WO2014174786A1 - 車両用熱管理装置 - Google Patents
車両用熱管理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014174786A1 WO2014174786A1 PCT/JP2014/002099 JP2014002099W WO2014174786A1 WO 2014174786 A1 WO2014174786 A1 WO 2014174786A1 JP 2014002099 W JP2014002099 W JP 2014002099W WO 2014174786 A1 WO2014174786 A1 WO 2014174786A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heat medium
- heat
- air
- cooler
- flow rate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3228—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations
- B60H1/32284—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations comprising two or more secondary circuits, e.g. at evaporator and condenser side
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a heat management device used for a vehicle.
- the evaporator of the refrigeration cycle exchanges heat between the low-pressure side refrigerant and the blown air into the passenger compartment, evaporates the low-pressure side refrigerant, and cools the blown air. That is, in the evaporator, heat is absorbed from the blown air by the change in the latent heat of the refrigerant.
- the compressor of the refrigeration cycle is controlled so that the flow rate of the refrigerant circulating in the refrigeration cycle increases when the cooling load of the blown air increases.
- the cooling capability of blowing air is raised according to the raise of the cooling load of blowing air.
- Patent Document 1 the heat medium is cooled by the low-pressure side refrigerant (low-temperature refrigerant) of the refrigeration cycle, and the air blown into the vehicle interior is cooled by the heat medium cooled by the low-pressure side refrigerant (low-temperature refrigerant) of the refrigeration cycle.
- a vehicle air conditioner is described.
- the evaporator of the refrigeration cycle exchanges heat between the low-pressure side refrigerant and the heat medium, evaporates the low-pressure side refrigerant, and cools the heat medium.
- an indoor heat exchanger heat-exchanges a heat medium and the blowing air to a vehicle interior, and cools blowing air.
- the heat medium In the indoor heat exchanger, even if the heat medium absorbs heat from the blown air, the heat medium remains in a liquid phase and does not change phase. That is, in the indoor heat exchanger, heat is absorbed from the blown air by the sensible heat change of the heat medium.
- the compressor of the refrigeration cycle is controlled so that the flow rate of the refrigerant circulating in the refrigeration cycle increases when the cooling load of the blown air increases.
- the cooling capability of blowing air is raised according to the raise of the cooling load of blowing air.
- the evaporator absorbs heat from the blown air due to a change in the latent heat of the refrigerant
- heat is absorbed from the blown air due to a sensible heat change in the heat medium in the indoor heat exchanger.
- the temperature Two of the cooling water flowing out from the indoor heat exchanger and the temperature of the cooling water flowing into the indoor heat exchanger in proportion to the increase in the amount of heat Q obtained from the blown air while the cooling water flows through the indoor heat exchanger
- the temperature difference (Two-Twi) from Twi increases.
- the temperature distribution of the blown air heated by the indoor heat exchanger also increases, and the air conditioning feeling of the passenger is impaired.
- This problem occurs not only in an indoor heat exchanger but also in a heat medium distribution device (for example, a battery cooler that cools a battery) in which the heat medium absorbs heat by a sensible heat change.
- a heat medium distribution device for example, a battery cooler that cools a battery
- the present disclosure aims to suppress the temperature distribution of the heat medium in the heat medium circulation device.
- another object of the present disclosure is to reduce the power consumed to circulate the heat medium.
- a vehicle thermal management device applied to a refrigeration cycle includes a pump that sucks and discharges a heat medium, a heat medium discharged from the pump, and a refrigeration cycle.
- a heat medium cooler that evaporates the low-pressure side refrigerant and cools the heat medium, and a heat medium that is heat-exchanged by the heat medium cooler circulates and changes the sensible heat.
- Heat medium flow device that absorbs heat and heat medium flow control that increases the flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the heat medium flow device when it is determined that the amount of heat absorbed by the heat medium exceeds the predetermined heat amount.
- the flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the heat medium circulation device is increased.
- the temperature difference which subtracted the temperature of the heat medium which flows into a heat carrier distribution apparatus from the temperature of the heat medium which flowed out from the heat medium distribution apparatus can be reduced.
- the temperature distribution of the heat medium in the heat medium distribution device can be suppressed.
- the vehicle thermal management device applied to the refrigeration cycle performs heat exchange between the low-pressure side refrigerant and the heat medium of the refrigeration cycle, thereby A heat medium cooler that evaporates and cools the heat medium, a heat medium that exchanges heat with the heat medium cooler, and a heat medium circulation device that absorbs heat by sensible heat change, and a heat medium circulation device
- the heat medium flow control unit that reduces the flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the heat medium circulation device is provided.
- the flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the heat medium circulation device is reduced, so that the cooling flowing through the heat medium circulation device is reduced. It can be suppressed that the flow rate of water is excessively excessive with respect to the amount of heat absorbed by the heat medium in the heat medium circulation device and excessively consumes power for circulating the heat medium. Therefore, the power consumed to circulate the heat medium can be reduced.
- the drawing It is a whole block diagram of the thermal management apparatus for vehicles in 1st Embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the indoor air conditioning unit in 1st Embodiment. It is a control map used by the blower level determination process which the control apparatus of 1st Embodiment performs. It is a control map used by the blower level determination process which the control apparatus of 1st Embodiment performs. It is a control map used by the blower level determination process which the control apparatus of 1st Embodiment performs. It is a control map used by the blower level determination process which the control apparatus of 1st Embodiment performs. It is a control map used by the blower level determination process which the control apparatus of 1st Embodiment performs.
