WO2015046463A1 - ガラクトオリゴ糖の検出・定量方法 - Google Patents
ガラクトオリゴ糖の検出・定量方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015046463A1 WO2015046463A1 PCT/JP2014/075718 JP2014075718W WO2015046463A1 WO 2015046463 A1 WO2015046463 A1 WO 2015046463A1 JP 2014075718 W JP2014075718 W JP 2014075718W WO 2015046463 A1 WO2015046463 A1 WO 2015046463A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/04—Preparation or injection of sample to be analysed
- G01N30/06—Preparation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/88—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/04—Preparation or injection of sample to be analysed
- G01N30/06—Preparation
- G01N2030/067—Preparation by reaction, e.g. derivatising the sample
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/88—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86
- G01N2030/8809—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86 analysis specially adapted for the sample
- G01N2030/8813—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86 analysis specially adapted for the sample biological materials
- G01N2030/8836—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86 analysis specially adapted for the sample biological materials involving saccharides
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/02—Food
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/02—Food
- G01N33/14—Beverages
- G01N33/143—Beverages containing sugar
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/14—Heterocyclic carbon compound [i.e., O, S, N, Se, Te, as only ring hetero atom]
- Y10T436/142222—Hetero-O [e.g., ascorbic acid, etc.]
- Y10T436/143333—Saccharide [e.g., DNA, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for detecting and quantifying a galactooligosaccharide and a galactooligosaccharide in a sample containing dextrin.
- Galacto-oligosaccharide is a mixture of oligosaccharides composed mainly of galactose and having different binding modes, and is generally produced by performing a transfer reaction on lactose with ⁇ -galactosidase.
- Galacto-oligosaccharides have been reported to have physiological effects such as increasing the number of bifidobacteria inhabiting the intestine, adjusting the intestinal environment, and contributing to the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases through the reduction of mesenteric fat. It has been invaluable as a food for specified health use and various functional foods or their materials.
- galactooligosaccharide is often used as a functional ingredient in foods and drinks rich in nutritional components, such as infant formula milk and fermented milk products. Since a sugar source having a molecular size equivalent to that of -GL is often included, gel filtration chromatography cannot separate the sugar source from 4'-GL. For example, when 4'-GL in a food or drink containing maltotriose, which is a kind of saccharide contained in dextrin, is to be separated and quantified by gel filtration chromatography, maltotriose and 4'-GL have molecular sizes. Since they are the same, both peaks after elution from the column overlap, which hinders the determination of 4′-GL, that is, the determination of galactooligosaccharide.
- Patent Document 1 As a method for detecting oligosaccharides by reverse phase chromatography, a method using a column for C8 or C18 reverse phase chromatography is known (Patent Document 1). However, when separation of galactooligosaccharides in foods and drinks using these columns is attempted, other components of the foods and drinks and galactooligosaccharide components cannot be separated.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for separating 4′-GL easily and at low cost from a sample containing galactooligosaccharide and dextrin and accurately quantifying 4′-GL and galactooligosaccharide.
- the present inventors have reacted a sample containing galactooligosaccharide and dextrin with a derivatization reagent, derivatized dextrin and galactooligosaccharide in the sample, and then C30 reverse phase It was found that the galactooligosaccharide component in the sample can be sufficiently separated by subjecting it to high performance liquid chromatography using a chromatography column, and the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention is a method for detecting and quantifying galactooligosaccharide in a sample containing galactooligosaccharide and dextrin, wherein the sample is reacted with a derivatization reagent, derivatized dextrin and galactooligosaccharide in the sample,
- the present invention provides a method for detecting and quantifying a galactooligosaccharide characterized by separating a galactooligosaccharide component in the sample by high performance liquid chromatography using a C30 reverse phase chromatography column.
- the galactooligosaccharide and other components in the sample can be separated easily and at low cost, and the galactooligosaccharide can be accurately quantified.
- the method of the present invention by detecting and quantifying galactooligosaccharides of foods and drinks, etc., the amount of galactooligosaccharides contained in the foods and drinks can be accurately managed, quality can be assured, and various efficacy test data Acquisition, display, etc. can be performed accurately.
- the detection / quantification method of the present invention is derivatized galactooligosaccharide contained in a sample such as food or drink, and then subjected to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a C30 reverse phase chromatography column. And galactooligosaccharides are separated and quantified.
- Galactooligosaccharides are represented by the general formula: Gal- (Gal) n-Glc (where Gal is a galactose residue, Glc is a glucose residue, and n is an integer of 0 to 4). It is a mixture of 2 to 6 sugars containing one or more molecules. However, lactose is not included in galactooligosaccharide.
- the main component of galactooligosaccharide is trisaccharide 4′-galactosyl lactose (4′-GL) in which one galactose is bonded to the non-reducing end of lactose.
- Other specific components include Gal ⁇ 1-3Glc, Gal ⁇ 1-2Glc, Gal ⁇ 1-6Glc, Gal ⁇ 1-6Gal ⁇ 1-4Glc, Gal ⁇ 1-6Gal ⁇ 1-4Gal ⁇ 1-4Glc, Gal ⁇ 1-4Gal ⁇ 1-4Glc, Gal ⁇ 1-4Gal ⁇ 1-4Gal ⁇ 1-4Glc, and the like.
