WO2014122912A1 - ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 - Google Patents
ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014122912A1 WO2014122912A1 PCT/JP2014/000553 JP2014000553W WO2014122912A1 WO 2014122912 A1 WO2014122912 A1 WO 2014122912A1 JP 2014000553 W JP2014000553 W JP 2014000553W WO 2014122912 A1 WO2014122912 A1 WO 2014122912A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- head
- display device
- optical elements
- curved surface
- adjacent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
- B60K35/20—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor
- B60K35/21—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor using visual output, e.g. blinking lights or matrix displays
- B60K35/23—Head-up displays [HUD]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/48—Laser speckle optics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
- G02B5/021—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1842—Gratings for image generation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1861—Reflection gratings characterised by their structure, e.g. step profile, contours of substrate or grooves, pitch variations, materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T19/00—Manipulating 3D models or images for computer graphics
- G06T19/006—Mixed reality
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0112—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for genereting colour display
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/013—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising a combiner of particular shape, e.g. curvature
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/10—Scanning systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/0006—Arrays
- G02B3/0037—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses
- G02B3/0056—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses arranged along two different directions in a plane, e.g. honeycomb arrangement of lenses
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a head-up display device that projects a display image onto a projection surface of a moving body such as a vehicle and displays a virtual image of the display image so as to be visible from the room of the moving body.
- HUD device head-up display device
- laser light projected from a projector and incident on a screen member is diffused by a plurality of optical elements arranged in a lattice pattern.
- the laser light thus diffused and projected onto the projection surface is visually recognized by a viewer in the moving body room as a virtual image of the display image.
- the present disclosure has been made in view of such problems, and an object thereof is to provide a HUD device that suppresses luminance unevenness.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive research on screen members that diffuse and emit laser light by each optical element. As a result, the laser beams emitted through the curved surfaces of the adjacent optical element surfaces interfere with each other to generate diffracted light with an intensity distribution that gives multiple orders of diffraction peaks according to the emission angle. Thus, the present inventors have obtained the knowledge that luminance unevenness is caused.
- the head-up display device projects the display image onto the projection surface of the moving body, thereby removing the virtual image of the display image from the room of the moving body.
- a head-up display device that displays in a recognizable manner, having a projector that projects laser light to be a display image, and a plurality of optical elements arranged in a grid, and is incident on the optical element from the projector
- a screen member that diffuses the laser light and guides it to the projection surface side.
- Each optical element has a curved surface that is either one of a convex curve and a concave curve and exhibits a common curved shape, and diffuses laser light that is emitted to the projection surface side through the curved surface.
- the amount of sag from the surface vertex of the curved surface to the boundary between the adjacent optical elements is different.
- the adjacent optical elements emit either laser light through the curved surface of the surface that is one of a convex curve and a concave curve and exhibits a common curved shape.
- the intensity distribution of the diffracted light generated by the interference of the emitted light gives a plurality of orders of diffraction peaks according to the outgoing angle.
- the amount of sag from the apex of the curved surface to the boundary between the adjacent optical elements is different, the diffraction of the diffracted light caused by one optical element between adjacent optical elements on both sides The peaks are shifted from each other.
- the diffraction valley means a portion that is a valley between diffraction peaks in the intensity distribution of diffracted light.
- each optical element diffuses the laser beam by reflection on the curved surface and emits the laser beam from the curved surface, and an odd number of 1 or more is defined as m. If the wavelength of the laser beam is defined as ⁇ and the difference in the sag amount between adjacent optical elements is defined as ⁇ S, then ⁇ S ⁇ m ⁇ ⁇ / 4 is established. As in this feature, when each optical element diffuses and emits laser light by reflection on a curved surface, if the difference ⁇ S in the sag amount between adjacent optical elements matches m ⁇ ⁇ / 4, The diffraction peaks of light may overlap each other.
- each optical element diffuses laser light by reflection on the curved surface and emits it from the optical surface on the side opposite to the curved surface.
- m the wavelength of the laser beam
- ⁇ S the difference in sag between adjacent optical elements
- n the refractive index of the screen member
- the diffraction peaks of the diffracted light may overlap each other.
- the difference ⁇ S in the sag amount between adjacent optical elements is not matched with m ⁇ ⁇ / 4 / n, it is possible to reliably avoid the overlap of diffraction peaks. Therefore, it is possible to increase the reliability of the effect of suppressing the luminance unevenness felt by the viewer.
- the projector projects the laser beams of a plurality of colors including the green laser light that has a peak wavelength in the range of 490 to 530 nm, and the green laser light Is defined as ⁇ .
- This feature avoids overlapping of diffraction peaks in consideration of the peak wavelength ⁇ of green laser light that appears in the range of 490 to 530 nm among laser beams of multiple colors, that is, the peak wavelength ⁇ of laser light with high visibility.
- the effect of suppressing luminance unevenness felt by the viewer can be enhanced.
- the projector projects the laser beams of a plurality of colors including the red laser light that appears in the peak wavelength range of 600 to 650 nm, and the red laser light Is defined as ⁇ .
- This feature avoids overlapping of diffraction peaks in consideration of the peak wavelength ⁇ of red laser light appearing in the range of 600 to 650 nm among laser beams of a plurality of colors, that is, the peak wavelength ⁇ of laser light having a large diffraction angle.
- the range expressed as “MIN to MAX” in this specification includes both MIN and MAX. Range, that is, a range of “MIN or more and MAX or less”.
- the present inventors when the laser light is emitted through the boundary between the adjacent optical elements, the present inventors generate an intensity distribution in the emitted light that undulates according to the emission angle due to diffraction at the boundary. As a result, the inventors have also found that brightness unevenness is caused.
- each optical element is formed such that the element width between the boundaries is different between adjacent elements.
- the intensity distribution of the undulating light generated from each optical element due to the interference of the laser light emitted through the boundary between adjacent optical elements due to diffraction a difference in the element width will occur.
- the waves of the intensity distribution are shifted from each other. According to this, since the emitted light from each adjacent optical element can be visually recognized as a virtual image by the viewer in a state where the wave of the intensity distribution is shifted, it is possible to further suppress the luminance unevenness felt by the viewer.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram partially showing the screen member of the first embodiment, and is a schematic diagram corresponding to the VIx-VIx line cross section and the VIy-VIy line cross section of FIG. 5.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the screen member of a comparative example partially, Comprising: It is a schematic diagram corresponded in FIG. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the optical path difference of the emitted light by a comparative example. It is a characteristic view for demonstrating the intensity distribution of the diffracted light by a comparative example. It is a characteristic view for demonstrating the superimposition of the diffracted light by a comparative example. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the optical path difference of the emitted light by 1st embodiment. It is a characteristic view for demonstrating the intensity distribution of the diffracted light by 1st embodiment. It is a characteristic view for demonstrating the superimposition of the diffracted light by 1st embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram partially showing the screen member of the second embodiment, and is a schematic view corresponding to the XIXx-XIXx line cross section and the XIXy-XIXy line cross section of FIG. 18.
- the HUD device 100 As shown in FIG. 1, the HUD device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure is mounted on a vehicle 1 as a “moving body” and is housed in an instrument panel 80.
- the HUD device 100 projects a display image 71 onto a windshield 90 that is a “display member” of the vehicle 1.
- the indoor side surface of the windshield 90 forms a projection surface 91 on which the display image 71 is projected in a curved concave shape or a flat planar shape.
- the windshield 90 may have an angle difference for suppressing the optical path difference between the indoor side surface and the outdoor side surface, or vapor deposition for suppressing the optical path difference.
- a film or film may be provided on the indoor side.
- the light flux of the image 71 reflected by the projection surface 91 reaches the eye point 61 of the viewer in the room.
- the viewer visually recognizes the virtual image 70 of the display image 71 formed in front of the windshield 90 by perceiving the light flux reaching the eye point 61.
- the virtual image 70 can be visually recognized when the eye point 61 is positioned in the visual recognition area 60 of the viewer shown in FIG.
