WO2014166869A1 - Metal-coated windowpane, particularly for rail vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a metal-coated windowpane (FS) for use in vehicles (F), particularly rail vehicles, such as trains or trams, and to a vehicle (F) equipped with such windowpanes (FS). The windowpane (FS) has a transparent, patterned and electrically conductive metallisation (ME). The metallisation (ME) is of frequency-selective design and has a filter characteristic (SE1, SE2, IS) that is such that signals from and to radio communication devices that are arranged outside the vehicle (F) are allowed to pass but signals from and to radio communication devices that are arranged inside the vehicle (F) are blocked. In this way, a throughput attenuation of metal-coated windows (FS) can be reduced for signals from and to radio communication devices outside the vehicle (F) and signals from and to radio communication devices inside the vehicle (F) can very easily be screened. In addition, heat absorption in an interior of the vehicle (F) is also lowered.

Description

Besehreibung

Mirrored window pane, in particular for rail vehicles

Technical area

The present invention relates to a mirrored window pane for use in vehicles, in particular rail vehicles such. Trains or trams, and a vehicle equipped with such windows. The window pane has a transparent, structured and electrically conductive metallization. State of the art

In vehicles such as Passenger rail vehicles are subject to availability of current communication services, such as Mobile voice communication, mobile data communication, etc. on the basis of GSM, UMTS and in the future on the basis of Long Term Evolution (LTE), a mobile radio standard of the fourth generation, increasingly demanded. Therefore, good network coverage and reception quality are also found in vehicles, especially public transport such as public transport. Trains, trams, etc. asked.

An obstacle to a good reception are mirrored windows in these vehicles. The

Mirroring is used as a sunscreen and is intended to prevent a vehicle from being heated up by heat radiation. However, not only the heat radiation or the sun's rays are reflected by the mirroring of the window panes, but also other electromagnetic waves such. the electromagnetic waves for mobile communication services of radio communication devices.

The vehicle thus has a high transmission loss for electromagnetic waves and acts like a Faraday 'shear Cage. For example, with the Intercity Express or ICE, the attenuation is around 30 dB. The shielding is thus about 99, 9%. Instead of a renunciation or a reduction of the mirroring and thus a reduction or a cancellation of the (thermal) insulation effect are known from the prior art such as from htt: // de. wikipedia. org / wiki / Intra-repeater so-called Intra-Repeater to overcome the Durchgangsdämp- known. Intrain repeater is intended to improve communication between a mobile terminal (eg mobile phone, tablet PC, smartphone, etc.) and a radio communication device which is located outside the vehicle (eg mobile radio network, etc.) and to ensure a communication link that is as trouble-free as possible be enabled.

Without an intra-repeater, interference-free use of mobile communication services or interference-free connection without crashes would only be possible in those areas having a sufficiently high field strength to protect the shielding of vehicles such as e.g. overcome by modern passenger trains. This is usually the case in metropolitan areas and at railway stations. Especially in rural areas, the radio communication devices such as e.g. Mobile networks based on the GSM or UMTS standards are not as strong or dense. As a result, a supply or corresponding connection to radio communication devices of vehicles or individual cars without Intrain Repeater is not always guaranteed.

For example, window panes for use in vehicles (eg, power tools, etc.) are known from document DE 195 03 892 C1 or from document EP 2 586 610 A1, by means of which the reception quality for mobile terminals (eg mobile phones, etc.) in the Interior of a vehicle - even without the use of a repeater - is increased. This window pane is provided with an electrically conductive, transparent layer. This layer is, for example by means of metallic vapor deposition on the Was applied, wherein the layer is patterned during vapor deposition. The structuring of the layer is designed so that signals from certain radio communication devices (eg GSM, UMTS, radio waves, etc.) and thus can pass as unhindered at certain frequencies. However, signals are not frequency-selectively transmitted through these windows, which can be disturbed, for example, located in the interior of the vehicle radio communication facilities.

