WO2014017319A1 - フィラグリン産生促進剤、フィラグリン産生低下に伴う疾患治療剤及び当該治療剤のスクリーニング方法 - Google Patents
フィラグリン産生促進剤、フィラグリン産生低下に伴う疾患治療剤及び当該治療剤のスクリーニング方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a filaggrin (FLG) production promoter comprising a specific G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) agonist as an active ingredient, a therapeutic agent for a disease associated with a decrease in filaggrin production, and the treatment
- FLG filaggrin
- GPR G protein-coupled receptor
- the stratum corneum (stratum corneum) regularly layered from several layers to several tens of layers located on the outermost layer of the epidermis functions as a barrier layer against intrusion of substances and allergens from outside, ultraviolet rays and the like.
- the stratum corneum has an action of suppressing the release of moisture from the body and a function of retaining the moisture of the stratum corneum itself in order to protect itself from drying of the external environment.
- a natural moisturizing factor (NMF) is known as one having an action of retaining moisture in the stratum corneum itself.
- the amino acid which is the main component of NMF, is known to have a high correlation with the amount of water in the stratum corneum, and is extremely important for retention of water in the stratum corneum.
- This amino acid is produced by the degradation of filaggrin from keratohyalin granules in the stratum corneum. Filaggrin is expressed as profilagrin in epidermal keratinocytes, phosphorylates immediately and accumulates in keratohyalin granules.
- profilagrin is a histidine-rich protein of about 400 KDa, and binds 10-12 tandems using filaggrin consisting of 324 amino acids (hereinafter also simply referred to as “FLG” or “FLG monomer”) as a repeating unit. Is. Thereafter, profilagrin (proFLG) is decomposed into FLG through dephosphorylation and hydrolysis, and transferred to the stratum corneum. In the stratum corneum, FLG increases the efficiency of keratin filament aggregation and is involved in the internal organization of keratinocytes (J. Invest. Dermatol. (1994) 103 (5): 731-740, J. Cell Science (2009) 122 (9): 1285-1294). Thus, FLG plays an important role in the barrier function of the skin.
- Atopic dermatitis is a frequent intractable allergic disease found in about 20% of children in developed countries.
- the cause of atopic dermatitis is still unclear, and in addition to genetic factors, various factors such as environmental factors, food, mental stress, systemic and local infection are considered to be involved.
- Atopic dermatitis can be classified into a type in which the amount of IgE antibody is elevated (exogenous atopic dermatitis) and a normal type (endogenous atopic dermatitis). Endogenous atopic dermatitis is caused by factors such as mental stress, and this type often has no change in the FLG gene.
- exogenous atopic dermatitis is often associated with the above-described mutation of the FLG gene.
- the basic treatment of such atopic dermatitis is performed by a combination of removal of onset / deteriorating factors, correction of abnormal skin function, and drug therapy for suppressing inflammation.
- main skin function abnormalities in atopic dermatitis include a decrease in water retention ability and barrier function of the stratum corneum, a decrease in itch threshold, and easy infectivity.
- Pharmacological treatment for the decrease in water retention ability / barrier function of the stratum corneum, stagnation threshold, and susceptibility to infection is distinguished by the prescription subject and prescription time.
- itching includes peripheral itching involving histamine and itch substance produced by eosinophils and central itching involving opioid receptors.
- a drug for treating such itch is prescribed according to the level of itch.
- the degree of itch is diagnosed in stages from “I don't feel itch” to “I can't stand itch”, and an antipruritic agent is prescribed when an itch that doesn't stand can be developed.
- patients with atopic dermatitis are susceptible to skin infections such as contagious impetigo, herpes simplex, molluscum contagiosum, that is, if they are diagnosed as easily infectious, there are drugs for those infections. To be prescribed.
- drugs for lowering the water retention ability and barrier function of the stratum corneum are related to the water retention ability and barrier function of the stratum corneum by reducing FLG production, regardless of the degree of itching, the onset of itching, or the onset of infection It is prescribed for patients with atopic dermatitis that has decreased.
- Patent Document 1 JP 2009-256269 A
- Patent Document 2 JP 2003-146886 A
- glycolipids Patent Document 3
- Naturally occurring components such as rosmarinic acid and eriodictyol-7-O-rutinoside
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2010-90037
- Development of a safe and highly effective substance having a FLG production promoting action that can be used for the treatment / prevention of skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis is desired.
- the target receptor of such a substance is unknown, and therefore, it is not possible to screen for a substance having a FLG production promoting action systematically.
- G protein-coupled receptor 142 (hereinafter simply referred to as “GPR142”) is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor (orphan GPR) belonging to the rhodopsin family.
- Human GPR142 is a protein consisting of a 462 amino acid sequence (FEBS Letters 554 (2003) 381-388). It has been reported that mouse Pgr (GPR142) is expressed on the islets of Langerhans (Cell 135, 561-571, Supplemental Data (2008)). In addition, it has been reported that mRNA of mouse GPR142 is expressed in the brain, spleen, liver, kidney and testis (Neuropharmacology 50 (2006): 512-520).
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-175687 discloses that cells are applied by applying a cyclic AMP (cyclic AMP or cAMP) antagonist after applying tape stripping to the skin of a hairless mouse to physically destroy the skin barrier. It has been described to reduce the level of internal calcium and restore the barrier. However, there is no description that cAMP antagonists restore skin barrier destruction associated with decreased production of FLG, nor that FLG production is promoted via GPR142.
- a cyclic AMP cyclic AMP or cAMP
- Patent Document 7 International Publication WO2002 / 074341 pamphlet describes N-quinolylbenzamide containing N- (4-amino-2-methyl-6-quinolyl) -2-[(4-ethylphenoxy) methyl] benzamide. It is described that a nociceptin antagonist such as a derivative is used as an antipruritic agent for the prevention and treatment of itch caused by a number of diseases such as pruritus-related diseases, local pruritus, and nodular prurigo. And atopic dermatitis is mentioned as one of the many diseases accompanied by pruritus.
- Patent Document 7 discloses that the N-quinolylbenzamide derivative has an effect of promoting FLG production, describes GPR142, and improves skin moisture retention ability and barrier function deterioration, thereby causing skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis. There is no description or suggestion that predicts that it can be used as a drug for the treatment. Further, Patent Document 7 does not have a test example using a model of itch that occurs specifically with atopic dermatitis.
- Patent Document 8 Patent No. 3013989, JP-A-11-335355 discloses N- (4-amino-2-methyl-6-quinolyl) -2-[(4-ethylphenoxy) as a nociceptin antagonist. Although N-quinolylbenzamide derivatives containing methyl] benzamide have been disclosed, analgesics are listed as their uses, but there is no description of GPR142 or FLG production promoting effect.
- Ivermectin is sold under the trade name stromecitol as a therapeutic agent for intestinal fecal nematosis and scabies.
- stromecitol a therapeutic agent for intestinal fecal nematosis and scabies.
- ivermectin has been reported to have an effect on a mouse model of allergic asthma (Inflammation Research (2011) 60 (6): 589-596), there is no description of GPR142 or FLG production promoting effect.
- JP 2009-256269 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-146886 JP 2006-241095 A JP 2010-90037 gazette International Publication WO2010 / 093849 Pamphlet JP 2004-175687 A International Publication WO2002 / 074341 Pamphlet Japanese Patent No. 3013989, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-335355
- An object of the present invention is to provide a therapeutic agent useful for the treatment of filaggrin (FLG) production promoter and diseases associated with decreased FLG production, particularly skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis. It is another object of the present invention to provide a screening method for a substance useful as the therapeutic agent.
- FLG filaggrin
- the present inventors diligently searched for a FLG production promoter and searched for a target receptor of the FLG production promoter. As a result, a specific G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) was obtained. It was found that the production of FLG is promoted. Furthermore, the present inventors have found that a compound having an agonistic action of a specific GPR promotes the production of FLG in the skin and improves the water retention ability and / or barrier function of the stratum corneum, thereby completing the present invention.
- GPR G protein-coupled receptor
- this invention consists of the following. 1. A therapeutic agent for diseases associated with a decrease in filaggrin (FLG) production comprising a GPR142 agonist as an active ingredient. 2. 2. The disease therapeutic agent according to 1 above, wherein the disease associated with decreased FLG production is a skin disease. 3. 3. The disease therapeutic agent according to 2 above, wherein the skin disease is atopic dermatitis. 4). 3. The disease therapeutic agent according to 2 above, wherein the skin disease is ichthyosis vulgaris. 5. Any of 1 to 4 above, wherein the GPR142 agonist is N- (4-amino-2-methyl-6-quinolyl) -2-[(4-ethylphenoxy) methyl] benzamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- FLG filaggrin
- R 1 and R 2 each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- R 3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- R 4 represents 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- 3 represents an alkoxycarbonyl group or a hydroxycarbonyl group
- R 5 , R 6 and R 7 each represent a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom.