- the vehicle thermal management apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1 is used to adjust various devices and vehicle interiors included in a vehicle to an appropriate temperature.
- the vehicle thermal management device 10 is applied to a hybrid vehicle that obtains driving force for vehicle travel from an engine (internal combustion engine) and a travel electric motor.
- the hybrid vehicle according to the present embodiment is configured as a plug-in hybrid vehicle that can charge power supplied from an external power source (commercial power source) when the vehicle is stopped to a battery (vehicle battery) mounted on the vehicle.
- a battery vehicle battery
- the battery for example, a lithium ion battery can be used.
- the driving force output from the engine is used not only for driving the vehicle but also for operating the generator.
- the electric power generated by the generator and the electric power supplied from the external power source can be stored in the battery, and the electric power stored in the battery is not only the electric motor for running but also the thermal management device 10 for the vehicle. Is supplied to various in-vehicle devices including the electric component device.
- the vehicle thermal management device 10 includes a first pump 11, a second pump 12, a radiator 13, a cooling water cooler 14, a cooling water heater 15, and a cooler core 16.
- the first pump 11 and the second pump 12 are electric pumps that suck and discharge cooling water (heat medium).
- the cooling water is a fluid as a heat medium.
- a liquid containing at least ethylene glycol, dimethylpolysiloxane or nanofluid, or an antifreeze liquid is used as the cooling water.
- the radiator 13, the cooling water cooler 14, the cooling water heater 15 and the cooler core 16 are cooling water distribution devices (heat medium distribution devices) through which the cooling water flows.
- the radiator 13 is a radiator (heat medium outside air heat exchanger) that exchanges heat between the cooling water and the outside air (air outside the passenger compartment) and dissipates the heat of the cooling water to the outside air. Outside air is blown to the radiator 13 by an outdoor blower (not shown).
- the radiator 13 and the outdoor blower are disposed in the foremost part of the vehicle. For this reason, the traveling wind can be applied to the radiator 13 when the vehicle is traveling.
- the cooling water cooler 14 is a low pressure side heat exchanger (heat medium cooler) that cools the cooling water by exchanging heat between the low pressure side refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle 20 and the cooling water.
- the cooling water cooler 14 can cool the cooling water to a temperature lower than the temperature of the outside air.
- the cooling water heater 15 is a high pressure side heat exchanger (refrigerant cooler) that cools the high pressure side refrigerant by exchanging heat between the high pressure side refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle 20 and the cooling water.
- the refrigeration cycle 20 is a vapor compression refrigerator that includes a compressor 21, a cooling water heater 15, an expansion valve 22, and a cooling water cooler 14.
- a chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant is used as the refrigerant, and a subcritical refrigeration cycle in which the high-pressure side refrigerant pressure does not exceed the critical pressure of the refrigerant is configured.
- the compressor 21 is an electric compressor driven by electric power supplied from a battery or a variable capacity compressor driven by a belt, and sucks, compresses and discharges the refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle 20.
- the cooling water heater 15 is a condenser that condenses the high-pressure side refrigerant by exchanging heat between the high-pressure side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 and the cooling water.
- the expansion valve 22 is a decompression unit that decompresses and expands the liquid refrigerant flowing out of the cooling water heater 15.
- the cooling water cooler 14 is an evaporator that evaporates the low-pressure refrigerant by exchanging heat between the low-pressure refrigerant decompressed and expanded by the expansion valve 22 and the cooling water. The gas-phase refrigerant evaporated in the cooling water cooler 14 is sucked into the compressor 21 and compressed.
- the cooler core 16 is a cooling heat exchanger (air cooler) that cools the air blown into the vehicle interior by exchanging heat between the cooling water and the air blown into the vehicle interior.
- the cooling water absorbs heat from the blown air by sensible heat change. That is, in the cooler core 16, even if the cooling water absorbs heat from the blown air, the cooling water remains in a liquid phase and does not change in phase.
- Inside air, outside air, or mixed air of inside air and outside air is blown to the cooler core 16 by the indoor blower 25.
- the first pump 11, the cooling water cooler 14, and the cooler core 16 are disposed in a first cooling water circuit C1 (first heat medium circuit).
- the first cooling water circuit C ⁇ b> 1 is configured such that cooling water (first heat medium) circulates in the order of the first pump 11 ⁇ the cooling water cooler 14 ⁇ the cooler core 16 ⁇ the first pump 11.
- the second pump 12, the radiator 13, and the cooling water heater 15 are arranged in the second cooling water circuit C2 (second heat medium circuit).
- the second cooling water circuit C2 is configured such that cooling water (second heat medium, another heat medium) circulates in the order of the second pump 12 ⁇ the radiator 13 ⁇ the cooling water heater 15 ⁇ the second pump 12. Yes.
- the cooler core 16 and the indoor blower 25 are accommodated in a casing 31 of an indoor air conditioning unit 30 of the vehicle air conditioner.
- the indoor air conditioning unit 30 is disposed inside the instrument panel (instrument panel) at the forefront of the vehicle interior.
- the casing 31 forms an outer shell of the indoor air conditioning unit 30.
- the casing 31 forms an air passage for vehicle interior air that is blown into the vehicle interior, and is formed of a resin (for example, polypropylene) having a certain degree of elasticity and excellent strength.
