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WO2014116498A1 - Concentrateur de guide d'onde solaire - Google Patents

Concentrateur de guide d'onde solaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014116498A1
WO2014116498A1 PCT/US2014/011870 US2014011870W WO2014116498A1 WO 2014116498 A1 WO2014116498 A1 WO 2014116498A1 US 2014011870 W US2014011870 W US 2014011870W WO 2014116498 A1 WO2014116498 A1 WO 2014116498A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
waveguide layer
light
photovoltaic device
layer
waveguide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2014/011870
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Edward C. Greer
Jehuda Greener
Garo Khanarian
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dow Global Technologies LLC
Original Assignee
Dow Global Technologies LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dow Global Technologies LLC filed Critical Dow Global Technologies LLC
Publication of WO2014116498A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014116498A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
    • H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H10F77/488—Reflecting light-concentrating means, e.g. parabolic mirrors or concentrators using total internal reflection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
    • H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to photovoltaic devices that convert incident light into electrical energy. More specifically, the present invention relates to a solar concentrator that captures sunlight over a large area and directs it to photovoltaic cells that convert that light into electricity.
  • Photovoltaic cells which may also be referred to as solar cells or PV cells, are useful for converting incident light, such as sunlight, into electrical energy.
  • incident light such as sunlight
  • semiconductor materials that are used in photovoltaic cells are somewhat costly and the corresponding construction of these cells is relatively expensive, it can be advantageous to utilize relatively inexpensive solar energy
  • concentrators which are optical components with a large surface area, to collect sunlight. The concentrators then concentrate the light and direct it into a
  • photovoltaic cell with a smaller surface area. Transferring light to the photovoltaic cells at high conversion efficiencies can often lower the overall cost of solar energy produced by the system. Therefore, several types of solar concentrators have been developed to achieve higher conversion efficiency in photovoltaic cells.
  • One common method used for achieving higher photovoltaic efficiencies is to direct sunlight to mirrors that collect and focus light for use by a device that converts the light into electrical energy.
  • Devices of this type often include systems for tracking the sun as it moves throughout the day in order to maximize their efficiencies.
  • Other systems include the use of light coupled into waveguides via grating structures comprising periodic modulations that establish the phase matching condition for coupling an incoming light ray into a waveguide mode.
  • Various waveguiding systems and devices are also available, such as systems that couple light into a waveguide by prismatic structures that protrude onto the surface of the waveguide and couple light at a shallow angle so that the light ray is trapped in the waveguide.
  • Other systems can couple light using a wedge-type waveguide having a thickness that varies with distance.
  • Systems that utilize solar concentrators have been described in the patent and technical literature. Examples include U.S. Pat. Publication. Nos. 2009/0126792 (Gruhlke et al.); 2011/
  • the present invention is directed to a photovoltaic system for converting incident sunlight into electrical energy.
  • An embodiment of the invention includes a photovoltaic device with a waveguide layer adjacent to a light collector layer.
  • the waveguide layer includes a first surface for receiving light, a second surface opposite the first surface for reflecting light, and at least one edge surface generally perpendicular to the first and second surfaces for emitting light.
  • the light collector layer includes a first surface for receiving light, and a second surface opposite the first surface for emitting light.
  • the second surface of the light collector layer includes a plurality of optical elements having three-dimensional tapered shapes with a surface area that is larger at their top than at their bottom, such as cones, prisms, and paraboloids, for example.
  • the optical elements have a truncated paraboloidal shape, wherein the truncated area of each of the optical elements is in optical contact with the first surface of the waveguide layer.
  • the chosen shape of these optical elements is generally designed to collect light from a broad range of angles.
  • at least one edge surface of the waveguide layer is optically coupled to at least one photovoltaic cell.
  • the optical elements in the light collector layer of the photovoltaic system described above can be compound parabolic concentrators. Both the waveguide layer and the light collector layer include highly light transmissive materials. These materials can be organic (polymeric) or inorganic.
  • the first surface of the waveguide layer is coated with a reflective material in areas that are not in contact with the truncated surfaces of the optical elements in the light collector layer.
  • the second surface of the waveguide layer is coated with or attached to a suitable light reflective layer.
  • the first surface of the waveguide layer can further include a plurality of exposed areas or openings (e.g., uncoated spots that can be round or differently shaped) arranged in a pattern aligned with the truncated surfaces of the optical elements of the light collector layer, wherein said pattern can be produced using a screen printing process or other suitable patterning processes.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a portion of a photovoltaic system of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic exploded side view of a photovoltaic system of the invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic side view of the photovoltaic system of Figure 2 in its assembled state.