- R 1 and R 2 represent a hydrogen atom
- R 3 represents a methyl group
- R 4 represents an ethoxycarbonyl group or a hydroxycarbonyl group
- R 5 , R 6 and R 7 represents a hydrogen atom. 8).
- a therapeutic agent for a disease associated with a decrease in FLG production comprising a GPR142 agonist as an active ingredient, the therapeutic agent for a disease associated with a decrease in FLG production for improving symptoms of a disease associated with a decrease in FLG production. 10. 10.
- the disease therapeutic agent according to 9 above, wherein the disease associated with decreased FLG production is a skin disease.
- Atopic dermatitis therapeutic agent for improving water retention ability and / or barrier function deterioration of the horny layer of skin associated with atopic dermatitis characterized by containing GPR142 agonist as an active ingredient Dermatitis treatment agent.
- a FLG production promoter containing a GPR142 agonist as an active ingredient characterized by administering an effective amount of a drug containing a GPR142 agonist as an active ingredient to a patient who exhibits symptoms of a disease associated with a decrease in FLG production, and improving the symptoms of the patient Method.
- An effective amount of a drug containing a GPR142 agonist as an active ingredient is administered to atopic dermatitis patients with reduced FLG production to improve the skin's stratum corneum abnormalities associated with atopic dermatitis And a method of treating atopic dermatitis.
- the screening method according to item 15 above which comprises the following steps (a) to (c): (a) contacting GPR142-expressing cells or a membrane fraction thereof with a test substance, (b) measuring the activity or expression of GPR142 in the cell or its membrane fraction after contact with the test substance, and (c) A step of selecting a substance that can promote the activity or expression of GPR142 in the cell or its membrane fraction. 17.
- the screening method according to 15 or 16 above, wherein the disease associated with decreased FLG production is a skin disease. 18.
- the skin disease is atopic dermatitis. 19. 19.
- a pharmaceutical composition for promoting FLG production comprising a GPR142 agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
- B A pharmaceutical composition for improving stratum corneum abnormality comprising a GPR142 agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
- C A skin moisturizing pharmaceutical composition comprising a GPR142 agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
- D A pharmaceutical composition for improving skin barrier function, comprising a GPR142 agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
- (E) The pharmaceutical composition according to the above (A) to (D), which is used for prevention or treatment of atopic dermatitis.
- (F) The pharmaceutical composition according to the above (A) to (D), wherein the disease is used for prevention or treatment of ichthyosis vulgaris.
- G) A pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating a disease associated with decreased FLG production, comprising a GPR142 agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
- (H) A pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating a disease associated with horny layer abnormality, comprising a GPR142 agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
- a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating a disease accompanied by a decrease in the ability to retain skin moisture comprising a GPR142 agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
- J A pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating a disease associated with a decrease in skin barrier function, comprising a GPR142 agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
- K The pharmaceutical composition according to the above (G) to (J), wherein the disease is atopic dermatitis.
- L The pharmaceutical composition according to the above (G) to (J), wherein the disease is ichthyosis vulgaris.
- (M) A GPR142 agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt for the prevention or treatment of diseases associated with decreased FLG production.
- (N) A GPR142 agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt for the prevention or treatment of a disease associated with horny layer abnormality.
- (O) A GPR142 agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt for the prevention or treatment of diseases associated with decreased skin water retention ability.
- (P) A GPR142 agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt for the prevention or treatment of a disease associated with reduced skin barrier function.
- Q The compound or salt thereof described in (M) to (P) above, wherein the subject of prevention or treatment is included in atopic dermatitis patients.
- (R) The pharmaceutical composition according to the above (M) to (P), wherein the subject of prevention or treatment is included in a patient with ichthyosis vulgaris.
- (S) A method for promoting FLG production, comprising administering an effective amount of a GPR142 agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt to a subject.
- (T) A method for preventing or treating a disease associated with horny layer abnormality, comprising administering an effective amount of a GPR142 agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt to a subject.
- (U) A method for preventing or treating a disease associated with decreased skin water retention capacity, comprising administering an effective amount of a GPR142 agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt to a subject.
- (V) A method for preventing or treating a disease associated with decreased skin barrier function, comprising administering an effective amount of a GPR142 agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt to a subject.
- W The method according to (S) to (V) above, wherein the subject is a patient with atopic dermatitis associated with a decrease in FLG production.
- X The method according to (S) to (V) above, wherein the subject is a patient with ichthyosis vulgaris.
- the GPR142 agonist according to the present invention promotes the production of FLG in the skin, improves the water retention ability and barrier function of the stratum corneum, and acts as an active ingredient of the FLG production promoter. It can also act as an active ingredient of a therapeutic agent for diseases associated with decreased FLG production, particularly a therapeutic agent for skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis. Further, by targeting GPR142, it is possible to systematically screen for a therapeutic agent for diseases associated with decreased FLG production.
- Example 1 It is the figure which confirmed the transcriptional activity effect of the FLG promoter by (a) compound 1, compound 1+ calcium, (b) comparative compound 1, comparative compound 1+ calcium, (c) compound 1 and comparative compound 2 by the luciferase assay.
- Example 1 It is the figure which confirmed the expression raise effect of FLG * mRNA by the compound 1 and the compound 2 by the real-time PCR in the case where the NHEK cell is calcium-treated beforehand.
- Example 2 It is the figure which confirmed the expression of GPR142 and GPR22 mRNA in the NHEK cell by the compound 1 or compound 1+ calcium treatment by real-time PCR.
- Example 4 It is the figure which confirmed the expression level of GPR142 (TM) mRNA and FLG (TM) mRNA in the NHEK cell by the compound 1 or compound 1+ calcium process in presence of RNAi of GPR142 by real-time PCR.
- Example 5 It is the figure which confirmed the expression level of GPR142 (TM) mRNA and FLG (TM) mRNA in the NHEK cell by the compound 1, compound 2, or compound 3 treatment in presence of RNAi of GPR142 by real-time PCR.
- Example 6 It is the figure which confirmed the expression level of GPR22 (TM) mRNA and FLG (TM) mRNA in the NHEK cell by the compound 1 or compound 1+ calcium process in presence of RNAi of GPR22 by real-time PCR.
- Reference Example 1 It is the figure which confirmed the expression of FLG (TM) mRNA and GPR142 (TM) mRNA by Compound 1 in GPR142 overexpressing NHEK cells by real-time PCR.
- Example 7 It is the figure which confirmed the effect
- Example 8 It is the figure which confirmed the effect
- Example 9 It is the figure which confirmed the expression increase effect of FLG (TM) mRNA by the compound 1 or the comparison compound 2 in a three-dimensional cultured skin by real-time PCR.
- Example 10 It is the photograph which confirmed the production ability of the FLG monomer by the compound 1, the comparison compound 2, or the comparison compound 3 in the three-dimensional cultured skin by the immunoblotting method.
- Example 11 It is the photograph figure which confirmed the production situation of FLG protein by compound 1 in human normal skin by tissue immunostaining.
- Example 12 It is the photograph which confirmed the production ability of the FLG monomer when the compound 1 was administered to the FLG gene deficient homo and hetero model mouse by the immunoblotting method.
- Example 13 It is a figure which shows the time-dependent change of a clinical symptom when a compound 1 is administered to atopic dermatitis onset model mouse (NC / Nga).
- Example 14 (i)) It is a figure which shows the measurement result of the amount of transdermal water transpiration (TEWL) when the compound 1 is administered to atopic dermatitis onset model mouse (NC / Nga).
- TEWL transdermal water transpiration
- Example 14 (ii) It is a photograph figure showing the external appearance of the said mouse
- (a) shows the result of a control mouse
- (b) shows the result of a compound 1 administration mouse.
- Example 14 (iii) The result of having confirmed the production ability of the FLG monomer when the compound 1 was administered to the atopic dermatitis model mouse (NC / Nga) by the immunoblotting method is shown.
- Example 15 Example 15
- GPR142 is a kind of G protein-coupled receptor (GPR), as described in the Examples below.
- GPR142 agonist a substance that can promote the production of FLG through GPR142-dependent intracellular signaling is referred to as a “GPR142 agonist”.
- GPR142 agonist is effective as a FLG production promoter and can be used as a therapeutic agent for diseases associated with a decrease in FLG production.
- a FLG production promoter can be systematically screened by identifying a GPR142 agonist using GPR142 as a target receptor.
- the identified GPR142 agonist is useful as a therapeutic agent for diseases associated with decreased FLG production.
- the present invention relates to a FLG production promoter and a drug for treating a disease associated with a decrease in FLG production, which comprises a GPR142 agonist as an active ingredient.