- galactooligosaccharides may be detected and quantified as a mixture, or individual galactooligosaccharide components may be detected and quantified, but after 4′-GL is separated, It is preferable to calculate the total amount of galactooligosaccharide by quantifying and calculating back from the amount, from the viewpoint of accuracy of quantification.
- the galactooligosaccharide may be obtained by any method.
- a galactooligosaccharide produced using lactose as a raw material and utilizing a transfer reaction with lactose-degrading enzyme can be used.
- ⁇ -galactosidase lactose-degrading enzyme
- a microorganism that produces an enzyme may act on the raw material.
- raw materials containing lactose include commercially available lactose, milk, milk powder, and cheese whey.
- the enzyme to be used is not particularly limited as long as it is an enzyme capable of obtaining galactooligosaccharide.
- an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing lactose in a raw material and transferring galactose produced by the decomposition to lactose or glucose include ⁇ -galactosidase and ⁇ -galactosidase. These enzymes can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the enzyme treatment conditions are not particularly limited. Generally, the raw material concentration is 10 to 70%, the pH is 3 to 8, the enzyme concentration is 0.01 to 100 units / ml, the temperature is 20 to 70 ° C., and the reaction time is 2 hours. ⁇ 3 days is appropriate.
- Commercially available galactooligosaccharide liquid sugar can also be used, and examples thereof include Oligomate 55N (Yakult Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.).
- the sample to be detected and quantified for galactooligosaccharide is not particularly limited as long as it contains galactooligosaccharide and dextrin, food for specified health use, functional food, health food, dietary supplement, infant Foods such as foods for infants, infants, pregnant women, sick people, foods for people with difficulty in swallowing, infant formulas and their raw materials, and pharmaceuticals.
- infant Foods such as foods for infants, infants, pregnant women, sick people, foods for people with difficulty in swallowing, infant formulas and their raw materials, and pharmaceuticals.
- Dextrin is a general term for substances in which 3 or more molecules of glucose are polymerized.
- Maltodextrin is a kind of dextrin, which is a polymer in which D-glucose is polymerized by ⁇ -1,4 bonds, and has a dextrose equivalent of less than 20 and is obtained by hydrolysis of starch. is there.
- Maltodextrin includes maltotriose composed of three molecules of glucose, a tetrasaccharide obtained by polymerizing four molecules of glucose, or a polysaccharide obtained by polymerizing more than one glucose.
- Maltotriose is a polymer of 3 molecules of glucose, has the same molecular weight and molecular size as 4'-GL, and has some steric structures of some hydroxyl groups.
- the dextrose equivalent is a value obtained by expressing the reducing sugar in the sample as glucose and as a percentage of the solid content.
- the maximum dextrose equivalent is 100, meaning that all solids are glucose.
- the dextrose equivalent is an index representing the hydrolysis rate from starch, and dextrose with a small dextrose equivalent, that is, a dextrose with a low hydrolysis rate contains a large amount of polysaccharide components.
- dextrose with a large dextrose equivalent that is, with a high hydrolysis rate, contains a large amount of oligosaccharides.
- a derivatization reagent is first reacted with a sample to derivatize a carbohydrate in the sample.
- the derivatization reagent is not particularly limited as long as it can derivatize galactooligosaccharide, and examples thereof include hydrophobic derivatives capable of ultraviolet, visible absorption, or fluorescence detection.
- hydrophobic derivatives capable of ultraviolet, visible absorption, or fluorescence detection.
- 1-phenyl-3 -Methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), 2-aminopyridine, 2-aminobenzamide, 3-aminoquinone, ethyl 4-aminobenzoate, butyl 4-aminobenzoate, 4-trimethylammonium aniline Can be used.
- PMP in order to sufficiently separate galactooligosaccharide components.
- a methanol solution of 0.5 M PMP and a 0.6 M NaOH solution are added to the sample and reacted at 70 ° C. for 30 minutes, and 0.1 M hydrochloric acid and chloroform are added to the reaction solution. Is added, and after stirring, the lower chloroform layer is removed.
- Carbohydrates such as galactooligosaccharides are hydrophilic, but derivatized with a hydrophobic derivatization reagent makes the derivatized part hydrophobic so that the stationary phase contains an alkyl group for high performance liquid chromatography. When used in a column, it will be retained in the column for a longer time than a hydrophilic component.
- the sample after the derivatization treatment is subjected to high performance liquid chromatography to separate the galactooligosaccharide component in the sample.
- a column used for high performance liquid chromatography a column for C30 reverse phase chromatography, that is, a column containing a C30 alkyl group (triacontyl group) in the stationary phase is used. This is because it is necessary to use a column with 30 carbon atoms in order to sufficiently separate the galactooligosaccharides in the sample.
- Develosil RPAQUEOUS Nomura Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Develosil C30-UG Nomura Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Intersil C30 S-Select GL Science Co., Ltd.