  • a solar waveguide concentrator or photovoltaic system 10 of the invention which generally includes a waveguide layer 12 adjacent to a light collector layer 14.
  • System 10 can be used for photovoltaic conversion of incident sunlight into electrical energy, as will be described in further detail below.
  • Waveguide layer 12 is provided with a first or top surface 28 and a second or bottom surface 34 that is opposite the first surface 28.
  • the first surface 28 is provided for receiving light from the light collector layer 14, while the second surface 34 is provided for reflecting light.
  • the waveguide layer 12 further includes at least one edge surface that is generally perpendicular to the first and second surfaces, wherein each edge surface emits light that reaches it.
  • waveguide layer 12 includes a first edge surface 36 and a second edge surface 37. Edge surfaces 36 and 37 are coupled to photovoltaic cells 33 and 32, respectively.
  • the waveguide layer 12 has a thickness 38 and a length 50, which dimensions can vary considerably, depending on the design and specifications of the photovoltaic system.
  • the waveguide layer 12 can be made of a solid material that is highly
  • the waveguide layer 12 is provided with a reflective layer or metal reflector 30 that can reflect light beams that impinge upon it and can also act as a heat sink for unreflected beams.
  • the reflective layer 30 is provided with a specific pattern of reflective areas (e.g., areas including a reflective material) and exposed areas (e.g., uncoated spots or areas) across the first surface 28 of the waveguide layer 12, wherein the uncoated or exposed areas are aligned with the optical elements 16 of the light collector layer 14.
  • the size, number, spacing, and other features of the exposed areas on the first surface 28 of the waveguide layer 12 can be designed to optimize the light conversion efficiency of the system, as will be described in further detail below.
  • Light collector layer 14 generally includes multiple optical elements 16 that can be arranged in a grid pattern or other arrangement across its second surface.
  • Each of the optical elements generally includes a three-dimensional tapered shape with a surface area that is larger at its top than at its bottom, such as a truncated cone, a truncated prism, or a truncated paraboloid, for example.
  • the optical elements have a truncated paraboloidal shape, wherein the truncated area of each of the optical elements is in optical contact with the first surface of the waveguide layer.
  • the chosen shape for these optical elements is generally designed to collect light from a broad range of angles.
  • optical elements 16 are
  • Each of the optical elements 16 includes an input end 18, an output end 20, and a concentrator region 22 extending between the input and output ends 18, 20.
  • the shapes and sizes of the features of the optical elements 16 are designed to optimize the concentration of light that enters the system and provided to the waveguide layer 12.
  • the quantity and types of elements provided for a particular light collector layer are generally selected to provide a desired concentrating power over a certain range of incident angles.
  • the concentrating power of optical elements 16 can be calculated as a ratio of an area 24 at the input end 18 to an area 26 at the output end 20. This power typically varies as a ratio in the range of approximately 2 to 20, although the ratio can be higher or lower than this range. That is, the optical elements 16 are relatively large at their top surface as compared to their bottom surface.
  • concentration powers ranging from 2 to 10 will be desirable.
  • the upper input area of an optical element 16 is approximately 9 mm 2 and the area of the lower aperture of that same optical element is approximately 1 mm , thereby providing a concentration power of 9.
  • the optical elements 16 can have shapes or geometries other than truncated paraboloids, such as truncated prisms, hemispheres, cones, hyperboloids, and combinations thereof, as well as other shapes. Such shapes and structures can produce different levels of concentration power and efficiencies as compared to the compound parabolic shapes discussed and illustrated herein. In some cases, however, features of the optical elements are selected to accommodate a certain material or structural limitation of the device.
  • a light collector layer 14 is shown prior to its attachment to waveguide layer 12, wherein the waveguide layer 12 may be provided as a metalized sheet of acrylic or glass that is screen printed or otherwise processed to provide the patterned metalized layer 30.
  • the light collector layer 14 may further include a top layer 54 from which the optical elements 16 project or extend.
  • the layer 54 is provided as a support member that can maintain the optical elements in a certain configuration for at least a period of time.
  • the layer 54 is removable after the light collector layer 14 is placed in its desired location relative to the waveguide layer 12.
  • the layer 54 is not removable and will remain permanently attached to the optical elements 16 after the layers are assembled.
  • the layer 54 may be desirable for layer 54 to be highly transmissive to maximize the amount of light that reaches the input end 18 of the optical elements 16. It may also be desirable for input end 18 of at least one of the optical elements 16 to have a surface that is curved or shaped in such a way that it is not flat or planar, in order to further increase light coupling efficiency.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the layers of Figure 2 in an assembled state, in which an adhesive 56 can be positioned between the output ends of the optical elements 16 and the waveguide layer 12 to secure these layers to each other. As shown, the output ends of the optical elements 16 are aligned with the patterned "holes" or uncoated areas of the patterned metalized layer 30.
  • the 16 of one embodiment of the invention have a paraboloidal shape that is truncated at the output end 20.
  • This truncated portion has an area 26 that matches the uncoated spots or openings in layer 30 on the first surface of the waveguide layer 12. That is, the uncoated spots in the reflective layer 30 of waveguide layer 12 are aligned with the output ends 20 of the optical elements 16 and are positioned so that the elements 16 are in optical contact with the first surface of the waveguide layer 12.
  • the photovoltaic cells provided with embodiments of the invention can be relatively thin and long and can have approximately the same or a similar width as the waveguide thickness 38 and can have a length that is approximately the same as the waveguide length 50. Exemplary dimensions of these cells are 1 mm high x 50 mm long, or 2 mm high x 100 mm long, or 5 mm high x 500 mm long, although different dimensions are contemplated.
  • the photovoltaic cells 32, 33 can optionally be optically coupled to the edge surface(s) of the waveguide layer 12 with optical adhesive and electrically wired to an electrical grid. Such thin and long cells can be cut (e.g., with a saw) from thin silicon wafers, for example.
  • the photovoltaic cells can be of any relatively high efficiency cell type, such as crystalline silicon, CdTe, CIGS, or multijunction III-V type cells. Due to the concentration of light, rear contact cells may be used in some embodiments to minimize the possibility of aperturing on the front of the cell.
  • a number of exemplary paths of light within the waveguide layer 12 are shown, all of which are intended to represent incident light that first enters the relatively large input end 18 of an optical element 16 and that is concentrated down to a relatively small output end 20.
  • the concentrated light can then enter the waveguide layer 12 through the uncoated spots or openings on the first surface of the waveguide layer that are in optical contact with the output end 20 of each optical element.
  • One exemplary light path is illustrated with a first light ray 40, which is initially shown as entering one of the optical elements 16 at an arbitrary incident angle. The ray 40 is then directed toward the output end 20 of the optical element 16 until it enters the waveguide layer 12.
  • a number of rays propagate from the output end 20 of this optical element and into the waveguide layer 12.
  • One such exemplary light ray 42 is shown as entering the waveguide 12 from that output end 20, wherein it then travels through the thickness 38 of the waveguide layer 12 until it reaches the bottom surface 34 on the opposite side of the waveguide layer 12, and it is then reflected back into the waveguide layer.
  • the reflected light ray then travels back up toward the reflective layer 30, wherein this particular ray impinges on the area between the uncoated spots or openings in the reflective layer (i.e., a reflective portion of the patterned layer).
  • This light ray can continue to bounce between the surfaces of the waveguide layer until the light reaches a photovoltaic cell on one of the edge surfaces of the waveguide layer 12. At this point, the light impinging on the cell can be converted into electrical energy.
  • Another exemplary light ray 44 is illustrated as traveling through the
  • reflective layers that are provided on the first and/or second surfaces of the waveguide layer can be provided in a number of ways.
  • the reflective layers can be provided as shiny, highly reflective metal coatings (i.e., metallic mirrors), as multilayer coatings that are otherwise known as Bragg mirrors, or as relatively low cost white reflectors of the type that are used in liquid crystal display backlights.
  • metallic mirrored surfaces When metallic mirrored surfaces are used, they may be produced in a sputtering machine, for example. Reflected light beams that contact these metallic mirrored surfaces can experience a small absorption and loss upon each reflection.
  • Bragg mirrors or Bragg multilayer dielectric coatings can provide coatings in which the light beams do not experience significant optical loss upon reflection, but are more difficult to coat onto substrates.
  • White reflectors can be made of a relatively low cost polymeric material and can simply be placed adjacent to the reflective surface without the need to coat directly onto the surface of the waveguide.
  • Another exemplary embodiment of the invention includes a waveguide
  • the waveguide is structured so that light rays can be reflected off its surfaces due to total internal reflection.
  • the devices and systems of the invention are used in a stationary mode, such as through attachment to a roof on a building, for example, because the systems described herein have a relatively large acceptance angle for the capture of incident sunlight as the earth moves relative to the sun.
  • the devices and systems of the invention can be used in combination with a tracking system that follows the path of the sun.
  • a tracking system can improve the efficiency of capture of sunlight, as is known in the art for increasing concentration and efficiency.
  • the tracking can occur along one axis or two axes, depending on the latitude and longitude of the location of the photovoltaic device.
  • Certain features of the light collector layers of the type described herein will determine the acceptance angle of the system. That is, some systems can be adjusted and optimized for acceptance in one or more direction, which will lead to better performance in certain applications. For example, for a module which is to be mounted in a fixed orientation, polar aligned, at latitude tilt, a light collector layer with a broad acceptance angle across the horizontal axis will be relatively immune to the diurnal variation in illumination as the sun moves across the sky. This
  • “pseudotracking” can increase the annual output of a system by a significant amount (e.g., up to 30%).

Landscapes

  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif photovoltaïque comprenant une couche guide d'onde avec une première surface servant à recevoir de la lumière, une deuxième surface opposée à la première surface servant à réfléchir la lumière, et au moins une surface bord généralement perpendiculaire aux première et deuxième surfaces servant à émettre de la lumière ; et une couche collecteur de lumière adjacente à la couche guide d'onde qui comprend une première surface servant à recevoir de la lumière, et une deuxième surface servant à émettre de la lumière, la deuxième surface de la couche collecteur de lumière comprenant une pluralité d'éléments optiques avec une forme tronconique tridimensionnelle avec une surface supérieure qui est plus grande qu'une surface inférieure, et la surface inférieure de chacun des éléments optiques étant en contact optique avec la première surface de la couche guide d'onde. Au moins une surface bord de la couche guide d'onde est couplée optiquement avec au moins une cellule photovoltaïque.
PCT/US2014/011870 2013-01-23 2014-01-16 Concentrateur de guide d'onde solaire Ceased WO2014116498A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201361755699P 2013-01-23 2013-01-23
US61/755,699 2013-01-23

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WO2014116498A1 true WO2014116498A1 (fr) 2014-07-31

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3324450A1 (fr) * 2016-11-18 2018-05-23 LG Electronics Inc. Module de cellule solaire
IT202200025074A1 (it) * 2022-12-07 2024-06-07 Claudio Romagnoli Pannello solare concentratore con o senza luminescenza (lsc), potenziato tramite concentrazione e riflessione focalizzata

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6425675B2 (en) 2000-04-27 2002-07-30 Kuraray Co., Ltd. Planar light source and display device using the same
US6639733B2 (en) 2000-03-16 2003-10-28 Light Prescriptions Innovators, Llc. High efficiency non-imaging optics
US20090126792A1 (en) 2007-11-16 2009-05-21 Qualcomm Incorporated Thin film solar concentrator/collector
US7672549B2 (en) 2007-09-10 2010-03-02 Banyan Energy, Inc. Solar energy concentrator
US7817885B1 (en) * 2009-06-24 2010-10-19 University Of Rochester Stepped light collection and concentration system, components thereof, and methods
US20110005595A1 (en) * 2009-07-13 2011-01-13 Yu-Chih Yang Solar cell module and the fabrication method of the same
US7873257B2 (en) 2007-05-01 2011-01-18 Morgan Solar Inc. Light-guide solar panel and method of fabrication thereof
US20110011449A1 (en) 2007-05-01 2011-01-20 Morgan Solar Inc. Light-guide solar panel and method of fabrication thereof
US20110162712A1 (en) 2010-01-07 2011-07-07 Martin David Tillin Non-tracked low concentration solar apparatus
US20120006382A1 (en) 2010-06-07 2012-01-12 Hypersolar, Inc. Thin and flat solar collector-concentrator
US20120140352A1 (en) 2011-02-07 2012-06-07 Morgan Solar Inc. Light-Guide Solar Energy Concentrator
WO2012089068A1 (fr) * 2010-12-30 2012-07-05 财团法人工业技术研究院 Module guide de lumière solaire à concentration

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6639733B2 (en) 2000-03-16 2003-10-28 Light Prescriptions Innovators, Llc. High efficiency non-imaging optics
US6425675B2 (en) 2000-04-27 2002-07-30 Kuraray Co., Ltd. Planar light source and display device using the same
US7873257B2 (en) 2007-05-01 2011-01-18 Morgan Solar Inc. Light-guide solar panel and method of fabrication thereof
US20110011449A1 (en) 2007-05-01 2011-01-20 Morgan Solar Inc. Light-guide solar panel and method of fabrication thereof
US7672549B2 (en) 2007-09-10 2010-03-02 Banyan Energy, Inc. Solar energy concentrator
US20090126792A1 (en) 2007-11-16 2009-05-21 Qualcomm Incorporated Thin film solar concentrator/collector
US7817885B1 (en) * 2009-06-24 2010-10-19 University Of Rochester Stepped light collection and concentration system, components thereof, and methods
US20110005595A1 (en) * 2009-07-13 2011-01-13 Yu-Chih Yang Solar cell module and the fabrication method of the same
US20110162712A1 (en) 2010-01-07 2011-07-07 Martin David Tillin Non-tracked low concentration solar apparatus
US20120006382A1 (en) 2010-06-07 2012-01-12 Hypersolar, Inc. Thin and flat solar collector-concentrator
WO2012089068A1 (fr) * 2010-12-30 2012-07-05 财团法人工业技术研究院 Module guide de lumière solaire à concentration
US20130160820A1 (en) * 2010-12-30 2013-06-27 Industrial Technology Research Institute Focusing solar light guide module
US20120140352A1 (en) 2011-02-07 2012-06-07 Morgan Solar Inc. Light-Guide Solar Energy Concentrator

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3324450A1 (fr) * 2016-11-18 2018-05-23 LG Electronics Inc. Module de cellule solaire
US10910990B2 (en) 2016-11-18 2021-02-02 Lg Electronics Inc. Solar cell module
IT202200025074A1 (it) * 2022-12-07 2024-06-07 Claudio Romagnoli Pannello solare concentratore con o senza luminescenza (lsc), potenziato tramite concentrazione e riflessione focalizzata

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