- a resin for example, polypropylene
- Inside / outside air switching device 32 is arranged on the most upstream side of the air flow in the casing 31 in the casing 31.
- the inside / outside air switching device 32 is inside / outside air introduction means for switching and introducing vehicle interior air (inside air) and outside air into the casing 31.
- the inside / outside air switching device 32 has an inside air introduction port 32a and an outside air introduction port 32b.
- the inside air introduction port 32 a is an inside air introduction unit that introduces inside air into the casing 31.
- the outside air introduction port 32 b is outside air introduction means for introducing outside air into the casing 31.
- Inside / outside air switching device 32 is provided with an inside / outside air switching door 33.
- the inside / outside air switching door 33 is an inside / outside air switching unit that adjusts the opening areas of the inside air introduction port 32a and the outside air introduction port 32b to change the air volume ratio between the air volume of the inside air and the air volume of the outside air.
- an indoor blower 25 is disposed on the downstream side of the air flow of the inside / outside air switching device 32.
- the indoor blower 25 is a blower that blows air toward the passenger compartment.
- the indoor blower 25 is an electric blower that drives a centrifugal multiblade fan (sirocco fan) with an electric motor (blower motor).
- the cooler core 16 is disposed in the casing 31 on the downstream side of the air flow of the indoor blower 25.
- a heater core 34 is disposed in the casing 31 on the downstream side of the air flow of the cooler core 16.
- the heater core 34 is a heat exchanger for heating that heats the vehicle interior blown air by exchanging heat between the engine coolant and the vehicle blown air.
- an air mix door 35 is disposed on the air flow downstream side of the cooler core 16 and on the air flow upstream side of the heater core 34.
- the air mix door 35 is an air volume ratio adjusting unit that adjusts an air volume ratio that allows the heater core 34 to pass through the blown air that has passed through the cooler core 16.
- the air mix door 35 is driven by, for example, a servo motor (not shown).
- the blown air heated by exchanging heat with the refrigerant in the heater core 34 and the blown air that bypasses the heater core 34 and is not heated by the heater core 34 are mixed.
- a mixing space 31a is provided.
- a defroster opening 31b, a face opening 31c, and a foot opening 31d are formed in the most downstream portion of the casing 31 in the air flow.
- the defroster opening 31b, the face opening 31c, and the foot opening 31d are blowing means for blowing the conditioned air mixed in the mixing space 31a into the vehicle interior that is the space to be cooled.
- the defroster opening 31b is an opening for blowing conditioned air toward the inner side surface of the vehicle front window glass.
- the face opening 31c is an opening for blowing conditioned air toward the upper body of the passenger in the vehicle interior.
- the foot opening 31d is an opening for blowing conditioned air toward the feet of the passenger.
- the downstream side of the air flow of the defroster opening 31b is connected to a defroster outlet (not shown) provided in the passenger compartment through a duct that forms an air passage.
- the air flow downstream side of the face opening 31c is connected to a face outlet (not shown) provided in the passenger compartment through a duct that forms an air passage.
- the air flow downstream side of the foot opening 31d is connected to a foot outlet (not shown) provided in the vehicle compartment via a duct that forms an air passage.
- the air mix door 35 adjusts the ratio of the amount of air passing through the heater core 34 to adjust the temperature of the air conditioned air mixed in the mixing space 31a, and the air conditioned air blown out from the openings 31b, 31c, 31d.
- the temperature of is adjusted. That is, the air mix door 35 is a temperature adjusting unit that adjusts the temperature of the conditioned air blown into the vehicle interior.
- a defroster door 36 is disposed on the upstream side of the air flow of the defroster opening 31b.
- the defroster door 36 is defroster opening area adjusting means for adjusting the opening area of the defroster opening 31b.
- a face door 37 is disposed on the upstream side of the air flow of the face opening 31c.
- the face door 37 is a face opening area adjusting means for adjusting the opening area of the face opening 31c.
- a foot door 38 is disposed on the upstream side of the air flow of the foot opening 31d.
- the foot door 38 is foot opening area adjusting means for adjusting the opening area of the foot opening 31d.
- the defroster door 36, the face door 37, and the foot door 38 are blowing mode switching means for switching the blowing mode, and are driven by a servo motor (not shown) via a link mechanism or the like.
- the outlet mode switched by the defroster door 36, the face door 37, and the foot door 38 there are a face mode, a bi-level mode, a foot mode, a foot defroster mode, and a defroster mode.
- the face mode is a blowout mode in which the face blowout is fully opened and air is blown out from the face blowout toward the upper body of the passenger in the passenger compartment.
- the bi-level mode is an air outlet mode in which both the face air outlet and the foot air outlet are opened and air is blown toward the upper body and the feet of the passengers in the passenger compartment.
- the foot mode is a blowout mode in which the foot blowout opening is fully opened and the defroster blowout opening is opened by a small opening so that air is mainly blown out from the foot blowout opening.
- the foot defroster mode is an air outlet mode in which the foot air outlet and the defroster air outlet are opened to the same extent and air is blown out from both the foot air outlet and the defroster air outlet.
- the defroster mode is a blowout mode in which the defroster blowout opening is fully opened and air is blown from the defroster blowout opening to the inner surface of the vehicle front window glass.