In order to be able to offer communication services, in particular mobile data services, in vehicles such as the ICE of Deutsche Bahn or the railjet of the Austrian Federal Railways, etc., a wireless Internet access is nowadays offered for example in these vehicles. For example, the vehicle or the train is equipped with wireless local area network or WLAN technology, so that the mobile data services or the wireless Internet in all cars of the train is available - even if the train is traveling outside of areas, which for these services have adequate network coverage. For this purpose, a corresponding infrastructure or radio communication device such as WLAN hotspots is mounted within the vehicle. However, signals from radio communication devices which are located outside the vehicle and use a same frequency range, such as those described in DE 195 03 892 C1 or EP 2 586 610 A1, are not kept away from the interior of the vehicle. These signals can then interfere with the radio communication device inside the vehicle or the services offered. Furthermore, for example, offered in a vehicle communication services, which are eg offered to the passengers for free, could also be used from outside the vehicle. In addition, radio communication equipment radio communication system outside the vehicle may be disturbed by the radio signals of the vehicle mounted. Presentation of the invention

The invention is therefore based on the object to improve a reception and connection quality of used in vehicles radio communication equipment - regardless of the attachment of the radio communication device.

The solution to this problem is achieved by a mirrored window pane of the type specified, in which the metallization frequency is carried out selectively. In this case, the metallization has a filter characteristic in such a way that signals or frequency ranges of signals from and to radio communication systems which are arranged outside the vehicle are transmitted, and in that signals or frequency ranges of signals from and to radio communication devices which are arranged inside the vehicle are blocked, or strongly attenuated.

The main aspect of the window pane according to the invention is that the window pane is frequency-selective. Due to the corresponding properties of the window panes, signals or frequency ranges of communication services whose radio communication devices are located outside the vehicle are transmitted as unhindered as possible. It can provide communication services without strong

Losses are used by a damping when passing through the window pane. It is thus possible, for example, to use communication services of GSM, UMTS, in the future also LTE radio communication equipment in the interior of the vehicle trouble-free. It is also conceivable that signals from GSM-R (GSM-Railway), DVB-T, radio waves or BOS-radio like e.g. TETRA can pass through the windowpane as unhindered as possible. Another, advantageous aspect of the invention

Window pane is that due to the special frequency-selective design signals or frequency ranges of wireless communication devices (eg WLAN), which in the interior of the Vehicle are attached, locked. This allows undisturbed operation of these radio communication devices in the interior of the vehicle and further reduces interference with radio communication devices arranged outside the vehicle. In addition, a use of these located in the interior of the vehicle radio communication facilities from the outside is considerably more difficult.

Due to the corresponding filter characteristic of the metallization, the window pane has an effect similar to a band-stop filter for specific frequency ranges predetermined by radio communication devices used in the interior of the vehicle. Furthermore, a heat radiation is held by the metallization. The interior of the vehicle is thus better thermally insulated and is e.g. better protected from being heated by sunlight.

To achieve the corresponding filter characteristic, it is advantageous if the metallization is patterned by a pattern having at least two different structural elements. The pattern or structure of the metallization formed by the features is ideally optimized to provide low attenuation in the desired passbands and high attenuation in the desired stopper regions. By the respective incident radio waves the respective structural elements are e.g. to the

Swinging excited. In the region of the resonance frequency of the respective structural element, there is an increased reflection of the respective radio signals. The transmission of these signals or this frequency range decreases simultaneously. That the corresponding frequency range defined by suitable choice of the structural element or its parameters (e.g., length, width, etc.) is greatly attenuated.

By means of corresponding structural elements or structuring of the metallization, a largely disturbance-free reception of signals from respective radio communication systems is achieved in a simple way. cation devices, which are mounted inside and outside the vehicle achieved. By structuring the desired frequency ranges are either passed or blocked. By metallizing the windows, the interior of the vehicle is better insulated thermally.

