WO2015049839A1 - アニオン交換樹脂を溶媒に溶解させたアイオノマー溶液 - Google Patents
アニオン交換樹脂を溶媒に溶解させたアイオノマー溶液 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/881—Electrolytic membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J41/00—Anion exchange; Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/08—Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/12—Macromolecular compounds
- B01J41/14—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L53/02—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
- C08L53/025—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes modified
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8663—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for catalytic active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8663—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for catalytic active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/8668—Binders
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ionomer solution in which an anion exchange resin is dissolved in a solvent.
- a cathode catalyst layer and an anode catalyst layer are formed on both sides of an electrolyte membrane, and these catalyst layers are formed of an ionomer and a catalyst. Since the ionomer plays a role for imparting ion conductivity, the ionomer includes a material having ion conductivity, for example, an ion exchange resin.
- the ion exchange resin has an ion exchange group.
- an anion exchange resin has an anion exchange group.
- Such anion exchange groups are often produced using trimethylamine (for example, Patent Document 1).
- Trimethylamine is a gas that is a gas at normal temperature and pressure and emits a peculiar odor.
- an object of the present invention is to produce an anion exchange resin having an amine unit with improved handleability and to provide an ionomer solution in which the anion exchange resin is dissolved in a solvent.
- the present invention An ionomer solution containing an anion exchange resin and a solvent, The anion exchange resin is dissolved in the solvent;
- the anion exchange resin has a base resin and an anion exchange group,
- the base resin contains a styrene-based elastomer,
- the anion exchange group has at least one amine unit selected from the group consisting of N, N-dimethylalkylamine having an alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms and a bicycloalkane having a nitrogen atom at the bridge head position.
- An ionomer solution that is a quaternary ammonium base is provided.
- the present invention also provides a catalyst electrode composition for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprising an ionomer solution and an electrode catalyst produced according to the present invention.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell member of the present invention is a polymer electrolyte fuel cell member including an anion exchange membrane, wherein the anion exchange membrane is provided on at least one surface of the anion exchange membrane. It has a layer formed from an electrode composition.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the present invention includes the polymer electrolyte fuel cell member obtained by the present invention.
- the ionomer solution of the present invention uses, as a solvent, an anion exchange resin having an amine unit which is an N, N-dimethylalkylamine having an alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms and / or a bicycloalkane having a nitrogen atom at the bridge head position. It has been dissolved.
- the amines constituting these amine units are relatively easy to handle, and are excellent in ion exchange capacity and ionic conductivity among amine units excluding trimethylamine units. Therefore, according to the present invention, an ionomer solution having an amine unit that is relatively easy to handle and having good ion exchange capacity and ion conductivity can be obtained.
- the ionomer solution of the present embodiment is An ionomer solution containing an anion exchange resin and a solvent, The anion exchange resin is dissolved in a solvent, The anion exchange resin has a base resin and an anion exchange group, The base resin contains a styrene elastomer, 4 wherein the anion exchange group has at least one amine unit selected from the group consisting of N, N-dimethylalkylamine having an alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms and a bicycloalkane having a nitrogen atom at the bridge head position.
- a quaternary ammonium base is An ionomer solution containing an anion exchange resin and a solvent, The anion exchange resin is dissolved in a solvent, The anion exchange resin has a base resin and an anion exchange group, The base resin contains a styrene elastomer, 4 wherein the anion exchange group has at least one amine unit selected from the group consisting of N, N-di
- the ionomer solution includes an anion exchange resin and a solvent, and the anion exchange resin is dissolved in the solvent.
- the solvent contained in the ionomer solution is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent in which the anion exchange resin is dissolved.
- solvents include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, n-butanol, methyl ethyl ketone, acetonitrile, nitromethane, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N -Dimethylacetamide and the like, and these solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. If necessary, a volatile solvent may be used.
- the anion exchange resin contained in the ionomer solution has a base resin and an anion exchange group.