- the control device 40 is composed of a well-known microcomputer including a CPU, a ROM, a RAM and the like and its peripheral circuits, performs various calculations and processing based on an air conditioning control program stored in the ROM, and is connected to the output side. It is a control means for controlling the operation of the first pump 11, the second pump 12, the compressor 21, the indoor blower 25, and the like.
- the control device 40 is configured integrally with control means for controlling various control target devices connected to the output side thereof, but has a configuration (hardware and software) for controlling the operation of each control target device.
- the control means for controlling the operation of each control target device is configured.
- the configuration (hardware and software) for controlling the operation of the first pump 11 in the control device 40 constitutes a first cooling water flow rate control means 40a ((first) heat medium flow rate control unit).
- the cooling water flow rate control means 40 a may be configured separately from the control device 40.
- the configuration (hardware and software) for controlling the operation of the second pump 12 in the control device 40 includes the second cooling water flow rate control means 40b (second heat medium flow rate control unit, another heat medium flow rate control unit). It is composed.
- the second coolant flow rate control means 40b may be configured separately from the control device 40.
- operation of the compressor 21 among the control apparatuses 40 comprises the refrigerant
- the refrigerant flow rate control unit 40c may be configured separately from the control device 40.
- operation of the indoor air blower 25 among the control apparatuses 40 comprises the air flow rate control part 40d.
- the air flow rate control unit 40d may be configured separately from the control device 40.
- an inside air sensor 41 On the input side of the control device 40, an inside air sensor 41, an outside air sensor 42, a solar radiation sensor 43, a compressor rotation speed sensor 44, a blower voltage sensor 45, a cooler core inlet water temperature sensor 46, a cooler core outlet water temperature sensor 47, a cooler core outlet air temperature sensor. 48, detection signals of sensor groups such as a cooling water cooler blown air temperature sensor 49 are input.
- the inside air sensor 41 is a detection means (inside air temperature detection means) for detecting the inside air temperature (in-vehicle temperature).
- the outside air sensor 42 is a detection means (outside air temperature detection means) that detects an outside air temperature (a temperature outside the passenger compartment).
- the solar radiation sensor 43 is a detection means (solar radiation amount detection means) for detecting the amount of solar radiation in the passenger compartment.
- the compressor rotation speed sensor 44 is detection means (rotation speed detection means) for detecting the rotation speed of the compressor 21.
- the blower voltage sensor 45 is detection means (voltage detection means) that detects the voltage value of the electric motor of the indoor fan 25.
- the cooler core inlet water temperature sensor 46 is detection means (inlet heat medium temperature detection means) for detecting the coolant temperature at the coolant inlet portion of the cooler core 16.
- the cooler core outlet water temperature sensor 47 is detection means (outlet heat medium temperature detection means) for detecting the cooling water temperature at the cooling water outlet of the cooler core 16.
- the cooler core blown air temperature sensor 48 is detection means (exit air temperature detection means) for detecting the blown air temperature of the cooler core 16.
- the cooling water cooler blown air temperature sensor 49 is detection means (exit air temperature detection means) for detecting the blown air temperature of the cooling water cooler 14.
- inside air temperature, outside air temperature, solar radiation amount, compressor rotation speed, blower voltage value, cooler core inlet water temperature, cooler core outlet water temperature, cooler core outlet air temperature, and cooling water cooler outlet air temperature are based on the detected values of various physical quantities. May be estimated.
- the various air conditioning operation signals from the operation members of the air conditioning operation panel 50 are input to the input side of the control device 40.
- the air conditioning operation panel 50 is disposed near the instrument panel in the vehicle interior.
- the air conditioning operation panel 50 is provided with a temperature setting switch for setting a set temperature in the vehicle interior, an air conditioner switch for switching operation / stop of the compressor 21, an air volume switching switch for switching the air volume of the indoor fan 25, and the like.
- control device 40 operates the first pump 11, the second pump 12, the compressor 21, the indoor blower 25, etc.
- the refrigerant circulates in the refrigeration cycle 20
- the cooling water circulates in the first cooling water circuit C1
- the first 2 Cooling water circulates in the cooling water circuit C2.
- the cooling water in the first cooling water circuit C1 is cooled.
- the refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle 20 that has absorbed heat from the cooling water of the first cooling water circuit C1 by the cooling water cooler 14 radiates heat to the cooling water of the second cooling water circuit C2 by the cooling water heater 15. Thereby, the cooling water of the 2nd cooling water circuit C2 is heated.
- the cooling water in the second cooling water circuit C2 that is radiated and heated from the refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle 20 by the cooling water heater 15 is radiated to the outside air by the radiator 13.
- the cooling water of the first cooling water circuit C1 cooled by the cooling water cooler 14 absorbs heat from the air blown into the vehicle interior by the cooler core 16. Therefore, the air blown into the vehicle interior is cooled by the cooler core 16.
- the control device 40 determines the suction port mode based on the target blowout temperature TAO of the blowout air in the vehicle interior.
- the suction port mode is a switching state of the inside / outside air switching door 33.
- TAO Kset ⁇ Tset ⁇ Kr ⁇ Tr ⁇ Kam ⁇ Tam ⁇ Ks ⁇ Ts + C...
- Tset is the vehicle interior temperature set by the vehicle interior temperature setting switch
- Tr is the vehicle interior temperature (internal air temperature) detected by the internal air sensor 41
- Tam is the external air temperature detected by the external air sensor 42
- Ts is the solar radiation sensor 43. Is the amount of solar radiation detected by.