- the GPR142 agonist which is an active ingredient of the drug of the present invention, acts on GPR142 and can promote production of FLGFL mRNA and FLG protein via the receptor.
- the GPR142 agonist that is an active ingredient of the agent of the present invention can preferably promote the production of FLG protein (ie, FLG monomer).
- the present invention also includes a method for promoting the production of FLG by contacting a GPR142 agonist with a cell (preferably a skin cell).
- examples of the GPR142 agonist include N- (4-amino-2-methyl-6-quinolyl) -2-[(4-ethylphenoxy) methyl] benzamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. .
- examples of the GPR142 agonist include phenylalanine derivatives or aminopyrazole phenylalanine or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as described in Patent Document 5 (WO2010 / 093849 pamphlet). Specifically, for example, a compound represented by the following general formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is preferable.
- R 1 and R 2 each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- R 3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- R 4 represents 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- 3 represents an alkoxycarbonyl group or a hydroxycarbonyl group
- R 5 , R 6 and R 7 each represent a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom.
- R 1 and R 2 represent a hydrogen atom.
- R 3 represents a methyl group.
- R 4 represents a methoxycarbonyl group, an ethoxycarbonyl group or a hydroxycarbonyl group.
- R 5 , R 6 and R 7 represent a hydrogen atom.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) is most preferably methyl 2- (1- (1-methyl-3- (pyridin-4-yl) -1H-pyrazol-5-ylamino) -1-oxo.
- ivermectin is mentioned as a GPR142 agonist.
- a mixture of 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1ame90% or more and 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1bB10% or less can be mentioned.
- those described in European Patent No. 0000189B1 and US2010 / 0004200A1 can also be used.
- “pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof” are GPR142 agonists that can be used in medicines and are active ingredients of the therapeutic agents of the present invention, such as compounds and salts represented by the above general formula (I)
- Any salt can be used, for example, inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid; or oxalic acid, malonic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, It can be obtained by reacting with an organic acid such as succinic acid, tartaric acid, mandelic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, gluconic acid, ascorbic acid, methanesulfonic acid and benzenesulfonic acid.
- hydrochloride is preferable.
- the hydrates, hydrates, solvates and crystal polymorphs of each compound are also included.
- prodrugs and metabolites of each compound according to the GPR142 agonist of the present invention are also included.
- a “prodrug” is a derivative of the compound of the present invention having a group that can be chemically or metabolically decomposed, restored to the original compound after administration to a living body, and exhibiting its original medicinal effect, and is a covalent bond Non-conforming complexes and salts.
- a GPR142 agonist when used as a pharmaceutical preparation, it is usually known as a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, diluent, extender, disintegrant, stabilizer, preservative, buffer, emulsifier, aroma.
- compositions examples include solutions, lotions, suspensions, emulsions, ointments, gels, capsules, tablets, dragees, granules, suppositories, and the like. If desired, these preparations may contain adjuvants, stabilizers, wetting or emulsifying agents, buffers, and other conventional additives.
- the GPR142 agonist which is an active ingredient of the therapeutic agent of the present invention, has a FLG production promoting action, it is used as a therapeutic agent for diseases associated with a decrease in FLG production, preferably a skin disease.
- skin diseases associated with decreased FLG production include, for example, atopic dermatitis, ichthyosis vulgaris, metal (nickel) allergic contact dermatitis (J. Investigative Dermatology (2008) 128: 1430-1435), sebum-deficient eczema (Anteroderma dermatosis) (Arch Dermatol Res. (2004) 295: 448-452) and the like, but are not limited to the above as long as they are skin diseases associated with decreased FLG production.
- main skin function abnormalities in atopic dermatitis include a decrease in water retention ability and barrier function of the stratum corneum, a decrease in itch threshold, and infectivity.
- the GPR142 agonist is particularly useful as a therapeutic agent for atopic dermatitis for improving the reduction of water retention ability and / or barrier function of the horny layer of the skin associated with atopic dermatitis.
- an abnormality of the stratum corneum means a state in which the water retention ability of the stratum corneum, that is, a moisture retention function is impaired, a barrier function of the stratum corneum is lowered, and a function to prevent the entry of allergens from the outside is impaired.
- the stratum corneum becomes the boundary with the outside world, and protects the inside from the outside world (the action of adjusting the water release from the body to protect yourself from the outside environment such as dryness and the action of holding the moisture of the stratum corneum itself) and the inside It has functions such as retention of substances (invasion of substances and allergens from outside, and action as a barrier layer against ultraviolet rays).
- atopic dermatitis dryness of the skin with a pore-matched papule is observed even in a non-inflamed part of the skin, and the amount of water that evaporates from one square meter of the body surface to one hour from the skin surface. That is, when the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) is measured, it is higher than that of a healthy person (about 7.4 g / h ⁇ m 2 ). Accordingly, in the present invention, confirmation of the water retention ability and / or barrier function of the stratum corneum can be performed by measuring the amount of transdermal moisture transpiration and the degree of dryness of the skin (cattleness).
- the method for measuring the moisture retention ability and barrier function of human skin can be performed by the following method.
- the water retention ability can be measured, for example, according to the method described in J. Dermatology (2011) 38: 685-692. Specifically, the following procedure is followed. Place the subject in a room with a room temperature of 21 ° C and a humidity of 50 ⁇ 5% for 20 minutes. At that time, the test subject should wear a test T-shirt. 5 minutes after taking off the test T-shirt, measure the transdermal water transpiration (TEWL) with the moisture transpiration measuring device, or measure the skin conductance (SCWC) with the stratum corneum moisture measuring device. To do.
- the measurement of the barrier function can be performed, for example, according to the method described in J.
- the determination of the decrease in FLG production can be made by measuring the amount of FLG mRNA in the skin (for example, PCR method) and the amount of FLG protein (for example, Western blot method).
- the degree of decrease in FLG production correlates with the amount of moisture transpiration and the degree of skin dryness (J. Invest. Dermatol. (2009) 129 (3): 682-689).
- it can be performed by a method or a method of evaluating the degree of dryness of the skin by visual inspection, a method of evaluating and examining the degree of dryness of the skin by visual inspection is simple and convenient.
- the administration method of the drug of the present invention is not particularly limited and is appropriately determined according to the purpose.
- oral, intraarterial, intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intradermal, transdermal, transmucosal, etc. Can be mentioned.
- the daily dose is 0.001 to 100 mg / kg, preferably 0.1 to 30 mg / kg. It can be administered once to several times a day or once every 2 to 4 days.
- the daily dose is suitably about 0.0001 to 10 mg / kg, and can be administered once to several times a day.
- a transdermal agent about 0.001 to 100 mg / kg per body weight can be administered once to several times a day.
- the dose is appropriately determined according to individual cases in consideration of symptoms, age, sex, and the like.
- the production of FLG is promoted as shown in Examples described later.
- abnormalities of the stratum corneum reduced water retention ability and / or barrier function associated with atopic dermatitis are improved.
- the present invention also extends to a screening method for a therapeutic agent for a disease associated with a decrease in FLG production.
- FLG production is promoted through GPR142-dependent intracellular signal transduction. Therefore, by identifying a GPR142 agonist with GPR142 as a target receptor, a FLG production promoter is strained. Screening.
- the GPR142 agonist identified by the screening method of the present invention is useful as a therapeutic agent for diseases associated with decreased FLG production.
- the method for screening for a therapeutic agent for a disease associated with decreased FLG production of the present invention comprises a step of evaluating whether the activity or expression of GPR142 can be promoted, for example, a cell expressing GPR142 (also referred to as “GPR142-expressing cell”). ) Can be used.
- the “GPR142-expressing cell” used in the screening method of the present invention is a natural cell that endogenously expresses GPR142 polypeptide (for example, normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK)) or a GPR142 gene introduced therein. Any of transformed cells may be used, and various methods known in the art can be used as a method for transforming cells. In the method of the present invention, these cells are preferably used, but a membrane fraction of the cells containing GPR142 can also be used.
- the “GPR142 gene” used for expressing GPR142 in a cell is not particularly limited as long as it is a gene encoding GPR142 derived from any mammal or a functional variant that retains its activity.
- human GPR142 having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, or the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 90% or more, preferably 95% or more, particularly preferably 98% or more.
- a human GPR142 gene consisting of a base sequence encoding a variant of human GPR142 having an amino acid sequence having the property and retaining the activity of GPR142 can be used.
- the human GPR142 gene based on the sequence shown in GenBank accession number: NM_181790, AY288421 (FEBS Lett. 554 (3), 381-388 (2003)) can be mentioned.
- the human GPR142 gene having the base sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2 can be particularly preferably used.
- the “GPR142-expressing cell” into which the GPR142 gene used in the method of the present invention has been introduced can be obtained, for example, by introducing an expression vector containing the GPR142 gene into a host cell and transforming it.