- the styrene elastomer contained in the base resin is not particularly limited, and a block copolymer composed of a hard block (styrene part) and a soft block (elastomer part) can be used.
- styrenic elastomers include, for example, styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SBS), styrene- (butadiene / butylene) -styrene block copolymer (SBBS), styrene- (ethylene / butylene) -styrene block.
- SEBS Styrene-isobutylene-styrene block copolymer
- SIBS styrene-isobutylene-styrene block copolymer
- SIBS styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer
- SEPS Styrene- (ethylene / propylene) block copolymer
- SEP Styrene- (ethylene / propylene) block copolymer
- SEEPS styrene- (ethylene-ethylene / propylene) -styrene block copolymer
- Styrene elastomers include styrene- (ethylene / butylene) -styrene block copolymer (SEBS), styrene-isobutylene-styrene block copolymer (SIBS), styrene- (ethylene / propylene) -styrene block copolymer ( Styrenic elastomers in which the elastomer part has a saturated structure such as SEPS) are suitable. This is because if the elastomer portion of the styrene elastomer has an unsaturated bond, the unsaturated bond portion may react and gel when an anion exchange group is introduced into the styrene elastomer.
- SEBS styrene- (ethylene / butylene) -styrene block copolymer
- SIBS styrene-isobutylene-styrene block copolymer
- the weight of the styrene portion of the styrene elastomer is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 10 to 70%, particularly 25 to 55% of the total weight of the styrene elastomer.
- Use of such a styrene-based elastomer is suitable for improving the mechanical properties and electrical properties of the anion exchange resin.
- the base resin may further contain an alkyl chain bonded to the aromatic ring of the styrene elastomer.
- the anion exchange group may be bonded to this alkyl chain. That is, the anion exchange resin has a styrene elastomer, an alkyl chain (hereinafter, alkyl chain R), and an anion exchange group, and the styrene elastomer and the anion exchange group are alkyl chains bonded to the aromatic ring of the styrene elastomer. They are connected via R.
- the alkyl chain R is preferably an alkyl chain having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, specifically a methyl chain, an ethyl chain, a propyl chain, or a butyl chain.
- the alkyl chain R may be obtained by introducing a halogenated alkyl group into the aromatic ring of the styrene elastomer.
- the halogen of the halogenated alkyl group (RX) is, for example, iodine, bromine, chlorine or fluorine, and particularly bromine or chlorine.
- the halogenated alkyl group is, for example, a chloromethyl group, a chloroethyl group, or a bromobutyl group, and particularly a chloromethyl group.
- a halogenated alkyl group into an aromatic ring of a styrene elastomer
- the halogenated alkyl group is a chloromethyl group
- a chloromethyl group can be introduced into the aromatic ring of the styrene elastomer.
- chloromethylating agent examples include chloromethyl methyl ether, 1,4-bis (chloromethoxy) butane, 1-chloromethoxy-4-chlorobutane, formaldehyde-hydrogen chloride, paraformaldehyde-hydrogen chloride, and particularly chloromethyl methyl ether. It is.
- a chloromethyl group can be favorably introduced into the aromatic ring of the styrene elastomer.
- Catalysts that can be used for this reaction are, for example, tin chloride and zinc chloride. This reaction can be carried out, for example, in the temperature range of room temperature to 120 ° C., and particularly in the temperature range of 35 ° C. to 80 ° C.
- the styrene elastomer When the halogenated alkyl group is introduced into the styrene elastomer, the styrene elastomer may be dissolved in a solvent or the like.
- a solvent or the like For example, when chloromethyl methyl ether is used as the chloromethylating agent, the styrene elastomer may be dissolved in chloromethyl methyl ether or an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the styrene elastomer, and is, for example, a halogen-containing hydrocarbon such as chloroform, dichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane.
- the anion exchange group contained in the anion exchange resin is a quaternary having an amine unit which is an N, N-dimethylalkylamine having an alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms and / or a bicycloalkane having a nitrogen atom at the bridge head position.
