(46)を満足することが好ましい。
本発明の第9の態様によると、第1~8のいずれか一態様のヘッドマウントディスプレイ用光学系において、光偏向素子と光反射素子との間の光軸方向の座標軸をz軸とし、光偏向素子と光反射素子との間の光軸および光反射素子と描画面との間の光軸を通る断面においてz軸と垂直な座標軸をy軸とし、y軸の負方向を、光反射素子によって光軸が折り曲げられる側の方向であるとしたとき、光反射素子において、反射面に到達する光線のうち画像の4隅に対応する画角の主光線の到達位置4点を結んで形成される図形が台形形状であり、台形形状の底辺のうちy軸の正方向側を上底とし、負方向側を下底とし、上底の長さをLupとし、下底の長さをLundとしたとき、実施の形態の式(48)を満足することが好ましい。
本発明の第10の態様によると、第1~9のいずれか一態様のヘッドマウントディスプレイ用光学系において、光反射素子は、光を透過する材質で構成され、反射面と反対側の面から入射した光を透過させることが可能に構成され、光反射素子を透過して描画面上に達した光により結像される像と重なって、画像が描画面上に描画されることが好ましい。
本発明の第11の態様によると、ヘッドマウントディスプレイは、第1~10のいずれか一態様のヘッドマウントディスプレイ用光学系を備える。
次に、本実施形態に係る実施例について説明する。図2および図3は、本実施例に係るHMD用光学系LSの構成を説明する図である。本実施例に係るHMD用光学系LSは、光源(不図示)側から順に、光偏向素子M1と、第1レンズ群G1と、第2レンズ群G2と、第3レンズ群G3と、光反射素子M2と、を備える。
<表1>
面番号 Surface Type Ry Rx D Nd
s0 物体面 無限 ← 無限
s1 絞り面 無限 ← 8.00000
s2 非球面 29.22450 ← 3.60000 1.61420
s3 非球面 6.82988 ← 0.50000
s4 非球面 9.52201 ← 4.64956 1.53113
s5 非球面 -11.55702 ← 0.50000
s6 フィルター面 無限 ← 0.10038 1.51680
s7 フィルター面 無限 ← 4.24326
s8 自由曲面 12.66031 ← 3.60000 1.53113
s9 自由曲面 14.97916 ← 11.83267
s10 球面 -100.00000 ← 1.65000 1.49080
s11 Xトロイダル面 -43.68784 9.40251 6.87359
s12 非球面 -61.51808 ← 8.44181 1.61420
s13 非球面 16.61681 ← 0.80873
s14 自由曲面 無限 ← 11.20000 1.49080
s15 自由曲面 無限 ← 24.00000
refl_s16 自由曲面 無限 ← -45.00000 反射面
s17 像面(描画面) 無限 ← -
<表2>
(非球面データ1)
係数 s2 s3 s4 s5
Ry 29.22450 6.82988 9.52201 -11.55702
K 0 0 0 0
A4 -5.48866E-04 -1.31081E-03 -4.43283E-04 -3.85018E-05
A6 3.40408E-07 -7.12036E-06 -7.34656E-06 1.60928E-06
A8 2.09680E-07 1.71298E-08 -7.12654E-08 4.68098E-10
A10 -5.06819E-09 1.16043E-09 9.65326E-10 -2.04229E-10
A12 -4.11852E-10 -4.81902E-11 4.74224E-11 -1.58292E-11
(非球面データ2)
係数 s12 s13
Ry -61.51808 16.61681
K 0 0
A4 -4.30748E-05 -5.47315E-05
A6 9.98383E-07 -3.49955E-07
A8 -4.83228E-09 -7.40161E-10
A10 2.04352E-11 3.24607E-12
A12 -3.54814E-13 -1.83364E-15
A14 -2.96196E-15 4.31121E-17
A16 -3.47413E-17 2.65999E-19
A18 9.15311E-20 -4.45791E-22
A20 5.08369E-21 -5.50057E-24
<表3>
係数 s11
Rx 9.40251
Ry -43.68784
K 0
T4 -2.87802E-03
T6 -2.95453E-06
T8 1.41755E-05
T10 -5.66466E-07
(自由曲面データ1)
係数 S8 s9
c(曲率) 12.66030735 14.97916071
C1(K) 0.00000E+00 2.37722E+00
C3(y) -1.22412E-02 -2.04538E-02
C4(x2) -4.79507E-02 -7.68109E-02
C5(xy) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C6(y2) 2.39493E-02 3.02232E-02
C7(x3) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C8(x2y) 4.90430E-03 6.46110E-03
C9(xy2) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C10(y3) -6.67628E-04 -1.51376E-03
C11(x4) 1.37514E-03 1.43214E-03
C12(x3y) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C13(x2y2) 2.24698E-04 1.92804E-04
C14(xy3) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C15(y4) -1.29326E-04 -2.83018E-04
C16(x5) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C17(x4y) -1.43304E-04 -8.14209E-05