- host cells any known cells such as yeast, insect cells, animal cells can be used, but CHO cells, COS cells, HEK293 (Human embryonic kidney 293) cells, NHEK (Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes) cells, HaCaT (Human Skin) keratinocyte) cells, FreeStyle TM 293-F cells (Invitrogen) and the like can be suitably used.
- As the expression vector a vector containing a promoter corresponding to the type of host cell to be used is appropriately selected.
- Examples of the vector include pBR322, pBR325, pUC12, pUC13, pCXN (Gene 108: 193-199 (1991)), pUB110, pTP5, pC194, ⁇ phage, retrovirus, baculovirus and the like.
- Examples of the promoter include Trp promoter, T7 promoter, lac promoter, SPO1 promoter, penP promoter, PHO5 promoter, PGK promoter, GAP promoter, GAL promoter, SV40 promoter, retrovirus promoter, metallothionein promoter, AG promoter and the like.
- a host cell is transformed according to a known method with an expression vector in which the GPR142 gene is linked downstream of the promoter, and a “GPR142-expressing cell” used for screening can be produced.
- the culture solution and culture conditions of the “GPR142-expressing cells” thus obtained can be appropriately selected within a known range depending on the type of cells used.
- “Activity of GPR142” in the screening method of the present invention is a GPR142-dependent intracellular signaling activity, and whether or not a test substance can promote “activity of GPR142” is, for example, described below in the signaling. It can be evaluated by various indicators as exemplified.
- the signaling activity of GPR142 can be measured using adenylate cyclase activity as an index.
- Adenylate cyclase activity can be measured, for example, by measuring the concentration (amount) of cAMP in the cell.
- GPR142-expressing cells are treated with forskolin, NKH-477 (Colforsin daropate), IBMX (1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine) or the like in advance or treated with them in advance.
- cAMP EIA System GE Healthcare
- LANCE R
- R cAMP Detection Kit
- Cisbio Cisbio
- cyclic AMP EIA kit Chemical
- GPR142-expressing cells were further co-expressed by introducing a vector in which a reporter gene such as luciferase, alkaline phosphatase, or ⁇ -galactosidase was further linked via CRE (cAMP response element).
- a reporter gene such as luciferase, alkaline phosphatase, or ⁇ -galactosidase was further linked via CRE (cAMP response element).
- CRE cAMP response element
- the increase or decrease in the level of ERK1 / 2 phosphorylated by the MAP kinase cascade caused by stimulation of GPR142 is measured by SureFire pERK kit (PerkinElmer), Phospho-ERK (Cisbio), or caused by stimulation of GPR142 PI3K-AKT levels of phosphorylation of AKT in the path PathScan (R) (CST Japan), Phospho-AKT (Cisbio) , Pan Specific Phospho-Akt ELISA Kit (Cayman Chemical) can also be measured and the like.
- Gqi G protein chimera
- a G protein chimera which is a chimera of a partial polypeptide having a phospholipase C-promoting activity of Gq protein and a partial polypeptide having a coupling activity of GPR142 receptor of Gi protein.
- a transformed cell is prepared, the cell is brought into contact with a test substance, and the fluctuation of the calcium ion concentration is measured by, for example, FLEXstation (Molecular Devices), and the calcium concentration can be used as an index.
- whether or not a test substance can promote “expression of GPR142” can be evaluated by measuring the amount of mRNA or protein of GPR142 in GPR142-expressing cells in contact with the test substance. This can be measured by extracting GPR142 mRNA and protein from the cell and following conventional methods such as quantitative PCR and Western blotting.
- the test substance when the activity or expression of GPR142 is increased in the presence of the test substance as compared to the absence of the test substance, the test substance exhibits the activity or expression of GPR142. It can be determined that it is a substance that promotes. For example, as a substance that promotes the activity of GPR142, a substance that lowers intracellular cAMP concentration to the same extent as a GPR142 agonist as described in the Examples, specifically, 10% or more under the conditions of Example 9 It is preferable to select a substance that lowers by 20% or more.
- the present invention may further include a step of determining whether the test substance selected as having GPR142 agonist activity according to the above-mentioned index is effective in treating a disease associated with a decrease in FLG production.
- the therapeutic effect of the GPR142 agonist having FLG production promoting activity can be confirmed, for example, by the method shown in Examples 10-14.
- a therapeutic agent for a disease associated with a decrease in FLG production can be screened.
- the GPR142 agonist of the present invention has an effect of promoting FLG production, it is used as a therapeutic agent for diseases associated with decreased FLG production, preferably skin diseases.
- skin diseases associated with decreased FLG production include, for example, atopic dermatitis, ichthyosis vulgaris, metal (nickel) allergic contact dermatitis, sebum-deficient eczema (senile xerosis), It is not limited to the above as long as it is a skin disease associated with a decrease in FLG production.
- Example 1 Transcriptional activity effect of FLG promoter
- N-quinolylbenzamide derivative compound 1
- NHEK cells normal human neonatal epidermal keratinocytes
- the transcriptional activity of the FLG promoter was performed by luciferase assay.
- NHEK cells (Kurabo) 1.2 ⁇ 10 5 cells / ml are seeded in a 96-well plate at 80 ⁇ l / well (9.6 ⁇ 10 3 cells / well), and normal human epidermal keratinocyte growth medium (HuMedia-KG2, Kurabo Industries) HEGF (human Epidermal Growth Factor) (0.1 ng / ml), insulin (10 ⁇ g / ml), hydrocortisone (0.5 ⁇ g / ml), gentamicin (50 ⁇ g / ml), amphotericin B (50 ng / ml) and BPE 100 ⁇ l of a culture solution supplemented with (bovine brain pituitary extract) (0.4%, v / v) was added and cultured under conditions of 37 ° C.
- HEGF human Epidermal Growth Factor
- a promoter region from the FLG transcription start point (“CTTTTGGTGAACAAG” on exon 1) to about 2.2 Kb upstream is incorporated into the cloning site of the luciferase reporter vector (pGL4 Luciferase Reporter Vectors, Promega), and the 2.2 Kb FLG promoter and Plasmid DNA containing luciferase was prepared.
- a sequence including a promoter region 5 ′ upstream from the FLG transcription start site is described in, for example, FLG-001 (ENST00000368799) of Ensembl Genome Browser 64: Homo sapiens-Exons-Transcript, and can be confirmed on the following homepage.
- luciferase activity was measured using a luciferase assay reagent (Bright-Glo (R) Luciferase Assay System, Promega) according to the protocol. After drug treated cells washed twice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), DMEM medium (Invitrogen) was added 50 [mu] l, then the Bright-Glo (R) Reagent was added 50 [mu] l. After standing for 2 minutes, the absorbance of luciferase was measured for 70 ⁇ l. From the results of FIGS.
- Example 2 Effect of increasing FLG mRNA expression in NHEK cells
- the effect of increasing FLG mRNA expression by Compound 1 or Compound 2 was confirmed using NHEK cells.
- NHEK cells (Invitrogen) 5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well are seeded in a 24-well plate, and then hEGF (0.1 ng / ml) is added to normal human epidermal keratinocyte growth medium (HuMedia-KG2, Kurabo Industries).
- Insulin (10 ⁇ g / ml), hydrocortisone (0.5 ⁇ g / ml), gentamicin (50 ⁇ g / ml), amphotericin B (50 ng / ml), and BPE (bovine brain pituitary extract) (0.4%, v / v) was added culture solution 500 [mu] l, 37 ° C., it was cultured in a 5% C0 2 conditions.
- RNA was prepared according to the protocol.
- a reverse transcriptase reagent Prime Script (R) , Takara
- cDNA of total RNA was prepared according to the protocol.
- SYBR (R) Premix Ex Taq Takara
- real-time PCR was performed with a CFX96 real-time PCR apparatus (Bio-Rad) according to the protocol, and the amount of FLG mRNA was measured.
- the measurement results are shown as GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) ratio.
- the primer sequences used are shown below.
- FLG Forward primer 5'-GCTGAAGGAACTTCTGGAAAAGG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 3)
- FLG Reverse primer 5'-GTTGTGGTCTATATCCAAGTGATC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 4)
- GAPDH Forward primer 5'-GTCTCCTCTGACTTCAACAGCG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 5)
- GAPDH Reverse primer 5'-ACCACCCTGTTGCTGTAGCCAA-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 6)
- FIG. 2 it was confirmed that Compound 1 and Compound 2 increase the expression of FLG mRNA in NHEK cells.
- the FLG mRNA expression was further increased by calcium priming.
- GPCR G Protein-Coupled Receptor
- NHEK cells (Invitrogen) 5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well are seeded in a 24-well plate, and then hEGF (0.1 ng / ml) is added to normal human epidermal keratinocyte growth medium (HuMedia-KG2, Kurabo Industries).