- those having a stationary phase having a cis-type alkyl group having a double bond are preferable from the viewpoint of separation ability of galactooligosaccharide, and specifically, Develosil RPAQUEOUS (Nomura Chemical Co., Ltd.) is preferable.
- the reason why the C30 reverse phase chromatography column is suitable for separating galactooligosaccharide components is that the length of the alkyl group and its three-dimensional structure contribute to the change in retention time of galactooligosaccharide and maltotriose. It is done.
- the eluent used for the high-performance liquid chromatography mobile phase can be used without particular limitation as long as it does not adversely affect the column or the apparatus.
- the eluent consists of water only, the eluate consists only of buffer, water or
- a mixed solution of a buffer solution and a polar organic solvent can be mentioned, and it is particularly preferable to use a mixed solution of a buffer solution and a polar organic solvent.
- the pH of the buffer is preferably 4 to 8, and more preferably 5 to 6.
- at least one selected from a potassium phosphate buffer, a potassium citrate buffer, an ammonium formate buffer and a potassium acetate buffer as a buffer, and selected from acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol as a polar organic solvent It is preferable to use a mixed solution containing at least one selected from the group consisting of potassium phosphate buffer and acetonitrile, and the pH of the potassium phosphate buffer is preferably 5 to 6, and potassium phosphate.
- High performance liquid chromatography can be performed using a commercially available HPLC apparatus, and various conditions such as column equilibration and flow rate may be appropriately set based on the volume of the sample.
- the obtained fraction can be detected and quantified using various detectors.
- an absorbance detector such as an ultraviolet absorbance detector or a visible absorbance detector, various optical rotation detectors, a fluorescence detector, or the like can be used.
- an ultraviolet absorbance detector is simple and the quantitative accuracy is high.
- Examples of the method for detecting and quantifying galactooligosaccharide in a sample include the following means. First, after adding a solvent such as water to a sample containing a galactooligosaccharide having a known 4′-GL content, an appropriate amount of an internal standard substance is added to prepare a sample solution. Separately, the same galactooligosaccharide and an internal standard substance are dissolved in water or the like to prepare a standard test solution. The standard test solution is prepared by serial dilution, for example, 10, 20, or 40-fold dilution. Next, the sample solution and the standard test solution are derivatized with a derivatizing reagent such as PMP. The sample solution and standard test solution after derivatization are each subjected to high performance liquid chromatography, and a chromatogram is obtained by a detector. The conditions for high performance liquid chromatography are as described above.
- a calibration curve is created from the results of the standard test solution obtained.
- a calibration curve was obtained by the least square method with the galactooligosaccharide content as the horizontal axis and the area ratio of 4'-GL and the internal standard substance as the vertical axis, and the following formula (calibration curve) Can be obtained.
- Area ratio (y) constant (a) ⁇ galactooligosaccharide content (x)
- the area ratio between 4′-GL and the internal standard substance is calculated, and the area ratio is substituted into the calibration curve, thereby calculating the galactooligosaccharide content in the sample. It becomes possible.
- An accurate galactooligosaccharide content is quantified by appropriately performing a supplementary calculation on the calculation result in accordance with the dilution rate of the sample in the pretreatment stage.
- Comparative Example 1 Determination of 4′-GL Using Gel Filtration Chromatography (1) Preparation of Sample Solution
- Galactooligosaccharide liquid sugar (Oligomate 55N: Yakult Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) is 2.3 g / 100 g as galactooligosaccharide content.
- Ingredients for infant formula include lactose, whey protein digest, palm oil, whole milk powder, palm kernel fractionated oil, soybean white oil, galactooligosaccharide liquid sugar, calcium caseinate, maltodextrin (starch saccharified product), Refined fish oil, Ca carbonate, Mg chloride, lecithin, phosphate K, chloride K, phosphate Na, hydroxide K, lactoferrin, V. C, Ca chloride, iron pyrophosphate, taurine, V.I. E, zinc sulfate, cystine, Na cytidylate, niacin, Ca pantothenate, V.V.
- Table 1 contains B12 and its nutritional components.
- the carbohydrates in Table 1 include lactose, galactooligosaccharides, dextrins and monosaccharides.
- Powdered milk 101 (with GOS) contains 4.7 g / 100 g of lactose derived from galactooligosaccharide liquid sugar, galactooligosaccharide, and monosaccharide in total. Powdered milk 101 (with GOS added) and powdered milk 102 (placebo) are carbohydrates The amount is the same.
- test solution placebo test solution
- galactooligosaccharide standard test solution galactooligosaccharide standard test solution
- maltodextrin standard test solution were filtered through a 0.45 ⁇ m filter and analyzed under the following HPLC conditions.
- the trisaccharide (maltotriose: Mal-3) contained in maltodextrin and the 4′-GL of the trisaccharide contained in the standard test solution (OM55N) have the same retention time. It was eluted from the column. In gel filtration chromatography, maltotriose in maltodextrin and 4′-GL peak in galactooligosaccharide overlapped, and 4′-GL could not be quantified.