It is also advantageous if an insulating spacing is provided between the structural elements. The exact resonance frequencies of the structural elements are detuned by the proximity to adjacent structural elements. In this case, the detuning distance represents a significant influencing factor for detuning the juxtaposed or adjacent structural elements. Detuning is understood, for example, in electrical engineering to be a relative representation of a frequency ratio, wherein one of the frequencies is predetermined and regarded as fixed. The predetermined frequency is usually a resonant frequency, e.g. the structural elements used in each case. The detuning thus describes in standardized form how a current frequency deviates from the expected resonance or filter frequency. The degree of detuning is influenced by the insulation distance or by its width. Furthermore, the isolation distance also influences a degree of coverage of the metallization and thus the transmission at frequencies in frequency ranges outside the blocking regions determined by the structure.

A special embodiment variant of the window pane according to the invention is ideally provided for the pattern of metallization cross-shaped and rectangular, in particular square, structural elements. The cross-shaped structural elements are advantageously periodically repeatedly arranged in two spatial directions in such a way that the horizontally and vertically aligned ends of the cross-shaped structural elements are adjacent to one another, and that of the empty spaces lying between each four cross-shaped structural elements, the rectangular or square structural elements be formed. Through a selection of cross-shaped and rectangular structural elements can be mit- With the selection of associated structure element parameters, two frequency bands with significantly different center frequencies can be blocked. Thus, ideally those frequency bands can be selected which are used by radio communication devices mounted in the interior of the vehicle.

Thus, for example, a lower stop band can be determined by a length of the cross-shaped structural elements and an upper stop band by a side length of the rectangular or square structural elements. In the region of the respective resonant frequency, the corresponding frequencies are then reflected to a greater extent and thus a transmission of these frequencies or of the associated frequency ranges is greatly reduced by the window pane according to the invention. However, the exact resonance frequencies of cross-shaped or rectangular structural elements are detuned by the proximity to adjacent cross-shaped or rectangular structural elements. By a suitable choice of the insulation distance between the structural elements, the degree of detuning can be influenced - i. E. In order to achieve the desired stop bands, the cross-shaped and rectangular or square structural elements are changed in their respective lengths or the width of the insulating spacing is varied so that the detuning between adjacent structural elements is compensated. That by a suitable choice of the structural element parameters, e.g. Shape, length of the structural elements, width of the isolation distance, etc. can be found for the desired passable and to be blocked frequency ranges an optimal structure of the metallization, by which an optimal reception quality for communication services of radio communication devices inside and outside the vehicle is made possible.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the metallization is additionally provided with a fine structure. Due to the fine structure, the properties of the window pane in the optical and thermal range can be improved in a simple manner. Ie radiation in the visible frequency spectrum and / or heat radiation are better reflected or the transmission is reduced. Furthermore, with the help of the fine structure and a visually appealing appearance of the window can be achieved. For example, targeted lettering or shapes (eg logos, etc.) can be applied to the window pane.

A preferred embodiment of the subject invention provides that a so-called wireless local area network or WLAN can be used as the radio communication device arranged in the interior of the vehicle. Frequently, in the interior of vehicles, such as e.g. Trains, Wi-Fi technology or infrastructure (e.g., Wi-Fi hotspots, etc.) used to offer passengers mobile data services. For trouble-free operation in the interior of the vehicle, it is therefore advantageous if the signals or the frequency ranges of the WLAN used are blocked by the window pane according to the invention. For the operation of wireless networks (WLAN according to IEEE standards 802.11a / h and 802.11η), two license-free frequency bands have been released from the ISM bands at present - these are the ranges of 2.45 GHz - 2.48 GHz and of 5, 2 GHz to 5.8 GHz.