- the HUD device 100 displays the virtual image 70 of the display image 71 so as to be visible from inside the vehicle 1 as shown in FIG.
- the virtual image 70 an instruction display 70a of the traveling speed of the vehicle 1, an instruction display 70b of the traveling direction of the vehicle 1 by the navigation system, a warning display 70c related to the vehicle 1, and the like are displayed.
- the HUD device 100 includes a laser scanner 10, a controller 29, a screen member 30, and an optical system 40 in a housing 50.
- the laser scanner 10 that is a “projector” has a light source unit 13, a light guide unit 20, and a micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) 26.
- MEMS micro electro mechanical system
- the light source unit 13 includes three laser projection units 14, 15, 16 and the like.
- Each laser projection unit 14, 15, 16 projects single-wavelength laser beams having different hues in accordance with a control signal from an electrically connected controller 29.
- the laser projection unit 14 projects, for example, red laser light that appears in a peak wavelength range of 600 to 650 nm (preferably 640 nm).
- the laser projection unit 15 projects blue laser light that appears in a peak wavelength range of 430 to 470 nm (preferably 450 nm).
- the laser projection unit 16 projects, for example, green laser light that appears in a peak wavelength range of 490 to 530 nm (preferably 515 nm).
- various colors can be reproduced by additively mixing the three colors of laser beams projected from the laser projection units 14, 15, and 16.
- the light guide 20 includes three collimating lenses 21, dichroic filters 22, 23, 24, a condenser lens 25, and the like.
- Each of the collimating lenses 21 is arranged at an interval of, for example, 0.5 mm on the laser light projection side with respect to the corresponding laser projection unit 14, 15, 16.
- Each collimating lens 21 collimates the laser light into parallel light by refracting the laser light from the corresponding laser projection unit 14, 15, 16.
- the dichroic filters 22, 23, and 24 are arranged on the projection side of the laser projection units 14, 15, and 16 with an interval of, for example, 4 mm with respect to the corresponding collimating lens 21.
- Each dichroic filter 22, 23, 24 reflects a laser beam having a specific wavelength and transmits a laser beam having a wavelength other than the laser beam that has passed through the corresponding collimator lens 21.
- the dichroic filter 22 disposed on the projection side of the laser projection unit 14 transmits red laser light and reflects laser light of other colors.
- the dichroic filter 23 disposed on the projection side of the laser projection unit 15 reflects blue laser light and transmits laser light of other colors.
- the dichroic filter 24 arranged on the projection side of the laser projection unit 16 reflects green laser light and transmits laser beams of other colors.
- the dichroic filter 23 is disposed on the green laser beam reflection side of the dichroic filter 24 with an interval of, for example, 6 mm.
- the dichroic filter 22 is disposed at an interval of, for example, 6 mm on the blue laser light reflection side and the green laser light transmission side by the dichroic filter 23.
- a condensing lens 25 is disposed, for example, at an interval of 4 mm on the transmission side of the red laser light and the reflection side of the blue laser light and the green laser light by the dichroic filter 22.
- the condensing lens 25 is a plano-convex lens having a flat entrance surface and a convex exit surface.
- the condenser lens 25 focuses the incident laser beam on the incident surface by refraction. As a result, the laser light that has passed through the condenser lens 25 is emitted toward the MEMS 26.
- the MEMS 26 includes a horizontal scanning mirror 27, a vertical scanning mirror 28, and driving units (not shown) for the scanning mirrors 27 and 28.
- a thin reflective surface 27b is formed on the surface of the horizontal scanning mirror 27 facing the condenser lens 25 with an interval of, for example, 5 mm at the center by aluminum metal deposition or the like.
- a thin film-like reflecting surface 28b is formed by metal deposition of aluminum or the like.
- the drive unit of the MEMS 26 individually drives the scanning mirrors 27 and 28 around the rotation shafts 27a and 28a in accordance with a control signal from an electrically connected controller 29.
- the central part of the vertical scanning mirror 28 constituting the final stage of the laser scanner 10 is arranged with a spacing of, for example, 100 mm with respect to the scanning surface 31 of the screen member 30.
- the laser light sequentially incident on the scanning mirrors 27 and 28 from the condenser lens 25 is sequentially reflected by the reflecting surfaces 27b and 28b and projected onto the scanning surface 31.
- the controller 29 is a control circuit composed of a processor and the like.
- the controller 29 intermittently pulse-projects the laser light by outputting a control signal to each laser projection unit 14, 15, 16.
- the controller 29 outputs a control signal to the drive units of the scanning mirrors 27 and 28, thereby changing the projection direction of the laser light onto the scanning surface 31 in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 4 along the plurality of scanning lines LN.
- the display image 71 is drawn by moving the region O on which the laser beam is projected in a circular spot shape on the scanning surface 31 as shown in FIG. That is, the laser light projected from the laser scanner 10 becomes a display image 71 by scanning the scanning surface 31 in the horizontal direction x and the vertical direction y.
- the display image 71 is formed on the scanning plane 31 as 60 frames per second as an image having 480 pixels in the horizontal direction x and 240 pixels in the vertical direction y.
- the horizontal direction x of the scanning surface 31 coincides with the horizontal direction of the vehicle 1.
- the vertical direction y of the scanning surface 31 may be inclined with respect to the vertical direction of the vehicle 1 as shown in FIG. 2 or may coincide with the vertical direction.
- the reflective screen member 30 is formed by evaporating aluminum on the surface of a resin base material or a glass base material.
- the screen member 30 is disposed above the laser scanner 10 in the vehicle 1 (see FIGS. 1 and 2).
- the screen member 30 is formed by arranging a plurality of optical elements 32 as micromirrors in a grid pattern in the horizontal direction x and the vertical direction y, and the surfaces of the optical elements 32 (specifically, a curved surface 33 described in detail later). ) Constitutes the scanning surface 31.
- the surface of each optical element 32 reflects the laser light projected on the scanning surface 31 to diffuse and emit the laser light.
- each optical element 32 the diameter ⁇ o of the projection area O onto which the laser light is projected on the scanning surface 31 is the element width W of each optical element 32 (preferably, the small element width Wb described in detail later). Set to half or more.
- Each optical element 32 may be formed as a single unit as shown in FIG. 6, or may be formed separately and held on a common substrate.
- the optical system 40 includes a concave mirror 42 and a drive unit (not shown) for the concave mirror 42.
- the concave mirror 42 is formed by evaporating aluminum on the surface of a resin substrate or a glass substrate.
- the concave mirror 42 reflects the laser light diffused on the scanning surface 31 by the reflecting surface 42 a, thereby guiding the laser light toward the projection surface 91 and projecting the display image 71.
- the reflective surface 42a is formed as a smooth curved surface having a concave central portion in a direction away from the scanning surface 31 and the projection surface 91, so that the display image 71 can be enlarged and projected.
- the drive unit of the optical system 40 drives the concave mirror 42 to swing around the swing shaft 42b of FIG. 1 in accordance with a control signal from the controller 29 electrically connected.
- the visual recognition area 60 is also moved up and down as the imaging position of the virtual image 70 of the projected display image 71 is moved up and down.
- the position of the visual recognition area 60 is defined in consideration of the eyelips 62.
- the iris 62 represents a space area where the eye point 61 can exist when an arbitrary viewer seated in the driver's seat is assumed in the vehicle 1. In view of this, it is assumed that the visual recognition area 60 that moves up and down in response to the swing of the concave mirror 42 enters at least a part of the iris 62 within the range of the swing.
- the optical system 40 may be provided with optical elements other than the concave mirror 42 instead of or in addition to the concave mirror 42. Further, the laser beam diffused by each optical element 32 may be projected directly onto the projection surface 91 without providing the optical system 40 (concave mirror 42).
- each optical element 32 forms a curved surface 33 such as a circular arc surface by exhibiting a convex curved shape that curves in a convex shape as a common curved shape.