- Example 1 PMP derivative using a C30 column-HPLC reverse phase chromatogram
- a sample solution of infant formula milk, a placebo sample solution, a galactooligosaccharide standard test solution, and a maltodextrin standard test solution were prepared.
- a diluted solution was further diluted 10, 20, or 40 times with distilled water.
- the concentration of the galactooligosaccharide liquid sugar in the diluted solution is 0.2 g / 100 ml, 0.1 g / 100 ml, and 0.05 g / 100 ml, respectively.
- PMP derivatization 100 ⁇ l of each of the sample solution, the galactooligosaccharide standard test solution, and the maltodextrin standard test solution was placed in a screw test tube, and 100 ⁇ l of 0.6 M NaOH aqueous solution was added and stirred. Next, 200 ⁇ l of 0.5 M PMP methanol solution was added and stirred. PMP derivatization was performed by heating at 70 ° C. for 30 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, 0.7 ml of 0.1 M HCl aqueous solution was added to make it weakly acidic, and extracted with chloroform to remove excess reagent.
- the same preparation process as powdered milk 101 was performed as the infant formula powdered milk which does not contain galactooligosaccharides, and a placebo sample solution (milk powder 102 (placebo)) was prepared.
- the infant formula used for the preparation does not contain galactooligosaccharide and maltodextrin is included at a ratio of 6.2 g / 100 g.
- the composition of the raw materials is the infant that created the sample solution (milk powder 101 (with GOS added)) It is the same as the formula for milk.
- PMP derivatization 100 ⁇ l of each of the sample solution, the galactooligosaccharide standard test solution, and the maltodextrin standard test solution was placed in a screw-cap test tube, and 100 ⁇ l of 0.6 M NaOH aqueous solution was added and stirred. Subsequently, 200 ⁇ l of 0.5 M PMP methanol solution was added and stirred. PMP derivatization was performed by heating at 70 ° C. for 30 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, 0.7 ml of 0.1 M HCl aqueous solution was added to make it weakly acidic, and extracted with chloroform to remove excess reagent.
- HPLC analysis conditions (1) HPLC using C18 column Column: Inertosil ODS-3 (4.6 ⁇ 250 mm) (C18 reverse phase column) Eluent: Potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6) / CH 3 CN (80/20) Flow rate: 1.0 ml / min Detection: UV245nm Column temp: 35 ° C (2) HPLC using C8 column Column: Imtakt UK-8 (4.6 ⁇ 150 mm) (C8 reverse phase column) Eluent: Potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6) / CH 3 CN (80/20) Flow rate: 1.0 ml / min Detector: UV245nm Column temp: 35 ° C
- Example 2 Examination of eluate in HPLC As in Comparative Example 2, sample solutions (milk powder 101 (with GOS added), milk powder 102 (placebo)), galactooligosaccharide standard test liquid and maltodextrin standard test liquid were prepared. Was converted to PMP in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2 and analyzed under the following 6 types of HPLC conditions.
- Example 3 PMP derivative-reverse phase HPLC chromatogram (C30) using nutritional food as a sample
- the raw materials shown in Table 4 were mixed to prepare a nutritional food. Distilled water was added to 10 g of this nutritional food to make 50 ml, and then centrifuged at 20000 g ⁇ 30 minutes, and further centrifuged at 20000 g ⁇ 30 minutes. After centrifugation, the nutritional food was separated into three layers, a lower layer, an intermediate layer, and an upper layer. The intermediate layer was separated, and the collected sample was filtered with a 0.45 ⁇ m filter.
- a galactooligosaccharide standard test solution was prepared in the same manner as Comparative Example 1 using Oligomate 55 (Yakult Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) as a standard sample.
- 100 ⁇ l each of the filtered sample and the galactooligosaccharide standard test solution were placed in a screw-cap test tube and dried under reduced pressure.
- 100 ⁇ l of an aqueous solution containing 0.02% of an internal standard substance was added, and 200 ⁇ l of 0.5 M PMP methanol solution was added and stirred. Subsequently, it heated at 70 degreeC for 30 minute (s), PMP derivatized, and analyzed on the following HPLC conditions.
- the galactooligosaccharide and other components in the sample can be separated easily and at low cost, and the galactooligosaccharide can be accurately quantified.
- the amount of sugar can be accurately managed, and various efficacy test data can be acquired and displayed accurately.
