WO2014030764A1 - スピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物 - Google Patents
スピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014030764A1 WO2014030764A1 PCT/JP2013/072697 JP2013072697W WO2014030764A1 WO 2014030764 A1 WO2014030764 A1 WO 2014030764A1 JP 2013072697 W JP2013072697 W JP 2013072697W WO 2014030764 A1 WO2014030764 A1 WO 2014030764A1
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- C01B35/00—Boron; Compounds thereof
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- C01B35/10—Compounds containing boron and oxygen
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- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
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- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/54—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (Mn2O4)-, e.g. Li(NixMn2-x)O4 or Li(MyNixMn2-x-y)O4
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/30—Three-dimensional structures
- C01P2002/32—Three-dimensional structures spinel-type (AB2O4)
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- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
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- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a spinel-type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide that can be used as a positive electrode active material of a lithium secondary battery, and in particular, has a working potential of 4.5 V or more at a metal Li reference potential (referred to as “5 V class”). ) Spinel type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide.
- Lithium secondary batteries have features such as high energy density and long life. For this reason, lithium secondary batteries are widely used as power sources for home appliances such as video cameras, portable electronic devices such as notebook computers and mobile phones, and power tools such as power tools. (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) are also applied to large batteries.
- EV electric and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) are also applied to large batteries.
- a lithium secondary battery is a secondary battery with a structure in which lithium is melted as ions from the positive electrode during charging, moves to the negative electrode and is stored, and reversely, lithium ions return from the negative electrode to the positive electrode during discharging. It is known to be caused by the potential of the positive electrode material.
- Examples of the positive electrode active material for this type of lithium secondary battery include lithium transition metal oxides such as LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 and LiMnO 2 having a layer structure, and manganese such as LiMn 2 O 4 and LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4.
- a lithium transition metal oxide having a spinel structure (Fd-3m) is known.
- This type of manganese-based spinel-type lithium transition metal oxide has low raw material price, is non-toxic and safe, and has a strong property against overcharge. Therefore, such as an electric vehicle (EV) and a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) Is attracting attention as a next-generation positive electrode active material for large-sized batteries.
- EV electric vehicle
- HEV hybrid electric vehicle
- spinel lithium transition metal oxide (LMO) capable of three-dimensional Li ion insertion / extraction is superior in output characteristics to lithium transition metal oxides such as LiCoO 2 having a layer structure. Therefore, it is expected to be used in applications that require excellent output characteristics such as EV batteries and HEV batteries.
- Patent Document 1 as a positive electrode active material of a lithium secondary battery exhibiting a 5V class electromotive force, high capacity obtained by adding spinel-type lithium manganese composite oxide with chromium as an essential additive component and further adding nickel or cobalt.
- a spinel type lithium manganese composite oxide positive electrode active material is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a spinel crystal LiMn 2-yz Ni y M z O 4 that charges and discharges at a potential of 4.5 V or more with respect to Li metal (where M: Fe, Co, Ti, V , Mg, Zn, Ga, Nb, Mo, Cu, at least one selected from the group consisting of 0.25 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.6, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.1) is disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 discloses Li a (M x Mn 2 ⁇ xy A y ) O 4 (wherein, as a positive electrode material for a high energy density lithium ion secondary battery having a high voltage of 4.5 V or higher with respect to Li, wherein 0.4 ⁇ x, 0 ⁇ y, x + y ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.2 M is selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Cr and Cu, and is at least one or more containing Ni A includes at least one metal element selected from Si and Ti, provided that when A includes only Ti, the value of the ratio y of A is 0.1 ⁇ y. )) Is disclosed.
- Patent Document 4 as a positive electrode active material having a high capacity density because both the tap density of the positive electrode active material and the initial discharge capacity of the secondary battery using the positive electrode active material are both high, the formula (I): li 1 + x Ni 0.5-1 / 4x -1 / 4y Mn 1.5-3 / 4x-3 / 4y ByO 4 ( provided that formula (I) medium-x, y is 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.025,0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.01) having a spinel structure and a median diameter of 5 to 20 ⁇ m, a particle diameter variation coefficient of 2.0 to 3.5%, and a BET specific surface area Has disclosed a lithium nickel manganese composite oxide characterized in that is 0.30 to 1.30 m / g.
- Nickel-containing composite oxides (referred to as “5V-class spinels”) have had a serious problem in practical use because the discharge capacity retention rate during a high-temperature cycle is generally low.
- the present invention provides a new 5V class spinel type having excellent discharge capacity maintenance rate during a high temperature cycle in a 5V class spinel type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide having an operating potential of 4.5V or more at a metal Li reference potential.
- a new 5V class spinel type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide having an operating potential of 4.5V or more at a metal Li reference potential.
- the present invention relates to a spinel-type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide having an operating potential of 4.5 V or more at a metal Li reference potential, for example, a metal containing Li and Ni in a part of Mn sites in LiMn 2 O 4- ⁇ .
- Element M1 (M1 is a metal element containing at least one of Ni, Co and Fe) and another metal element M2 (M2 is a metal element containing at least one of Mg, Ti, Al, Ba, Cr and Nb)
- M1 is a metal element containing at least one of Ni, Co and Fe
- M2 is a metal element containing at least one of Mg, Ti, Al, Ba, Cr and Nb
- the spinel-type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide proposed by the present invention naturally has an operating potential of 4.5 V or more at the metal Li reference potential, and has a discharge capacity maintenance rate during a high temperature (for example, 45 ° C.) cycle. Are better. Therefore, the spinel-type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide proposed by the present invention can be suitably used as a positive electrode active material for various lithium batteries.
- FIG. 4 is an XRD pattern of a spinel type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide obtained in Example 8.