- Ammonium base When the base resin contains an alkyl chain R bonded to the aromatic ring of the styrene elastomer, the amine unit is preferably bonded to the alkyl chain R (for example, when the amine unit is n-butyldimethylamine). , RN (CH 3 ) 2 C 4 H 9 , R is an alkyl chain). That is, the anion exchange group is bonded to the styrene elastomer via the alkyl chain R.
- a quaternary ammonium base having an amine unit can be formed by a reaction between an alkyl halide group and an amine (a quaternization reaction of an amine).
- a quaternary ammonium base having an n-butyldimethylamine unit can be formed by reacting an alkyl halide group with n-butyldimethylamine.
- the amine used in the present embodiment is in a liquid or solid state at normal temperature and normal pressure, it is easier to handle than trimethylamine in a gaseous state at normal temperature and normal pressure, which has a unique malodor. Since no special equipment for the use or storage of amine is required, the production cost of anion exchange resins, ionomer solutions and the like may be reduced.
- steric hindrance due to a substituent bonded to a nitrogen atom is relatively small.
- N, N-dimethylalkylamine has a structure in which two methyl groups having a small steric structure are bonded to a nitrogen atom, it is considered that steric hindrance caused by a substituent is relatively small.
- a bicycloalkane having a nitrogen atom at the bridge head position is considered to have a relatively small steric hindrance due to the substituent because the substituent bonded to the nitrogen atom forms a ring structure. Therefore, it is considered that the reaction at the lone pair existing on the nitrogen atom of these amines is hardly inhibited. As a result, quaternization reaction of amine is likely to occur and quaternary ammonium base is likely to be formed.
- the obtained anion exchange resin has many quaternary ammonium bases and further has an amine unit having a relatively small steric hindrance due to a substituent bonded to a nitrogen atom. Therefore, the ion exchange capacity of the anion exchange resin can be improved and the ionic conductivity can be improved.
- N, N-dimethylalkylamine is, for example, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, or a pentyl group, and an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl group, or a pentyl group is preferable.
- N, N-dimethylalkylamine is, for example, N, N-dimethylethylamine, N, N-dimethylpropylamine, N, N-dimethylbutylamine (n-butyldimethylamine), N, N-dimethylpentan-1-amine is there.
- a bicycloalkane molecule having a nitrogen atom at the bridgehead position at least one nitrogen atom is contained, and two or more nitrogen atoms may be contained.
- the atom present at the bridgehead position refers to an atom that is duplicated in two or more ring structures present in the molecule.
- the two nitrogen atoms are both present at the bridgehead position of the bicycloalkane.
- the main ring of the bicycloalkane is preferably a saturated heterocyclic ring composed of 5 to 8 atoms. .
- the atoms constituting the main ring are preferably carbon atoms and nitrogen atoms.
- Bicycloalkanes having such a structure include, for example, 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane, 1-azabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (quinuclidine), 1-azabicyclo [2.2.1] heptane. It is.
- the reaction between the halogenated alkyl group and the amine to form a quaternary ammonium base may be carried out in a solvent.
- a solvent used in this reaction is not particularly limited, but when a solvent in which the base resin having a halogenated alkyl group is not dissolved is used, the obtained anion exchange resin and the solvent can be separated by filtration after the reaction is completed. Examples of such a solvent include methanol, ethanol, and acetone.
- the anion exchange resin has an anion (counter ion) for the quaternary ammonium base.
- the counter ion is a chloride ion.
- this anion exchange resin is dispersed in an aqueous solution of hydroxide such as potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide, the counter ion is exchanged for hydroxide ion. Since the hydroxide ions easily react with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and are converted into hydrogen carbonate ions, the hydroxide ions may be converted into hydrogen carbonate ions by bubbling with carbon dioxide gas in advance.
- the counter ion of the anion exchange group is, for example, a halogen ion such as a chloride ion, a hydroxide ion, or a bicarbonate ion, and particularly a bicarbonate ion.