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Abstract
Description
飲食品中のガラクトオリゴ糖を定量する方法には、ガラクトオリゴ糖にβ-ガラクトシダーゼを作用させ、酵素分解で生じるガラクトースを定量し、オリゴ糖を算出する方法がある(非特許文献1)。しかし、生成するガラクトースの検出には、高価なパルス型電気化学検出器を装着したアニオン交換高速液体クロマトグラフィーを用いる必要があり、汎用性が低いという問題がある。また、飲食品中に乳糖などの栄養成分が含まれている場合、酵素処理で生じたガラクトースと、乳糖から遊離したガラクトースを判別することができず、結果的にガラクトオリゴ糖の定量の精度が低下してしまう。
マルトデキストリンには3分子のグルコースからなるマルトトリオースや、4分子のグルコースが重合した4糖、もしくはそれ以上のグルコースが重合した多糖類を含む。マルトトリオースは3分子のグルコースが重合したもので、4´-GLと分子量と分子サイズが同一であり、一部のヒドロキシル基の立体構造が異なっている。飲食品等の試料中に、こうした4´-GLと同じ大きさの分子が存在している場合、ゲルろ過クロマトグラフィー等の従来法では4´-GLとマルトトリオース等を分離し、ガラクトオリゴ糖を定量することができなかったが、本発明の方法によれば、両者を十分に分離することが可能となる。デキストロース当量とは、試料中の還元糖をグルコースとして表し、固形分に対する百分率として求められる値である。デキストロース当量の最大は100で、固形分のすべてがグルコースであることを意味する。デキストロース当量は、デンプンからの加水分解率を表す指標であり、デキストロース当量が小さい、すなわち加水分解率が小さいデキストリンには多糖成分が多く含まれる。一方、デキストロース当量が大きい、すなわち加水分解率が大きいデキストリンには、少糖類が多く含まれる。
誘導体化は、例えばPMPによる誘導体化であれば、試料に0.5MのPMPのメタノール溶液と0.6MのNaOH溶液を加え、70℃で30分間反応させ、反応液に0.1M塩酸とクロロホルムを添加し、撹拌後、下層のクロロホルムを除去することで行うことができる。ガラクトオリゴ糖等の糖質は親水性であるが、疎水性の誘導体化試薬で誘導体化されたことにより、当該誘導体化部分が疎水性となるため、固定相にアルキル基を含む高速液体クロマトグラフィー用カラムに供した場合、親水性の成分に比べ、長時間カラム内に保持されることとなる。
また、緩衝液としてリン酸カリウム緩衝液、クエン酸カリウム緩衝液、ギ酸アンモニウム緩衝液および酢酸カリウム緩衝液から選ばれる少なくとも1種と、極性の有機溶媒としてアセトニトリル、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノールおよびブタノールから選ばれる少なくとも1種とを含む混合液を用いることが好ましく、特に、リン酸カリウム緩衝液とアセトニトリルの混合液を用いることが好ましく、リン酸カリウム緩衝液のpHは5~6が好ましく、リン酸カリウム緩衝液とアセトニトリルの混合比は、リン酸カリウム緩衝液/アセトニトリル=79/21~80/20が好ましい。
面積比(y)=定数(a)×ガラクトオリゴ糖含有量(x)
次に、試料溶液の結果から、4´-GLと内部標準物質の面積比を算出し、当該面積比を上記の検量線に代入することで、試料中のガラクトオリゴ糖含有量を算出することが可能となる。前処理段階での試料の希釈率等に即し、適宜算出結果に補足の計算を行うことで、正確なガラクトオリゴ糖含有量が定量される。
(1)試料溶液の調製
ガラクトオリゴ糖液糖(オリゴメイト55N:ヤクルト薬品工業株式会社)をガラクトオリゴ糖含量として2.3g/100gの割合で含み、マルトデキストリンを1.5g/100gの割合で含む育児用調製粉乳2.6gを秤量し、少量の温水を加えて溶解後、室温になるまで放置し、蒸留水を加えて20mlとし、溶解乳を作製した。溶解乳4mlをメスフラスコに入れ、内部標準物質を0.1%含有する水溶液2mlを正確に加え、蒸留水で20mlとし、試料溶液(粉乳101(GOS添加))とした。溶解乳20mlあたりのガラクトオリゴ糖含量は、2.6g×2.3/100=0.0598gであるから、100mlあたりでは、0.299gとなる。
なお、育児用調製粉乳は、原材料として、乳糖、ホエイたんぱく質消化物、パーム油、全粉乳、パーム核分別油、大豆白絞油、ガラクトオリゴ糖液糖、カゼインカルシウム、マルトデキストリン(でんぷん糖化物)、精製魚油、炭酸Ca、塩化Mg、レシチン、リン酸K、塩化K、リン酸Na、水酸化K、ラクトフェリン、V.C、塩化Ca、ピロリン酸鉄、タウリン、V.E、硫酸亜鉛、シスチン、シチジル酸Na、ナイアシン、パントテン酸Ca、V.A、硫酸銅、イノシン酸Na、ウリジル酸Na、グアニル酸Na、V.B1、5’-AMP、V.B6、V.B2、葉酸、カロテン、V.D、V.B12を含み、その栄養成分は表1のとおりである。表1の炭水化物は、乳糖、ガラクトオリゴ糖、デキストリン、単糖を含む。
ガラクトオリゴ糖を含まない育児用調製粉乳として、粉乳101(GOS添加)と同様の調製工程を行い、プラセボ試料溶液(粉乳102(プラセボ))を調製した。調製に用いた育児用調製粉乳は、ガラクトオリゴ糖液糖を含まず、マルトデキストリンを6.2g/100gの割合で含む以外は、原材料の組成は、試料溶液(粉乳101(GOS添加))を作成した育児用調製粉乳と同じものである。粉乳101(GOS添加)には、ガラクトオリゴ糖液糖由来の乳糖、ガラクトオリゴ糖、単糖が合計で4.7g/100g含まれており、粉乳101(GOS添加)と粉乳102(プラセボ)は、炭水化物量が同一である。