As passable signals from radio communication devices which are arranged outside the vehicle, signals or the frequency ranges of signals of radio communication devices according to the GSM, UMTS or LTE mobile radio standards are advantageously provided. This means that mobile communication services such as voice telephony, transmission of short messages, etc. with mobile devices (eg mobile phones, smartphones, etc.) can be used in vehicles during an entire route with optimum reception quality and virtually trouble-free. Furthermore, it is also conceivable that signals from GSM-R (a GSM standard, which has been adapted to the railway), DVB-T, FM radio waves and / or BOS radio (eg TETRA) also from the window pane according to the invention be let through. This can eg TV broadcasts, radio broadcasts, etc. of passengers or official direction radio received by emergency services in vehicles without interference and used.

Brief description of the drawing

The invention is explained schematically below by way of example with reference to the accompanying figures. FIG. 1 shows schematically and by way of example a section of the mirrored window pane according to the invention with an exemplary pattern structure of the metallization. FIG. 2 shows by way of example and schematically a rail vehicle with window panes mirrored according to the invention.

Embodiment of the invention

Figure 1 shows schematically and by way of example a section of the mirrored window pane FS according to the invention, which in vehicles F such as e.g. Rail vehicles can be used. The exemplified window pane FS has a transparent and electrically conductive metallization ME, which is frequency-selective due to structuring. As a result of the structuring of the metallization ME, signals from and to the radio-communication device such as e.g. Mobile radio networks according to the GSM, UMTS or in the future according to the LTE standard or possibly also signals from GSM-R networks, DVB-T, FM radio waves or BOS radio system such. TETRA which are outside the vehicle F are allowed to pass. On the other hand, signals from and to radio communication devices, such Wireless LAN blocked if they are located inside the vehicle F.

The exemplary window pane FS is structured by a pattern with at least two different structural elements SEI, SE2. Between the structural elements, an insulating gap IS is provided, which has no metallization ME. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated by way of example in FIG. 1, the pattern of structuring comprises a first structural element SEI, which is designed as a cross-shaped structural element SEI. The cross-shaped structural element SEI is arranged in two spatial directions - horizontal and vertical - periodically repeating, the cross ends of the adjacent cross-shaped structural elements SEI show each other in both vertical and vertical spatial direction. Of the voids between the cross-shaped structural elements SEI, a second structural element SE2 insulated by the insulating spacing IS is formed. The second structural element is rectangular or square as shown in FIG. From such a trained metallization, for example, a frequency-selective blocking of two frequency bands with significant different center frequency allows - such as the two royalty-free shared frequency ranges from the ISM bands of 2, 45GHz - 2.48 GHz and 5.2 GHz to 5.8 GHz, which are used for the operation of wireless networks or wireless LAN.

As a result of the pattern of the metallization ME shown by way of example in FIG. 1, a lower blocking band is essentially determined by a length of the first, cross-shaped structural element SEI. In this case, the length of the cross-shaped structural element SEI is in the order of half a wavelength of the selected lower frequency. An incident radio wave causes the cross-shaped structural elements SEI to oscillate in the selected frequency range. In the region of a resonance frequency of the cross-shaped structural elements SEI, there is an increased reflection of the incident radio waves or the signals of that radio communication device from which this frequency is used. This reduces simultaneous transmission.

An upper stop band is realized in the pattern of the metallization ME shown by way of example in FIG. 1 through the second, rectangular or square structural element SE2. In this case, the upper stopband is determined by a side length of the second structural element SE2. For example, the page length is on the order of half the wavelength of the selected upper frequency. By an incident radio wave then the second, Reckeckigen or square structural elements SE2 are vibrated in the selected frequency range. In the region of the resonance frequency of the second structural elements SE2, there is again an increased reflection of radio signals or a decrease in the transmission.