- the curved surface 33 on the surface of each optical element 32 protrudes to the side facing the laser scanner 10 and the optical system 40 in the direction z orthogonal to the directions x and y (see also FIG. 2), with the most protruding point as the surface vertex 34. Yes. That is, the curved surface 33 on the surface of each optical element 32 is formed on the scanning surface 31 on the side facing the laser scanner 10 and the optical system 40 among both sides sandwiching the screen member 30 in the thickness direction (that is, the direction z in this case). Is formed. With this configuration, the laser light projected from the laser scanner 10 to the scanning surface 31 is reflected by the curved surface 33 on the surface of the optical element 32, and is diffused from the curved surface 33 and emitted toward the optical system 40 side.
- the optical elements 32 adjacent to each other in the directions x and y form the boundary 35 between each other by overlapping the outer edges (contours) of the curved surfaces 33 with each other.
- the depth that is the amount of deviation from the reference surface vertex 34 to the boundary (inflection point in the longitudinal section) 35 in the direction z is set. , Defined as a sag amount S.
- a sag amount S In FIG. 5, only a part of the reference numerals are shown for easy understanding.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive research on the screen member 30 that diffuses and emits the laser beam by each of the optical elements 32. As a result, the laser beams emitted through the curved surface 33 on the surface of the adjacent optical element 32 interfere with each other, thereby generating diffracted light having an intensity distribution that gives a diffraction peak of a plurality of orders according to the emission angle.
- the present inventors have obtained the knowledge that luminance unevenness is caused by the above.
- the sag amount S is set to be equal between the adjacent optical elements 132.
- the optical path length difference ⁇ L between the laser beams that are emitted from the curved surface 133 of the surface of the adjacent optical element 132 at the emission angle ⁇ (in this comparative example, ⁇ of FIG. 9 as the reflection angle) and interfere with each other.
- the optical path length difference ⁇ L is an approximation of sin ⁇ [rad], Represented by 1.
- the angle difference ⁇ of the emission angle ⁇ where the optical path length difference ⁇ L changes by the wavelength ⁇ that is, the angle difference ⁇ of the emission angle ⁇ where the order of the diffraction peak changes by 1
- ⁇ L P ⁇ ⁇ (Formula 1)
- ⁇ ⁇ / P (Formula 2)
- the intensity distribution corresponds to the angle difference ⁇ of the emission angle ⁇ .
- the diffraction peaks generated by one optical element 132 between adjacent elements 132 on both sides thereof are generated centering on the emission angle ⁇ from 0 to ⁇ ⁇ , and thus overlap each other to strengthen the intensity.
- the diffraction valley that is generated between the adjacent elements 132 on both sides by one optical element 132 is generated centering around the output angle ⁇ from ⁇ / 2 to ⁇ and the output angle ⁇ from ⁇ / 2 to ⁇ . Even if they overlap each other, it is difficult to strengthen the strength.
- the sag amount S different between the adjacent optical elements 32 is set over the entire scanning surface 31.
- the sag amount S of the first embodiment two types of large and small sag amounts Sa and Sb are set, and the optical element 32 having the large sag amount Sa and the optical element 32 having the small sag amount Sb are in any direction. They are alternately arranged in x and y. With this arrangement, the adjacent optical elements 32 form a step in the direction z according to the difference between the sag amounts Sa and Sb (Sa ⁇ Sb).
- the optical path length difference ⁇ L between each other occurs, for example, as shown in FIG.
- the optical path length difference ⁇ L is a peak pitch P sufficiently larger than ⁇ S based on the approximation of sin ⁇ [rad] (FIG. 5). , 6), and is expressed by the following formula 3 or formula 4.
- Expression 3 is established between one optical element 32 having a large sag amount Sa and an optical element 32 having a small sag amount Sb adjacent to one side (for example, the right side in FIG. 6).
- Expression 4 is established between one optical element 32 of the large sag amount Sa and the optical element 32 of the small sag amount Sb adjacent to the opposite side (for example, the left side in FIG. 6).
- the angle difference ⁇ of the emission angle ⁇ at which the optical path length difference ⁇ L changes by the wavelength ⁇ that is, the angle difference ⁇ of the emission angle ⁇ at which the order of the diffraction peak generated by the interference between laser beams changes by 1 is the case of the comparative example.
- the diffraction peak generated between one optical element 32 of the large sag amount Sa and the one-side adjacent element 32 of the small sag amount Sb according to Equations 3 and 5 is 2 ⁇ ⁇ S ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ .
- An emission angle ⁇ every ⁇ ⁇ is generated at the center from the shifted zero-order diffraction angle ⁇ 0 (solid line in the graph).
- the diffraction peak generated by one optical element 32 of the large sag amount Sa and the opposite adjacent element 32 of the small sag amount Sb according to equations 4 and 5 is ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ S ⁇ ⁇ / From the 0th-order diffraction angle ⁇ 0 shifted by ⁇ , an emission angle ⁇ every ⁇ ⁇ is generated at the center (indicated by a one-dot chain line in the graph).
- the points A to G attached to the solid line in the graph of FIG. 12 correspond to the directions A to G of the diffracted light that generate the optical path length differences ⁇ L illustrated in FIG.
- the diffraction peaks of the diffracted light generated between the optical element 32 and the adjacent elements 32 on both sides thereof are shifted from each other by being generated around the different emission angles ⁇ .
- a diffraction peak generated between one optical element 32 and one of the adjacent elements 32 overlaps with a diffraction valley generated between one optical element 32 and the other adjacent element 32. Therefore, it is difficult to strengthen each other.
- the intensity difference ⁇ I is small between the outgoing angle ⁇ ( ⁇ from each of ⁇ 0 and ⁇ 0) and the outgoing angle ⁇ between them.
- the intensity difference ⁇ I can be reduced with the angle ⁇ . Therefore, luminance unevenness felt by the viewer can be suppressed according to the small intensity difference ⁇ I.
- the first embodiment employs a configuration in which each optical element 32 diffuses and emits laser light by reflection on the curved surface 33.
- each optical element 32 diffuses and emits laser light by reflection on the curved surface 33.
- an arbitrary odd number of 1 or more is defined as m
- ⁇ S m ⁇ ⁇ / 4
- the sag amount difference ⁇ S between the adjacent optical elements 32 is set to a value that satisfies the following Expression 6. Further, as long as Expression 6 is satisfied, the sag amount difference ⁇ S is preferably set to a value that satisfies Expression 7 below, and in particular, may be set to a value that satisfies Expression 8 below. More preferred.
- the wavelength ⁇ in the equations 6, 7, and 8 is assumed for at least one color of laser beam.
- the wavelength ⁇ in the equations 6, 7, and 8 is assumed for at least one color of laser beam.
- the peak wavelength of green laser light with high visibility or the peak wavelength of red laser light with a large diffraction angle as the wavelength ⁇ is preferable to assume the peak wavelength of green laser light with high visibility or the peak wavelength of red laser light with a large diffraction angle as the wavelength ⁇ .
- Expressions 6, 7, and 8 can be established by setting different m for each color.
- the sag amount difference ⁇ S [unit: nm] is expressed by Formula 12 based on Formula 6, preferably Formula 13 based on Formula 7, and more preferably Formula 8.
- the present inventors when the laser light is emitted through the boundary 35 between the adjacent optical elements 32, the present inventors generate an intensity distribution in the emitted light that undulates according to the emission angle due to diffraction at the boundary 35.
- brightness unevenness is caused by diffraction (aperture diffraction).
- the element width W between the boundaries 35 in the longitudinal section passing through the surface vertex 34 is equal to the adjacent element 32 in any direction x, y of the entire scanning surface 31.
- Each optical element 32 is formed so as to be different from each other.
- the element width W of the first embodiment two types of element widths Wa and Wb are set, and the optical element 32 having the large element width Wa and the optical element 32 having the small element width Wb are in any direction. They are alternately arranged in x and y.
- each optical element 32 has a size relationship of the element width W compared to the adjacent optical element 32 in the horizontal direction x and a size relationship of the element width W compared to the adjacent optical element 32 in the vertical direction y. , Have been matched.
- the wave of the intensity distribution according to the emission angle ⁇ from each optical element 32 is as shown in FIG. 15 in the case of the optical element 32 having a large element width Wa (solid line in the graph).