ガラクトオリゴ糖液糖(オリゴメイト55N:ヤクルト薬品工業株式会社)をガラクトオリゴ糖液糖として2.0g/100mlになるように50ml容メスフラスコに量りとり、内部標準物質を1%含有する水溶液1mlを正確に加え、蒸留水を加えて50mlとし、標準試験液(OM55N)とした。
前記育児用調製粉乳の製造に使用したマルトデキストリン液糖(ハイマルトースシロップ)をマルトデキストリン溶液として2.0g/100mlになるように50ml容メスフラスコに量りとり、内部標準物質を1%含有する水溶液1mlを正確に加え、蒸留水を加えて50mlとし、標準試験液(マルトデキストリン)とした。
試験溶液、プラセボ試験溶液、ガラクトオリゴ糖標準試験液およびマルトデキストリン標準試験液を0.45μmフィルターで濾過し、以下のHPLC条件で分析した。
Column :GPC(KS-802)(8.0×300mm)
Eluent :蒸留水
Flow rate :0.5ml/min
Detector :RI検出器(Shodex SE-201)
Column temp:80℃
比較例1と同様に、育児用調製粉乳の試料溶液、プラセボ試料溶液、ガラクトオリゴ糖標準試験液、マルトデキストリン標準試験液を調製した。ガラクトオリゴ糖標準試験液は、さらに蒸留水で10、20、40倍希釈した希釈液を作製した。希釈液のガラクトオリゴ糖液糖の濃度は、それぞれ0.2g/100ml、0.1g/100ml、0.05g/100mlである。
試料溶液、ガラクトオリゴ糖標準試験液、マルトデキストリン標準試験液のそれぞれ100μlをネジ口試験管に取り、0.6M NaOH水溶液を100μl加えて攪拌した。次いで、0.5M PMPメタノール溶液を200μl加えて攪拌した。70℃で30分加熱し、PMP誘導体化した。室温まで冷却した後、0.1M HCl水溶液0.7mlを加えて弱酸性とし、クロロホルムで抽出して過剰の試薬を除いた。すなわち、クロロホルム約1mlを加えて、30秒以上攪拌し、2500rpm、5分間遠心分離して下層のクロロホルムを除去した。同様の操作を2回繰り返した。水層を0.45μmフィルターで濾過し、以下のHPLC条件で分析した。
Column :Develosil RPAQUEOUS(4.6×250mm)(C30)
Eluent :リン酸カリウム緩衝液(pH6)/CH3CN(80/20)
Flow rate :1.0ml/min
Detection :UV245nm
Column temp:35℃
ガラクトオリゴ糖標準試験液から作製した希釈液について、上記と同様の分析条件にてHPLCに供し、内部標準物質と4´-GLの面積比を用いて、ガラクトオリゴ糖液糖の検量線を作成した。HPLC分析の結果は表2のとおりである。
ガラクトオリゴ糖液糖(オリゴメイト55N:ヤクルト薬品工業株式会社)をガラクトオリゴ糖含量として2.3g/100gの割合で含み、マルトデキストリンを1.5g/100gの割合で含む育児用調製粉乳5gを精密に、少量の温水を加えて溶解後、室温になるまで放置した。内部標準物質を1%含有する水溶液1mlを正確に加え、蒸留水を加えて50mlとし、試料溶液(粉乳101(GOS添加))とした。
また、ガラクトオリゴ糖を含まない育児用調製粉乳として、粉乳101(GOS添加)と同様の調製工程を行い、プラセボ試料溶液(粉乳102(プラセボ))を調製した。調製に用いた育児用調製粉乳は、ガラクトオリゴ糖を含まず、マルトデキストリンを6.2g/100gの割合で含む以外は、原材料の組成は、試料溶液(粉乳101(GOS添加))を作成した育児用調製粉乳と同じものである。
ガラクトオリゴ糖液糖をガラクトオリゴ糖として3.0g/100mlになるように50ml容メスフラスコに量りとり、内部標準物質を1%含有する水溶液1mlを正確に加え、蒸留水を加えて50mlとし、ガラクトオリゴ糖標準試験液とした。
前記育児用調製粉乳の製造に使用したマルトデキストリン液糖(ハイマルトースシロップ)をマルトデキストリン溶液として2.0g/100mlになるように50ml容メスフラスコに量りとり、内部標準物質を1%含有する水溶液1mlを正確に加え、蒸留水を加えて50mlとし、標準試験液(マルトデキストリン)とした。
試料溶液、ガラクトオリゴ糖標準試験液、マルトデキストリン標準試験液のそれぞれ100μlをネジ口試験管に取り、0.6M NaOH水溶液を100μl加えて攪拌した。次いで0.5M PMP メタノール溶液を200μl加えて攪拌した。70℃で30分加熱し、PMP誘導体化した。室温まで冷却した後、0.1M HCl水溶液 0.7mlを加えて弱酸性とし、クロロホルムで抽出して過剰の試薬を除いた。すなわち、クロロホルム約1mlを加えて、30秒以上攪拌し、2500rpm、5分間遠心分離して下層のクロロホルムを除去した。同様の操作を2回繰り返した。水層を0.45μmのフィルターで濾過し、下記の2つのHPLC条件で分析した。
(1)C18カラムを用いたHPLC
Column :Inertosil ODS-3(4.6×250mm)(C18逆相カラム)
Eluent :リン酸カリウム緩衝液(pH6)/CH3CN(80/20)
Flow rate :1.0ml/min
Detectoion :UV245nm
Column temp:35℃
(2)C8カラムを用いたHPLC