- Insulin (10 ⁇ g / ml), hydrocortisone (0.5 ⁇ g / ml), gentamicin (50 ⁇ g / ml), amphotericin B (50 ng / ml), and BPE (bovine brain pituitary extract) (0.4%, v / v) Then, 500 ⁇ l of the culture broth was added, and the cells were cultured under the conditions of 37 ° C.
- RNA was prepared according to the protocol.
- TaqMan (R) human GPCR array (AB 4365295, Applied Biosystems) was used and analyzed by ABI PRISM (R) 7900HT gene analyzer (Applied Biosystems). The measurement results were shown by comparing the number of cycles with the control 18S ribosomal RNA ( ⁇ Ct value) (comparative Ct method).
- Table 1 shows the results of GPCR in which expression was significantly increased by treatment with Compound 1 and / or calcium compared to the control. As shown in Table 1, calcium was found to induce GPR142 mRNA expression in NHEK cells. Moreover, it was confirmed that the combined system of Compound 1 and Compound 1 and calcium induces the expression of GPR142 mRNA and GPR22 mRNA.
- Example 4 Confirmation of expression of GPR142 and GPR22 in NHEK cells
- the effect of inducing the expression of GPR142 mRNA and GPR22 mRNA by Compound 1 was confirmed for NHEK cells.
- NHEK cells (Invitrogen) 5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well are seeded in a 24-well plate, and then hEGF (0.1 ng / ml) is added to normal human epidermal keratinocyte growth medium (HuMedia-KG2, Kurabo Industries).
- Insulin (10 ⁇ g / ml), hydrocortisone (0.5 ⁇ g / ml), gentamicin (50 ⁇ g / ml), amphotericin B (50 ng / ml), and BPE (bovine brain pituitary extract) (0.4%, v / v) It was added to the culture solution 500 [mu] l, and incubated at 37 ° C., of 5% C0 2 conditions. 2) After 1 day of culturing under the conditions of 1) above, the medium was changed every 1 day and cultured for 3 days in the culture solution of 1) above in which a DMSO solution of Compound 1 was added to 1 ⁇ M per well.
- BPE bovine brain pituitary extract
- a system using CaCl 2 (Ca in terms of 1.2 mM) instead of Compound 1 and a combined system of Ca (1.2 mM in terms of Ca) and Compound 1 (1 ⁇ M per well) are similarly used.
- a reverse transcriptase reagent (Prime Script (R) , Takara ) , cDNA of total RNA was prepared according to the protocol.
- GPR142 Forward primer 5'-CTTGTCTCAGCCATTCCAGGTG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 7)
- GPR142 Reverse primer 5'-GATCCTTACGCAGACACTGAGC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 8)
- GPR22 Forward primer 5'-CCACACAACATGAGGCTACAGAC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 9)
- GPR22 Reverse primer 5'-CTTTCTCGTCGTTCACGGTGTC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 10)
- GAPDH Forward primer 5'-GTCTCCTCTGACTTCAACAGCG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 5)
- GAPDH Reverse primer 5'-ACCACCCTGTTGCTGTAGCCAA-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 6)
- Example 5 Blocking effect of GPR142 by RNAi
- GPR142 mRNA and FLG mRNA expression-inducing effects of Compound 1 on NHEK cells were blocked by GPR142 RNAi.
- NHEK cells (Invitrogen) 5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well are seeded in a 24-well plate, and then hEGF (0.1 ng / ml) is added to normal human epidermal keratinocyte growth medium (HuMedia-KG2, Kurabo Industries).
- Insulin (10 ⁇ g / ml), hydrocortisone (0.5 ⁇ g / ml), gentamicin (50 ⁇ g / ml), amphotericin B (50 ng / ml), and BPE (bovine brain pituitary extract) (0.4%, v / v) It was added to the culture solution 500 [mu] l, and incubated at 37 ° C., of 5% C0 2 conditions. 2) One day after culturing under the conditions of 1) above, the medium was replaced with a culture solution in which CaCl 2 (1.2 mM in terms of Ca) was further added to the culture solution of 1) above, and the medium was changed to 37 ° C., 5% CO 2.
- CaCl 2 1.2 mM in terms of Ca
- the culture was performed under the following conditions. One day after the culture, the medium was changed with the same culture solution containing Ca, and the culture was further continued for one day. 3) The NHEK cells of 2) above were transfected with 50 nM siRNA per well of a 24-well plate using the introduction reagent Lipofectamine RNA Max (Invitrogen) according to the protocol.
- GPR142-1 (# HSS139493): Sense Sequence: GGCGUCAUCCCUGUCAUCUACUACA; (SEQ ID NO: 11) Antisense Sequence: UGUAGUAGAUGACAGGGAUG; (SEQ ID NO: 12)
- GPR142-2 (# HSS139494): Sense Sequence: CCAACAUCCUGGAGUUUGCUGCCAA; (SEQ ID NO: 13) Antisense Sequence: UUGGCAGCAAACUCCAGGAUGU; (SEQ ID NO: 14) GPR142-3 (# HSS179846): Sense Sequence: GCUGUCCUGAGUGCUGCCCUGUUGA; (SEQ ID NO: 15) Antisense Sequence: UCAACAGGGCAGCACUCAGGAC; (SEQ ID NO: 16) Control -1 (LOW GC, # 129350-200): Sense Sequence: G
- GPR142 Forward primer 5'-CTTGTCTCAGCCATTCCAGGTG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 7)
- GPR142 Reverse primer 5'-GATCCTTACGCAGACACTGAGC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 8)
- FLG Forward primer 5'-GCTGAAGGAACTTCTGGAAAAGG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 3)
- FLG Reverse primer 5'-GTTGTGGTCTATATCCAAGTGATC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 4)
- GAPDH Forward primer 5'-GTCTCCTCTGACTTCAACAGCG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 5)
- GAPDH Reverse primer 5'-ACCACCCTGTTGCTGTAGCCAA-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 6)
- Example 6 Blocking effect of GPR142 by RNAi
- GPR142 mRNA and FLG mRNA expression-inducing effects of Compound 2 or 3 were blocked by GPR142 RNAi on NHEK cells.
- Examples 5 1) to 3), GPR142 siRNA and GPR142-3 (# HSS139493) and GPR142-3 (# HSS179846) and Control -1 (LOW GC, # 129350-200) were used as the siRNA of GPR142 and control, respectively.
- NHEK cells were transfected in the same manner as in Example 5, except that two siRNAs of Control-3 (HIGH GC, # 129350-400) were used.
- a DMSO solution of Compound 1 a DMSO solution of Compound 2 and a methanol solution of Compound 3 were added to a concentration of 10 nM per well. The medium was exchanged with the liquid, and further cultured for 1 day.
- Example 5 As a control, only the solvent was added.
- each drug-treated cell was subjected to real-time PCR, and the amounts of GPR142 mRNA and FLG mRNA were measured. The measurement results are shown as GAPDH ratio. As shown in FIG. 5, it was confirmed that the induction of FLG mRNA expression by compound 2 and compound 3 was also via GPR142, as in compound 1.
- NHEK cells (Invitrogen) 5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well are seeded in a 24-well plate, and then hEGF (0.1 ng / ml) is added to normal human epidermal keratinocyte growth medium (HuMedia-KG2, Kurabo Industries).
- Insulin (10 ⁇ g / ml), hydrocortisone (0.5 ⁇ g / ml), gentamicin (50 ⁇ g / ml), amphotericin B (50 ng / ml), and BPE (bovine brain pituitary extract) (0.4%, v / v) the culture broth was 500 ⁇ l added, and cultured at 37 ° C., of 5% C0 2 conditions.
- siRNA per well of a 24-well plate was transfected into NHEK cells using the introduction reagent Lipofectamine RNA Max (Invitrogen) according to the protocol. The sequence of the siRNA used is shown below.
- GPR22-1 (# HSS104365): Sense Sequence: UAGUCAUGGCUUAUGGAACAACUAU (SEQ ID NO: 23) Anti Sense Sequence: AUAGUUGUUCCAUAAGCCAUGACUA (SEQ ID NO: 24) GPR22-2 (# HSS104367): Sense Sequence: GAGUUGUUUCUAUAGUAGAAGCUGA (SEQ ID NO: 25) Anti Sense Sequence: UCAGCUUCUACUAUAGAAACAACUC (SEQ ID NO: 26) GPR22-3 (# HSS178711): Sense Sequence: GGCAGAGCUGUAAUGUUAAUGAUAU (SEQ ID NO: 27) Anti Sense Sequence: AUAUCAUUAACAUUACAGCUCUGCC (SEQ ID NO: 28) Control-1 (Low GC, # 129350-200): Sense Sequence: GGAUGUCAACUUGAGCAACUUAUUU (SEQ ID NO: 17) Anti Sense Sequence: AAAUAAGUUGCU
- Example 7 FLG mRNA production effect of Compound 1 in GPR142 overexpressing NHEK cells
- Example 7 the effect of inducing FLG mRNA expression by Compound 1 was confirmed for GPR142 overexpressing NHEK cells.