- FIG. 4 is a SEM photograph of the spinel type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide obtained in Example 8. It is the discharge curve obtained when the battery performance evaluation test (1st cycle of charging / discharging in a 45 degreeC environment) was done using the spinel type lithium manganese nickel containing complex oxide powder obtained in Example 1. .
- the spinel-type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide according to an example of the embodiment of the present invention is a lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide having a crystal structure belonging to the space group Fd-3m, and is a Mn site in LiMn 2 O 4- ⁇ .
- Spinel-type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide particles (referred to as “the present spinel particles”) containing a crystal phase formed by substituting a part of Li with a metal element M 1 containing Ni and another metal element M 2 And a composite oxide phase containing Ni, Mn and B (referred to as “the present spinel powder”).
- containing as a main component includes the meaning of allowing other components to be included as long as the function of the main component is not hindered unless otherwise specified.
- the content ratio of the main component is not specified, it is preferable to occupy at least 70% by mass, particularly 90% by mass or more, and more preferably 95% by mass or more (including 100%). Therefore, the present spinel powder is allowed to contain components other than the present spinel particles and the composite oxide (phase) containing Ni, Mn and B.
- Examples of the complex oxide phase containing Ni, Mn, and B include a crystal phase of Ni 5 MnO 4 (BO 3 ) 2 .
- the fact that the crystal phase of Ni 5 MnO 4 (BO 3 ) 2 is contained means that the diffraction pattern obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD) is collated with a PDF (Powder Diffraction File) number “01-079-1029”. Can be confirmed.
- the composite oxide containing Ni, Mn and B is presumed to exist on the surface and grain boundaries of the present spinel particles.
- the composite oxide phase is contained so that the content of B element in the spinel powder is 0.02 to 0.80 mass%.
- the composite oxide is preferably 0.05% by mass or more and 0.60% by mass or less, more preferably 0.10% by mass or more or 0.30% by mass or less, and particularly 0.25% by mass or less. More preferably it contains a phase. If the content of B element is 0.02% by mass or more, the discharge capacity at a high temperature (for example, 45 ° C.) can be maintained, and if the content of B element is 0.80% by mass or less, rate characteristics Can be maintained, which is preferable.
- Ni, Mn, and B are included so that the molar ratio of the content of B element (number of moles) to the content (number of moles) of metal element M2 (for example, Ti) is 0.01 to 0.4. It is preferable to contain a composite oxide phase, and in particular, the composite oxide phase is contained so that the molar ratio is 0.02 or more or 0.3 or less, and more preferably 0.03 or more or 0.2 or less. Is more preferable. If the molar ratio of the B element is 0.01 or more, the discharge capacity at a high temperature (for example, 45 ° C.) can be maintained. If the molar ratio of the B element is 0.4 or less, the initial capacity This is preferable because it suppresses the decrease.
- the metal element M1 is a substitution element that mainly contributes to developing an operating potential of 4.5 V or more at the metal Li reference potential, and examples thereof include Ni, Co, and Fe. Ni may be included as an essential component, and at least one of Co and Fe may be included as necessary, and other metal elements may be included as M1. Moreover, it is preferable that content of Ni is 2.5 times or more of content of boron (B).
- the metal element M2 is a substitution element that contributes mainly to stabilizing the crystal structure and enhancing the characteristics.
- a substitution element that contributes to improving the capacity retention rate for example, Mg, Ti, Al, Ba, Cr, and Nb And so on. It is only necessary to contain at least one of these Mg, Ti, Al, Ba, Cr and Nb, and M2 may contain another metal element.
- the composite containing Ni, Mn and B so as to contain the B element in a ratio of 0.3 to 15.0% by mass with respect to the Ti content it is preferable to contain an oxide phase, among which 1.0% by mass or more or 1% by mass or less, and among them, B element is contained in a proportion of 1.5% by mass or more or 10.0% by mass or less. It is more preferable to contain the complex oxide phase. If B element is contained in a proportion of 0.3% by mass or more with respect to the Ti content, the discharge capacity at a high temperature (for example, 45 ° C.) can be maintained, and B can be contained in a proportion of 15.0% by mass or less. The inclusion of an element is preferable because it suppresses a decrease in initial capacity.
- a spinel-type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide represented by the formula (1): Li [Li a Mn 2 -ac M1 b M2 c ] O 4- ⁇ can be given.
- “a” may be 0.00 to 1.0, particularly 0.01 or more and 0.5 or less, and more preferably 0.02 or more and 0.33 or less. Even more preferred.
- “B” indicating the content of M1 may be 0.30 to 0.70, more preferably 0.35 or more and 0.60 or less, and more preferably 0.40 or more and 0.60 or less. Even more preferred.
- C indicating the content of M2 may be 0.001 to 0.400, more preferably 0.002 or more and 0.100 or less, and more preferably 0.005 or more and 0.050 or less. Even more preferred. Note that “4- ⁇ ” in each of the above formulas indicates that oxygen deficiency may be included, and a part of oxygen may be substituted with fluorine.
- the spinel particles may contain other components as long as the functions of Li, Mn, M1, M2 and O are not completely hindered.
- other elements may be contained as long as each is 0.5 wt% or less. This is because it is considered that the amount of this amount hardly affects the performance of the present spinel particles.
- the spinel powder preferably has a D50 of 5 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m based on a volume-based particle size distribution obtained by measurement by a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution measurement method, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 40 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 13 ⁇ m or more or 30 ⁇ m or less. It is particularly preferred. If the spinel powder has a D50 of 5 to 40 ⁇ m, it is advantageous from the viewpoint of electrode production. Thus, in order to adjust D50 of this spinel powder to the said range, what is necessary is just to adjust baking conditions (temperature, time, atmosphere, etc.) and the crushing strength (baking machine rotation speed etc.) after baking. However, it is not limited to these methods.