- Kset, Kr, Kam, Ks are control gains
- C is a correction constant.
- the target outlet temperature TAO corresponds to the amount of heat that the vehicle air conditioner needs to generate in order to keep the passenger compartment at a desired temperature, and the air conditioning heat load (cooling load and heating load) required for the vehicle air conditioner. ). That is, when the cooling load required for the vehicle air conditioner is high, the target outlet temperature TAO is in a low temperature range, and when the heating load required for the vehicle air conditioner is high, the target outlet temperature TAO is in a high temperature range.
- the control device 40 basically selects the outside air mode in which outside air is introduced as a suction port mode. However, when the target blowing temperature TAO is in a very low temperature range and high cooling performance is desired, the inside air is reduced. Select the shy mode to be introduced.
- the control device 40 determines the outlet mode based on the target outlet temperature TAO.
- the air outlet mode is a switching state of the face door 24a, the foot door 25a, and the defroster door 26a.
- the outlet mode is sequentially switched from the face mode to the bi-level mode to the foot mode. Therefore, the face mode is easily selected mainly in the summer, the bi-level mode is mainly selected in the spring and autumn, and the foot mode is mainly selected in the winter.
- the control apparatus 40 determines the ventilation capability (specifically, the voltage applied to the electric motor of the indoor blower 25) of the indoor blower 25 as follows.
- control device 40 determines the blower level BLV with reference to the control map shown in FIG.
- the control map shown in FIG. 3 is stored in the control device 40 in advance.
- the control map is configured such that the value of the blower level BLV with respect to the target blowing temperature TAO of the vehicle cabin blowing air draws a bathtub-like curve.
- the blower level BLV is raised to a high level so that the air volume of the indoor blower 25 is close to the maximum air volume.
- the blower level BLV is reduced so that the blower amount of the indoor blower 25 is reduced according to the increase of the target blowing temperature TAO.
- the blower level BLV is decreased so that the air volume of the indoor blower 25 is decreased according to the decrease in the target blowing temperature TAO.
- the blower level BLV is lowered to a low level so that the air volume of the indoor blower 25 becomes the minimum air volume.
- the blower level BLV corresponding to the air conditioning heat load is calculated.
- the blower level BLV is a value determined based on the target blowout temperature TAO.
- the blower level BLV is determined based on values determined based on the vehicle interior set temperature Tset, the internal air temperature Tr, the external air temperature Tam, and the solar radiation amount Ts.
- the control device 40 determines the blower voltage (blower motor voltage) based on the determined blower level BLV. Specifically, the blower voltage is increased according to the increase in the blower level BLV, and the blower voltage is decreased according to the decrease in the blower level BLV.
- the control device 40 When the air outlet mode is the face mode or the bi-level mode, the control device 40 performs solar radiation correction of the blower level BLV with reference to the control map shown in FIG.
- the blower level BLV is lowered to a low level, and in the region where the solar radiation amount Ts is large, the blower level BLV is raised to a high level and the solar radiation amount Ts is small.
- the blower level BLV is increased according to the increase in the amount of solar radiation Ts.
- the value of the blower level BLV determined based on the solar radiation amount Ts is compared with the value of the blower level BLV determined based on the target blowing temperature TAO, and the larger value is selected.
- the air blowing capacity (air blowing amount) of the indoor blower 25 can be increased, so that the cooling feeling of the occupant can be improved.
- control device 40 performs warm-up correction of the blower level BLV with reference to the control map shown in FIG.
- blower level BLV is lowered to a low level in the low temperature region of the engine coolant temperature TW, and the blower level BLV is increased to a high level in the high temperature region of the engine coolant temperature TW, so that the engine coolant temperature TW is low.
- the blower level BLV is raised as the engine coolant temperature TW rises.
- a hysteresis width for preventing control hunting is set.
- the value of the blower level BLV determined based on the engine coolant temperature TW is compared with the value of the blower level BLV determined based on the target blowing temperature TAO, and the smaller value is selected.
- the air blowing capacity (air flow rate) of the indoor blower 25 can be reduced during warm-up when the engine coolant temperature TW is not sufficiently high, so that blown air that is not sufficiently heated is blown out and the passenger feels cold. It can suppress being strengthened.
- control device 40 performs cool-down correction of the blower level BLV with reference to the control map shown in FIG.
- the blower level BLV is first set to 0, then the blower level BLV is lowered, and then the blower level BLV is raised according to the elapsed time te after the start of cooling.
- the value of the blower level BLV determined based on the elapsed time te after the start of cooling is compared with the value of the blower level BLV determined based on the target blowing temperature TAO, and the smaller value is selected.
- the blowing capacity (air flow rate) of the indoor blower 25 can be reduced at the time of cool-down when the blown air temperature is not sufficiently low, the blown air that is not sufficiently cooled is blown out and the occupant's feeling of heat is strengthened. Can be suppressed.
- the control device 40 changes the refrigerant discharge capacity of the compressor 21 (specifically, the rotational speed of the compressor 21) to the difference (TEO-TE) between the target blowing temperature TEO of the cooling water cooler 14 and the blowing air temperature TE. Determine based on. Specifically, the refrigerant discharge capacity of the compressor 21 is determined so that the blown air temperature TE approaches the target blown temperature TEO.
- the target blowing temperature TEO is set to 2 ° C., for example. This is to prevent frost from adhering to the cooling water cooler 14.