- the ion exchange capacity of the anion exchange resin is not particularly limited. From the viewpoint that sufficient ion conductivity can be imparted to the catalyst layer of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell, for example, 0.1 to 5.0 mmol / g in 1 g of the anion exchange resin. g, in particular 0.4 to 2.5 mmol / g.
- the ion exchange capacity is, for example, 0.4 to 1.5 mmol / g because the solubility in water increases as the ion exchange capacity increases.
- the concentration of the anion exchange resin in the ionomer solution is not particularly limited, depending on the solubility of the anion exchange resin in the solvent, the viscosity of the ionomer solution, the amount of the anion exchange resin applied to the electrode catalyst, the permeability to the electrode catalyst, etc. You just have to decide.
- the anion exchange resin is contained in an amount of 0.5 to 30% by weight, particularly 1 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the ionomer solution.
- the catalyst electrode composition for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell obtained in the present embodiment includes the ionomer solution and the electrode catalyst of the present embodiment.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell member of the present embodiment is a polymer electrolyte fuel cell member including an anion exchange membrane, and the anion exchange membrane is formed on at least one surface of the anion exchange membrane. Having a layer formed from the catalyst electrode composition in the form.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the present embodiment includes the polymer electrolyte fuel cell member according to the present embodiment.
- the HCO 3 type anion exchange resin was immersed in an aqueous sodium chloride solution (3 mol / L) for 1 day or longer to exchange counter ions with Cl ions.
- the obtained anion exchange resin was dried at 80 ° C. for 1 hour, and the weight W [g] was measured.
- the anion exchange resin after drying was immersed in a 1N (1 mol / L) sodium nitrate aqueous solution at 60 ° C. for 24 hours to exchange counter ions with nitrate ions.
- the amount of released Cl ions A [mol] was quantified with a potentiometric titrator (COM-2500, manufactured by Hiranuma Sangyo Co., Ltd.) using 0.05N silver nitrate aqueous solution.
- An ionomer solution (HCO 3 type anion exchange resin solution) was poured onto a fluororesin Petri dish. Thereafter, the film was dried at 60 ° C. to prepare a cast film. The obtained cast film was cut into a width of 10 mm and exposed to water at 60 ° C. After 1 hour, AC impedance was measured by a four-terminal method using an LCR meter (manufactured by Hioki Electric Co., Ltd., Chemical Impedance meter 3532-80). The measurement frequency range was 10 kHz to 1 MHz.
- the real part of the obtained impedance was plotted on the horizontal axis and the imaginary part was plotted on the vertical axis, and the value of the real part of the minimum value was defined as the membrane resistance R [ ⁇ ].
- the ion conductivity [mS / cm] was determined from the following equation, where the thickness of the film was t [ ⁇ m], the width of the film was h [cm], and the distance between voltage measurement terminals was L [cm].
- Ionic conductivity [mS / cm] (L [cm] ⁇ 10 3 ) / (R [ ⁇ ] ⁇ t [ ⁇ m] ⁇ h [cm] ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 )
- the weight of the solid after drying was 14.87 g.
- the above-described method was repeated a plurality of times to produce a necessary amount of a solid after drying, and an anion exchange resin precursor 1 was obtained.
- the elemental analysis result of chlorine was performed on the anion exchange resin precursor 1.
- the amount of chloromethyl groups determined from the elemental analysis results was 1.467 mmol / g.
- Example 1 100 g of n-butyldimethylamine and 300 g of acetone were added to the 1 L flask. 10.00g of anion exchange resin precursor 1 was added to this flask, and stirring was continued at room temperature. After 3 days, the solid was filtered off. This solid was added to 0.5 N (0.5 mol / L) hydrochloric acid, stirred for 1 hour, and filtered to obtain Cl-type anion exchange resin 1. This Cl-type anion exchange resin 1 was added to a large excess of 0.5 N (0.5 mol / L) aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and stirred at room temperature. After 1 day, the solid was washed with pure water to obtain OH type anion exchange resin 1.