- the ratio of D50 to the average primary particle diameter observed by SEM is preferably 1.0 to 6.0, more preferably 1.0 or more and 5.0 or less. 0 or more or 4.0 or less, more preferably 1.0 or more or 3.0 or less, and even more preferably 1.0 or more or 2.0 or less. If the ratio of D50 to the average diameter of the primary particles is 6.0 or less, the primary particles are sufficiently large and approach the monodispersion of the primary particles, so that an effect such as suppression of the reaction with the electrolytic solution can be obtained. it can.
- the ratio of the average diameter of the secondary particles to the average diameter of the primary particles is 1.0 to 3.0, it becomes substantially monodispersed, which is almost ideal from the viewpoint of suppressing reactivity.
- the firing conditions temperature, time, atmosphere, etc.
- the crushing strength after firing the crusher rotation speed, etc.
- primary particles mean the smallest unit particles surrounded by grain boundaries when observed with a SEM (scanning electron microscope, for example, 500 to 5000 times).
- the “present spinel particles” mean primary particles unless otherwise specified.
- the average primary particle diameter is observed with an SEM (scanning electron microscope, for example, 500 to 5000 times), and 30 primary particles are arbitrarily selected.
- the primary particle has a long diameter ( ⁇ m) and a short diameter.
- the primary particle diameter is calculated by measuring the diameter ( ⁇ m) and dividing the sum of these by 2 and the 30 primary particle diameters are averaged to obtain the “average primary particle diameter”. it can.
- the “secondary particles” mean particles that agglomerate such that a plurality of primary particles share a part of their outer periphery (grain boundary) and are isolated from other particles. is there.
- standard particle size distribution obtained by measuring by the laser diffraction scattering type particle size distribution measuring method has a meaning as an alternative value of the average diameter of the particle
- the specific surface area of the present spinel particles is preferably 1.00 m 2 / g or less, particularly 0.10 m 2 / g or more or 0.90 m 2 / g or less, of which 0.80 m 2 / g or less, 0.50 m 2 / g or less, preferably at 0.40 m 2 / g or less among them, even more preferably still 0.30 m 2 / g or less among them.
- this spinel powder has a specific surface area comparable to that of the conventional spinel-type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide, it can suppress the reaction with the electrolytic solution, and the discharge capacity retention rate It is characterized by its superiority.
- This spinel powder is prepared by mixing raw materials such as lithium salt compound, manganese salt compound, M1 metal salt compound, M2 metal salt compound and boron (B) compound, pulverizing them with a wet pulverizer, etc. It can be obtained by granulating and drying using a machine or the like, firing, heat-treating as necessary, and further classifying as necessary.
- the manufacturing method of this spinel powder is not limited to this manufacturing method.
- a granulated powder for firing may be produced by a so-called coprecipitation method.
- lithium salt compound examples include lithium hydroxide (LiOH), lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), lithium nitrate (LiNO 3 ), LiOH ⁇ H 2 O, lithium oxide (Li 2 O), other fatty acid lithium and lithium halogen. And the like.
- lithium hydroxide salts, carbonates and nitrates are preferred.
- the manganese salt compound is not particularly limited. For example, manganese carbonate, manganese nitrate, manganese chloride, manganese dioxide, dimanganese trioxide, trimanganese tetroxide and the like can be used, and among these, manganese carbonate and manganese dioxide are preferable.
- electrolytic manganese dioxide obtained by an electrolytic method is particularly preferable.
- M1 metal salt compound and M2 metal salt compound carbonates, nitrates, chlorides, oxyhydroxides, hydroxides, etc. of M1 or M2 metals can be used.
- the boron compound may be a compound containing boron (B element).
- B element boron
- boric acid or lithium borate examples include lithium metaborate (LiBO 2 ), lithium tetraborate (Li 2 B 4 O 7 ), lithium pentaborate (LiB 5 O 8 ), and lithium perborate (Li 2 B 2 O 5 ).
- lithium borate include lithium metaborate (LiBO 2 ), lithium tetraborate (Li 2 B 4 O 7 ), lithium pentaborate (LiB 5 O 8 ), and lithium perborate (Li 2 B 2 O 5 ).
- LiBO 2 lithium metaborate
- Li 2 B 4 O 7 lithium tetraborate
- LiB 5 O 8 lithium pentaborate
- lithium perborate Li 2 B 2 O 5
- the mixing of the raw materials is preferably performed by adding a liquid medium such as water or a dispersant and wet mixing to form a slurry, and the obtained slurry is preferably pulverized by a wet pulverizer.
- a liquid medium such as water or a dispersant and wet mixing
- dry pulverization may be performed.
- the granulation method may be wet or dry as long as the various raw materials pulverized in the previous step are dispersed in the granulated particles without being separated, and the extrusion granulation method, rolling granulation method, fluidized granulation method, A mixed granulation method, a spray drying granulation method, a pressure molding granulation method, or a flake granulation method using a roll or the like may be used.
- wet granulation it is necessary to sufficiently dry before firing.
- a drying method it may be dried by a known drying method such as a spray heat drying method, a hot air drying method, a vacuum drying method, a freeze drying method, etc. Among them, the spray heat drying method is preferable.
- the spray heat drying method is preferably performed using a heat spray dryer (spray dryer).
- Firing is performed at a temperature of 800 to 1000 ° C., particularly 900 to 1000 ° C. in a firing furnace in an air atmosphere, an atmosphere in which oxygen partial pressure is adjusted, a carbon dioxide gas atmosphere, or other atmosphere. It means that the temperature when the thermocouple is brought into contact with the fired product in the furnace is preferably fired so as to hold for 0.5 to 300 hours. At this time, it is preferable to select firing conditions in which the transition metal is solid-solved at the atomic level and exhibits a single phase.