- the optical element 32 having a small element width Wb in the graph, the alternate long and short dash line
- the amount of undulation in the vicinity of the emission angle ⁇ b corresponding to the boundary 35 becomes small. Can be suppressed according to the amount of waviness.
- the element widths Wa and Wb are ⁇ 3. 3 with respect to the peak pitch P (in the present embodiment, the average value of the element widths Wa and Wb). It is preferable for setting the luminance to be within a range of 5% to ⁇ 5% in order to suppress luminance unevenness.
- a large element width Wa is set in the optical element 32 having a large sag amount Sa and an optical element having a small sag amount Sb.
- a small element width Wb is set for the element 32.
- the curved surface 33 of the surface of each optical element 32 is set with the same radius of curvature R in the longitudinal section passing through the surface vertex 34.
- each optical element 32 has a peak pitch P equal to each other as the distance between the surface vertices 34 of the adjacent optical elements 32 in any direction x, y in the entire scanning surface 31. Is set.
- the double value of the peak pitch P is set equal to the sum (Wa + Wb) of the large element width Wa and the small element width Wb.
- the optical element 32 with the small sag amount Sb is square when viewed from the direction z as shown in FIG. 5, so that it is adjacent to the four elements 32 with the large sag amount Sa via the linear boundary 35. ing. Accordingly, in the optical element 32 having the small sag amount Sb, the inner angle ⁇ b of each corner is 90 ° as shown in FIG.
- the optical element 32 having the large sag amount Sa has a substantially octagonal shape in which the four corners of the square shape are cut as viewed from the direction z as shown in FIG. It is not only adjacent to the four elements 32 but also adjacent to another four elements 32 having a large sag amount Sa. Therefore, in the optical element 32 having the large sag amount Sa, the inner angle ⁇ a of each corner is 135 ° as shown in FIG.
- the adjacent optical elements 32 emit laser light through the curved surface 33 having a common convex curved shape, so that the intensity distribution of the diffracted light generated by the interference of the emitted light is at the emission angle.
- a corresponding multiple order diffraction peak is given.
- one optical element 32 is adjacent to the adjacent elements on both sides thereof. The diffraction peaks of the diffracted light that are generated with respect to 32 are shifted from each other.
- the diffraction peak of diffracted light generated between one optical element 32 and one adjacent element 32 is diffracted by the diffraction light generated between one optical element 32 and the adjacent element 32 on the opposite side.
- the valley By overlapping the valley, it is possible to suppress luminance unevenness felt by a viewer who visually recognizes the diffracted light as a virtual image 70.
- the different sag amounts S between the adjacent optical elements 32 in the entire scanning surface 31 on the side of forming the curved surface 33 of the surface of each optical element 32 in the screen member 30. (Sa, Sb) is realized. According to this, the effect of shifting the diffraction peak is exhibited regardless of the element position on the scanning surface 31, and the effect of suppressing the high luminance unevenness felt by the viewer can be achieved.
- the difference ⁇ S between the sag amounts S (Sa, Sb) between the adjacent optical elements 32 is not matched with m ⁇ ⁇ / 4. Overlapping of diffraction peaks can be reliably avoided. Therefore, it is possible to increase the reliability of the effect of suppressing the luminance unevenness felt by the viewer.
- the diffraction peaks are overlapped.
- the peak wavelength ⁇ of the green laser light appearing in the range of 490 to 530 nm among the laser beams of a plurality of colors that is, the peak wavelength ⁇ of the laser light having high visibility
- the diffraction peaks are overlapped.
- the waves of the intensity distribution are shifted from each other according to the difference in the element width W (Wa, Wb). According to this, since the emitted light from each adjacent optical element 32 can be visually recognized as a virtual image 70 by the viewer in a state where the wave of the intensity distribution is shifted, it is possible to further suppress the luminance unevenness felt by the viewer. .
- an incident loss and a ghost at the eye point 61 are generated due to laser light diffraction at the boundary 35. Can be suppressed.
- the second embodiment of the present disclosure is a modification of the first embodiment.
- the element width W of each optical element 2032 is set to be equal to each other and the same value as the peak pitch P in any direction x, y in the entire scanning surface 31. That is, the optical elements 2032 having a uniform width W are adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction x and the vertical direction y that realize the peak pitch P.
- Each optical element 2032 of the second embodiment has sag amounts S that are different from each other as in the first embodiment, specifically, two types of sag amounts Sa and Sb sandwiching the difference ⁇ S. , It is set over the entire scanning plane 31. Further, in any direction x, y of the entire scanning surface 31, the curvature surfaces 2033 of the optical elements 2032 are set to have the same radius of curvature R in the longitudinal section passing through the surface vertex 2034. In addition, regarding the curved surface 2033 on the surface of each optical element 2032 in the second embodiment, the depth which is the deviation amount from the reference surface vertex 2034 to the boundary (inflection point in the longitudinal section) 2035 in the direction z is sag The quantity S is defined.
- the optical element 2032 having the large sag amount Sa has a square shape when viewed from the direction z as shown in FIG. 18, and thus the four elements having the small sag amount Sb via the stepped surface boundary 2035 as shown in FIG. It is adjacent to the element 2032.
- the optical element 2032 having the small sag amount Sb has a square shape when viewed from the direction z as shown in FIG. 18, and thus, the four elements 2032 having the large sag amount Sa via the stepped surface boundary 2035 as shown in FIG. And is adjacent.
- the boundary 2035 between the adjacent optical elements 2032 has a stepped surface shape, and the relative positions of the surface vertices 2034 of these optical elements 2032 are shifted, so that different brightness can be suppressed.
- the sag amount S (Sa, Sb) can be reliably ensured.
- variation in the diffusion range of the laser light by each of the optical elements 2032 is reduced.
- the incident loss to the eye point 61 can be suppressed.
- the third embodiment of the present disclosure is a modification of the second embodiment.
- the setting of the radius of curvature R is different from that of the second embodiment for each optical element 3032 in which the element width W is the same as the peak pitch P and equal to each other and the sag amounts S (Sa, Sb) are different.
- the curvature radius R in the longitudinal section passing through the surface vertex 3034 is set to be different between adjacent elements 3032.
- each optical element 3032 has a magnitude relationship between the curvature radius R compared to the adjacent optical element 3032 in the horizontal direction x and a magnitude relationship between the curvature radius R compared to the adjacent optical element 3032 in the vertical direction y.
- the small curvature radius Ra is set for the optical element 3032 having the large sag amount Sa
- the large curvature radius Rb is set for the optical element 3032 having the small sag amount Sb.
- the optical element 3032 having the large sag amount Sa has a square shape (not shown) when viewed from the direction z, and thus has four elements having the small sag amount Sb via the linear boundary 3035. 3032 is adjacent. Further, the optical element 3032 having the small sag amount Sb is adjacent to the four elements 3032 having the large sag amount Sa through the linear boundary 3035 by exhibiting a square shape (not shown) when viewed from the direction z.
- the curvature radii R of the adjacent optical elements 3032 are made different from each other, and the relative positions of the surface vertices 3034 of the respective optical elements 3032 are shifted, whereby different brightness can be suppressed.
- the sag amount S (Sa, Sb) can be reliably ensured.
- an incident loss and a ghost to the eye point 61 are generated due to laser light diffraction at the boundary 3035. Can be suppressed.
- the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure is a modification of the first embodiment.
- the surface of each optical element 4032 has a concave curved shape that is concavely curved as a common curved shape, thereby forming a curved surface 4033 such as an arc surface.
- the curved surface 4033 is recessed from the side facing the laser scanner 10 and the optical system 40 in the direction z orthogonal to the directions x and y, and the most recessed point is a surface vertex 4034.
- the curved surface 4033 on the surface of each optical element 4032 is formed on the scanning surface 31 on the side facing the laser scanner 10 and the optical system 40 on both sides of the screen member 30 sandwiched in the thickness direction (that is, the direction z in this case). Is formed.