- This anion exchange resin was added to pure water, followed by carbon dioxide bubbling for 3 hours and then drying.
- the weight of the anion exchange resin after drying was 11.64 g.
- As the content of the HCO 3 type anion exchange resin 1 is 5 wt%, (tetrahydrofuran at a weight ratio of: 1-propanol 7: 3) mixed solvent of tetrahydrofuran and 1-propanol are dissolved in, HCO 3 type A solution of anion exchange resin 1 (ionomer solution) was obtained.
- Example 2 30 g of 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane and 270 g of acetone were added to the 1 L flask. 10.00g of anion exchange resin precursor 1 was added to this flask, and stirring was continued at room temperature. After 1 day, the solid was filtered off. This solid material was washed with acetone, filtered, and further washed with pure water, followed by filtration to obtain Cl-type anion exchange resin 2. This Cl-type anion exchange resin 2 was added to a large excess of 0.5 N (0.5 mol / L) aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and stirred at room temperature. After 1 day, the solid was washed with pure water to obtain OH type anion exchange resin 2.
- This anion exchange resin was added to pure water, followed by carbon dioxide bubbling for 3 hours and then drying.
- the weight of the anion exchange resin after drying was 11.95 g.
- As the content of the HCO 3 type anion exchange resin 2 is 5 wt%, (tetrahydrofuran at a weight ratio of: 1-propanol 7: 3) mixed solvent of tetrahydrofuran and 1-propanol are dissolved in, HCO 3 type A solution of anion exchange resin 2 (ionomer solution) was obtained.
- This anion exchange resin was added to pure water, followed by carbon dioxide bubbling for 3 hours and then drying.
- the weight of the anion exchange resin after drying was 2.24 g.
- As the content of the HCO 3 type anion exchange resin 4 is 5 wt%, (tetrahydrofuran at a weight ratio of: 1-propanol 7: 3) mixed solvent of tetrahydrofuran and 1-propanol are dissolved in, HCO 3 type A solution of anion exchange resin 4 (ionomer solution) was obtained.
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the produced anion exchange resin.
- an anion exchange resin using n-butyldimethylamine (Example 1) and an anion exchange resin using 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (Example 2) are: It had an ion exchange capacity and ion conductivity equivalent to that of an anion exchange resin using trimethylamine (Comparative Example 1).
- N-Butyldimethylamine and triethylamine are both liquid amines at normal temperature and pressure, and have the same molecular weight.
- the ion exchange resin using n-butyldimethylamine (Example 1) has better ion exchange capacity and ion conductivity than the ion exchange resin using triethylamine (Comparative Example 2). This may be due to steric hindrance around the nitrogen atom. It is considered that n-butyldimethylamine having a dimethyl group has less steric hindrance around the nitrogen atom than triethylamine. As a result, n-butyldimethylamine is easier to introduce an anion exchange group, and it is considered that an anion exchange resin having a good ion exchange capacity and ion conductivity of the obtained anion exchange resin was obtained.
- 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane has a structure in which two nitrogen atoms contained in the molecule are bonded via three ethyl chains, It is considered that the steric hindrance is relatively small and the reaction in the unshared electron pair possessed by the nitrogen atom is relatively likely to occur. As a result, it is considered that an anion exchange resin having good ion exchange capacity and ion conductivity was obtained.
- 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane is an amine in a solid state at normal temperature and pressure and is easy to handle.
- an ionomer solution in which an anion exchange resin is dissolved in a solvent can be obtained.