- heat quantity Q is given to the cooling water from the blown air.
- the amount of heat Q is expressed by the above-described formula F1.
- the control device 40 determines the cooling water discharge capacity of the first pump 11 (specifically, the rotational speed of the first pump 11) according to the physical quantity related to the heat quantity Q given to the cooling water from the blown air in the cooler core 16. decide.
- control device 40 determines the cooling water discharge capacity of the first pump 11 (specifically, the rotational speed of the first pump 11) in accordance with the physical quantity related to the cooling load of the blown air in the cooler core 16. To do.
- control device 40 determines the rotation speed of the first pump 11 with reference to the control maps shown in FIGS.
- the first predetermined value ⁇ 1 and the second predetermined value ⁇ 2 are stored in the control device 40 in advance.
- the second predetermined value ⁇ 2 is a value smaller than the first predetermined value ⁇ 1.
- the difference between the target blowing temperature TEO of the cooling water cooler 14 and the blowing air temperature TE (TEO-TE)
- the rotational speed Nc of the compressor 21 The rotation speed Nw1 of the first pump 11 may be determined based on the cooling water inlet / outlet temperature difference (Two ⁇ Twi) of the cooler core 16 and the air inlet / outlet temperature difference (Tao ⁇ Tai) of the cooler core 16.
- the cooling water inlet / outlet temperature difference (Two ⁇ Twi) of the cooler core 16 is a temperature difference obtained by subtracting the temperature Twi of the cooling water flowing into the cooler core 16 from the temperature Two of the cooling water flowing out of the cooler core 16.
- the temperature Two of the cooling water flowing out from the cooler core 16 is a temperature detected by the cooler core outlet water temperature sensor 47.
- the temperature Twi of the cooling water flowing into the cooler core 16 is a temperature detected by the cooler core inlet water temperature sensor 46.
- the air inlet / outlet temperature difference (Tao ⁇ Tai) of the cooler core 16 is a temperature difference obtained by subtracting the temperature Tai of the blown air flowing into the cooler core 16 from the temperature Tao of the blown air flowing out of the cooler core 16.
- the temperature Tao of the blown air flowing out from the cooler core 16 is a temperature detected by the cooler core blown air temperature sensor 48.
- the temperature Tai of the blown air flowing into the cooler core 16 is determined from the inside air temperature detected by the inside air sensor 41, the outside air temperature detected by the outside air sensor 42, and the air volume ratio between the inside air and outside air adjusted by the inside / outside air switching door 33. This is the calculated temperature.
- the rotational speed Nw1 of the first pump 11 is decreased according to the increase of the target blowing temperature TAO. Thereby, the flow volume of the cooling water which flows through the cooler core 16 reduces.
- the first predetermined value ⁇ 1 and the second predetermined value ⁇ 2 are stored in the control device 40 in advance.
- the second predetermined value ⁇ 2 is a value larger than the first predetermined value ⁇ 1.
- the flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the cooler core 16 is increased.
- the temperature difference (Two ⁇ Twi) obtained by subtracting the temperature Twi of the cooling water flowing into the cooler core 16 from the temperature Two of the cooling water flowing out of the cooler core 16 can be reduced. As a result, the temperature distribution of the cooling water in the cooler core 16 can be suppressed.
- the flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the cooler core 16 is reduced.
- the control device 40 controls the flow rate of the cooling water in accordance with the physical quantity related to the cooling load of the blown air in the cooler core 16, so that the flow rate of the cooling water is appropriately set. It is possible to control both the suppression of the temperature distribution of the cooling water in the cooler core 16 and the reduction of the power for circulating the cooling water.
- a physical quantity related to the cooling load of the blown air in the cooler core 16 a physical quantity related to the flow rate of the blown air flowing through the cooler core 16 such as the blower level BLV can be used.
- a physical quantity related to the cooling load of the blown air in the cooler core 16 a physical quantity related to the flow rate of the low-pressure side refrigerant flowing through the cooling water cooler 14, such as the rotational speed Nc of the compressor 21, can be used.
- the physical quantity related to the cooling load of the blown air in the cooler core 16 is related to the temperature difference (Two ⁇ Twi) obtained by subtracting the temperature Twi of the cooling water flowing into the cooler core 16 from the temperature Two of the cooling water flowing out of the cooler core 16. Physical quantities can be used.
- a physical quantity related to the cooling load of the blown air in the cooler core 16 a physical quantity related to a temperature difference (Tao ⁇ Tai) obtained by subtracting the temperature Tai of the air flowing into the cooler core 16 from the temperature Tao of the air flowing out of the cooler core 16. Can be used.
- the heat exchange efficiency in the cooler core 16 can be improved by increasing the flow rate of the low-pressure side refrigerant flowing through the cooling water cooler 14. it can.
- the heat exchange efficiency in the cooler core 16 can be improved by increasing the flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the cooling water heater 15. .
- the rotational speed Nw1 of the first pump 11 is proportional to the physical quantity (BLV, TEO-TE, Nc, Two-Twi, Tao-Tai, TAO) related to the cooling load of the blown air in the cooler core 16.
- physical quantities related to the cooling load of the blown air in the cooler core 16 BLV, TEO-TE, Nc, Two-Twi, Tao-Tai, TAO. Accordingly, the rotational speed Nw1 of the first pump 11 is discontinuously increased and decreased. Also in this embodiment, the same operational effects as those in the above embodiment can be obtained.