- NHEK cells (Invitrogen) 5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well are seeded in a 24-well plate, and then hEGF (0.1 ng / ml) is added to normal human epidermal keratinocyte growth medium (HuMedia-KG2, Kurabo Industries).
- Insulin (10 ⁇ g / ml), hydrocortisone (0.5 ⁇ g / ml), gentamicin (50 ⁇ g / ml), amphotericin B (50 ng / ml) and BPE (bovine brain pituitary extract) (0.4%, v / v) It was added and culture was incubated at 37 ° C., of 5% C0 2 conditions.
- a GPR142pCXN mammalian expression vector was constructed by incorporating the human GPR142 gene coding region containing the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 into the restriction site EcoRI of the cloning site of the mammalian expression vector pCXN (Gene 108: 193-199 (1991)). . 3) After culturing for 1 day under the above conditions 1), 0.5 ⁇ g per well of GPR142 mammalian expression vector pCXN was transfected into NHEK cells using the introduction reagent Fugene (R) HD (Promega) according to the protocol. . As a control, only the mammalian expression vector pCXN was transfected.
- Example 8 Measurement of action on adenylate cyclase activity In this example, the effect of inhibiting the production of cAMP by Compound 1 was confirmed.
- Example 9 Measurement of action on adenylate cyclase activity
- the effect of inhibiting the production of cAMP by compound 2 or 3 was confirmed.
- Example 8 5 HEK293T sputum cells were cultured in the same manner as in Example 8 1) to 4). Then, in Example 8 5), instead of Compound 1, a methanol solution of Compound 3, a DMSO solution of Compound 2 and a DMSO solution of Comparative Compound 2 were used so that each would be 1000 nM per well. Culture was carried out in the same manner as in Example 8, 5). The cAMP concentration of the cultured cells was measured in the same manner as 6) of Example 8.
- Example 10 Effect of increasing FLG mRNA expression in three-dimensional cultured skin
- the effect of increasing FLG mRNA expression by Compound 1 was examined using three-dimensional cultured skin.
- FLG mRNA expression was measured by real-time PCR.
- RNA extraction RNA extraction reagent for RNA extraction
- reverse transcriptase reagent Prime Script (R) , TaKaRa )
- cDNA was prepared from total RNA according to the protocol.
- Light Cycler 480 SYBR Green I Master Roche
- real-time PCR was performed according to the protocol, and the amount of FLG mRNA was measured. The measurement results are shown as GAPDH ratio.
- Compound 1 and Comparative Compound 2 increase the expression of FLG mRNA in a three-dimensional human skin model.
- Example 11 Effect of increasing FLG monomer expression in three-dimensional cultured skin
- the effect of increasing FLG monomer expression by Compound 1 was examined using three-dimensional cultured skin.
- the expression of FLG monomer was confirmed by Western blotting.
- Example 10 the same operation as 1) to 3) of Example 10 was first performed.
- D) Comparative Compound 3 (M344) as a drug was also carried out in the same manner as A) Compound 1 and C) Comparative Compound 2 in Example 10.
- Lysis buffer 0.1 M Tris-HCl (pH 9.0), 6M Urea, 1%) 100 ⁇ l of 2-mercapto-ethanol, 1% SDS, 1 mM EDTA, protease inhibitor cocktail
- the homogenized cells were centrifuged at 15,000 rpm and 4 ° C.
- Example 12 Effect of increasing FLG monomer expression in normal human skin culture
- Compound 1 N-quinolylbenzamide derivative
- the expression of FLG monomer was confirmed by tissue immunostaining with anti-human FLG antibody.
- the medium used was a normal human epidermal keratinocyte growth medium (HuMedia-KG2, Kurabo Industries).
- Human epidermal keratinocyte growth medium HuMedia-KG2, Kurabo Industries.
- the part of the normal skin that was surplus with the removal of the skin disease part was used with the consent of the donor through the ethics committee of Kyoto University.
- an anti-human FLG antibody (anti-human Filaggrin antibody sc-66192, Santa Cruz) is used as a primary antibody
- a biotinylated anti-mouse IgG antibody (eBioscience) is used as a secondary antibody
- DAB diaminobenzidine
- Example 13 Effect of increasing FLG expression in model animals
- homologous or heterozygous mice Jackson Laboratory, flaky tail mice
- compound 1 N-quinolylbenzamide derivative
- Lysis buffer 0.1 M Tris-HCl (pH 9.0), 6 M Urea, 1% 2-mercapto-ethanol, 1% SDS, 1 mM EDTA, Protease inhibitor cocktail.
- a sample was prepared in the same manner as in Example 11 4), and the expression of FLG monomer was confirmed by Western blotting after electrophoresis.
- Anti-mouse FLG antibody (anti-mouse Filaggrin antibody, COVANCE) 1 ⁇ g / ml is used as the primary antibody
- Anti-rabbit IgG-HRP (GE Healthcare) is used as the secondary antibody
- Amersham ECL Plus Western Blotting as the color former. Detection Reagents (GE Healthcare) was used.
- Example 14 Dermatitis-improving effect in atopic dermatitis model mouse (NC / Nga) 6-10 weeks old atopic dermatitis-onset NC / Nga mouse (Japan SLC) with ticks is bred under normal environment The experiment was conducted. That is, Compound 1 was added to a methylcellulose solution (0.5 W / V% Methyl Cellulose 400 Solution, Wako, 133-14255) at 0.75 mg / ml in NC / Nga mice with dermatitis appearing mainly in the auricle and head.
- a methylcellulose solution 0.5 W / V% Methyl Cellulose 400 Solution, Wako, 133-14255
- 500 ⁇ l of the so-dissolved solution was orally administered every other day (each mouse was dosed with 0.375 mg of Compound 1), and the effect of improving dermatitis was measured.
- 500 ⁇ l of methylcellulose solution was orally administered every other day.
- Example 15 FLG monomer production effect in atopic dermatitis model mice (NC / Nga) 6-10 weeks old atopic dermatitis-onset NC / Nga mice (Japan SLC) with ticks are raised in a normal environment
- NC / Nga mice where dermatitis appears mainly in the auricle and head
- Compound 1 was added to a methylcellulose solution (0.5 W / V% Methyl Cellulose 400 Solution, Wako, 133-14255) at 1.5 mg / ml.
- 500 ⁇ l of the dissolved solution was administered orally every other day (0.75 mg of Compound 1 was administered to each mouse).
- As a control 500 ⁇ l of methylcellulose solution was orally administered every other day.
- Experiments were conducted with 5 mice each in the compound 1 administration group and the control group.
- Lysis buffer 0.1 M Tris-HCl (pH 9.0), 6M Urea, 1% 2-mercapto-ethanol, 1% SDS, 1 mM EDTA, Protease inhibitor cocktail
- the homogenized cells are centrifuged at 15,000 rpm and 4 ° C for 20 minutes, the supernatant is collected, a sample for measurement is prepared, and the expression of FLG monomer is confirmed by Western blotting after electrophoresis did.
- the primary antibody is anti-mouse FLG antibody (anti-mouse Filaggrin antibody, COVANCE) 1 ⁇ g / ml
- the secondary antibody is Anti-rabbitHIgG-HRP (GE Healthcare) and Amersham ⁇ ⁇ ECL Plus Western Blotting Detection Reagents (GE Healthcare) was used.
- FIG. 17 (a) shows the result of electrophoresis.
- PFG indicates a profilagrin band
- FG indicates a FLG monomer band.
- FIG. 17B is a graph showing the relative concentration of FLG monomer relative to GAPDH (average value of 5 samples). From these results, when Compound 1 was administered, it was confirmed that the production of FLG monomer was clearly promoted as compared with the control.
- the GPR142 agonist which is an active ingredient of the therapeutic agent of the present invention, promotes the production of FLG in the skin, improves the water retention ability and barrier function of the stratum corneum, and is effective as a FLG production promoter. It was confirmed to act as an ingredient. Moreover, it can act also as an active ingredient of the therapeutic agent for skin diseases accompanying a decrease in FLG production.
- A) N-quinolylbenzamide derivative (compound 1), B) ivermectin (compound 2) or C) phenylalaninamide derivative (compound 3), which is a kind of GPR142 agonist, can be easily synthesized by chemical synthesis. It is useful as a therapeutic agent for skin diseases associated with decreased FLG production, particularly atopic dermatitis. Furthermore, screening for therapeutic agents for diseases associated with decreased FLG production can be systematically performed using GPR142 as a target.