Column :Imtakt UK-8(4.6×150mm)(C8逆相カラム)
Eluent :リン酸カリウム緩衝液(pH6)/CH3CN(80/20)
Flow rate :1.0ml/min
Detector :UV245nm
Column temp:35℃
比較例2と同様に、試料溶液(粉乳101(GOS添加)、粉乳102(プラセボ))、ガラクトオリゴ糖標準試験液およびマルトデキストリン標準試験液を調製し、それぞれを比較例2と同様にPMP誘導体化し以下6種類のHPLC条件で分析した。
Column :Develosil RPAQUEOUS(4.6×250mm)
Eluent :リン酸カリウム緩衝液(pH4)/CH3CN(78/22)
Flow rate :1.0ml/min
Detection :UV245nm
Column temp:35℃
(2)緩衝液pH5の条件下でのHPLC
Column :Develosil RPAQUEOUS(4.6×250mm)
Eluent :リン酸カリウム緩衝液(pH5)/CH3CN(79/21)
Flow rate :1.0ml/min
Detection :UV245nm
Column temp:35℃
(3)緩衝液pH7の条件下でのHPLC
Column :Develosil RPAQUEOUS(4.6×250mm)
Eluent :リン酸カリウム緩衝液(pH7)/CH3CN(81/19)
Flow rate :1.0ml/min
Detection :UV245nm
Column temp:35℃
(4)緩衝液pH7の条件下でのHPLC
Column :Develosil RPAQUEOUS(4.6×250mm)
Eluent :リン酸カリウム緩衝液(pH7)/CH3CN(82/18)
Flow rate :1.0ml/min
Detection :UV245nm
Column temp:35℃
(5)緩衝液pH8の条件下でのHPLC
Column :Develosil RPAQUEOUS(4.6×250mm)
Eluent :リン酸カリウム緩衝液(pH8)/CH3CN(82/18)
Flow rate :1.0ml/min
Detection :UV245nm
Column temp:35℃
(6)緩衝液pH8の条件下でのHPLC
Column :Develosil RPAQUEOUS(4.6×250mm)
Eluent :リン酸カリウム緩衝液(pH8)/CH3CN(83/17)
Flow rate :1.0ml/min
Detection :UV245nm
Column temp:35℃
また、リン酸カリウム緩衝液(pH7)とCH3CNを81/19の割合とした溶出液を用いた場合(図7)、OM55Nのクロマトグラムでは、4´-GLのピークの頂点部の右側に他のガラクトオリゴ糖成分のピークが重なり、結果として4´-GLのピークの面積が大きくなっている。
リン酸カリウム緩衝液(pH7)とCH3CNを82/18の割合とした溶出液を用いた場合(図8)、OM55Nのクロマトグラムでは、本来4´-GLの左隣に検出されるピークがなく、当該ピークと4´-GLのピークが重なっている。
リン酸カリウム緩衝液(pH8)とCH3CNを82/18の割合とした溶出液を用いた場合(図9)、あるいは83:17の割合とした溶出液を用いた場合(図10)、OM55Nとマルトデキストリンのクロマトグラムを比較すると、4´-GLは、マルトトリオース、その他のオリゴ糖成分と分離できているが、OM55Nとプラセボ試料溶液(粉乳102)のクロマトグラムを比較すると、4´-GLのピークと、粉乳102に含まれている成分のピークが一致しており、4´-GLのみを分離できていないことがわかる。
一方、リン酸カリウム緩衝液(pH5)とCH3CNを79/21の割合とした溶出液を用いた場合(図6)、4´-GLは、マルトトリオースおよび他のガラクトオリゴ糖成分と分離できていた。
表4に示す原材料を混合し、栄養食品を調製した。この栄養食品10gに蒸留水を加えて50mlとした後、20000g×30分で遠心分離し、さらに20000g×30分で遠心分離した。遠心分離後には栄養食品は、下層、中間層、上層の3層に分離していた。その中間層を分取し、当該分取した試料を0.45μmのフィルターでろ過した。別途、標準試料としてガラクトオリゴ糖標準試験液をオリゴメイト55(ヤクルト薬品工業株式会社)を用いて、比較例1と同様に調製した。ろ過した試料とガラクトオリゴ糖標準試験液のそれぞれ100μlをネジ口試験管に取り、減圧乾固した。内部標準物質を0.02%含有する水溶液100μlを加え、0.5MのPMPメタノール溶液を200μl加えて撹拌した。次いで70℃で30分加熱し、PMP誘導体化し、以下のHPLC条件で分析した。
Column :Develosil RPAQUEOUS(4.6×250mm)
Eluent :リン酸カリウム緩衝液(pH6)/CH3CN(80/20)
Flow rate :1.0ml/min
Detection :UV245nm
Column temp:35℃
Claims (9)
- ガラクトオリゴ糖とデキストリンを含む試料中のガラクトオリゴ糖を検出・定量する方法であって、前記試料を誘導体化試薬と反応させ、試料中のデキストリンおよびガラクトオリゴ糖を誘導体化し、次いで、C30逆相クロマトグラフィー用カラムを用いた高速液体クロマトグラフィーにより当該試料中のガラクトオリゴ糖成分を分離することを特徴とするガラクトオリゴ糖の検出・定量方法。