- cooling water circulation devices heat medium circulation devices
- a battery cooler that cools the battery may be provided.
- a refrigerant radiator that dissipates heat of the high-pressure side refrigerant to the outside air by exchanging heat between the high-pressure side refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle 20 and the outside air is provided. It may be.
- the 1st cooling water circuit C1 and the 2nd cooling water circuit C2 are connected via the switching valve, and the switching valve is arrange
- the case where the cooling water sucked / discharged by the first pump 11 circulates and the case where the cooling water sucked / discharged by the second pump 12 circulates may be switched. .
- cooling water is used as the heat medium flowing through the cooler core 16, but various media such as oil may be used as the heat medium.
- Nanofluid may be used as the heat medium.
- a nanofluid is a fluid in which nanoparticles having a particle size of the order of nanometers are mixed.
- antifreeze liquid ethylene glycol
- the effect of improving the thermal conductivity in a specific temperature range the effect of increasing the heat capacity of the heat medium, the effect of preventing the corrosion of metal pipes and the deterioration of rubber pipes, and the heat medium at an extremely low temperature
- liquidity of can be acquired.
- Such an effect varies depending on the particle configuration, particle shape, blending ratio, and additional substance of the nanoparticles.
- the thermal conductivity can be improved, it is possible to obtain the same cooling efficiency even with a small amount of heat medium as compared with the cooling water using ethylene glycol.
- the amount of heat stored in the heat medium itself can be increased.
- the aspect ratio of the nanoparticles may be 50 or more. This is because sufficient thermal conductivity can be obtained.
- the aspect ratio is a shape index that represents the ratio of the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the nanoparticles.
- Nanoparticles containing any of Au, Ag, Cu and C can be used. Specifically, Au nanoparticle, Ag nanowire, CNT (carbon nanotube), graphene, graphite core-shell nanoparticle (a structure such as a carbon nanotube surrounding the above atom is included as a constituent atom of the nanoparticle. Particles), Au nanoparticle-containing CNTs, and the like can be used.
- a chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant is used as the refrigerant.
- the type of the refrigerant is not limited to this, and a natural refrigerant such as carbon dioxide, a hydrocarbon refrigerant, or the like is used. May be.
- the refrigeration cycle 20 of the above embodiment constitutes a subcritical refrigeration cycle in which the high-pressure side refrigerant pressure does not exceed the critical pressure of the refrigerant, but the supercritical refrigeration cycle in which the high-pressure side refrigerant pressure exceeds the critical pressure of the refrigerant. You may comprise.
- vehicle thermal management device 10 is applied to a hybrid vehicle.
- vehicle heat is applied to an electric vehicle or the like that does not include an engine and obtains driving force for vehicle traveling from a traveling electric motor.
- the management device 10 may be applied.
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Q=Cp・Gw・(Two-Twi) …F1
Qは、冷却水が室内熱交換器を流れる間に送風空気から得る熱量、Cpは冷却水の比熱、Gwは冷却水の質量流量、Twoは室内熱交換器から流出した冷却水の温度、Twiは室内熱交換器に流入する冷却水の温度である。
(第1実施形態)
以下、第1実施形態を図1~図9に基づいて説明する。図1に示す車両用熱管理装置10は、車両が備える各種機器や車室内を適切な温度に調整するために用いられる。本実施形態では、車両用熱管理装置10を、エンジン(内燃機関)および走行用電動モータから車両走行用の駆動力を得るハイブリッド自動車に適用している。
TAO=Kset×Tset-Kr×Tr-Kam×Tam-Ks×Ts+C …F2
Tsetは車室内温度設定スイッチによって設定された車室内設定温度、Trは内気センサ41によって検出された車室内温度(内気温)、Tamは外気センサ42によって検出された外気温、Tsは日射センサ43によって検出された日射量である。Kset、Kr、Kam、Ksは制御ゲインであり、Cは補正用の定数である。
(第2実施形態)
上記実施形態では、クーラコア16における送風空気の冷却負荷に関連する物理量(BLV、TEO-TE、Nc、Two-Twi、Tao-Tai、TAO)に応じて第1ポンプ11の回転数Nw1を比例的に上昇および低下させるが、本実施形態では、図10に示すように、クーラコア16における送風空気の冷却負荷に関連する物理量(BLV、TEO-TE、Nc、Two-Twi、Tao-Tai、TAO)に応じて第1ポンプ11の回転数Nw1を不連続的に上昇および低下させる。本実施形態においても、上記実施形態と同様の作用効果を奏することができる。