- the kind of baking furnace is not specifically limited. For example, it can be fired using a rotary kiln, a stationary furnace, or other firing furnace.
- the heat treatment is preferably performed in an atmosphere of 500 ° C. to 800 ° C., preferably 700 ° C. or higher or 800 ° C. or lower for 0.5 to 300 hours to facilitate oxygen uptake. At this time, if the temperature is lower than 700 ° C., it is difficult to obtain the effect of the heat treatment and oxygen may not be taken in. On the other hand, if the heat treatment is performed at a temperature higher than 800 ° C., the desorption of oxygen starts and the intended effect of the present invention cannot be obtained.
- This spinel powder can exhibit an operating potential of 4.5 V or more (5 V class) at the metal Li reference potential, and is excellent in discharge capacity retention ratio during a high temperature (for example, 45 ° C.) cycle. Therefore, the spinel powder can be effectively used as a positive electrode active material for various lithium batteries, for example, after being crushed and classified as necessary.
- this spinel powder is used as a positive electrode active material for various lithium batteries
- the spinel powder a conductive material made of carbon black or the like, and a binder made of Teflon (registered trademark) binder or the like are mixed.
- a mixture can be produced.
- a positive electrode mixture is used for the positive electrode
- a material that can occlude and desorb lithium such as lithium or carbon is used for the negative electrode
- a lithium salt such as lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) is used for the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- LiPF6 lithium hexafluorophosphate
- a lithium battery can be formed using a material dissolved in a mixed solvent such as ethylene carbonate-dimethyl carbonate.
- Lithium batteries configured in this way are, for example, notebook computers, mobile phones, cordless phones, video movies, LCD TVs, electric shavers, portable radios, headphone stereos, backup power supplies, memory cards and other electronic devices, pacemakers, hearing aids It can be used as a drive power source for medical equipment such as electric vehicles.
- mobile phones that require excellent cycle characteristics
- portable computers such as PDAs (personal digital assistants) and notebook computers
- electric vehicles including hybrid vehicles
- power sources for power storage etc. It is valid.
- each numerical range defined in the present invention includes a range that falls within the range of the upper limit value and the lower limit value when rounded off. Is within the range.
- Example 1 Lithium carbonate, electrolytic manganese dioxide, nickel hydroxide, titanium oxide, and lithium tetraborate (Li 2 B 4 O 7 ) were weighed so as to have the molar ratios shown in Table 3 (the blending amount was as shown in Table 1). 1), water was added and mixed and stirred to prepare a slurry having a solid content concentration of 10 wt%. To the obtained slurry (500 g of raw material powder), 6 wt% of a polycarboxylic acid ammonium salt (SN Dispersant 5468 manufactured by San Nopco Co., Ltd.) as a dispersant was added, and pulverized with a wet pulverizer at 1300 rpm for 20 minutes.
- SN Dispersant 5468 manufactured by San Nopco Co., Ltd.
- the average particle size (D50) was 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the obtained pulverized slurry was granulated and dried using a thermal spray dryer (spray dryer, “i-8” manufactured by Okawara Chemical Co., Ltd.). At this time, a rotating disk was used for spraying, and granulation drying was performed by adjusting the temperature so that the rotation speed was 24,000 rpm, the slurry supply amount was 12 kg / hr, and the outlet temperature of the drying tower was 100 ° C.
- the obtained granulated powder was baked at 950 ° C. for 70 hours in the air using a stationary electric furnace and then heat-treated at 700 ° C. for 70 hours in the air.
- the fired powder obtained by the heat treatment was classified with a sieve having an opening of 75 ⁇ m to obtain a spinel-type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide powder (sample).
- Example 2-4 A spinel-type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide powder (sample) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the firing temperature was changed to 850 ° C. in Example 2, 900 ° C. in Example 3, and 970 ° C. in Example 4. Obtained.
- Example 5 The spinel-type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide powder (sample) obtained in Example 1 was pulverized to obtain a spinel-type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide powder (sample) having a D50 of 10 ⁇ m.
- Example 6-10> Other than changing the blending amount of lithium tetraborate (Li 2 B 4 O 7 ) while adjusting the molar ratio to be similar to the spinel type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide powder (sample) obtained in Example 1 Obtained spinel-type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide powder (sample) in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 11-12 A spinel type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide powder (sample) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composition of the raw materials was changed as appropriate to obtain the molar ratio shown in Table 3.
- the unit shown in Table 1 was wt%, but it was erroneous. Correctly, it was a molar ratio for Li, Mn, Ni, and Ti. About B, it was the number of moles of B in 100 g of the spinel type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide obtained above.
- Example 13 A spinel-type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide powder (sample) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composition of the raw materials was changed as appropriate to obtain the molar ratio shown in Table 3 and the firing temperature was 880 ° C. It was.
- Example 14 A spinel-type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide powder (sample) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 13, except that the composition of the raw materials was changed as appropriate to obtain the molar ratio shown in Table 3.
- Examples 15-16> Other than changing the blending amount of lithium tetraborate (Li 2 B 4 O 7 ) while adjusting the molar ratio to be the same as the spinel type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide powder (sample) obtained in Example 14 Obtained spinel-type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide powder (sample) in the same manner as in Example 14.
- Table 2 shows the results of ICP analysis of the spinel-type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide powders (samples) obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples, and the contents of each element were measured.
- SPS-3520V manufactured by SII Nanotechnology was used, and the measurement wavelength of the Li analytical line was 610.362 nm.
- Ni 5 MnO 4 (BO 3 ) 2 compound assumed to exist as, Ni 5 MnO 4 where it is assumed to be present (BO 3) 2 minutes corresponding to compounds Ni and 5V class spinel spinel type lithium manganese which shows the working potential of 4.5V or more (5V class) at the metal Li reference potential from the contents of the remaining Ni and Mn excluding Mn and the contents of Li, Ti and Al.
- the composition ratio as a nickel containing complex oxide was shown.
- XRD measurement XRD measurement was performed under the following conditions using an apparatus name “D8 ADVANCE manufactured by Bruker AXS Co., Ltd.” to obtain an XRD pattern.
- XRD measurement conditions Radiation source: CuK ⁇ , operation axis: 2 ⁇ / ⁇ , measurement method: continuous, counting unit: cps Start angle: 10 °, end angle: 120 °, Detector: PSD Detector Type: VANTEC-1 High Voltage: 5585V Discr. Lower Level: 0.35V Discr.
- the average diameter of the primary particles of the spinel-type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide powder (sample) obtained in the examples and comparative examples was measured as follows. Using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), the sample (powder) was observed at 500 to 5000 times, 30 primary particles were randomly selected, and the major axis ( ⁇ m) and minor axis ( ⁇ m) of the primary particles were selected. ), The primary particle diameter is calculated by the procedure of dividing the sum of the long diameter ( ⁇ m) and the short diameter ( ⁇ m) by 2, and the average value of 30 primary particle diameters is the average diameter of the primary particles. And are shown in Table 4.
- the water-soluble solvent used in the measurement was passed through a 60 ⁇ m filter, the solvent refractive index was 1.33, the particle permeability was transmissive, the particle refractive index was 2.46, the shape was non-spherical, and the measurement range was 0.133. ⁇ 704.0 ⁇ m, the measurement time was 30 seconds, and the average value measured twice was D50.
- a 2032 type coin battery was produced using the spinel type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide powder (sample) produced in Examples and Comparative Examples as a positive electrode active material, and the following battery performance evaluation test was performed using this. .
- a copper foil having a thickness of 18 ⁇ m was used as the negative electrode current collector.
- 92 wt% of graphite as an active material and 8 wt% of PVDF as a binder were mixed, and NMP was added to prepare a paste. This paste was uniformly applied to the negative electrode current collector and dried at 100 ° C. Then, it pressed to thickness 80micrometer and produced the negative electrode sheet.
- the positive electrode sheet obtained above is punched to a size of ⁇ 13 to make a positive electrode, while the negative electrode sheet obtained above is punched to a size of ⁇ 14 to make a negative electrode, and a carbonate-based mixed solvent between the positive electrode and the negative electrode
- a separator made of a porous polyethylene film impregnated with an electrolytic solution in which LiPF 6 was dissolved at 1 mol / L was placed thereon, and a 2032 type coin battery was produced.
- the reason why the spinel-type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide powder containing the crystal phase of Ni 5 MnO 4 (BO 3 ) 2 is excellent in the discharge capacity maintenance rate at a high temperature (for example, 45 ° C.) is as follows:
- the spinel-type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide particles are coated with a composite oxide containing Ni, Mn, and B on the surface of the spinel-type lithium manganese nickel-containing composite oxide particles. It is presumed that the reaction can be suppressed, and as a result, the discharge capacity can be maintained even at a high temperature. Since such an effect is an effect resulting from the inclusion of the crystal phase of Ni 5 MnO 4 (BO 3 ) 2 , the same can be said for other 5V class spinels having the same problem. Can think.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の実施形態の一例に係るスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物は、空間群Fd-3mに属する結晶構造を有するリチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物であり、LiMn2O4-δにおけるMnサイトの一部を、Liと、Niを含む金属元素M1と、他の金属元素M2とで置換してなる結晶相を含むスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物粒子(「本スピネル粒子」と称する)を主成分として含有する粉末であり、且つ、Ni、Mn及びBを含む複合酸化物相を含有することを特徴とする粉末(「本スピネル粉末」と称する)である。
Ni5MnO4(BO3)2の結晶相を含有することは、X線回折(XRD)により得られた回折パターンを、PDF(Powder Diffraction File)番号「01-079-1029」と照合することにより確認することができる。
Ni、Mn及びBを含む前記複合酸化物は、本スピネル粒子の表面や粒界に存在しているものと推察される。
B元素の含有量が0.02質量%以上であれば、高温(例えば45℃)での放電容量を維持することができ、B元素の含有量が0.80質量%以下であればレート特性を維持することができるから、好ましい。
また、Niの含有量は、ホウ素(B)の含有量の2.5倍以上であるのが好ましい。
Tiの含有量に対して0.3質量%以上の割合でB元素を含有すれば、高温(例えば45℃)での放電容量を維持することができ、15.0質量%以下の割合でB元素を含有すれば、初期容量の低下を抑えることとなり好ましい。
上記式(1)において、「a」は、0.00~1.0であればよく、中でも0.01以上或いは0.5以下、その中でも0.02以上或いは0.33以下であるのがより一層好ましい。
M1の含有量を示す「b」は、0.30~0.70であればよく、中でも0.35以上或いは0.60以下、その中でも0.40以上或いは0.60以下であるのがより一層好ましい。
M2の含有量を示す「c」は、0.001~0.400であればよく、中でも0.002以上或いは0.100以下、その中でも0.005以上或いは0.050以下であるのがより一層好ましい。
なお、上記各式における「4-δ」は、酸素欠損を含んでいてもよいことを示しており、酸素の一部がフッ素で置換されていてもよい。
本スピネル粉末は、レーザー回折散乱式粒度分布測定法により測定して得られる体積基準粒度分布によるD50が5μm~40μmであるのが好ましく、中でも10μm以上或いは40μm以下、その中でも13μm以上或いは30μm以下であるのが特に好ましい。
本スピネル粉末のD50が5μm~40μmであれば、電極作製上の観点から好都合である。
このように本スピネル粉末のD50を上記範囲に調整するには、焼成条件(温度、時間、雰囲気など)や焼成後の解砕強度(解砕機回転数など)を調整すればよい。但し、これらの方法に限定するものではない。
本スピネル粉末は、SEMで観察される1次粒子の平均径に対する上記D50の比率が1.0~6.0であるのが好ましく、中でも1.0以上或いは5.0以下、その中でも1.0以上或いは4.0以下、さらにその中でも1.0以上或いは3.0以下、さらにその中でも1.0以上或いは2.0以下であるのがより一層好ましい。
1次粒子の平均径に対するD50の比率が6.0以下であれば、1次粒子が十分に大きく、1次粒子の単分散に近づくことから電解液との反応抑制などの効果を得ることができる。他方、1次粒子の平均径に対する2次粒子の平均径の比率が1.0~3.0であれば、実質の単分散となり、反応性抑制の観点からは理想に近い状態となる。
このように1次粒子の平均径に対する2次粒子の平均径の比率を上記範囲に調整するには、焼成条件(温度、時間、雰囲気など)や焼成後の解砕強度(解砕機回転数など)を調整すればよい。但し、これらの方法に限定するものではない。
そして、1次粒子の平均径は、SEM(走査電子顕微鏡、例えば500~5000倍)で観察して、任意に30個の1次粒子を選択し、各1次粒子の長径(μm)と短径(μm)を測定し、これらの和を2で除するという手順で1次粒子径を算出し、30個の1次粒子径を平均して「1次粒子の平均径」を求めることができる。
他方、本発明において「2次粒子」とは、複数の1次粒子がそれぞれの外周(粒界)の一部を共有するようにして凝集し、他の粒子と孤立した粒子を意味するものである。
そして、レーザー回折散乱式粒度分布測定法により測定して得られる体積基準粒度分布によるD50は、これら1次粒子及び2次粒子を含めた粒子の平均径の代替値としての意味を有する。
本スピネル粒子の比表面積は、1.00m2/g以下であるのが好ましく、中でも0.10m2/g以上或いは0.90m2/g以下、その中でも0.80m2/g以下、その中でも0.50m2/g以下、その中でも0.40m2/g以下であるのが好ましく、さらにその中でも0.30m2/g以下であるのがさらに好ましい。
一般的に、比表面積が大きくなれば電解液との反応性が高くなり、容量維持率は低下するのが技術常識である。ところが、本スピネル粉末は、従来のスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物と同程度の比表面積を有しているにもかかわらず、電解液との反応を抑制することができ、放電容量維持率に優れている点に特徴がある。
本スピネル粉末は、原料、例えばリチウム塩化合物、マンガン塩化合物、M1金属塩化合物、M2金属塩化合物及びホウ素(B)化合物などの原料を混合し、湿式粉砕機等で粉砕した後、熱噴霧乾燥機等を用いて造粒乾燥させ、焼成し、必要に応じて熱処理し、さらに必要に応じて分級して得ることができる。ただし、本スピネル粉末の製造方法がかかる製造方法に限定されるものではない。例えば所謂共沈法によって焼成に供する造粒粉を作製してもよい。
マンガン塩化合物としては、特に限定するものではない。例えば炭酸マンガン、硝酸マンガン、塩化マンガン、二酸化マンガン、三酸化二マンガン、四酸化三マンガンなどを用いることができ、中でも炭酸マンガン、二酸化マンガンが好ましい。その中でも、電解法によって得られる電解二酸化マンガンが特に好ましい。
M1金属塩化合物及びM2金属塩化合物としては、M1又はM2金属の炭酸塩、硝酸塩、塩化物、オキシ水酸化塩、水酸化物などを用いることができる。
そして、平均粒径(D50)が0.2μm~1.0μmとなるように粉砕するのが好ましい。
焼成炉の種類は特に限定するものではない。例えばロータリーキルン、静置炉、その他の焼成炉を用いて焼成することができる。
本スピネル粉末は、金属Li基準電位で4.5V以上(5V級)の作動電位を示すことができ、高温(例えば45℃)サイクル中の放電容量維持率に優れている。
よって、本スピネル粉末は、例えば、必要に応じて解砕・分級した後、各種リチウム電池の正極活物質として有効に利用することができる。
本明細書において「X~Y」(X,Yは任意の数字)と表現する場合、特にことわらない限り「X以上Y以下」の意と共に、「好ましくはXより大きい」或いは「好ましくはYより小さい」の意も包含する。
また、「X以上」(Xは任意の数字)或いは「Y以下」(Yは任意の数字)と表現した場合、「Xより大きいことが好ましい」或いは「Y未満であることが好ましい」旨の意図も包含する。
炭酸リチウムと、電解二酸化マンガンと、水酸化ニッケルと、酸化チタンと、四硼酸リチウム(Li2B4O7)とを、表3に示したモル比となるように秤量し(配合量は表1参照)、水を加えて混合攪拌して固形分濃度10wt%のスラリーを調製した。
得られたスラリー(原料粉500g)に、分散剤としてポリカルボン酸アンモニウム塩(サンノプコ(株)製 SNディスパーサント5468)を前記スラリー固形分の6wt%添加し、湿式粉砕機で1300rpm、20分間粉砕して平均粒径(D50)を0.5μm以下とした。
得られた粉砕スラリーを熱噴霧乾燥機(スプレードライヤー、大川原化工機(株)製「i-8」)を用いて造粒乾燥させた。この際、噴霧には回転ディスクを用い、回転数24000rpm、スラリー供給量12kg/hr、乾燥塔の出口温度100℃となるように温度を調節して造粒乾燥を行なった。
表3に示したモル比となるように、炭酸リチウム、電解二酸化マンガン及び水酸化ニッケルを秤量し、四硼酸リチウム(Li2B4O7)を配合しなかった以外は、実施例1と同様にスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物粉末(サンプル)を得た。
焼成温度を、実施例2では850℃、実施例3では900℃、実施例4では970℃に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物粉末(サンプル)を得た。
実施例1で得たスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物粉末(サンプル)を粉砕して、D50が10μmであるスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物粉末(サンプル)を得た。
実施例1で得たスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物粉末(サンプル)と同様のモル比となるように調整しつつ、四硼酸リチウム(Li2B4O7)の配合量を変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物粉末(サンプル)を得た。
原料の配合組成を適宜変更して、表3に示したモル比とした以外は、実施例1と同様にスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物粉末(サンプル)を得た。
原料の配合組成を適宜変更して、表3に示したモル比とし、焼成温度を880℃とした以外は、実施例1と同様にスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物粉末(サンプル)を得た。
原料の配合組成を適宜変更して、表3に示したモル比とした以外は、実施例13と同様にスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物粉末(サンプル)を得た。
実施例14で得たスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物粉末(サンプル)と同様のモル比となるように調整しつつ、四硼酸リチウム(Li2B4O7)の配合量を変更した以外は、実施例14と同様にスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物粉末(サンプル)を得た。
実施例及び比較例で得られたスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物粉末(サンプル)について、ICP分析して各元素の含有量を測定した結果を表2に示した。測定には、SIIナノテクノロジー社製SPS-3520Vを使用し、Li分析線の測定波長は610.362nmを用いた。
また、表3には、ホウ素(B)が、Ni5MnO4(BO3)2化合物として存在すると仮定し、存在すると仮定したNi5MnO4(BO3)2化合物に相当する分のNi及びMnを除いた残りのNi及びMnの含有量と、Li、Ti及びAlの含有量とから、金属Li基準電位で4.5V以上(5V級)の作動電位を示す5V級スピネルスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物としての組成比を示した。
実施例及び比較例で得られたスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物粉末(サンプル)の各種物性値を次のように測定した。
実施例及び比較例で得られたスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物粉末(サンプル)の比表面積を次のようにして測定し、表4に示した。
先ず、サンプル(粉体)0.5gを流動方式ガス吸着法比表面積測定装置MONOSORB LOOP(ユアサアイオニクス株式会社製「製品名MS‐18」)用ガラスセルに秤量し、前記MONOSORB LOOP用前処理装置にて、30mL/minのガス量にて5分間窒素ガスでガラスセル内を置換した後、前記窒素ガス雰囲気中で250℃10分間、熱処理を行った。その後、前記MONOSORB LOOPを用い、サンプル(粉体)をBET一点法にて測定した。
なお、測定時の吸着ガスは、窒素30%:ヘリウム70%の混合ガスを用いた。
XRD測定は、装置名「ブルカー・エイエックスエス株式会社製D8 ADVANCE」を用い、下記条件で測定を行ってXRDパターンを得た。
線源:CuKα、操作軸:2θ/θ、測定方法:連続、計数単位:cps
開始角度:10°、終了角度:120°、
Detector:PSD
Detector Type:VANTEC-1
High Voltage:5585V
Discr. Lower Level:0.35V
Discr. Window Width:0.15V
Grid Lower Level:0.075V
Grid Window Width:0.524V
Flood Field Correction:Disabled
Primary radius:250mm
Secondary radius:250mm
Receiving slit width:0.1436626mm
Divergence angle:0.3°
Filament Length:12mm
Sample Length:25mm
Recieving Slit Length:12mm
Primary Sollers:2.623°
Secondary Sollers:2.623°
Lorentzian,1/Cos:0.004933548Th
但し、実施例13~16については、精度をより高めるために、上記「Discr. Window Width」を0.25Vに設定して測定した。
実施例及び比較例で得られたスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物粉末(サンプル)の1次粒子の平均径を、次のように測定した。
SEM(走査電子顕微鏡)を用いて、サンプル(粉体)を500~5000倍で観察し、30個の1次粒子をランダムに選択し、該1次粒子の長径(μm)と短径(μm)を測定し、長径(μm)と短径(μm)の和を2で除するという手順で1次粒子径を算出し、1次粒子径の30個の平均値を1次粒子の平均径として算出し、表4に示した。
実施例及び比較例で得られたスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物粉末(サンプル)について、レーザー回折粒子径分布測定装置用自動試料供給機(日機装株式会社製「Microtorac SDC」)を用い、サンプル(粉体)を水溶性溶媒に投入し、40%の流速中、40Wの超音波を360秒間照射した後、日機装株式会社製レーザー回折粒度分布測定機「MT3000II」を用いて粒度分布を測定し、得られた体積基準粒度分布のチャートからD50を求めて、表4に示した。
なお、測定の際の水溶性溶媒は60μmのフィルターを通し、溶媒屈折率を1.33、粒子透過性条件を透過、粒子屈折率2.46、形状を非球形とし、測定レンジを0.133~704.0μm、測定時間を30秒とし、2回測定した平均値をD50とした。
実施例及び比較例で作製したスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物粉末(サンプル)を正極活物質として用いて2032型コイン電池を作製し、これを用いて以下に示す電池性能評価試験を行った。
実施例及び比較例で作製したスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物粉末(サンプル)89wt%と、導電助材としてのアセチレンブラック5wt%と、結着材としてのPVDF6wt%とを混合し、NMP(N-メチルピロリドン)を加えてペースト状に調整した。このペーストを厚さ15μmのAl箔集電体に塗布し、120℃で乾燥させた。その後、厚さ80μmにプレスして正極シートを作製した。
上記で得られた正極シートをφ13の大きさに打ち抜いて正極とする一方、上記で得られた負極シートをφ14の大きさに打ち抜いて負極とし、正極と負極の間に、カーボネート系の混合溶媒に、LiPF6を1mol/Lになるように溶解させた電解液を含浸させたセパレータ(多孔性ポリエチレンフィルム製)を置き、2032型コイン電池を作製した。
上記した方法で作製した2032型コイン電池を用いて充放電を行い、次のように45℃での放電容量維持率を評価した。
コイン電池を25℃において0.1C電流値で充放電サイクルを3サイクル行い、その後、45℃の環境下で0.5Cの充放電性能を評価した。
充放電電圧範囲は、3.0~4.9Vとした。そして、45℃の環境下で充放電の1サイクル目の放電容量に対して80%に到達するまでのサイクル数(80%放電容量維持サイクル数)を求め、表4に示した。
実施例1-16で得られたスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物粉末(サンプル)が、金属Li基準電位で4.5V以上の作動電位を有することは確認済みである。
そして、このようにNi5MnO4(BO3)2の結晶相を含んでいるスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物粉末(実施例1―16)は、該結晶相を含まないスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物粉末(比較例1)に比べて、高温(例えば45℃)での放電容量維持率に優れていることが分かった。
このようにNi5MnO4(BO3)2の結晶相を含んでいるスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物粉末が高温(例えば45℃)での放電容量維持率に優れている理由としては、おそらくスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物粒子の表面における活性の高い箇所を、Ni、Mn及びBを含む複合酸化物で被覆することで、スピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物と電解液との反応を抑制することができ、その結果、高温においても放電容量を維持することができるものと推察される。
このような効果は、Ni5MnO4(BO3)2の結晶相を含んでいることに起因する効果であるから、同様の課題を有する他の5V級スピネルについても、同様なことが言えると考えることができる。
Claims (11)
- 金属Li基準電位で4.5V以上の作動電位を有するスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物において、Ni、Mn及びBを含む複合酸化物相を含有することを特徴とするスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物。
- 金属Li基準電位で4.5V以上の作動電位を有するスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物において、LiMn2O4-δにおけるMnサイトの一部を、Liと、
Niを含む金属元素M1(M1はNi、Co及びFeのうちの少なくとも一種を含む金属元素)と、他の金属元素M2(M2はMg、Ti、Al、Ba、Cr及びNbのうちの少なくとも一種を含む金属元素)とで置換してなる結晶相を含有するスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物であって、Ni、Mn及びBを含む複合酸化物相を含有することを特徴とするスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物。 - Ni、Mn及びBを含む前記複合酸化物相として、Ni5MnO4(BO3)2の結晶相を含有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物。
- 金属元素M2含有量に対するB元素含有量のモル比率が0.01~0.4であることを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れかに記載のスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物。
- 金属Li基準電位で4.5V以上の作動電位を有するスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物において、LiMn2O4-δにおけるMnサイトの一部を、Liと、Niを含む金属元素M1(M1はNi、Co及びFeのうちの少なくとも一種を含む金属元素)と、他の金属元素M2(M2は少なくともTiを含む金属元素)とで置換してなる結晶相を含有するスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物であって、Ni、Mn及びBを含む複合酸化物相を含有し、且つ、Tiの含有量に対して0.3~15.0質量%の割合でB元素を含有することを特徴とするスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物。
- スピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物中のB元素の含有量が0.02~0.60質量%であることを特徴とする請求項1~5の何れかに記載のスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物。
- 比表面積が1.00m2/g以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~6の何れかに記載のスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物。
- SEMで観察される1次粒子の平均径に対する、レーザー回折散乱式粒度分布測定法により測定して得られる体積基準粒度分布によるD50の比率が1.0~6.0であることを特徴とする請求項1~7の何れかに記載のスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物。
- レーザー回折散乱式粒度分布測定法により測定して得られる体積基準粒度分布によるD50が5μm~40μmであることを特徴とする請求項1~8の何れかに記載のスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物。
- レーザー回折散乱式粒度分布測定法により測定して得られる体積基準粒度分布によるD50が10μm~40μmであることを特徴とする請求項1~8の何れかに記載のスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物。
- 請求項1~10の何れかに記載されたスピネル型リチウムマンガンニッケル含有複合酸化物を正極活物質として備えたリチウム二次電池。
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| JPWO2016175313A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-30 | 2018-02-22 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 5v級スピネル型リチウムマンガン含有複合酸化物 |
| JPWO2016175312A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-30 | 2018-02-22 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 5v級スピネル型リチウムマンガン含有複合酸化物 |
| WO2016175313A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-30 | 2016-11-03 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 5v級スピネル型リチウムマンガン含有複合酸化物 |
| JP2017100904A (ja) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-06-08 | 日揮触媒化成株式会社 | マンガン酸リチウム、該マンガン酸リチウムを含む正極、および該正極を備えるリチウムイオン二次電池 |
| JP2018206554A (ja) * | 2017-06-01 | 2018-12-27 | 日亜化学工業株式会社 | 非水系電解質二次電池用正極活物質及びその製造方法 |
| US11296317B2 (en) | 2017-06-01 | 2022-04-05 | Nichia Corporation | Positive-electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and method of producing the same |
| US11862796B2 (en) | 2017-06-01 | 2024-01-02 | Nichia Corporation | Positive-electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and method of producing the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP5572268B1 (ja) | 2014-08-13 |
| EP2725642A4 (en) | 2015-04-01 |
| KR101487468B1 (ko) | 2015-01-28 |
| KR20140040828A (ko) | 2014-04-03 |
| JPWO2014030764A1 (ja) | 2016-08-08 |
| JP2014130851A (ja) | 2014-07-10 |
| US20140252268A1 (en) | 2014-09-11 |
| EP2725642A1 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
| US9240595B2 (en) | 2016-01-19 |
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