- the laser light projected from the laser scanner 10 to the scanning surface 31 is reflected by the curved surface 4033 on the surface of the optical element 4032, so that it diffuses from the curved surface 4033 and is emitted toward the optical system 40 side.
- the height that is the amount of deviation from the surface vertex 4034 serving as the reference in the direction z to the boundary (inflection point in the longitudinal section) 4035 has a height. , Sag amount S.
- the fifth embodiment of the present disclosure is a modification of the first embodiment.
- the curved surface 5033 protrudes to the opposite side to the side facing the laser scanner 10 and the optical system 40 in the direction z orthogonal to the directions x and y, and the most protruding point is the surface.
- a vertex 5034 is set. That is, the curved surface 5033 on the surface of each optical element 5032 is the optical surface 5036 on the side facing the laser scanner 10 and the optical system 40 among the both sides sandwiching the screen member 30 in the thickness direction (that is, the direction z in this case). Is formed on the opposite scanning surface 5031.
- the laser light projected from the laser scanner 10 onto the optical surface 5036 passes through the screen member 30 and enters the curved surface 5033 on the surface of the optical element 5032.
- the laser light is reflected by the curved surface 5033 on the surface of the optical element 5032 and transmitted through the screen member 30, thereby diffusing from the optical surface 5036 and exiting to the optical system 40 side. Is done.
- adjacent optical elements 5032 form the boundary 5035 between each other by overlapping the outer edges (contours) of the respective curved surfaces 5033. is doing. Also, for the curved surface 5033 on the surface of each optical element 5032, the height that is the amount of deviation from the reference surface vertex 5034 to the boundary (inflection point in the longitudinal section) 5035 in the direction z is defined as the sag amount S. Is done.
- different sag amounts S according to the first embodiment that is, two types of sag amounts Sa and Sb
- the adjacent optical elements 5032 have different element widths W in the longitudinal section passing through the surface vertex 5034 according to the first embodiment, that is, two kinds of element widths Wa and Wb of the scanning surface 5031. It is set in the whole area.
- the optical path length difference ⁇ L between the interfering laser beams is reflected by the curved surface 5033 on the surface of each adjacent optical element 5032 and emitted from the optical surface 5036 at the emission angle ⁇ .
- the optical path length difference ⁇ L is defined as the difference ⁇ S between the sag amounts Sa and Sb between the adjacent elements 5032, it can be expressed by Expression 3 or Expression 4 similar to the first embodiment.
- the angle difference ⁇ of the emission angle ⁇ at which the optical path length difference ⁇ L changes by the wavelength ⁇ can be expressed by Expression 5 similar to the first embodiment.
- the diffraction peak of the diffracted light generated by one optical element 5032 between the adjacent elements 5032 on both sides thereof has a different emission angle ⁇ according to the same principle as in the first embodiment. Deviation from each other occurs at the center. As a result of this shifting action, a diffraction peak generated between one optical element 5032 and one adjacent element 5032 overlaps with a diffraction valley generated between one optical element 5032 and the other adjacent element 5032. Therefore, it is difficult to strengthen each other. Therefore, although not shown, in the intensity distribution obtained by superimposing the diffracted light generated by one optical element 5032 between the adjacent elements 5032, the emission angle ⁇ at the center of each diffraction peak and the emission angle ⁇ therebetween are The intensity difference is reduced. Therefore, luminance unevenness felt by the viewer can be suppressed according to a small intensity difference.
- the fifth embodiment employs a configuration in which each optical element 5032 diffuses laser light by reflection on the curved surface 5033 and emits it from the optical surface 5036 opposite to the curved surface 5033. ing.
- the sag difference ⁇ S between the adjacent optical elements 5032 is m ⁇ ⁇ / 4 / n. Assume a match. In this case, the diffraction peaks generated between one optical element 5032 and the adjacent elements 5032 on both sides thereof may overlap each other.
- the sag amount difference ⁇ S between the adjacent optical elements 5032 is set to a value that satisfies the following Expression 15. Further, as long as Expression 15 is satisfied, the sag amount difference ⁇ S is preferably set to a value that satisfies Expression 16 below, and in particular, may be set to a value that satisfies Expression 17 below. More preferred. As a result of establishment of any one of these formulas 15, 16, and 17, in the fifth embodiment, the difference ⁇ S between the sag amounts S (Sa, Sb) between the adjacent optical elements 5032 is not matched with m ⁇ ⁇ / 4 / n. Thus, overlapping of diffraction peaks can be reliably avoided.
- the sag amount difference ⁇ S [unit: nm] is expressed by Formula 21 based on Formula 15, preferably Formula 22 based on Formula
- the adjacent optical elements 32, 4032, and 5032 have different radii of curvature R (where Ra> Rb). ) May be set according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 24 has shown the modification 1 applied to 1st embodiment.
- different curvature radii R (provided that Ra> Rb) between adjacent optical elements 2032 may be set according to the third embodiment. Good.
- different element widths W (Wa, Wb) between adjacent optical elements 2032 are set according to the first embodiment. Also good.
- FIGS. 27 and 28 As modification 4 regarding the second, third, and fifth embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 27 and 28, curved surfaces 2033, 3033, and 5033 having a concave curved shape that curves in a concave shape according to the fourth embodiment, It may be adopted.
- 27 shows a fourth modification applied to the second embodiment
- FIG. 28 shows a fourth modification applied to the fifth embodiment.
- optical elements 32, 4032 and 5032 having a large sag amount Sa having a substantially octagonal shape are arranged on a plane portion 37 (FIG. 29). It may be adjacent to another four elements 32, 4032 and 5032 having a large sag amount Sa via a lattice-shaped hatch portion. In this case, the optical elements 32, 4032 and 5032 having the small sag amount Sb are also adjacent to the other four elements 32, 4032 and 5032 having the small sag amount Sb via the plane portion 37.
- FIG. 29 has shown the modification 5 applied to 1st embodiment.
- the sag amount between adjacent optical elements 32, 2032, 3032, 4032, and 5032 on a part of the scanning surfaces 31 and 5031 may be set to be equal in the remaining part of the same surfaces 31 and 5031.
- FIG. 30 shows a sixth modification applied to the first embodiment.
- the element width W of each optical element 5032 may be set to be equal over the entire scanning surface 5031 according to the second and third embodiments.
- a modified example 8 relating to the first to fifth embodiments as shown in FIG. 30, a part of the scanning surfaces 31 and 5031 is formed between adjacent optical elements 32, 2032, 3032, 4032, and 5032. While making the element widths W different, the element widths W of the adjacent elements may be set to be equal in the remaining portions of the same surfaces 31 and 5031. Note that FIG. 30 also shows Modification 8 applied to the first embodiment.
- element widths W (Wa or Wb) differing in the horizontal direction x and the vertical direction y with respect to the same optical element 32, 2032, 3032, 4032, 5032. May be set.
- the same radius of curvature R (Ra or Ra) in the horizontal direction x and the vertical direction y with respect to the same optical element 32, 2032, 3032, 4032, 5032. Rb) may be set.
- three or more types of sag amounts S may be set.
- three or more element widths W may be set.
- the curved surfaces 33, 2033, and 3033 that transmit the laser light projected on the scanning surfaces 31 and 5031 to diffuse and emit the laser light. , 4033, 5033 may be formed on the surfaces of the optical elements 32, 2032, 3032, 4032, 5032 as microlenses.
- a single scanning mirror that can rotate about two axes may be employed as the MEMS 26 of the laser scanner 10 that is a “projector”.