- 高速液体クロマトグラフィーで用いる溶出液として、緩衝液と極性の有機溶媒の混合液を用いることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のガラクトオリゴ糖の検出・定量方法。
- 前記緩衝液として、pH5~6の緩衝液を用いることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のガラクトオリゴ糖の検出・定量方法。
- 前記混合液の緩衝液と極性の有機溶媒の混合比(vol/vol)が、緩衝液/極性の有機溶媒=79/21~80/20であることを特徴とする請求項2または3に記載のガラクトオリゴ糖の検出・定量方法。
- 前記混合液の調製に用いる緩衝液として、リン酸カリウム緩衝液、クエン酸カリウム緩衝液、ギ酸アンモニウム緩衝液および酢酸カリウム緩衝液から選ばれる少なくとも1種を用い、極性の有機溶媒として、アセトニトリル、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノールおよびブタノールから選ばれる少なくとも1種を用いることを特徴とする請求項2~4のいずれか1項に記載のガラクトオリゴ糖の検出・定量方法。
- ガラクトオリゴ糖とデキストリンを含む試料が、飲食品である請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のガラクトオリゴ糖の検出・定量方法。
- 分離されるガラクトオリゴ糖成分が、4´-ガラクトシルラクトースであることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のガラクトオリゴ糖の検出・定量方法。
- 誘導体化試薬として、1-フェニル-3-メチル-5-ピラゾロン、2-アミノピリジン、2-アミノベンズアミド、3-アミノキノン、4-アミノ安息香酸エチル、4-アミノ安息香酸ブチル、4-トリメチルアンモニウムアニリンから選ばれる1種を用いることを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のガラクトオリゴ糖の検出・定量方法。
- C30逆相クロマトグラフィー用カラムが、二重結合があるシス型のアルキル基を有する固定相を備えるものであることを特徴とする請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のガラクトオリゴ糖の検出・定量方法。
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| CN105424858B (zh) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-03-22 | 广州甘蔗糖业研究所 | 乳粉中低聚半乳糖的高效液相色谱串联质谱检测方法 |
| CN112946096A (zh) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-06-11 | 上海晓创检测技术有限公司 | 一种化妆品中dha的测定方法及其应用 |
| JP7160299B1 (ja) * | 2021-03-23 | 2022-10-25 | 一丸ファルコス株式会社 | 粉末製剤及びその製造方法 |
| JP2023069120A (ja) * | 2021-11-05 | 2023-05-18 | 株式会社島津製作所 | 定量分析方法及び定量分析装置 |
| JP7694342B2 (ja) | 2021-11-05 | 2025-06-18 | 株式会社島津製作所 | 定量分析方法及び定量分析装置 |
| CN116298005A (zh) * | 2023-02-02 | 2023-06-23 | 徐州市农产品质量安全中心 | 一种畜肉中κ-卡拉胶的柱前衍生液相色谱串联质谱检测方法 |
| CN116298005B (zh) * | 2023-02-02 | 2023-10-03 | 徐州市农产品质量安全中心 | 一种畜肉中κ-卡拉胶的柱前衍生液相色谱串联质谱检测方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3054295B1 (en) | 2022-04-20 |
| US9482648B2 (en) | 2016-11-01 |
| JP6285944B2 (ja) | 2018-02-28 |
| CN105723216A (zh) | 2016-06-29 |
| SG11201601788SA (en) | 2016-04-28 |
| TWI629479B (zh) | 2018-07-11 |
| KR102152045B1 (ko) | 2020-09-04 |
| TW201546451A (zh) | 2015-12-16 |
| EP3054295A1 (en) | 2016-08-10 |
| US20160238572A1 (en) | 2016-08-18 |
| JPWO2015046463A1 (ja) | 2017-03-09 |
| ES2912875T3 (es) | 2022-05-30 |
| EP3054295A4 (en) | 2017-05-17 |
| CN105723216B (zh) | 2017-05-24 |
| KR20160062024A (ko) | 2016-06-01 |
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