- This ionomer solution can be used in a catalyst electrode composition for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- This catalyst electrode composition can be used for a member for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- This member for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell can be used for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
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Abstract
Description
アニオン交換樹脂と溶媒とを含むアイオノマー溶液であって、
前記アニオン交換樹脂は前記溶媒に溶解されており、
前記アニオン交換樹脂は基材樹脂とアニオン交換基とを有し、
前記基材樹脂がスチレン系エラストマーを含み、
前記アニオン交換基が、炭素原子数が2以上であるアルキル基を有するN,N-ジメチルアルキルアミン、および窒素原子を橋頭位に有するビシクロアルカンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種のアミン単位を有する4級アンモニウム塩基である、アイオノマー溶液を提供する。
アニオン交換樹脂と溶媒とを含むアイオノマー溶液であって、
アニオン交換樹脂は溶媒に溶解されており、
アニオン交換樹脂は基材樹脂とアニオン交換基とを有し、
基材樹脂がスチレン系エラストマーを含み、
アニオン交換基が、炭素原子数が2以上であるアルキル基を有するN,N-ジメチルアルキルアミン、および窒素原子を橋頭位に有するビシクロアルカンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種のアミン単位を有する4級アンモニウム塩基である。
HCO3型アニオン交換樹脂を、塩化ナトリウム水溶液(3mol/L)中に1日以上浸漬し、対イオンをClイオンに交換した。得られたアニオン交換樹脂を80℃雰囲気下で1時間乾燥後、重量W[g]を測定した。乾燥後のアニオン交換樹脂を、60℃の1規定(1mol/L)の硝酸ナトリウム水溶液に24時間浸漬させて、対イオンを硝酸イオンに交換した。0.05N硝酸銀水溶液を用いて電位差滴定装置(平沼産業株式会社製、COM-2500)で、遊離したClイオン量A[mol]を定量した。イオン交換容量(IEC)[mmol/g]を以下の式により求めた。
イオン交換容量(IEC)[mmol/g]=A[mol]×1000/W[g]
アイオノマー溶液(HCO3型アニオン交換樹脂溶液)をフッ素樹脂製ペトリ皿上に流涎させた。その後60℃で乾燥させ、キャスト膜を作製した。得られたキャスト膜を幅10mmに裁断して、60℃の水中に曝した。1時間経過後、LCRメータ(日置電機株式会社製、Chemical Impedance meter 3532-80)を用いて、4端子法により交流インピーダンスを測定した。測定周波数範囲は10kHz~1MHzとした。得られたインピーダンスの実数部分を横軸に、虚数部分を縦軸にプロットし、極小値の実数部分の値を膜抵抗R[Ω]とした。膜の厚みをt[μm]、膜の幅をh[cm]、電圧測定端子間距離をL[cm]として、イオン伝導度[mS/cm]を次式から求めた。
イオン伝導度[mS/cm]
=(L[cm]×103)/(R[Ω]×t[μm]×h[cm]×10-4)
スチレン-(エチレン/ブチレン)-スチレンブロック共重合体(SEBS)(スチレン部の重量が共重合体全体の重量の30%)14.00gとクロロメチルメチルエーテルを126.00gとを、200ml三口フラスコに加え、窒素気流下で撹拌してSEBSを溶解させた。この溶液に塩化亜鉛(ZnCl2)0.7035gを添加し、窒素気流下、液温を40℃に保ち撹拌しながら反応させた。1時間経過後、反応溶液を大量のメタノール中に滴下した。析出した固形物を濾別し、乾燥させた。固形物の乾燥後の重量は14.87gであった。上記のような方法を複数回繰り返して、乾燥後の固形物を必要量製造し、アニオン交換樹脂前駆体1とした。アニオン交換樹脂前駆体1について塩素の元素分析結果を行った。元素分析結果から求めたクロロメチル基量は1.467mmol/gであった。