- an element other than the windshield 90 may be adopted for the “display member” that forms the projection surface 91 of the vehicle 1, for example, the chamber of the windshield 90 You may employ
- the present disclosure may be applied to various moving bodies (transportation devices) such as ships or airplanes other than the vehicle 1.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Computer Graphics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Software Systems (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Instrument Panels (AREA)
- Mechanical Optical Scanning Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図1に示すように、本開示の第一実施形態によるHUD装置100は、「移動体」としての車両1に搭載され、インストルメントパネル80内に収容されている。HUD装置100は、車両1の「表示部材」であるウインドシールド90へ表示画像71を投影する。ここで車両1において、ウインドシールド90の室内側の面は、表示画像71が投影される投影面91を、湾曲する凹面状又は平坦な平面状等に形成している。また、車両1においてウインドシールド90は、室内側の面と室外側の面とで、光路差を抑制するための角度差を有するものであってもよいし、あるいは当該光路差抑制のために蒸着膜乃至はフィルム等を室内側の面に設けたものであってもよい。
以下、HUD装置100の全体的な特徴を説明する。図1に示すようにHUD装置100は、レーザスキャナ10、コントローラ29、スクリーン部材30及び光学系40を、ハウジング50内に備えている。
次に、第一実施形態による光学素子32の詳細な特徴を説明する。
ΔL=P・θ …(式1)
α=λ/P …(式2)
これら式1,2に基づいて、比較例での光路長差ΔLが0,±λとなるとき、即ち回折ピークの次数が0,±1となるときの強度分布を考えてみると、図9の如く出射角θの角度差αに応じた強度分布となることが分かる。かかる強度分布では、一光学素子132がその両側の隣接素子132との間で生じさせる回折ピークは、0から±α毎の出射角θを中心に生じるため、互いに重なって強度を強め合う。さらに、一光学素子132が両側隣接素子132との間で生じさせる回折バレーは、α/2からα毎の出射角θと-α/2から-α毎の出射角θとを中心に生じるため、互いに重なっても強度を強め合い難い。
、実線)では、回折ピークの中心の重なる出射角θ(0から±α毎)と、回折バレーの中心の重なる出射角θ(α/2からα毎、-α/2から-α毎)とで、強度差ΔIが大きくなる。故に、回折光を虚像70として視認する視認者は、大きな強度差ΔIに応じて輝度ムラを感じることになる。
ΔL=P・θ-2・ΔS …(式3)
ΔL=P・θ+2・ΔS …(式4)
α=λ/P …(式5)
これら式3,4,5に基づいて、第一実施形態での光路長差ΔLが0,±λとなるとき、即ち回折ピークの次数が0,±1となるときの強度分布を考えてみると、図12の如く出射角θの角度差αに応じた強度分布となることが分かる。かかる強度分布では、式3,5に従って大サグ量Saの一光学素子32が小サグ量Sbの片側隣接素子32との間で生じさせる回折ピークは、0に対して2・ΔS・α/λ分ずれた0次回折角θ0から±α毎の出射角θを、中心に生じる(グラフ中、実線)。また一方で、式4,5に従って大サグ量Saの一光学素子32が小サグ量Sbの逆側隣接素子32との間で生じさせる回折ピークは、0に対して-2・ΔS・α/λ分ずれた0次回折角-θ0から±α毎の出射角θを、中心に生じる(グラフ中、一点鎖線)。尚、図12は、ΔS=λ/8と設定したことにより、回折ピークがθ0=α/4及び-θ0=-α/4の各々から±α毎に生じている例を、示している。また、図12のグラフの実線に付されたポイントA~Gは、図11に例示した各光路長差ΔLを発生する回折光の方向A~Gに、それぞれ対応している。
ΔS≠m・λ/4 …(式6)
(2m-1)・λ/16<ΔS<(2m+1)・λ/16 …(式7)
ΔS=m・λ/8 …(式8)
尚、複数色のレーザ光を使用する第一実施形態では、式6,7,8の波長λは、少なくとも一色のレーザ光に対して想定される。例えば一色のレーザ光に対してのみ想定する場合、視感度の高い緑色レーザ光のピーク波長、あるいは回折角の大きな赤色レーザ光のピーク波長を、波長λとして想定することが好ましい。また、二色以上のレーザ光に対して想定する場合には、各色毎に相異なるmを設定することで、式6,7,8の成立が可能となる。
ΔS≠490・m/4~530・m/4 …(式9)
490・(2m-1)/16<ΔS<530・(2m+1)/16 …(式10)
ΔS=490・m/8~530・m/8 …(式11)
また特に、赤色レーザ光のピーク波長を、波長λとして想定する場合にサグ量差ΔS[単位nm]は、式6に基づく式12、好ましくは式7に基づく式13、さらに好ましくは式8に基づく式14を成立させる値に、設定される。
ΔS≠600・m/4~650・m/4 …(式12)
600・(2m-1)/16<ΔS<650・(2m+1)/16 …(式13)
ΔS=600・m/8~650・m/8 …(式14)
以上、式6,7,8(式9~14を含む)のいずれかを成立させる第一実施形態では、少なくとも一色のレーザ光について、隣接する光学素子32同士のサグ量差ΔSがm・λ/4からずれて、回折ピークの重なりが確実に回避され得る。尚、図6では、理解を容易にするために、サグ量差ΔSを実際よりも大きく示している。
以下、上述した第一実施形態の作用効果を説明する。
図18,19に示すように、本開示の第二実施形態は第一実施形態の変形例である。第二実施形態では、走査面31全域のいずれの方向x,yにおいても各光学素子2032の素子幅Wは、互いに等しく且つピークピッチPと同一値に設定されている。即ち、ピークピッチPを実現する水平方向xと垂直方向yとにおいて、均一幅Wの光学素子2032同士が互いに隣接している。
図20に示すように、本開示の第三実施形態は第二実施形態の変形例である。第三実施形態では、素子幅WがピークピッチPと同一で互いに等しく且つサグ量S(Sa,Sb)が相異なる各光学素子3032につき、曲率半径Rの設定が第二実施形態とは異なっている。具体的に、走査面31全域において各光学素子3032の湾曲面3033には、面頂点3034を通る縦断面での曲率半径Rが、隣接素子3032同士で相異なるように設定されている。特に第三実施形態の曲率半径Rとしては、大小二種類の曲率半径Ra,Rbが設定されており、小曲率半径Raの光学素子3032と大曲率半径Rbの光学素子3032とは、いずれの方向x,yにおいても交互に配列されている。かかる配列形態により各光学素子3032は、水平方向xにおいて隣接する光学素子3032と比較した曲率半径Rの大小関係と、垂直方向yにおいて隣接する光学素子3032と比較した曲率半径Rの大小関係とにつき、一致させられている。尚、第三実施形態では、大サグ量Saの光学素子3032に小曲率半径Raが設定され、且つ小サグ量Sbの光学素子3032に大曲率半径Rbが設定されている。
図21に示すように、本開示の第四実施形態は第一実施形態の変形例である。第四実施形態において各光学素子4032の表面は、互いに共通の湾曲形態として凹状に湾曲する凹状湾曲形態を呈することで、円弧面状等の湾曲面4033を形成している。各光学素子4032表面において湾曲面4033は、方向x,yとの直交方向zのうち、レーザスキャナ10及び光学系40と向き合う側から反対側へ凹陥し、最凹陥点を面頂点4034としている。即ち、各光学素子4032表面の湾曲面4033は、スクリーン部材30を厚さ方向(即ち、ここでは方向z)に挟んだ両側のうち、レーザスキャナ10及び光学系40と向き合う側の走査面31に、形成されている。かかる構成により、レーザスキャナ10から走査面31へ投射されるレーザ光は、光学素子4032表面の湾曲面4033により反射されることで、当該湾曲面4033から拡散して光学系40側へと出射される。
図22に示すように、本開示の第五実施形態は第一実施形態の変形例である。第五実施形態の各光学素子5032表面において湾曲面5033は、方向x,yとの直交方向zのうち、レーザスキャナ10及び光学系40と向き合う側とは反対側へ突出し、最突出点を面頂点5034としている。即ち、各光学素子5032表面の湾曲面5033は、スクリーン部材30を厚さ方向(即ち、ここでは方向z)に挟んだ両側のうち、レーザスキャナ10及び光学系40と向き合う側の光学面5036とは反対側の走査面5031に、形成されている。かかる構成により、レーザスキャナ10から光学面5036へ投射されるレーザ光は、スクリーン部材30内を透過して、光学素子5032表面の湾曲面5033に入射する。その結果としてレーザ光は、図23に示すように、光学素子5032表面の湾曲面5033により反射されてスクリーン部材30内を透過することで、光学面5036から拡散して光学系40側へと出射される。
ΔS≠m・λ/4/n …(式15)
(2m-1)・λ/16/n<ΔS<(2m+1)・λ/16/n …(式16)
ΔS=m・λ/8/n …(式17)
尚、第五実施形態においても、第一実施形態と同様に、複数色のレーザ光を使用することから、式15,16,17の波長λは、少なくとも一色のレーザ光に対して想定される。例えば一色のレーザ光に対してのみ想定する場合、緑色レーザ光、あるいは赤色レーザ光のピーク波長を、波長λとして想定することが好ましい。また、二色以上のレーザ光に対して想定する場合には、各色毎に相異なるmを設定することで、式15,16,17の成立が可能となる。
ΔS≠490・m/4/n~530・m/4/n …(式18)
490・(2m-1)/16/n<ΔS<530・(2m+1)/16/n …(式19)
ΔS=490・m/8/n~530・m/8/n …(式20)
また特に、赤色レーザ光のピーク波長を、波長λとして想定する場合にサグ量差ΔS[単位nm]は、式15に基づく式21、好ましくは式16に基づく式22、さらに好ましくは式17に基づく式23を成立させる値に、設定される。
ΔS≠600・m/4/n~650・m/4/n …(式21)
600・(2m-1)/16/n<ΔS<650・(2m+1)/16/n …(式22)
ΔS=600・m/8/n~650・m/8/n …(式23)
以上説明の特徴を除いて第一実施形態と同様の特徴を備える第五実施形態によれば、第一実施形態と同様の作用効果を発揮することが、可能となる。
以上、本開示の複数の実施形態について説明したが、本開示は、それらの実施形態に限定して解釈されるものではなく、本開示の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内において種々の実施形態及び組み合わせに適用することができる。
Claims (27)
- 移動体(1)の投影面(91)に表示画像(71)を投影することにより、前記表示画像の虚像(70)を前記移動体の室内から視認可能に表示するヘッドアップディスプレイ装置であって、
前記表示画像となるレーザ光を投射する投射器(10)と、
格子状に配列される複数の光学素子(32,2032,3032,4032,5032)を、有し、前記投射器から前記光学素子に入射される前記レーザ光を拡散して前記投影面側に導くスクリーン部材(30)とを、備え、
各前記光学素子は、凸状湾曲及び凹状湾曲のうちのいずれか一方であり互いに共通の湾曲形態を呈する湾曲面(33,2033,3033,4033,5033)を、表面に形成し、当該湾曲面を通じて前記投影面側に出射させる前記レーザ光を、拡散し、
隣接する前記光学素子同士にて前記湾曲面の面頂点(34,2034,3034,4034,5034)から相互間の境界(35,2035,3035,4035,5035)までのサグ量(S,Sa,Sb)は、相異なるヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。 - 各前記光学素子(32,2032,3032,4032)は、前記湾曲面(33,2033,3033,4033)での反射により、前記レーザ光を拡散して当該湾曲面から出射し、
1以上の奇数をmと定義し、前記レーザ光の波長をλと定義し、隣接する前記光学素子同士の前記サグ量の差をΔSと定義すると、
ΔS≠m・λ/4 が成立する請求項1に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。 - (2m-1)・λ/16<ΔS<(2m+1)・λ/16 が成立する請求項2に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。