Due to an ongoing, repeating arrangement - periodicity - of the structural elements SEI, SE2, the pattern is identical for both spatial directions. This is e.g. achieved a similar effect for two orthogonally polarized, incident radio waves. For example, an effect of the structural elements SE1, SE2 becomes independent or invariant, at least for vertically incident radio waves, from their polarization. The exact resonant frequencies of the cross and square structural elements SEI, SE2 are then e.g.

detuned by the proximity to the respective adjacent cross-shaped and rectangular or square structural elements SEI, SE2. From the isolation distance IS between the structural elements SEI, SE2 thus a significant influence on the respective detuning is formed. To select the selected stop bands, e.g. To achieve the frequency ranges of the radio communication devices disposed within the vehicle F, the cross-shaped structural elements SEI as the rectangular or square structural elements SE2 in the respective side lengths are changed until a detuning of an adjacent or adjacent structural element SEI, SE2 is compensated.

Furthermore, apart from a degree of detuning of the cross-shaped and rectangular or square structural elements SEI, SE2, the degree of coverage of the metallization ME and thus transmission of signals at frequencies outside the selected stop bands can also be affected by the insulating spacing IS. be flown. By a suitable choice of the parameters such as side length, etc. of the structural elements SEI, SE2 optimized structures of the metallization ME can be found for the respectively to be blocked frequency range or for the corresponding arranged in the interior of the vehicle F radio communication devices. That is, the metallization can be optimally adjusted to the requirements as to which radio communication devices or which frequencies are to be passed or blocked.

Furthermore, the metallization ME of the window panes FS can still be provided with a fine structure, by means of which the properties in the optical and thermal range are improved. By means of the fine structure, for example, an appearance of the window panes FS can be designed accordingly. For example, attractive structural patterns, shapes, logos, etc. can be realized.

As shown in Figure 2, in a vehicle F, the mirrored windows FS can be arranged distributed over the sides of the vehicle. In this way, the reception conditions for both the radio communication devices arranged outside the vehicle F and for the radio communication devices arranged inside the vehicle F are optimized or improved. The window panes FS according to the invention are particularly suitable for use in rail vehicles, in particular in trains and / or trams.

Likewise, the windows of the present invention may be used in other vehicles (e.g., buses, etc.) and in mirrored windows.

Claims

claims 1. Mirrored window pane (FS) for use in a vehicle (F), in particular for rail vehicles, wherein the window pane (FS) has a transparent, structured and electrically conductive metallization (ME), characterized in that the metallization (ME) frequency-selective is configured, and that the metallization (ME) has a filter characteristic (SEI, SE2, IS) such that signals from and to radio communication devices, which are arranged outside the vehicle (F) and transmitted signals from and to radio communication devices, which within the Vehicle (F) are arranged to be locked. 2. Mirrored window pane according to claim 1, characterized in that the metallization (ME) is structured by a pattern having at least two different structural elements (SEI, SE2). 3. Mirrored window pane according to claim 2, characterized in that an isolation distance (IS) is provided between the structural elements (SEI, SE2). 4. Mirrored window pane according to one of claims 2 to 3, characterized in that for the pattern of the metallization (ME) cross-shaped and rectangular, in particular square, structural elements (SEI, SE2) are used. 5. Mirrored window pane according to claim 4, characterized in that the cross-shaped structural elements (SEI) are arranged in two spatial directions periodically repeating such that respective ends of the cross-shaped structural elements (SEI) face each other, and that of each void between each four cross-shaped structural elements ( SEI) the rectangular ones Structural elements (SE2), in particular a square, are formed. 6. Mirrored window pane according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Metallization (ME) is further provided with a fine structure. 7. Mirrored window pane according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as in the Inner space of the vehicle (F) arranged radio communication device a so-called wireless local area network or WLAN can be used. 8. Mirrored windows according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that signals from radio communication devices according to the GSM, UMTS and / or LTE mobile radio standards are provided as passable signals. 9. Vehicle (F) with mirrored windows (FS) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the mirrored windows (FS) are arranged distributed over both vehicle longitudinal sides. 10. Vehicle according to claim 9, characterized in that the vehicle (F) is designed as a rail vehicle, in particular train and / or tram.