C18(x3y2) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C19(x2y3) -3.37239E-05 3.24514E-07
C20(xy4) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C21(y5) 1.74109E-05 4.75077E-05
C22(x6) -1.16028E-05 1.57429E-05
C23(x5y) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C24(x4y2) 1.10855E-06 -1.89768E-06
C25(x3y3) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C26(x2y4) 6.91621E-06 1.13882E-05
C27(xy5) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C28(y6) 4.00487E-06 8.58738E-06
C29(x7) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C30(x6y) -4.56638E-07 -5.37659E-06
C31(x5y2) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C32(x4y3) 3.85806E-07 -2.62833E-06
C33(x3y4) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C34(x2y5) -2.97916E-07 -1.25760E-06
C35(xy6) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C36(y7) -1.21878E-07 -4.54383E-07
C37(x8) -2.75664E-07 -1.06467E-06
C38(x7y) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C39(x6y2) 2.25008E-07 5.94529E-07
C40(x5y3) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C41(x4y4) -2.01362E-08 8.40335E-08
C42(x3y5) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C43(x2y6) -5.90430E-08 -2.97768E-07
C44(xy7) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C45(y8) -1.47995E-09 -4.77896E-09
C46(x9) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C47(x8y) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C48(x7y2) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C49(x6y3) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C50(x5y4) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C51(x4y5) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C52(x3y6) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C53(x2y7) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C54(xy8) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C55(y9) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C56(x10) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C57(x9y) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C58(x8y2) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C59(x7y3) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C60(x6y4) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C61(x5y5) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C62(x4y6) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C63(x3y7) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C64(x2y8) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C65(xy9) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C66(y10) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
(自由曲面データ2)
係数 s14 s15 s16(反射面)
c(曲率) 無限 無限 無限
C1(K) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C3(y) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C4(x2) 3.38664E-02 -4.54002E-02 -6.15738E-04
C5(xy) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C6(y2) 3.36434E-02 -3.37166E-02 -2.35402E-03
C7(x3) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C8(x2y) -5.58385E-04 -1.02305E-04 -3.08743E-05
C9(xy2) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C10(y3) 4.21932E-04 2.72980E-04 -1.99563E-05
C11(x4) -2.29481E-05 8.02671E-05 -7.08460E-05
C12(x3y) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C13(x2y2) -1.54430E-04 -1.02753E-05 -2.29566E-05
C14(xy3) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C15(y4) -7.25766E-06 1.19793E-05 -7.12111E-06
C16(x5) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C17(x4y) -9.70680E-06 -2.93798E-06 3.43618E-06
C18(x3y2) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C19(x2y3) 6.45706E-06 -2.01459E-06 2.76982E-06
C20(xy4) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C21(y5) -3.46183E-06 5.65196E-08 7.40762E-07
C22(x6) -8.46018E-07 -4.79025E-07 1.01475E-06
C23(x5y) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C24(x4y2) -5.86228E-07 9.29455E-08 -8.17737E-08
C25(x3y3) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C26(x2y4) -1.58046E-07 2.95336E-08 1.56655E-07
C27(xy5) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C28(y6) -5.03212E-07 2.58381E-07 6.16791E-09
C29(x7) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C30(x6y) 7.24202E-08 -2.70062E-08 1.32694E-08
C31(x5y2) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C32(x4y3) 7.23348E-08 3.00835E-08 -1.15413E-07
C33(x3y4) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C34(x2y5) -9.93621E-09 3.10091E-08 -4.52776E-08
C35(xy6) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C36(y7) 1.00627E-08 -9.06014E-09 -9.31799E-09
C37(x8) 4.29560E-09 4.28135E-10 -1.44084E-09
C38(x7y) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C39(x6y2) 1.51442E-09 -1.78074E-08 2.31693E-08
C40(x5y3) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C41(x4y4) 3.56272E-09 1.92810E-09 1.09225E-09
C42(x3y5) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C43(x2y6) 4.03754E-09 2.28979E-09 -1.13335E-09
C44(xy7) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C45(y8) 2.72814E-10 -2.48776E-09 5.58966E-10
C46(x9) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C47(x8y) -1.95707E-09 -1.70257E-09 -1.46366E-09
C48(x7y2) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C49(x6y3) -6.44138E-11 -1.19312E-10 1.23046E-09
C50(x5y4) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C51(x4y5) -1.36849E-11 4.47695E-10 6.19476E-10
C52(x3y6) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C53(x2y7) 1.24875E-10 -2.30615E-11 3.21687E-10
C54(xy8) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C55(y9) -6.91918E-11 -8.94855E-12 4.96633E-11
C56(x10) 1.70282E-10 7.42339E-11 -1.23571E-10
C57(x9y) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C58(x8y2) 2.24934E-12 2.37601E-10 -3.04716E-10
C59(x7y3) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C60(x6y4) 3.37067E-12 -7.07739E-12 -1.54154E-10
C61(x5y5) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C62(x4y6) -2.27418E-11 5.91122E-12 1.03088E-11
C63(x3y7) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C64(x2y8) 2.82575E-13 -1.18488E-11 -9.79045E-12
C65(xy9) 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
C66(y10) -5.02534E-12 -8.25320E-13 -4.54704E-12
式(6) 9.40250 / (-43.68784) = -0.21522 -0.5 < -0.21522 < 0
式(7) -|-43.68784| / (-100) = 0.43688 0 < 0.43688 < 1
式(40) 1 / (4*0.03387*0.03364*16.61681*16.61681) = 0.79465
0.5 < 0.79465 < 1.2
式(41) D = 0.80873 0 < 0.80873 < 1
式(43) s8面:(-0.04795) / 0.02395 = -2.00209 < 0
S9面:(-0.07681) / 0.03022 = -2.54169 < 0
式(44) L=90.0000 f1=20.6758 L/f1=4.3529
式(45) L11:νd = (1.61420 - 1) / (1.63140 - 1.60740) = 25.59167
L12:νd = (1.53113 - 1) / (1.53783 - 1.52830) = 55.73243
L12νd - L11νd = 30.14076 8 < 30.14076 < 40
式(46) L31:νd = (1.61420 - 1) / (1.63140 - 1.60740) = 25.59167
L32:νd = (1.49080 - 1) / (1.49600 - 1.48830) = 63.74026
L32νd - L31νd = 38.14859 8 < 38.14859 < 40
式(48) Lup / Lund = 8.1015 / 7.01762 = 1.15445 1 < 1.15445 < 1.5
(1)HMD用光学系LSは、光源側から順に、光偏向素子M1と、第1レンズ群G1と、第2レンズ群G2と、第3レンズ群G3と、光反射素子M2と、を備える。第1レンズ群G1は、複数の回転対称レンズL11,L12と1枚の自由曲面レンズL13とで構成される。第2レンズ群G2は、第1レンズ群G1による中間結像位置近傍に配置されたレンズL21により構成される。第3レンズ群G3は、1枚の回転対称レンズL31と1枚の自由曲面レンズL32とで構成される。このようにHMD用光学系LSは、光源からの光を光反射素子M2で斜め方向に反射するので、全体を小型化できる。また、HMD用光学系LSは、自由曲面レンズL13,L32および光反射素子M2の自由曲面によって、光源からの光を斜め方向に反射することで発生する回転非対称な収差および台形歪みを補正でき、且つレンズ枚数を減らして全体を軽量化することができる。したがって、以上の構成により、HMD用光学系LSは、小型軽量で優れた光学性能を得ることができる。
上述した実施例では、第1レンズ群G1に2枚の回転対称レンズL11,L12が設けられている例について述べたが、第1レンズ群G1に3枚以上の回転対称レンズが設けられていてもよい。この場合は、第1レンズ群G1における複数の回転対称レンズのアッベ数νdの差の最大値をΔνd1とし、上記式(45)を満足することが望ましい。
日本国特許出願2013年第207295号(2013年10月2日出願)
Claims (11)
- 光源側から順に、
前記光源からの光の進行方向を変化させる光偏向素子と、
全体として正の屈折力を有し、光軸に対して回転対称に形成された複数の回転対称レンズと光軸に対して回転非対称に形成された1枚の自由曲面レンズとで構成され、前記光偏向素子を介して入射した光を集光する第1レンズ群と、
前記第1レンズ群により形成される中間像の結像位置近傍に配置された、正の屈折力を有する1枚のレンズにより構成された第2レンズ群と、
光軸に対して回転対称に形成された1枚の回転対称レンズと光軸に対して回転非対称に形成された1枚の自由曲面レンズとで構成された第3レンズ群と、
光軸に対して回転非対称に形成された自由曲面形状であり、前記第3レンズ群を透過した光を反射させる反射面を有する光反射素子と、
を備え、
前記光偏向素子による前記光源からの光の進行方向の変化に応じて、前記反射面で反射して使用者の網膜に位置すると想定される描画面上に達する光が前記描画面上で移動し、前記描画面上に画像が描画されるように構成されているヘッドマウントディスプレイ用光学系。 - 請求項1に記載のヘッドマウントディスプレイ用光学系において、
前記光偏向素子と前記光反射素子との間の光軸方向の座標軸をz軸とし、前記光偏向素子と前記光反射素子との間の光軸および前記光反射素子と前記描画面との間の光軸を通る断面において前記z軸と垂直な座標軸をy軸とし、前記z軸および前記y軸と垂直な座標軸をx軸としたとき、前記第2レンズ群を構成するレンズの少なくとも一方のレンズ面が前記x軸方向に非球面形状を有するXトロイダル面で構成されているヘッドマウントディスプレイ用光学系。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のヘッドマウントディスプレイ用光学系において、