- ΔS=m・λ/8 が成立する請求項3に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。
- 各前記光学素子(5032)は、前記湾曲面(5033)での反射により、前記レーザ光を拡散して当該湾曲面とは反対側の光学面(5036)から出射し、
1以上の奇数をmと定義し、前記レーザ光の波長をλと定義し、隣接する前記光学素子同士の前記サグ量の差をΔSと定義し、前記スクリーン部材の屈折率をnと定義すると、
ΔS≠m・λ/4/n が成立する請求項1に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。 - (2m-1)・λ/16/n<ΔS<(2m+1)・λ/16/n が成立する請求項5に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。
- ΔS=m・λ/8/n が成立する請求項6に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。
- 前記投射器は、ピーク波長が490~530nmの範囲に現れる緑色レーザ光を含んだ複数色の前記レーザ光を、投射し、
前記緑色レーザ光のピーク波長を前記λと定義する請求項2~7のいずれか一項に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。 - 前記投射器は、ピーク波長が600~650nmの範囲に現れる赤色レーザ光を含んだ複数色の前記レーザ光を、投射し、
前記赤色レーザ光のピーク波長を前記λと定義する請求項2~7のいずれか一項に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。 - 各前記光学素子(32,2032,3032,4032)は、前記湾曲面(33,2033,3033,4033)での反射により、前記レーザ光を拡散して当該湾曲面から出射し、
1以上の奇数をmと定義し、隣接する前記光学素子同士の前記サグ量の差をΔS[単位nm]と定義すると、
ΔS≠490・m/4~530・m/4 が成立する請求項1に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。 - 490・(2m-1)/16<ΔS<530・(2m+1)/16 が成立する請求項10に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。
- ΔS=490・m/8~530・m/8 が成立する請求項11に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。
- 各前記光学素子(32,2032,3032,4032)は、前記湾曲面(33,2033,3033,4033)での反射により、前記レーザ光を拡散して当該湾曲面から出射し、
1以上の奇数をmと定義し、隣接する前記光学素子同士の前記サグ量の差をΔS[単位nm]と定義すると、
ΔS≠600・m/4~650・m/4 が成立する請求項1に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。 - 600・(2m-1)/16<ΔS<650・(2m+1)/16 が成立する請求項13に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。
- ΔS=600・m/8~650・m/8 が成立する請求項14に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。
- 各前記光学素子(5032)は、前記湾曲面(5033)での反射により、前記レーザ光を拡散して当該湾曲面とは反対側の光学面(5036)から出射し、
1以上の奇数をmと定義し、隣接する前記光学素子同士の前記サグ量の差をΔS[単位nm]と定義し、前記スクリーン部材の屈折率をnと定義すると、
ΔS≠490・m/4/n~530・m/4/n が成立する請求項1に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。 - 490・(2m-1)/16/n<ΔS<530・(2m+1)/16/n が成立する請求項16に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。
- ΔS=490・m/8/n~530・m/8/n が成立する請求項17に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。
- 各前記光学素子(5032)は、前記湾曲面(5033)での反射により、前記レーザ光を拡散して当該湾曲面とは反対側の光学面(5036)から出射し、
1以上の奇数をmと定義し、隣接する前記光学素子同士の前記サグ量の差をΔS[単位nm]と定義し、前記スクリーン部材の屈折率をnと定義すると、
ΔS≠600・m/4/n~650・m/4/n が成立する請求項1に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。 - 600・(2m-1)/16/n<ΔS<650・(2m+1)/16/n が成立する請求項19に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。
- ΔS=600・m/8/n~650・m/8/n が成立する請求項20に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。
- 各前記光学素子(32,4032,5032)は、隣接するもの同士にて前記境界(35,4035,5035)間の素子幅(W,Wa,Wb)が相異なるように、形成される請求項1~21のいずれか一項に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。
- 前記光学素子(32,3032,4032,5032)同士は、線状の前記境界(35,3035,4035,5035)を介して隣接する請求項1~22のいずれか一項に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。
- 前記光学素子(2032)同士は、段差面状の前記境界(2035)を介して隣接する請求項1~22のいずれか一項に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。
- 各前記光学素子(3032)は、隣接するもの同士にて前記湾曲面(3033)の曲率半径(R,Ra,Rb)が相異なるように、形成される請求項1~24のいずれか一項に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。
- 前記光学素子(2032)同士は、段差面状の前記境界(2035)を介して隣接し、
各前記光学素子は、前記湾曲面(2033)の曲率半径(R)及び前記境界間の素子幅(W)が等しくなるように、形成される請求項1~21のいずれか一項に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。 - 隣接する前記光学素子(32,2032,3032,4032,5032)同士の前記サグ量は、前記スクリーン部材のうち各前記光学素子表面の前記湾曲面を形成する側の面(31,5031)の全域において、相異なる請求項1~26のいずれか一項に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201480007618.9A CN104969113B (zh) | 2013-02-06 | 2014-02-03 | 平视显示装置 |
| US14/766,029 US9436008B2 (en) | 2013-02-06 | 2014-02-03 | Head-up display device |
| KR1020157023891A KR101746322B1 (ko) | 2013-02-06 | 2014-02-03 | 헤드업 디스플레이 장치 |
| DE112014000691.2T DE112014000691T5 (de) | 2013-02-06 | 2014-02-03 | Head-up-Display-Vorrichtung |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013-021729 | 2013-02-06 | ||
| JP2013021729 | 2013-02-06 | ||
| JP2013195857A JP5949714B2 (ja) | 2013-02-06 | 2013-09-20 | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 |
| JP2013-195857 | 2013-09-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2014122912A1 true WO2014122912A1 (ja) | 2014-08-14 |
Family
ID=51299512
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2014/000553 Ceased WO2014122912A1 (ja) | 2013-02-06 | 2014-02-03 | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9436008B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5949714B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101746322B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN104969113B (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE112014000691T5 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2014122912A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016017097A1 (ja) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-02-04 | 株式会社デンソー | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 |
| US9395541B2 (en) | 2013-08-08 | 2016-07-19 | Denso Corporation | Head-up display apparatus |
| EP3203275A4 (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2018-05-30 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Diffusing plate and method for producing diffusing plate |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2802971B2 (ja) | 1991-07-02 | 1998-09-24 | 新電元工業株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
| JP2016090640A (ja) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-05-23 | カルソニックカンセイ株式会社 | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 |
| KR102413740B1 (ko) * | 2014-10-31 | 2022-06-29 | 현대모비스 주식회사 | 차량용 헤드 업 디스플레이 장치 |
| GB2553559B (en) | 2016-09-08 | 2022-06-29 | Bae Systems Plc | Diffusers for head up displays |
| JP7091667B2 (ja) | 2017-03-17 | 2022-06-28 | 株式会社リコー | 表示装置、物体装置、画像形成ユニット及び表示方法 |
| WO2018168951A1 (en) | 2017-03-17 | 2018-09-20 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Display device, object apparatus, image forming unit and display method |