Claims (10)
- 熱媒体を吸入して吐出するポンプ(11)と、
前記ポンプ(11)から吐出された前記熱媒体と冷凍サイクル(20)の低圧側冷媒とを熱交換させて前記低圧側冷媒を蒸発させるとともに前記熱媒体を冷却する熱媒体冷却器(14)と、
前記熱媒体冷却器(14)で熱交換された前記熱媒体が流通し、前記熱媒体が顕熱変化にて吸熱する熱媒体流通機器(16)と、
前記熱媒体流通機器(16)にて前記熱媒体が吸熱する熱量(Q)が所定の熱量を上回ると判断される場合、前記熱媒体流通機器(16)を流れる前記熱媒体の流量を増加させる熱媒体流量制御部(40a)とを備えることを特徴とする、冷凍サイクル(20)に適用される車両用熱管理装置。 - 冷凍サイクル(20)の低圧側冷媒と熱媒体とを熱交換させて前記低圧側冷媒を蒸発させるとともに前記熱媒体を冷却する熱媒体冷却器(14)と、
前記熱媒体冷却器(14)で熱交換された前記熱媒体が流通し、前記熱媒体が顕熱変化にて吸熱する熱媒体流通機器(16)と、
前記熱媒体流通機器(16)にて前記熱媒体が吸熱する熱量(Q)が所定の熱量を下回ると判断される場合、前記熱媒体流通機器(16)を流れる前記熱媒体の流量を低下させる熱媒体流量制御部(40a)とを備えることを特徴とする、冷凍サイクル(20)に適用される車両用熱管理装置。 - 前記熱媒体流通機器(16)は、車室内に吹き出される空気と前記熱媒体とを熱交換して前記空気を冷却する空気冷却器(16)であり、
前記熱媒体流量制御部(40a)は、前記空気冷却器(16)における前記空気の冷却負荷に関連する物理量(BLV、TEO-TE、Nc、Two-Twi、Tao-Tai、TAO)に応じて、前記熱媒体流通機器(16)を流れる前記熱媒体の流量を制御することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の車両用熱管理装置。 - 前記空気冷却器(16)を流れる前記空気の流量を前記冷却負荷に応じて制御する空気流量制御部(40d)を備え、
前記熱媒体流量制御部(40a)は、前記冷却負荷に関連する物理量として、前記空気冷却器(16)を流れる前記空気の流量に関連する物理量(BLV)を用いることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の車両用熱管理装置。 - 前記熱媒体冷却器(14)を流れる前記低圧側冷媒の流量を前記冷却負荷に応じて制御する冷媒流量制御部(40c)を備え、
前記熱媒体流量制御部(40a)は、前記冷却負荷に関連する物理量として、前記熱媒体冷却器(14)を流れる前記低圧側冷媒の流量に関連する物理量(Nc)を用いることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の車両用熱管理装置。 - 前記熱媒体流量制御部(40a)は、前記冷却負荷に関連する物理量として、前記空気冷却器(16)から流出した前記熱媒体の温度(Two)から前記空気冷却器(16)に流入する前記熱媒体の温度(Twi)を減じた温度差(Two-Twi)に関連する物理量を用いることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の車両用熱管理装置。
- 前記熱媒体流量制御部(40a)は、前記冷却負荷に関連する物理量として、前記空気冷却器(16)から流出した空気の温度(Tao)から前記空気冷却器(16)に流入する空気の温度(Tai)を減じた温度差(Tao-Tai)に関連する物理量を用いることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の車両用熱管理装置。
- 前記熱媒体流量制御部(40a)が前記熱媒体流通機器(16)を流れる前記熱媒体の流量を増加させた場合、前記熱媒体冷却器(14)を流れる前記低圧側冷媒の流量を増加させる冷媒流量制御部(40c)を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両用熱管理装置。
- 前記冷凍サイクル(20)の高圧側冷媒ともう1つの熱媒体とを熱交換させて前記高圧側冷媒を冷却する冷媒冷却器(15)と、
前記熱媒体流量制御部(40a)が前記熱媒体流通機器(16)を流れる前記熱媒体の流量を増加させた場合、前記冷媒冷却器(15)を流れる前記もう1つの熱媒体の流量を増加させるもう1つの熱媒体流量制御部(40b)とを備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両用熱管理装置。 - 前記熱媒体流通機器(16)は、車室内に吹き出される空気と前記熱媒体とを熱交換して前記空気を冷却する空気冷却器(16)であり、
前記熱媒体流量制御部(40a)が前記熱媒体流通機器(16)を流れる前記熱媒体の流量を増加させた場合、前記空気冷却器(16)を流れる前記空気の流量を増加させる空気流量制御部(40d)を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両用熱管理装置。
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14/784,076 US20160075213A1 (en) | 2013-04-22 | 2014-04-14 | Vehicle heat management device |
| DE112014002082.6T DE112014002082T5 (de) | 2013-04-22 | 2014-04-14 | Wärmemanagementvorrichtung für ein Fahrzeug |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2013-089454 | 2013-04-22 | ||
| JP2013089454A JP2014213609A (ja) | 2013-04-22 | 2013-04-22 | 車両用熱管理装置 |
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| JP (1) | JP2014213609A (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE112014002082T5 (ja) |
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| JP6197745B2 (ja) * | 2013-07-31 | 2017-09-20 | 株式会社デンソー | 車両用冷凍サイクル装置 |
| JP6673294B2 (ja) * | 2016-08-30 | 2020-03-25 | 株式会社デンソー | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
| WO2018042969A1 (ja) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-03-08 | 株式会社デンソー | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
| DE102016221169A1 (de) * | 2016-10-27 | 2018-05-03 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Fahrzeug-Klimaanlage |
| JP7176987B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-20 | 2022-11-22 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 熱要求調停装置 |
| JP7363721B2 (ja) * | 2020-08-31 | 2023-10-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車両用空調制御装置 |
| JP2022190760A (ja) * | 2021-06-15 | 2022-12-27 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 熱管理システム |
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| JP2014213609A (ja) | 2014-11-17 |
| US20160075213A1 (en) | 2016-03-17 |
| DE112014002082T5 (de) | 2015-12-31 |
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