n-ブチルジメチルアミン100gおよびアセトン300gを1Lフラスコに加えた。このフラスコに、アニオン交換樹脂前駆体1を10.00g加え、室温において撹拌し続けた。3日経過後、固体物を濾別した。この固体物を0.5規定(0.5mol/L)の塩酸に加え、1時間撹拌後濾別し、Cl型アニオン交換樹脂1を得た。このCl型アニオン交換樹脂1を大過剰の0.5規定(0.5mol/L)水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に加え、室温において撹拌させた。1日経過後、固体物を純水で洗浄し、OH型アニオン交換樹脂1を得た。このアニオン交換樹脂を純水に加え、3時間二酸化炭素バブリングを行った後乾燥させた。アニオン交換樹脂の乾燥後の重量は11.64gであった。これをHCO3型アニオン交換樹脂1とした。このHCO3型アニオン交換樹脂1の含有量が5重量%となるように、テトラヒドロフランと1-プロパノールとの混合溶媒(重量比でテトラヒドロフラン:1-プロパノール=7:3)に溶解させ、HCO3型アニオン交換樹脂1の溶液(アイオノマー溶液)が得られた。
1,4-ジアザビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン30gおよびアセトン270gを1Lフラスコに加えた。このフラスコに、アニオン交換樹脂前駆体1を10.00g加え、室温において撹拌し続けた。1日経過後、固体物を濾別した。この固体物を、アセトンを用いて洗浄後、濾別し、さらに純水を用いて洗浄後、濾別し、Cl型アニオン交換樹脂2を得た。このCl型アニオン交換樹脂2を大過剰の0.5規定(0.5mol/L)水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に加え、室温において撹拌させた。1日経過後、固体物を純水で洗浄し、OH型アニオン交換樹脂2を得た。このアニオン交換樹脂を純水に加え、3時間二酸化炭素バブリングを行った後乾燥させた。アニオン交換樹脂の乾燥後の重量は11.95gであった。これをHCO3型アニオン交換樹脂2とした。このHCO3型アニオン交換樹脂2の含有量が5重量%となるように、テトラヒドロフランと1-プロパノールとの混合溶媒(重量比でテトラヒドロフラン:1-プロパノール=7:3)に溶解させ、HCO3型アニオン交換樹脂2の溶液(アイオノマー溶液)が得られた。
トリメチルアミンのエタノール溶液(4.2mol/L)50gおよびアセトン50gを200mlフラスコに加えた。このフラスコに、アニオン交換樹脂前駆体1を2.00g加え、室温において撹拌し続けた。3日経過後、固体物を濾別した。この固体物を0.5規定(0.5mol/L)塩酸に加え、1時間撹拌後濾別し、Cl型アニオン交換樹脂3を得た。このCl型アニオン交換樹脂3を大過剰の0.5規定(0.5mol/L)水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に加え、室温において撹拌させた。1日経過後、固体物を純水で洗浄し、OH型アニオン交換樹脂3を得た。このアニオン交換樹脂を純水に加え、3時間二酸化炭素バブリングを行った後乾燥させた。乾燥後のアニオン交換樹脂の重量は2.18gであった。これをHCO3型アニオン交換樹脂3とした。このHCO3型アニオン交換樹脂3の含有量が5重量%となるように、テトラヒドロフランと1-プロパノールとの混合溶媒(重量比でテトラヒドロフラン:1-プロパノール=7:3)に溶解させ、HCO3型アニオン交換樹脂3の溶液(アイオノマー溶液)が得られた。
トリエチルアミン20gおよびアセトン60gを200mlフラスコに加えた。このフラスコに、アニオン交換樹脂前駆体1を2.00g加え、室温において撹拌し続けた。3日経過後、固体物を濾別した。この固体物を0.5規定(0.5mol/L)塩酸に加え、1時間撹拌後濾別し、Cl型アニオン交換樹脂4を得た。このCl型アニオン交換樹脂4を大過剰の0.5規定(0.5mol/L)水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に加え、室温において撹拌させた。1日経過後、固体物を純水で洗浄し、OH型アニオン交換樹脂4を得た。このアニオン交換樹脂を純水に加え、3時間二酸化炭素バブリングを行った後乾燥させた。乾燥後のアニオン交換樹脂の重量は2.24gであった。これをHCO3型アニオン交換樹脂4とした。このHCO3型アニオン交換樹脂4の含有量が5重量%となるように、テトラヒドロフランと1-プロパノールとの混合溶媒(重量比でテトラヒドロフラン:1-プロパノール=7:3)に溶解させ、HCO3型アニオン交換樹脂4の溶液(アイオノマー溶液)が得られた。
Claims (9)
- アニオン交換樹脂と溶媒とを含むアイオノマー溶液であって、
前記アニオン交換樹脂は前記溶媒に溶解されており、
前記アニオン交換樹脂は基材樹脂とアニオン交換基とを有し、
前記基材樹脂がスチレン系エラストマーを含み、
前記アニオン交換基が、炭素原子数が2以上であるアルキル基を有するN,N-ジメチルアルキルアミン、および窒素原子を橋頭位に有するビシクロアルカンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種のアミン単位を有する4級アンモニウム塩基である、
アイオノマー溶液。 - 前記N,N-ジメチルアルキルアミンがn-ブチルジメチルアミンである、
請求項1に記載のアイオノマー溶液。 - 前記窒素原子を橋頭位に有するビシクロアルカンが1,4-ジアザビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタンである、
請求項1に記載のアイオノマー溶液。 - 前記基材樹脂が前記スチレン系エラストマーの芳香環に結合したアルキル鎖をさらに含み、
前記アニオン交換基が前記アルキル鎖に結合している、
請求項1に記載のアイオノマー溶液。 - 前記アルキル鎖が炭素数1~4のアルキル鎖である、
請求項4に記載のアイオノマー溶液。 - 前記アルキル鎖がメチル鎖である、
請求項4に記載のアイオノマー溶液。 - 請求項1に記載のアイオノマー溶液および電極触媒を含む固体高分子形燃料電池用の触媒電極組成物。
- アニオン交換膜を含む固体高分子形燃料電池用部材であって、
前記アニオン交換膜は、前記アニオン交換膜の少なくとも一方の面に請求項7に記載の触媒電極組成物から形成された層を有する、固体高分子形燃料電池用部材。 - 請求項8に記載の固体高分子形燃料電池用部材を含む固体高分子形燃料電池。
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| US14/773,675 US20160049663A1 (en) | 2013-10-01 | 2014-09-16 | Ionomer solution containing anion-exchange resin dissolved in solvent |
| EP14850983.9A EP3053957A4 (en) | 2013-10-01 | 2014-09-16 | Ionomer solution in which anion exchange resin is dissolved in solvent |
| CN201480009417.2A CN105073878A (zh) | 2013-10-01 | 2014-09-16 | 在溶剂中溶解有阴离子交换树脂的离聚物溶液 |
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| KR101862343B1 (ko) | 2016-09-26 | 2018-05-29 | 상명대학교 천안산학협력단 | 고분자 분쇄를 통한 음이온교환 이오노머 용액 및 이의 제조 방법 |
| CN111276723B (zh) * | 2020-02-19 | 2021-10-01 | 北京化工大学 | 一种梳状结构碱性阴离子交换膜及其制备方法 |
| JP7513971B2 (ja) * | 2020-07-16 | 2024-07-10 | 国立大学法人山梨大学 | 陰イオン交換樹脂の製造方法および電解質膜の製造方法 |
| CN115792094B (zh) * | 2022-12-16 | 2025-01-21 | 国网湖南省电力有限公司 | 一种混床中阴阳离子交换树脂比例的测试方法 |
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| ITFI20070152A1 (it) * | 2007-07-10 | 2009-01-11 | Acta Spa | Dipositivi elettrochimici contenenti membrane e ionomeri polimerici a scambio anionico. |
| EP2940764B1 (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2017-07-12 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Fuel cell membrane-electrode assembly and method for manufacturing same, and fuel cell |
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- 2014-09-16 US US14/773,675 patent/US20160049663A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-09-16 WO PCT/JP2014/004760 patent/WO2015049839A1/ja not_active Ceased
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| EP3053957A4 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
| US20160049663A1 (en) | 2016-02-18 |
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