前記第2レンズ群を構成するレンズは、前記光反射素子側に凸のメニスカス形状を有し、且つ前記中間像の結像位置に近い方のレンズ面が前記光源からの光を拡散させる拡散板としての機能を有し、
前記光偏向素子と前記光反射素子との間の光軸方向の座標軸をz軸とし、前記第1レンズ群と前記光反射素子との間の光軸および前記光反射素子と前記描画面との間の光軸を通る断面において前記z軸と垂直な座標軸をy軸とし、前記第2レンズ群を構成するレンズにおいて、前記拡散板としての機能を有するレンズ面の前記y軸方向の曲率半径をRy1とし、当該レンズ面と反対側のレンズ面の前記y軸方向の曲率半径をRy2としたとき、次式(2)
を満足するヘッドマウントディスプレイ用光学系。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のヘッドマウントディスプレイ用光学系において、
前記光偏向素子と前記光反射素子との間の光軸方向の座標軸をz軸とし、前記光偏向素子と前記光反射素子との間の光軸および前記光反射素子と前記描画面との間の光軸を通る断面において前記z軸と垂直な座標軸をy軸とし、前記z軸および前記y軸と垂直な座標軸をx軸とし、前記第3レンズ群において、前記自由曲面レンズのレンズ面と光軸との交点を原点とする座標系(x,y,z)を定義し、前記自由曲面レンズのレンズ面のサグ量zをx,yの多項式で表した場合における、前記自由曲面レンズの前記回転対称レンズ側のレンズ面のx2乗項の係数をfC4、x4乗項の係数をfC11、y2乗項の係数をfC6、y4乗項の係数をfC15とし、当該レンズ面と反対側のレンズ面のx2乗項の係数をrC4、x4乗項の係数をrC11、y2乗項の係数をrC6、y4乗項の係数をrC15とし、次式(3)および(4)
を定義したとき、次式(5)
を満足し、さらに、
前記第3レンズ群において、前記回転対称レンズにおける前記自由曲面レンズ側のレンズ面の曲率半径をRrotとし、前記回転対称レンズと前記自由曲面レンズとの間の光軸上の距離をDとしたとき、次式(6)および(7)
を満足するヘッドマウントディスプレイ用光学系。 - 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のヘッドマウントディスプレイ用光学系において、
前記光偏向素子と前記光反射素子との間の光軸方向の座標軸をz軸とし、前記光偏向素子と前記光反射素子との間の光軸および前記光反射素子と前記描画面との間の光軸を通る断面において前記z軸と垂直な座標軸をy軸とし、前記z軸および前記y軸と垂直な座標軸をx軸とし、前記第1レンズ群において、前記自由曲面レンズのレンズ面と光軸との交点を原点とする座標系(x,y,z)を定義し、前記自由曲面レンズのレンズ面のサグ量zをx,yの多項式で表した場合における、x2乗項の係数をC4、y2乗項の係数をC6としたとき、前記自由曲面レンズの前後両方のレンズ面において次式(8)
を満足するヘッドマウントディスプレイ用光学系。 - 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載のヘッドマウントディスプレイ用光学系において、
前記光偏向素子と前記光反射素子との間の光軸方向の座標軸をz軸とし、前記光偏向素子と前記光反射素子との間の光軸および前記光反射素子と前記描画面との間の光軸を通る断面において前記z軸と垂直な座標軸をy軸とし、前記y軸の負方向を、前記光反射素子によって光軸が折り曲げられる側の方向であるとしたとき、
前記光反射素子において、前記反射面に到達する光線のうち前記画像の4隅に対応する画角の主光線の到達位置4点を結んで形成される図形が台形形状であり、前記台形形状の底辺のうち前記y軸の正方向側を上底とし、負方向側を下底とし、上底の長さをLupとし、下底の長さをLundとしたとき、次式(13)
を満足するヘッドマウントディスプレイ用光学系。 - 請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載のヘッドマウントディスプレイ用光学系において、
前記光反射素子は、光を透過する材質で構成され、前記反射面と反対側の面から入射した光を透過させることが可能に構成され、
前記光反射素子を透過して前記描画面上に達した光により結像される像と重なって、前記画像が前記描画面上に描画されるヘッドマウントディスプレイ用光学系。 - 請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載のヘッドマウントディスプレイ用光学系を備えるヘッドマウントディスプレイ。
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| CN113341559A (zh) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-09-03 | 深圳纳德光学有限公司 | 一种反射式目镜光学系统及头戴近眼显示装置 |
| CN113341557B (zh) * | 2021-08-02 | 2022-08-02 | 深圳纳德光学有限公司 | 一种反射式目镜光学系统及头戴近眼显示装置 |
| CN113341559B (zh) * | 2021-08-02 | 2022-08-05 | 深圳纳德光学有限公司 | 一种反射式目镜光学系统及头戴近眼显示装置 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP6387967B2 (ja) | 2018-09-12 |
| US10175486B2 (en) | 2019-01-08 |
| CN105593745B (zh) | 2018-03-27 |
| CN105593745A (zh) | 2016-05-18 |
| JPWO2015050194A1 (ja) | 2017-03-09 |
| US20160320619A1 (en) | 2016-11-03 |
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