| US10690923B1 (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2020-06-23 | Facebook Technologies, Llc | Scanning system for a tiling display |
| WO2019039619A1 (ko) * | 2017-08-22 | 2019-02-28 | 주식회사 세코닉스 | 헤드업 디스플레이 장치 및 방법 |
| WO2019146423A1 (ja) * | 2018-01-25 | 2019-08-01 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 投映像表示用部材、ウインドシールドガラスおよびヘッドアップディスプレイシステム |
| TWI839412B (zh) | 2018-11-27 | 2024-04-21 | 美商康寧公司 | 具有改善的表面及邊緣品質的抬頭顯示器鏡與其形成方法 |
| KR102753089B1 (ko) * | 2022-12-26 | 2025-01-10 | 연합과학기술사업화센터 협동조합 | 장주기의 반-사인파 형상 그레이팅을 이용한 라인 분포 구조체 |
| FR3164542A1 (fr) * | 2024-07-12 | 2026-01-16 | Valeo Vision | Système optique comprenant un émetteur laser et un écran diffuseur réflecteur |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010145746A (ja) * | 2008-12-18 | 2010-07-01 | Equos Research Co Ltd | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 |
| JP2012163613A (ja) * | 2011-02-03 | 2012-08-30 | Denso Corp | 虚像表示装置 |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07270711A (ja) * | 1994-03-30 | 1995-10-20 | Canon Inc | 情報表示装置 |
| US7271962B2 (en) | 2003-07-22 | 2007-09-18 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Two-dimensional image formation apparatus |
| JP2005059469A (ja) * | 2003-08-18 | 2005-03-10 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 防眩性フィルム及び防眩性フィルムの製造方法 |
| JP2007233017A (ja) | 2006-03-01 | 2007-09-13 | Sun Tec Kk | レンズシート |
| JP5145710B2 (ja) | 2006-12-18 | 2013-02-20 | 日本精機株式会社 | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 |
| WO2008114502A1 (ja) * | 2007-03-19 | 2008-09-25 | Panasonic Corporation | レーザ照明装置及び画像表示装置 |
| JP5075595B2 (ja) | 2007-11-26 | 2012-11-21 | 株式会社東芝 | 表示装置及びそれを用いた移動体 |
| JP5298585B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-17 | 2013-09-25 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | スクリーン及びプロジェクタ |
| JP5239832B2 (ja) * | 2008-12-24 | 2013-07-17 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | スクリーン |
| JP5521655B2 (ja) * | 2009-04-10 | 2014-06-18 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 反射型スクリーン、投影システム、フロントプロジェクションテレビ及び反射型スクリーンの製造方法 |
| JP4769912B1 (ja) * | 2011-02-28 | 2011-09-07 | パイオニア株式会社 | 光学素子、ヘッドアップディスプレイ及び光学素子の製造方法 |
| JP5370427B2 (ja) * | 2011-07-24 | 2013-12-18 | 株式会社デンソー | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 |
| JP5310810B2 (ja) * | 2011-08-27 | 2013-10-09 | 株式会社デンソー | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 |
| JP6225550B2 (ja) * | 2013-08-08 | 2017-11-08 | 株式会社デンソー | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 |
-
2013
- 2013-09-20 JP JP2013195857A patent/JP5949714B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-02-03 US US14/766,029 patent/US9436008B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-02-03 CN CN201480007618.9A patent/CN104969113B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-02-03 WO PCT/JP2014/000553 patent/WO2014122912A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2014-02-03 KR KR1020157023891A patent/KR101746322B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-02-03 DE DE112014000691.2T patent/DE112014000691T5/de not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010145746A (ja) * | 2008-12-18 | 2010-07-01 | Equos Research Co Ltd | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 |
| JP2012163613A (ja) * | 2011-02-03 | 2012-08-30 | Denso Corp | 虚像表示装置 |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9395541B2 (en) | 2013-08-08 | 2016-07-19 | Denso Corporation | Head-up display apparatus |
| WO2016017097A1 (ja) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-02-04 | 株式会社デンソー | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 |
| JP2016033528A (ja) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-03-10 | 株式会社デンソー | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 |
| EP3203275A4 (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2018-05-30 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Diffusing plate and method for producing diffusing plate |
| US10451778B2 (en) | 2014-09-30 | 2019-10-22 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Diffuser plate and method for producing diffuser plate |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US9436008B2 (en) | 2016-09-06 |
| CN104969113B (zh) | 2017-08-08 |
| JP5949714B2 (ja) | 2016-07-13 |
| JP2014170213A (ja) | 2014-09-18 |
| KR101746322B1 (ko) | 2017-06-12 |
| US20150370068A1 (en) | 2015-12-24 |
| KR20150113189A (ko) | 2015-10-07 |
| CN104969113A (zh) | 2015-10-07 |
| DE112014000691T5 (de) | 2015-10-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP6225550B2 (ja) | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 | |
| JP5949714B2 (ja) | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 | |
| JP5900445B2 (ja) | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 | |
| JP6213010B2 (ja) | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 | |
| JP5310810B2 (ja) | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 | |
| JP5594272B2 (ja) | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 | |
| JP6579212B2 (ja) | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 | |
| KR20170030594A (ko) | 도광 장치 및 허상 표시 장치 | |
| JP2016085430A (ja) | 虚像表示装置 | |
| US9829704B2 (en) | Head-up display device | |
| JP2012168427A (ja) | 虚像表示装置 | |
| KR20170104370A (ko) | 도광 장치 및 허상 표시 장치 | |
| JP2016188901A (ja) | 表示装置 | |
| WO2015163270A1 (ja) | 透過型スクリーンおよびヘッドアップディスプレイ | |
| WO2017145558A1 (ja) | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 14748634 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 14766029 Country of ref document: US |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1120140006912 Country of ref document: DE Ref document number: 112014000691 Country of ref document: DE |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20157023891 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 14748634 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |