WO2014104168A1 - 車両通信システム、車載器、記録媒体、及び、通信方法 - Google Patents
車両通信システム、車載器、記録媒体、及び、通信方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014104168A1 WO2014104168A1 PCT/JP2013/084814 JP2013084814W WO2014104168A1 WO 2014104168 A1 WO2014104168 A1 WO 2014104168A1 JP 2013084814 W JP2013084814 W JP 2013084814W WO 2014104168 A1 WO2014104168 A1 WO 2014104168A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M15/00—Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP
- H04M15/68—Payment of value-added services
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
- H04W4/44—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for communication between vehicles and infrastructures, e.g. vehicle-to-cloud [V2C] or vehicle-to-home [V2H]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
- H04W4/46—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for vehicle-to-vehicle communication [V2V]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
- G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
- G07B15/06—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems
- G07B15/063—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems using wireless information transmission between the vehicle and a fixed station
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
- H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
- H04W72/0446—Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
- H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
- H04W72/0453—Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vehicle communication system, an in-vehicle device, a recording medium, and a communication method, and in particular, a vehicle communication system configured to provide a plurality of services to the in-vehicle device, an in-vehicle device used for the vehicle, a recording medium, and the like. It relates to a communication method.
- WAVE wireless access in vehicular environment
- ITS intelligent transport system
- WAVE wireless access in vehicular environment
- IEEE802.11 is a revision of IEEE802.11, which is a wireless LAN standard, for mobile units, and uses IEEE802.11p in layer 1 (physical layer) and layer 2 (data link layer).
- DCF autonomous distributed control
- each communication frame is divided into a plurality of time slots called “channels”.
- Each communication frame includes a single control channel and at least one service channel.
- Broadcast communication is performed on the control channel, and communication for transmitting data to a specific transmission destination is performed on the service channel.
- a transmission source communication terminal that desires transmission designates a transmission destination communication terminal and a service channel through which transmission is performed in the control channel.
- the destination communication terminal receives data from the source communication terminal on the designated service channel.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram conceptually showing an example of communication by WAVE, and shows an example of a communication procedure when two services A and B are provided to the communication terminal # 1.
- the communication terminal # 2 is a communication terminal that provides the service A
- the communication terminal # 3 is a communication terminal that provides the service B.
- communication terminal # 1 transmits data for instructing a service channel to be responded to by performing communication for service A through a control channel that is broadcast communication.
- the communication terminal # 2 providing the service A transmits data to the communication terminal # 1 through the service channel.
- the communication terminal # 2 transmits data to the communication terminal # 1 in the next service channel, that is, the service channel of the communication frame #k.
- the data does not necessarily have to be the next service channel.
- Communication terminal # 3 that is not requested to communicate does not respond even if it receives data from communication terminal # 1 by broadcast communication.
- communication terminal # 1 performs communication for service B through a control channel that is broadcast communication and transmits data indicating a service channel to be responded to.
- the communication terminal # 3 that provides the service B transmits data to the communication terminal # 1 through the service channel in response to the data transmitted by the communication terminal # 1. In this way, a plurality of services are provided to the communication terminal # 1.
- One problem is that in order to enable switching between a plurality of services, it is necessary to use a common frequency for performing control channel communication in each service.
- radio wave interference may occur due to overlapping of communicable areas between antennas or multipath fading.
- data communication on the control channel may fail, and as a result, switching between services may fail.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the occurrence of radio wave interference when providing the vehicle-to-vehicle communication service and the road-to-vehicle communication service to the vehicle-mounted device 102.
- a gantry 113 is provided on a road 111, and roadside communication devices 101-1 to 101-4 are provided on the gantry 113 corresponding to the lanes 112.
- the vehicle-mounted device 102 is mounted on the vehicle 103 and functions as a mobile station that moves with the vehicle 103.
- Reference numerals 104-1 to 101-4 denote the communicable ranges of the roadside communication apparatuses 101-1 to 101-4, respectively.
- Reference numeral 105 indicates a communicable range of the vehicle-mounted device 102.
- the vehicle-mounted device 102 that has been performing inter-vehicle communication with another vehicle-mounted device enters the communicable range of the roadside communication devices 101-1 to 101-4, and the vehicle-mounted device 102 and the roadside communication devices 101-1 to 101-101.
- the road-to-vehicle communication with -4 should start. That is, it is assumed that it is necessary to switch the vehicle-mounted device 102 from a state where vehicle-to-vehicle communication is performed to a state where road-to-vehicle communication is performed.
- the roadside communication devices 101-1 to 101-4 are roadside devices used in an electronic toll collection system (ETC), and the roadside communication device 101 is used for billing processing. This may occur when communication with -1 to 101-4 is necessary.
- ETC electronic toll collection system
- radio wave interference may occur.
- an area where radio wave interference occurs is indicated by reference numeral 106.
- FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example in which communication using the control channel fails due to radio wave interference, and thus switching from vehicle-to-vehicle communication to road-to-vehicle communication fails.
- a control channel (C-CH) having the same frequency is used for both vehicle-to-vehicle communication and road-to-vehicle communication.
- service channel # 1 (S-CH # 1) is a service channel used for road-to-vehicle communication (communication between the vehicle-mounted device 102 and roadside communication devices 101-1 to 101-4).
- service channel # 2 (S-CH # 2) is a service channel used for vehicle-to-vehicle communication (communication between the vehicle-mounted device 102 and another vehicle-mounted device (not shown)).
- the roadside communication devices 101-2 and 101-3 attempt to transmit data requesting to communicate using the service channel # 1 to the vehicle-mounted device 102 by broadcast communication using the control channel.
- the in-vehicle device 102 may try to transmit data for inter-vehicle communication to another on-vehicle device 102 by broadcast communication using a control channel having the same frequency.
- the vehicle-mounted device 102 may fail to receive data sent from the roadside communication devices 101-2 and 101-3 via the control channel. This is because the service channel used by the vehicle-mounted device 102 is maintained as the service channel # 2 (S-CH # 2) and does not switch to the service channel # 1, that is, switching from inter-vehicle communication to road-vehicle communication. It can cause a situation of failure.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-165314 discloses a vehicle-to-vehicle communication system that enables communication between mobile stations without interfering with road-to-vehicle communication. Techniques aimed at providing the above are disclosed.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a technique for executing switching between a plurality of services while suppressing radio wave interference when a plurality of services are provided to the vehicle-mounted device.
- the communication system includes a vehicle-mounted device, a first communication device that performs communication for the first service with the vehicle-mounted device, and a second communication device that performs communication for the second service with the vehicle-mounted device. And.
- each communication slot has one control channel for performing broadcast communication and at least one for transmitting to a specific destination.
- Including service channels Communication on the control channel for communication for the first service is performed at the first frequency, and communication on the service channel for communication for the first service is performed at a second frequency different from the first frequency. Communication in the control channel for communication for the second service is performed at a third frequency different from the first frequency and the second frequency.
- a reception-only service channel in which the vehicle-mounted device performs only reception operation is provided for a plurality of service channels, and the communication in the reception-only service channel is the first. Communication is performed at one frequency, and communication in the remaining service channels is performed at a fourth frequency different from any of the first frequency, the second frequency, and the third frequency.
- the in-vehicle device receives the radio signal transmitted from the first communication device in the control channel for communication for the first service in the reception-only service channel when communication for the second service is performed. In response to the detection, the communication is switched to the first service.
- the length of the service channel period of the communication for the second service is controlled to be variable. It is preferable.
- the communication for the first service is road-to-vehicle communication
- the communication for the second service is vehicle-to-vehicle communication
- the first service is a traffic information service that provides traffic information to the vehicle-mounted device
- the second service is a billing service that electronically processes a fee imposed on the user of the vehicle-mounted device.
- the wireless device configured to perform communication for the first service with the first communication device and communication for the second service with the second communication device.
- a circuit and a control unit In both the communication for the first service and the communication for the second service, each communication slot has one control channel for performing broadcast communication and at least one for transmitting to a specific destination.
- Including service channels Communication on the control channel for communication for the first service is performed at the first frequency, and communication on the service channel for communication for the first service is performed at a second frequency different from the first frequency. Communication in the control channel for communication for the second service is performed at a third frequency different from the first frequency and the second frequency.
- a reception-only service channel in which the vehicle-mounted device performs only reception operation is provided for a plurality of service channels, and the communication in the reception-only service channel is the first. Communication is performed at one frequency, and communication in the remaining service channels is performed at a fourth frequency different from any of the first frequency, the second frequency, and the third frequency.
- the control unit receives the radio signal transmitted from the first communication device in the control channel for communication for the previous first service in the reception-only service channel. When this is detected, the wireless circuit is controlled to switch to communication for the first service.
- the communication method includes a step of performing communication for the first service between the vehicle-mounted device and the first communication device, and a second service between the vehicle-mounted device and the second communication device. And performing communication for.
- each communication slot has one control channel for performing broadcast communication and at least one for transmitting to a specific destination.
- Including service channels. Communication on the control channel for communication for the first service is performed at the first frequency, and communication on the service channel for communication for the first service is performed at a second frequency different from the first frequency. Communication in the control channel for communication for the second service is performed at a third frequency different from the first frequency and the second frequency.
- a reception-only service channel in which the vehicle-mounted device performs only reception operation is provided for a plurality of service channels, and the communication in the reception-only service channel is the first. Communication is performed at one frequency, and communication in the remaining service channels is performed at a fourth frequency different from any of the first frequency, the second frequency, and the third frequency.
- the vehicle-mounted device receives a radio signal transmitted from the first communication device in the control channel for communication for the first service in the reception-only service channel. Is detected, the communication for the second service is switched to the communication for the first service.
- the vehicle-mounted device configured to perform communication for the first service with the first communication device and to perform communication for the second service with the second communication device is controlled.
- a program for doing this is provided.
- each communication slot has one control channel for performing broadcast communication and at least one for transmitting to a specific destination.
- Including service channels. Communication on the control channel for communication for the first service is performed at the first frequency, and communication on the service channel for communication for the first service is performed at a second frequency different from the first frequency. Communication in the control channel for communication for the second service is performed at a third frequency different from the first frequency and the second frequency.
- a reception-only service channel in which the vehicle-mounted device performs only reception operation is provided for a plurality of service channels, and the communication in the reception-only service channel is the first. Communication is performed at one frequency, and communication in the remaining service channels is performed at a fourth frequency different from any of the first frequency, the second frequency, and the third frequency.
- the program is a radio signal transmitted from the first communication device in the control channel for communication for the first service in the reception-only service channel when communication for the second service is performed on the vehicle-mounted device. Is detected, the step of switching to communication for the first service is executed.
- the program may be recorded on a recording medium.
- switching between the plurality of services can be executed while suppressing radio wave interference.
- FIG. 1 It is a conceptual diagram which shows the example of a structure of the communication system in 2nd Embodiment. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the example of a structure of a traffic information service network.
- wireless signal which the onboard equipment transmits / receives in 2nd Embodiment namely, the format of the communication frame of the communication for traffic information service, and the format of the communication frame of communication for an accounting service
- FIG. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the switching procedure from communication for traffic information service to communication for charge service in 1st Embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a communication system in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- a communication system configured to provide both a vehicle-to-vehicle communication service and a road-to-vehicle communication service to a vehicle 4 equipped with the vehicle-mounted device 3 is presented.
- inter-vehicle communication communication between the in-vehicle device 3 and another on-vehicle device (not shown) is performed.
- each vehicle-mounted device functions as an equivalent communication device (communication terminal). Therefore, the other vehicle-mounted device has the same configuration as the vehicle-mounted device 3 and performs the same operation. Please keep in mind.
- road-to-vehicle communication communication between the vehicle-mounted device 3 and the roadside device 10 is performed.
- the roadside device 10 includes roadside communication devices 1-1 to 1-4 and a roadside control device 2.
- the roadside communication devices 1-1 to 1-4 are provided in a gantry 13 provided on the road 11, and transmit a radio signal to the vehicle-mounted device 3 mounted on the vehicle 4 traveling on each corresponding lane 12. Or it has the function to receive a radio signal from the onboard equipment 3.
- the roadside control device 2 generates data to be sent from the roadside communication devices 1-1 to 1-4 to the vehicle-mounted device 3 by radio signals, and sends the data from the vehicle-mounted device 3 to the roadside communication devices 1-1 to 1-4 by radio signals. Process the received data.
- reference numerals 5-1 to 5-4 indicate the communicable range of the roadside communication apparatuses 1-1 to 1-4, respectively, and reference numeral 6 indicates the communicable range of the vehicle-mounted device 3. .
- the roadside control device 2 includes a communication interface 21, a control unit 22, and a storage unit 23.
- the communication interface 21 is connected to the roadside communication devices 1-1 to 1-4, and transmits data to be sent to the vehicle-mounted device 3 to an appropriate roadside communication device among the roadside communication devices 1-1 to 1-4. In addition, it has a function of receiving data sent from the vehicle-mounted device 3 to the roadside communication devices 1-1 to 1-4.
- the control unit 22 generates data to be sent from the roadside communication devices 1-1 to 1-4 to the vehicle-mounted device 3, and the data sent from the vehicle-mounted device 3 to the roadside communication devices 1-1 to 1-4 by radio signals. Process.
- As the control unit 22, an arithmetic device, for example, a CPU (central processing unit) may be used.
- the storage unit 23 stores data necessary for road-to-vehicle communication.
- the function of the roadside control device 2 may be realized by the control unit 22 executing a software program stored in the storage unit 23.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the vehicle-mounted device 3.
- the vehicle-mounted device 3 includes an antenna 31, a wireless circuit 32, a control unit 33, a display device 34, and a storage unit 35.
- the antenna 31 has a function of receiving radio signals transmitted from the roadside communication devices 1-1 to 1-4 and transmitting radio signals to the roadside communication devices 1-1 to 1-4.
- the radio circuit 32 demodulates radio signals transmitted from the roadside communication devices 1-1 to 1-4 to the antenna 31 to generate reception data, and modulates transmission data sent from the control unit 33. A radio signal is generated and transmitted to the roadside communication apparatuses 1-1 to 1-4 via the antenna 31.
- the control unit 33 processes the reception data sent from the radio circuit 32, generates transmission data to be sent to the roadside communication apparatuses 1-1 to 1-4, and supplies the transmission data to the radio circuit 32.
- the control unit 33 has a function of controlling the radio circuit 32, in particular, the frequency at which the radio circuit 32 communicates when performing inter-vehicle communication and road-to-vehicle communication.
- the control unit 33 has a function of sending information to be displayed on the display device 34 to the display device 34.
- the display device 34 functions as a user interface that displays information to be presented to the user in performing the vehicle-to-vehicle communication and the road-to-vehicle communication under the control of the control unit 33.
- the function of the vehicle-mounted device 3 may be realized by the control unit 33 executing a software program stored in the storage unit 35.
- the software program may be installed in the storage unit 35 using a recording medium that records the software program.
- FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram showing the format of a communication frame of radio signals transmitted / received by the roadside communication devices 1-1 to 1-4 of the roadside device 10, that is, the format of a communication frame for road-to-vehicle communication.
- Road-to-vehicle communication is performed in accordance with the WAVE communication standard, and each communication frame includes a single control channel (C-CH) and at least one service channel (S-CH).
- C-CH control channel
- S-CH service channel
- FIG. 6 illustrates a case where one communication frame includes one control channel and one service channel, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the control channel is a channel on which broadcast communication is performed
- the service channel is a channel on which communication with a specified transmission destination is performed.
- communication in the control channel of road-to-vehicle communication is performed at frequency f 1
- communication in the service channel of road-to-vehicle communication is performed at frequency f 2 different from frequency f 1 .
- the time at which each communication frame of road-to-vehicle communication is started is different between two adjacent roadside communication devices 1.
- the period during which communication using the control channel is performed and the period during which communication using the service channel is performed include communication between the odd-numbered roadside communication apparatuses 1-1, 1-3 and the vehicle-mounted device 3, and even-numbered communication. This is different from the communication between the roadside communication devices 1-2 and 1-4 and the vehicle-mounted device 3.
- the period during which communication using the control channel is performed is T 1
- the period during which communication using the service channel is performed is T 2 .
- Communication frame in the communication between the vehicle device 3 and the odd-numbered roadside communication apparatus 1-1 and 1-3 will be initiated at the beginning of the period T 1.
- a communication frame in the communication between the vehicle device 3 and the even-numbered roadside communication apparatus 1-2 and 1-4 is started at the beginning of the period T 2. That is, the even-numbered in the communication between the roadside communication apparatus 1-2 and 1-4 with the vehicle-mounted device 3, communication is performed by the control channel in the period T 2, the service channel in the period T 1 following the said period between T 2 Communication is performed.
- FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing a format of a communication frame of a radio signal transmitted and received by the vehicle-mounted device 3.
- the on-vehicle device 3 has two operation modes: a vehicle-to-vehicle communication mode and a road-to-vehicle communication mode.
- the vehicle-to-vehicle communication mode is an operation mode in which vehicle-to-vehicle communication is performed
- the road-to-vehicle communication mode is an operation mode in which road-to-vehicle communication is performed. Both vehicle-to-vehicle communication and road-to-vehicle communication are performed in conformity with the WAVE communication standard.
- each communication frame includes a single control channel (C-CH) and at least one service channel ( S-CH).
- C-CH control channel
- S-CH service channel
- the communication frequency in the control channel and the communication frequency in the service channel are different between the vehicle-to-vehicle communication mode and the road-to-vehicle communication mode.
- communication in the control channel for inter-vehicle communication is performed at a frequency f 3 different from both the frequencies f 1 and f 2 .
- the frequency f 3 of the communication in the control channel of the inter-vehicle communication it should be noted that differs from the frequency f 1 of the communication in the control channel of the road-to-vehicle communication.
- the frequency f 4 is any of the communication frequency f 1 in the control channel for road-to-vehicle communication, the communication frequency f 2 in the service channel for road-to-vehicle communication, and the communication frequency f 3 in the control channel for vehicle-to-vehicle communication. It is also different. Note that the frequency f 1 matches the frequency of the control channel for road-to-vehicle communication described above.
- one service channel that performs communication at the frequency f 1 is provided for every two or more predetermined number of service channels.
- the vehicle-mounted device 3 performs a reception operation. (I.e., no radio signal is transmitted).
- the number of service channels included in each communication frame is 1
- communication is performed at a frequency f 1 in one communication frame per a predetermined number of communication frames of 2 or more, and the vehicle-mounted device 3 is A service channel that performs only the reception operation is provided.
- FIG. 1 since the number of service channels included in each communication frame is 1 , communication is performed at a frequency f 1 in one communication frame per a predetermined number of communication frames of 2 or more, and the vehicle-mounted device 3 is A service channel that performs only the reception operation is provided.
- a service channel is provided in which communication is performed at frequency f 1 and the in-vehicle device 3 performs only a reception operation, while in communication frame # 2k the service channels are communicating at the frequency f 4 is performed is provided.
- each communication frame includes a plurality of service channels
- one of the plurality of service channels communicates at the frequency f 1 , and the vehicle-mounted device 3 performs a reception operation. It may be a service channel that performs only.
- the configuration of the communication frame for vehicle-to-vehicle communication as described above is important for preventing radio wave interference between the road-to-vehicle communication and the control channel for vehicle-to-vehicle communication, as will be described later.
- each communication frame includes a single control channel and at least one service channel. Communication in the control channel for road-to-vehicle communication is performed at frequency f 1 , and communication in the service channel for road-to-vehicle communication is performed at frequency f 2 different from frequency f 1 .
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a procedure for switching from vehicle-to-vehicle communication to road-to-vehicle communication.
- the vehicle-mounted device 3 operates in the vehicle-to-vehicle communication mode and performs vehicle-to-vehicle communication. That is, the radio circuit 32 performs communication on the control channel at the frequency f 3 and performs communication on the service channel at the frequency f 1 or f 4 .
- the vehicle-mounted device 3 performs only the reception operation in the service channel in which communication is performed at the frequency f 1 .
- the vehicle-mounted device 3 When the vehicle-mounted device 3 enters the communicable range 5-1 to 5-4 of the roadside communication devices 1-1 to 1-4, switching from vehicle-to-vehicle communication to road-to-vehicle communication is performed. Specifically, when the vehicle-mounted device 3 enters the communicable range 5-1 to 5-4 of the roadside communication devices 1-1 to 1-4, the radio circuit 32 of the vehicle-mounted device 3 is connected to the roadside communication devices 1-1 to 1-1. -4 starts receiving radio signals from -4.
- the communication control channel of the road-to-vehicle communication is carried out at a frequency f 1
- in the service channel of communication at the frequency f 1 of the inter-vehicle communication is carried out can receive a radio signal of a control channel of the road-to-vehicle communication Note that there are.
- Control unit 33 of the vehicle-mounted device 3 detects the reception of the radio signal of the control channel of the road-to-vehicle communication in the service channel of communication at the frequency f 1 is performed, the road-vehicle communication mode to the vehicle-mounted device 3 from the inter-vehicle communication mode And the radio circuit 32 starts road-to-vehicle communication.
- the vehicle-mounted device 3 returns to the vehicle-to-vehicle communication mode from the road-to-vehicle communication mode, and the vehicle-to-vehicle communication is resumed. For example, when road-to-vehicle communication is used for toll collection, vehicle-to-vehicle communication is resumed after data exchange for toll collection is completed.
- the vehicle-mounted device 3 receives a radio signal roadside communication apparatus 1-1 to 1-4 in the service channel of communication at the frequency f 1 is performed to transmit the control channel Therefore, switching from vehicle-to-vehicle communication to road-to-vehicle communication can be executed. Furthermore, since the frequency of communication in the control channel is different between vehicle-to-vehicle communication and road-to-vehicle communication, and the vehicle-mounted device 3 performs only the reception operation in the service channel in which communication is performed at the frequency f 1 . No radio wave interference occurs between the radio signal 3 transmitted on the control channel and the radio signal transmitted on the control channel by the roadside communication apparatuses 1-1 to 1-4.
- the format of the communication frame in road-to-vehicle communication and vehicle-to-vehicle communication can be changed variously.
- FIG. 9 shows a modification of the format of the communication frame of the radio signal transmitted / received by the roadside communication devices 1-1 to 1-4 of the roadside device 10 (that is, the format of the communication frame for road-to-vehicle communication).
- the period of the control channel and the period of the service channel are different between adjacent roadside communication apparatuses 1 as in FIG. That is, in the period T 1 during which the roadside communication devices 1-1 and 1-3 perform communication on the control channel, the roadside communication devices 1-2 and 1-4 perform communication on the service channel, and the roadside communication device 1-1, 1-3 in the period T 2 which communicates in the control channel, the roadside communication device 1-2 and 1-4 performs communication in the control channel.
- the communication frequency f 1 in the control channel is common to the roadside communication apparatuses 1-1 to 1-4.
- the communication frequency in the service channel differs between adjacent roadside communication apparatuses 1. Specifically, while the frequency of the communication in the service channel of the roadside communication device 1-1, 1-3 is f 2, the frequency of the communication in the service channel of the roadside communication device 1-2, 1-4, The frequency f 5 is different from any of the above frequencies f 1 to f 4 . According to such a format, radio wave interference between adjacent roadside communication devices 1 can be further reduced.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a modification of the format of a communication frame for inter-vehicle communication.
- a frequency f 1 the same as the frequency of the above-described control channel for road-to-vehicle communication
- in-vehicle A service channel in which the device 3 performs only a reception operation is provided.
- a plurality of (two in FIG. 10) service channels are included in one communication frame for inter-vehicle communication, and one service channel of each communication frame has a frequency f 1 .
- Communication is performed, and the on-vehicle device 3 is set to a service channel that performs only a reception operation. Even in such a communication frame format, communication data of the control channel for road-to-vehicle communication is received in the service channel in which communication is performed at the frequency f 1 and the vehicle-mounted device 3 performs only reception operation. Switching to inter-vehicle communication can be performed.
- the inter-vehicle communication Switching to road-to-vehicle communication may not be possible. For example, as shown in FIG. 11A, when the communication period in the control channel for road-to-vehicle communication is always within the communication period in the control channel for vehicle-to-vehicle communication, Switching from road to vehicle communication cannot be performed.
- the communication cycle in the control channel for road-to-vehicle communication is an integral multiple (including 1) of the communication cycle in the control channel for vehicle-to-vehicle communication. This may occur when the length of the communication period in is less than or equal to the length of the communication period in the control channel for inter-vehicle communication. It should be noted that such a situation can occur accidentally even if the vehicle-to-vehicle communication and the road-to-vehicle communication are not synchronized.
- the length of the service channel period of the inter-vehicle communication is set so that the length of the service channel period of the inter-vehicle communication is variable. Control is sufficient. Such control can be executed by the radio circuit 32 under the control of the control unit 33. Most simply, a random scan is performed for each service channel of inter-vehicle communication, that is, the length of the period of each service channel may be changed randomly. As a result, the communication period in the control channel for vehicle-to-vehicle communication coincides with the communication period in the control channel for road-to-vehicle communication, and it is impossible to switch from vehicle-to-vehicle communication to road-to-vehicle communication. Can be prevented.
- FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a communication system in the second embodiment of the present invention.
- a communication system configured to provide both a vehicle-to-vehicle communication service and a road-to-vehicle communication service is provided.
- a traffic information service is a service that provides various information related to traffic (traffic information) to the vehicle-mounted device 3 (and devices connected to the vehicle-mounted device 3).
- the billing service is a service for electronically processing a fee (for example, a toll road toll or a parking fee) imposed on the user of the vehicle 4 on which the vehicle-mounted device 3 is mounted.
- the traffic information service center 51 and the roadside communication device 52 are used. As shown in FIG. 13, the traffic information service center 51 and the roadside communication device 52 are connected by a communication network 53 to constitute a traffic information service network 50 that provides a traffic information service.
- the traffic information service center 51 is a host computer provided to the vehicle-mounted device 3 that provides traffic information via the roadside communication device 52. Examples of traffic information provided to the vehicle-mounted device 3 in the traffic information service include traffic jam information, emergency vehicle approach information, accident information, weather information, traffic regulation information, advertisement information, and news information.
- the roadside device 10 described in the first embodiment is used to provide the billing service. That is, the road-to-vehicle communication described in the first embodiment is used to provide the billing service.
- the roadside device 10 includes roadside communication devices 1-1 to 1-4 and a roadside control device 2, and the roadside communication devices 1-1 to 1-4 are provided. It is comprised so that it may communicate with the onboard equipment 3 using (refer FIG. 4).
- Examples of information exchanged between the roadside device 10 and the vehicle-mounted device 3 in the billing service include vehicle type information (for example, information indicating whether the vehicle 4 is a normal vehicle, a large vehicle, or a motorcycle), billing Card information (card type and card number of the card inserted into the vehicle-mounted device 3) and charging history information (charging history such as charging start) are listed.
- vehicle type information for example, information indicating whether the vehicle 4 is a normal vehicle, a large vehicle, or a motorcycle
- billing Card information card type and card number of the card inserted into the vehicle-mounted device 3
- charging history information charging history such as charging start
- the traffic information service provided by the traffic information service center 51 and the roadside communication device 52 is a service (wide area service) provided in a relatively wide area, whereas the roadside device. 10 is a service (local service) provided in a limited area.
- the vehicle-mounted device 3 is normally set to a traffic information service mode that receives a traffic information service.
- the vehicle 4 enters the billing area that is, the communicable areas 4-1 to 4-4 of the roadside communication apparatuses 1-1 to 1-4
- the vehicle-mounted device 3 receives the billing service provided. Switch to service mode.
- each communication frame includes a single control channel (C-CH) and at least one service channel (S-CH).
- C-CH single control channel
- S-CH service channel
- the format of the communication frame for communication for the traffic information service is the same as that of the inter-vehicle communication in the first embodiment
- the format of the communication frame for communication for the billing service is the route in the first embodiment. This is the same as inter-vehicle communication.
- the format of the communication frame of the radio signal transmitted / received by the roadside communication devices 1-1 to 1-4 of the roadside device 10 (that is, the format of the communication frame for communication for the charging service) is , As shown in FIG. Communication in the control channel for the billing service is performed at the frequency f 1 , and communication in the service channel for the billing service is performed at the frequency f 2 different from the frequency f 1 .
- FIG. 14 shows a conceptual diagram showing a format of a communication frame of a radio signal transmitted and received by the vehicle-mounted device 3 in the second embodiment.
- the vehicle-mounted device 3 has two operation modes: a traffic information communication mode and a billing communication mode.
- the traffic information communication mode is an operation mode in which communication for a traffic information service is performed
- the billing communication mode is an operation mode in which communication for providing a billing information service is performed.
- the communication frequency in the control channel and the communication frequency in the service channel are different.
- communication in the control channel is performed at a frequency f 3 that is different from both the frequencies f 1 and f 2 described above.
- the frequency f 3 of communication in the control channel of communication in the traffic information communication mode is different from the frequency f 1 of communication in the control channel in the billing communication mode.
- the frequency f 4 is a frequency f 1 of communication in the control channel in the charging communication mode, a frequency f 2 of communication in the service channel in the charging communication mode, and a frequency f 3 of communication in the control channel in the traffic information communication mode. Both are different. Note that the frequency f 1 matches the frequency of the control channel in the charging communication mode described above.
- one service channel for communication at the frequency f 1 is provided for every two or more predetermined number of service channels, and the frequency f In the service channel in which communication is performed at 1 , the vehicle-mounted device 3 performs only a reception operation (that is, does not transmit a radio signal).
- the configuration of the communication frame for vehicle-to-vehicle communication shown in FIG. 9 when each communication frame includes a plurality of service channels, one of the plurality of service channels has a frequency f 1 .
- a service channel in which communication is performed and the vehicle-mounted device 3 performs only a reception operation may be used.
- the configuration of the communication frame in the traffic information communication mode as described above is important to prevent radio wave interference between the control channels between the traffic information service communication and the billing service communication. .
- the format of the communication frame of the radio signal transmitted and received by the vehicle-mounted device 3 is transmitted and received by the roadside communication devices 1-1 to 1-4 of the roadside device 10 (as shown in FIG. 6). It is adapted to the format of the communication frame of the radio signal. Communication on the control channel in the charging communication mode is performed at the frequency f 1 , and communication on the service channel in the charging communication mode is performed at the frequency f 2 different from the frequency f 1 .
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a procedure for switching from communication for the traffic information service to communication for the billing service.
- the vehicle-mounted device 3 operates in the traffic information communication mode and performs communication for the traffic information service. That communicates in control channel frequency f 3, communicates in a service channel at a frequency f 1 or f 4.
- the vehicle-mounted device 3 performs only the reception operation in the service channel in which communication is performed at the frequency f 1 .
- the vehicle-mounted device 3 When the vehicle-mounted device 3 enters the communicable range 5-1 to 5-4 of the roadside communication devices 1-1 to 1-4 of the roadside device 10, switching from the traffic information communication mode to the billing communication mode is performed. Specifically, when the vehicle-mounted device 3 enters the communicable range 5-1 to 5-4 of the roadside communication devices 1-1 to 1-4, the vehicle-mounted device 3 is connected to the roadside communication devices 1-1 to 1-4. Start receiving radio signals.
- the communication of the communication control channel for the traffic information service is performed in the frequency f 1
- the service channel communication is performed in the frequency f 1 of the communication for billing services, for traffic information service Note that it is possible to receive radio signals of the communication control channel.
- the on-vehicle device 3 shifts from the traffic information communication mode to the charging communication mode and starts communication for the charging service. .
- the vehicle-mounted device 3 returns from the billing communication mode to the traffic information communication mode, and the communication for the traffic information service is resumed.
- the vehicle-mounted device 3 receives a radio signal roadside communication apparatus 1-1 to 1-4 in the service channel of communication at the frequency f 1 is performed to transmit the control channel Therefore, switching from communication for traffic information service to communication for billing service can be executed. Further, the communication frequency in the control channel is different between the communication for the traffic information service and the communication for the billing service, and the vehicle-mounted device 3 performs only the reception operation in the service channel in which communication is performed at the frequency f 1. Therefore, there is no radio wave interference between the radio signal transmitted by the vehicle-mounted device 3 on the control channel and the radio signal transmitted by the roadside communication apparatuses 1-1 to 1-4 on the control channel.
- the present invention refers to switching between vehicle-to-vehicle communication and road-to-vehicle communication, and switching between communication for traffic information service and communication for billing service.
- the present invention may be applied to switching between other services.
- Roadside communication device 2 Roadside control device 3: Onboard device 4: Vehicles 5 and 6: Communication possible range 10: Roadside device 11: Road 12: Lane 13: Gantry 21: Communication interface 22: Control unit 23: Storage unit 31 : Antenna 32: Radio circuit 33: Control unit 34: Display device 35: Storage unit 50: Traffic information service network 51: Traffic information service center 52: Roadside communication device 53: Communication networks T 1 and T 2 : Periods f 1 and f 2 , f 3 , f 4 , f 5 : frequency
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Abstract
Description
図4は、本発明の第1の実施形態における通信システムの一例を示す概念図である。本実施形態では、車載器3を搭載した車両4に、車車間通信のサービスと路車間通信のサービスとの両方を提供するような構成の通信システムが提示される。車車間通信においては、車載器3と、他の車載器(図示されない)との間の通信が行われる。ここで、車車間通信では、各車載器が等価な通信装置(通信端末)として機能するから、当該他の車載器も、車載器3と同様の構成を有し、同様の動作をすることに留意されたい。一方、路車間通信においては、車載器3と路側装置10との間の通信が行われる。
図12は、本発明の第2の実施形態における通信システムの一例を示す概念図である。第1の実施形態では、車車間通信のサービスと路車間通信のサービスとの両方を提供するような構成の通信システムが提供されているが、第2の実施形態では、交通情報サービスと課金サービスとの両方を提供する構成の通信システムが提供される。ここで、交通情報サービスとは、交通に関する様々な情報(交通情報)を車載器3(及び車載器3に接続された機器)に提供するサービスである。一方、課金サービスとは、車載器3を搭載する車両4のユーザに課される料金(例えば、有料道路の通行料金や駐車料金など)の処理を電子的に行うためのサービスである。
2 :路側制御装置
3 :車載器
4 :車両
5、6 :通信可能範囲
10 :路側装置
11 :道路
12 :車線
13 :ガントリ
21 :通信インターフェース
22 :制御部
23 :記憶部
31 :アンテナ
32 :無線回路
33 :制御部
34 :表示装置
35 :記憶部
50 :交通情報サービスネットワーク
51 :交通情報サービスセンター
52 :路側通信装置
53 :通信ネットワーク
T1、T2:期間
f1、f2、f3、f4、f5:周波数
Claims (10)
- 車載器と、
前記車載器と第1サービスのための通信を行う第1通信装置と、
前記車載器と第2サービスのための通信を行う第2通信装置
とを備え、
前記第1サービスのための通信、及び、前記第2サービスのための通信の両方において、各通信スロットが、同報通信が行われる一のコントロールチャネルと、特定の送信先に送信を行うための少なくとも一のサービスチャネルとを含んでおり、
前記第1サービスのための通信の前記コントロールチャネルにおける通信は、第1周波数で行われ、
前記第1サービスのための通信の前記サービスチャネルにおける通信は、第1周波数とは異なる第2周波数で行われ、
前記第2サービスのための通信の前記コントロールチャネルにおける通信は、前記第1周波数及び前記第2周波数と異なる第3周波数で行われ、
前記第2サービスのための通信の前記サービスチャネルにおける通信においては、複数の前記サービスチャネルに対して1つ、前記車載器が受信動作のみを行う受信専用サービスチャネルが設けられると共に、前記受信専用サービスチャネルにおける通信が前記第1周波数で行われ、残りのサービスチャネルにおける通信が前記第1周波数、前記第2周波数、及び、前記第3周波数のいずれともと異なる第4周波数で行われ、
前記車載器は、前記第2サービスのための通信が行われているときに、前記受信専用サービスチャネルにおいて、前記第1サービスのための通信の前記コントロールチャネルで前記第1通信装置から送られた無線信号を受け取ったことを検出したことに応答して、前記第1サービスのための通信への切り替えを行う
通信システム。 - 請求項1に記載の通信システムであって、
前記第2サービスのための通信の前記サービスチャネルの期間の長さが可変であるように制御される
通信システム。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の通信システムであって、
前記第1サービスのための通信が、路車間通信であり、
前記第2サービスのための通信が、車車間通信である
通信システム。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の通信システムであって、
前記第1サービスが、前記車載器に交通情報を提供する交通情報サービスであり、
前記第2サービスが、前記車載器のユーザに課せられる料金の処理を電子的に行う課金サービスである
通信システム。 - 第1通信装置と第1サービスのための通信を行い、第2通信装置と第2サービスのための通信を行うことができるように構成された無線回路と、
制御部
とを具備する車載器であって、
前記第1サービスのための通信、及び、前記第2サービスのための通信の両方において、各通信スロットが、同報通信が行われる一のコントロールチャネルと、特定の送信先に送信を行うための少なくとも一のサービスチャネルとを含んでおり、
前記第1サービスのための通信の前記コントロールチャネルにおける通信は、第1周波数で行われ、
前記第1サービスのための通信の前記サービスチャネルにおける通信は、第1周波数とは異なる第2周波数で行われ、
前記第2サービスのための通信の前記コントロールチャネルにおける通信は、前記第1周波数及び前記第2周波数と異なる第3周波数で行われ、
前記第2サービスのための通信の前記サービスチャネルにおける通信においては、複数の前記サービスチャネルに対して1つ、前記車載器が受信動作のみを行う受信専用サービスチャネルが設けられると共に、前記受信専用サービスチャネルにおける通信が前記第1周波数で行われ、残りのサービスチャネルにおける通信が前記第1周波数、前記第2周波数、及び、前記第3周波数のいずれともと異なる第4周波数で行われ、
前記制御部は、前記第2サービスのための通信が行われているときに、前記受信専用サービスチャネルにおいて、前記第1サービスのための通信の前記コントロールチャネルで前記第1通信装置から送られた無線信号を受け取ったことを検出すると、前記無線回路を制御して、前記第1サービスのための通信への切り替えを行う
車載器。 - 請求項5に記載の車載器であって、
前記制御部が、前記無線回路を前記第2サービスのための通信の前記サービスチャネルの期間の長さが可変であるように制御する
車載器。 - 請求項5又は6に記載の車載器であって、
前記第1サービスのための通信が、路車間通信であり、
前記第2サービスのための通信が、車車間通信である
車載器。 - 請求項5又は6に記載の車載器であって、
前記第1サービスが、前記車載器に交通情報を提供する交通情報サービスであり、
前記第2サービスが、前記車載器のユーザに課せられる料金の処理を電子的に行う課金サービスである
車載器。 - 車載器と第1通信装置との間で第1サービスのための通信を行うステップと、
前記車載器と第2通信装置との間で第2サービスのための通信を行うステップ
とを備え、
前記第1サービスのための通信、及び、前記第2サービスのための通信の両方において、各通信スロットが、同報通信が行われる一のコントロールチャネルと、特定の送信先に送信を行うための少なくとも一のサービスチャネルとを含んでおり、
前記第1サービスのための通信の前記コントロールチャネルにおける通信は、第1周波数で行われ、
前記第1サービスのための通信の前記サービスチャネルにおける通信は、第1周波数とは異なる第2周波数で行われ、
前記第2サービスのための通信の前記コントロールチャネルにおける通信は、前記第1周波数及び前記第2周波数と異なる第3周波数で行われ、
前記第2サービスのための通信の前記サービスチャネルにおける通信においては、複数の前記サービスチャネルに対して1つ、前記車載器が受信動作のみを行う受信専用サービスチャネルが設けられると共に、前記受信専用サービスチャネルにおける通信が前記第1周波数で行われ、残りのサービスチャネルにおける通信が前記第1周波数、前記第2周波数、及び、前記第3周波数のいずれともと異なる第4周波数で行われ、
前記第2サービスのための通信が行われているときに、前記車載器が、前記受信専用サービスチャネルにおいて、前記第1サービスのための通信の前記コントロールチャネルで前記第1通信装置から送られた無線信号を受け取ったことを検出すると、前記第2サービスのための通信から前記第1サービスのための通信への切り替えが行われる
通信方法。 - 第1通信装置と第1サービスのための通信を行い、第2通信装置と第2サービスのための通信を行うことができるように構成された車載器を制御するためのプログラムを記録する記録媒体であって、
前記第1サービスのための通信、及び、前記第2サービスのための通信の両方において、各通信スロットが、同報通信が行われる一のコントロールチャネルと、特定の送信先に送信を行うための少なくとも一のサービスチャネルとを含んでおり、
前記第1サービスのための通信の前記コントロールチャネルにおける通信は、第1周波数で行われ、
前記第1サービスのための通信の前記サービスチャネルにおける通信は、第1周波数とは異なる第2周波数で行われ、
前記第2サービスのための通信の前記コントロールチャネルにおける通信は、前記第1周波数及び前記第2周波数と異なる第3周波数で行われ、
前記第2サービスのための通信の前記サービスチャネルにおける通信においては、複数の前記サービスチャネルに対して1つ、前記車載器が受信動作のみを行う受信専用サービスチャネルが設けられると共に、前記受信専用サービスチャネルにおける通信が前記第1周波数で行われ、残りのサービスチャネルにおける通信が前記第1周波数、前記第2周波数、及び、前記第3周波数のいずれともと異なる第4周波数で行われ、
前記プログラムが、前記車載器に、前記第2サービスのための通信が行われているときに、前記受信専用サービスチャネルにおいて、前記第1サービスのための通信の前記コントロールチャネルで前記第1通信装置から送られた無線信号を受け取ったことを検出すると、前記第1サービスのための通信への切り替えを行うステップを実行させる
記録媒体。
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| US14/655,333 US9560213B2 (en) | 2012-12-28 | 2013-12-26 | Vehicle communication system, on-board unit, recording medium and communication method |
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| JP7161552B2 (ja) * | 2019-02-08 | 2022-10-26 | 三菱重工機械システム株式会社 | 課金装置、料金収受システム、課金方法、プログラム、及び、料金収受システムの製造方法 |
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Also Published As
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| SG11201504929QA (en) | 2015-07-30 |
| JP2014131236A (ja) | 2014-07-10 |
| US9560213B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 |
| US20150358481A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 |
| MY169150A (en) | 2019-02-18 |
| JP6071550B2 (ja) | 2017-02-01 |
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