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Abstract
Description
1.GPR142アゴニストを有効成分として含有するフィラグリン(FLG)産生低下に伴う疾患治療剤。
2.FLG産生低下に伴う疾患が、皮膚疾患である前項1記載の疾患治療剤。
3.皮膚疾患が、アトピー性皮膚炎である、前項2記載の疾患治療剤。
4.皮膚疾患が、尋常性魚鱗癬である、前項2記載の疾患治療剤。
5.GPR142アゴニストが、N-(4-アミノ-2-メチル-6-キノリル)-2-[(4-エチルフェノキシ)メチル]ベンズアミド又は製薬上許容されるその塩である、前項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の疾患治療剤。
6.GPR142アゴニストが、下記一般式(I)表される化合物又は製薬上許容されるその塩である、前項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の疾患治療剤。
7.前項6記載の一般式(I)において、R1及びR2は水素原子を表し、R3はメチル基を表し、R4はエトキシカルボニル基又はヒドロキシカルボニル基を表し、R5、R6及びR7は水素原子を表すものである、前項6記載の疾患治療剤。
8.GPR142アゴニストが、イベルメクチンである、前項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の疾患治療剤。
9.FLG産生低下に伴う疾患の症状を改善するためのFLG産生低下に伴う疾患治療剤であって、GPR142アゴニストを有効成分として含有することを特徴とするFLG産生低下に伴う疾患治療剤。
10.FLG産生低下に伴う疾患が、皮膚疾患である前項9記載の疾患治療剤。
11.アトピー性皮膚炎に伴う皮膚の角層の水分保持能及び/又はバリア機能低下を改善するためのアトピー性皮膚炎治療剤であって、GPR142アゴニストを有効成分として含有することを特徴とするアトピー性皮膚炎治療剤。
12.GPR142アゴニストを有効成分として含有する、FLG産生促進剤。
13.FLG産生低下に伴う疾患の症状を呈する患者に、GPR142アゴニストを有効成分として含有する薬剤を有効量投与して、当該患者の症状を改善することを特徴とするFLG産生低下に伴う疾患を治療する方法。
14.FLG産生が低下しているアトピー性皮膚炎患者に、GPR142アゴニストを有効成分として含有する薬剤を有効量投与して、当該患者のアトピー性皮膚炎に伴う皮膚の角層異常を改善することを特徴とするアトピー性皮膚炎を治療する方法。
15.被験物質がGPR142の活性又は発現を促進し得るか否かを評価することを含む、FLG産生低下に伴う疾患治療剤のスクリーニング方法。
16.以下の(a)~(c)の工程を含む、前項15記載のスクリーニング方法。
(a) GPR142発現細胞又はその膜画分と被験物質とを接触させる工程、
(b)当該被験物質と接触させた後の当該細胞又はその膜画分におけるGPR142の活性又は発現を測定する工程、及び
(c)当該細胞又はその膜画分におけるGPR142の活性又は発現を促進し得る物質を選択する工程。
17.FLG産生低下に伴う疾患が皮膚疾患である、前項15又は16記載のスクリーニング方法。
18.皮膚疾患が、アトピー性皮膚炎である、前項17記載のスクリーニング方法。
19.GPR142発現細胞が、GPR142遺伝子を含む発現ベクターで形質転換して得られたものである、前項15~18のいずれか1項に記載のスクリーニング方法。
20.GPR142遺伝子が、配列番号:1で表わされるアミノ酸配列を有するヒトGPR142遺伝子又は当該アミノ酸配列と90%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を有し、かつGPR142の活性を保持するヒトGPR142の機能的改変体をコードする遺伝子である、前項19記載のスクリーニング方法。
(A)GPR142アゴニスト又は製薬上許容される塩、及び製薬学的に許容される賦形剤を含有するFLG産生促進用医薬組成物。
(B)GPR142アゴニスト又は製薬上許容される塩、及び製薬学的に許容される賦形剤を含有する角層異常改善用医薬組成物。
(C)GPR142アゴニスト又は製薬上許容される塩、及び製薬学的に許容される賦形剤を含有する皮膚保湿用医薬組成物。
(D)GPR142アゴニスト又は製薬上許容される塩、及び製薬学的に許容される賦形剤を含有する皮膚バリア機能改善用医薬組成物。
(E)アトピー性皮膚炎の予防又は治療に用いられるものである、前記(A)~(D)記載の医薬組成物。
(F)疾患が尋常性魚鱗癬の予防又は治療に用いられるものである、前記(A)~(D)記載の医薬組成物。
(G)GPR142アゴニスト又は製薬上許容される塩、及び製薬学的に許容される賦形剤を含有するFLG産生低下に伴う疾患の予防用又は治療用医薬組成物。
(H)GPR142アゴニスト又は製薬上許容される塩、及び製薬学的に許容される賦形剤を含有する角層異常を伴う疾患の予防用又は治療用医薬組成物。
(I)GPR142アゴニスト又は製薬上許容される塩、及び製薬学的に許容される賦形剤を含有する皮膚水分保持能低下を伴う疾患の予防用又は治療用医薬組成物。
(J)GPR142アゴニスト又は製薬上許容される塩、及び製薬学的に許容される賦形剤を含有する皮膚バリア機能低下を伴う疾患の予防用又は治療用医薬組成物。
(K)疾患がアトピー性皮膚炎である、前記(G)~(J)記載の医薬組成物。
(L)疾患が尋常性魚鱗癬である、前記(G)~(J)記載の医薬組成物。
(M)FLG産生低下に伴う疾患の予防若しくは治療のためのGPR142アゴニスト又は製薬上許容される塩。
(N)角層異常を伴う疾患の予防若しくは治療のためのGPR142アゴニスト又は製薬上許容される塩。
(O)皮膚水分保持能低下を伴う疾患の予防若しくは治療のためのGPR142アゴニスト又は製薬上許容される塩。
(P)皮膚バリア機能低下を伴う疾患の予防若しくは治療のためのGPR142アゴニスト又は製薬上許容される塩。
(Q)予防若しくは治療の対象がアトピー性皮膚炎患者に含まれるものである、前記(M)~(P)記載の化合物又はその塩。
(R)予防若しくは治療の対象が尋常性魚鱗癬患者に含まれるものである、前記(M)~(P)記載の医薬組成物。
(S)GPR142アゴニスト又は製薬上許容される塩の有効量を対象に投与することからなるFLG産生促進方法。
(T)GPR142アゴニスト又は製薬上許容される塩の有効量を対象に投与することからなる角層異常を伴う疾患の予防若しくは治療方法。
(U)GPR142アゴニスト又は製薬上許容される塩の有効量を対象に投与することからなる皮膚水分保持能低下を伴う疾患の予防若しくは治療方法。
(V)GPR142アゴニスト又は製薬上許容される塩の有効量を対象に投与することからなる皮膚バリア機能低下を伴う疾患の予防若しくは治療方法。
(W)対象がFLG産生低下に伴うアトピー性皮膚炎患者である、前記(S)~(V)記載の方法。
(X)対象が尋常性魚鱗癬患者である、前記(S)~(V)記載の方法。
角層は、外界との境となり、外界からの内部の防御(乾燥などの外部環境から身を守るために体内からの水分放出を調整する作用や角層自身の水分を保持する作用)や内部物質の保持(外部からの物質やアレルゲンの侵入、紫外線などに対するバリア層としての作用)などの機能を持っている。例えば、アトピー性皮膚炎では皮膚の炎症のない部分でも毛孔一致性の丘疹を伴う皮膚の乾燥(カサカサ)が認められ、体表面の1平方メートルあたりから、皮膚表面から1時間に蒸散する水分量、即ち経皮水分蒸散量(transepidermal water loss: TEWL)を測定すると健常人(7.4g/h・m2程度)に比べて上昇している。従って、本発明において、角層の水分保持能及び/又はバリア機能の確認は、経皮水分蒸散量や皮膚の乾燥(カサカサ)の程度を測定することにより行うことができる。
細胞にGPR142を発現させるために使用する「GPR142遺伝子」としては、任意の哺乳動物由来のGPR142又はその活性を保持する機能的改変体をコードする遺伝子であればよく、特に限定されないが、ヒトGPR142をコードする遺伝子を使用するのが好ましい。具体的には、配列番号:1に記載のアミノ酸配列を有するヒトGPR142、又は配列番号:1で表わされるアミノ酸配列と90%以上、好ましくは、95%以上、特に好ましくは、98%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を有し、かつGPR142の活性を保持するヒトGPR142改変体をコードする塩基配列からなるヒトGPR142遺伝子を用いることができる。具体的には、GenBank accession number:NM_181790、AY288421(FEBS Lett. 554(3), 381-388(2003))に示す配列に基づくヒトGPR142遺伝子が挙げられる。配列番号:2に記載の塩基配列を有するヒトGPR142遺伝子を特に好適に使用することができる。
宿主細胞としては、酵母、昆虫細胞、動物細胞など公知のいずれのものも使用できるが、CHO細胞、COS細胞、HEK293(Human embryonic kidney293)細胞、NHEK(Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes)細胞、HaCaT(Human Skin keratinocyte)細胞、FreeStyleTM293-F細胞(インビトロジェン社)などが好適に使用することができる。
発現ベクターとしては、使用する宿主細胞の種類に応じたプロモーターを含むベクターを適宜選択する。ベクターとしては、例えば、pBR322、pBR325、pUC12、pUC13、pCXN(Gene 108:193-199(1991))、pUB110、pTP5、pC194、λファージ、レトロウイルス、バキュロウイルスなどが挙げられる。また、プロモーターとしてはTrpプロモーター、T7プロモーター、lacプロモーター、SPO1プロモーター、penPプロモーター、PHO5プロモーター、PGKプロモーター、GAPプロモーター、GALプロモーター、SV40プロモーター、レトロウイルスプロモーター、メタロチオネインプロモーター、AGプロモーターなどが挙げられる。
プロモーターの下流に上記GPR142遺伝子を結合した発現ベクターで、公知の方法に従って宿主細胞を形質転換して、スクリーニングに使用する「GPR142発現細胞」を作製することができる。かくして得られる「GPR142発現細胞」の培養液及び培養条件は使用する細胞の種類によって公知の範囲で適宜選択することができる。
例えば、GPR142のシグナル伝達活性は、アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性を指標として測定することができる。アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性は、例えば、細胞内におけるcAMP濃度(量)の測定により測定することができる。具体的には、例えば、GPR142発現細胞を、フォルスコリン、NKH-477(Colforsin daropate)、IBMX(1-メチル-3-イソブチルキサンチン)などの存在下、或いは、予めそれらで処理して当該細胞内のcAMP量を上昇させた後に被験物質と接触させ、cAMP EIA System(GEヘルスケア)、LANCE(R) cAMP Detection Kit(Perkin Elmer)、cAMP cell-based assay(Cisbio)、環状AMP EIAキット(Cayman Chemical)など用いて細胞内のcAMP量を測定することができる。GPR142アゴニストはアデニル酸シクラーゼ活性を抑制するので、GPR142の活性が促進されるとcAMPの産生が抑制される。
また、本発明においては、上記の指標によりGPR142アゴニスト活性を有するとして選択された被験物質がFLG産生低下に伴う疾患の治療に有効であるかを判断する工程をさらに含んでいてもよい。FLG産生促進活性を有するGPR142アゴニストの治療効果は、例えば、実施例10~14に示す方法により確認することができる。
N-(4-アミノ-2-メチル-6-キノリル)-2-[(4-エチルフェノキシ)メチル]ベンズアミド 塩酸塩(N-(4-Amino-2-methyl-6-quinolyl)-2-[(4-ethylphenoxy)methyl]benzamide hydrochloride;N-(4-Amino-2-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-[(4-ethylphenoxy)methyl]benzamide hydrochloride)
B)化合物2
イベルメクチン(TOCRIS社)
C)化合物3(フェニルアラニンアミド誘導体)
メチル2-(1-(1-メチル-3-(ピリジン-4-イル)-1H-ピラゾール-5-イルアミノ)-1-オキソ-3-フェニルプロパン-2-イルアミノ)アセテート 2塩酸塩(Methyl 2-(1-(1-methyl-3-(pyridine-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-ylamino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-ylamino)acetate dihydrochloride)
D)比較化合物1(J113397)(特許文献7に記載の化合物)
1-[(3R, 4R)-1-シクロオクチルメチル-3-ヒドロキシメチル-4-ピペリジル]-3-エチル-1,3-ジヒドロ-2H-ベンズイミダゾール-2-オン 塩酸塩(1-[(3R,4R)-1-(Cyclooctylmethyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-piperidyl]-3-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one) hydrochloride)
E)比較化合物2(スクリプタイド(TOCRIS社))
6-(1,3-ジオキソ-1H,3H-ベンゾ[de]イソキノリン-2-イル)ヘキサン酸ヒドロキシアミド
(6-(1,3-Dioxo-1H,3H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2-yl) hexanoic acid hydroxyamide)
F)比較化合物3(3M344(TOCRIS社))
4-ジメチルアミノ-N-(6-ヒドロキシカルバモイルヘキシル)-ベンズアミド(4-Dimethylamino-N-(6-hydroxycarbamoylhexyl) benzamide)
本実施例では、NHEK細胞(正常ヒト新生児表皮角化細胞)を用いてN-キノリルベンズアミド誘導体(化合物1)によるFLGプロモーターの転写活性を確認した。FLGプロモーターの転写活性は、ルシフェラーゼアッセイにより行った。
2)ルシフェラーゼレポーターベクター(pGL4 Luciferase Reporter Vectors, Promega社)のクローニングサイトに、FLG転写開始点(エクソン1上の「CTTTTGGTGAACAAG」)から約2.2Kb上流までのプロモーター領域を組み込んで、2.2Kb FLGプロモーターとルシフェラーゼを含むプラスミドDNAを作製した。FLG転写開始点から5'側上流のプロモーター領域を含む配列は、例えば、Ensembl Genome Browser 64:Homo sapiens-Exons-TranscriptのFLG-001(ENST00000368799)に記載されており、下記のホームページにより確認できる。
(http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Transcript/Exons?db=core;g=ENSG00000143631;r=1:152274651-152297679;t=ENST00000368799)
上記1)の条件下にて培養1日後、96ウェルプレートの1ウェルあたり、上記プラスミドDNAを0.1μgをOPTI-MEM(Invitrogen社)10μlに加え、さらに導入用試薬(TransIT(R) -LT1 Transfection Reagent, Mirus社) 0.3μlを加えて、室温でNHEK細胞にトランスフェクションした。
3) 上記2)よりさらに培養1日後、下記A)又はB)の薬剤をジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)に溶解し、1ウェルあたり1μMとなるように添加した。また、C)の薬剤を同様に1ウェルあたり1μM及び0.1μMとなるように添加した。さらに、A)又はB)とカルシウム(Ca)を含む系についても確認した。CaとしてCaCl2(Ca換算で1.45 mM)を用いた。
A)化合物1(N-キノリルベンズアミド誘導体)
B)比較化合物1(J113397)
C)比較化合物2(スクリプタイド)
対照例としては、溶媒のみ(対照)又はCaCl2のみ(カルシウム)とした。なお、Caイオンはin vitroでの皮膚角化細胞の分化促進に関与している。
4)上記3)の薬剤添加3日後、ルシフェラーゼアッセイ用試薬(Bright-Glo(R) Luciferase Assay System, Promega社)を使用し、そのプロトコールに従ってルシフェラーゼ活性を測定した。薬剤処理した細胞をリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)にて2回洗浄後、DMEM培地(Invitrogen社)を50μl加え、次いで、Bright-Glo(R) 試薬を50μl加えた。2分静置後、その70μlについてルシフェラーゼの吸光度を測定した。
図1(a)(b)及び(c)の結果から、化合物1がFLGプロモーターの転写活性を有することが確認された。また、比較化合物2にFLGプロモーターの転写活性が見られた。これに対し、ノシセプチンアンタゴニストとして知られる比較化合物1(J113397)にはFLGプロモーターの転写活性はないことが確認された。
本実施例では、NHEK細胞を用いて化合物1又は化合物2によるFLG mRNA発現上昇効果を確認した。
2)上記1)の条件下にて培養1日後、化合物1又は化合物2のDMSO溶液を1ウェル当たり10 nMとなるように添加した上記1)の培養液で培地交換を行い、37℃、5%C02の条件下にて培養した。この操作を1日毎に繰り返し、3日間培養した。
3)NHEK細胞(Invitrogen社)5×104個/ウェルを24ウェルプレートに播種し、次いで、上記1)の培養液に、さらにCaとしてCaCl2(Ca換算で1.2 mM)を加えた培養液500μlを添加し、37℃、5%C02の条件下にて培養した。培養1日後に、Caを含む同培養液で培地交換して、さらに1日間培養した(カルシウムプライミング)。その後、化合物1又は化合物2のDMSO溶液を1ウェル当たり10 nMとなるように添加した上記1)の培養液で培地交換を行い、さらに1日間培養した。なお、上記2)及び3)の対照例としては溶媒のみ(vehicle)を添加した。
4)抽出試薬(TRIzol(R)、Invitrogen社)を用い、そのプロトコールに従って、上記2)及び3)で薬剤(化合物1又は化合物2)処理した各細胞について全RNAを抽出した。逆転写酵素試薬(Prime Script(R), Takara社)を用い、そのプロトコールに従って全RNAのcDNAを作製した。次いで、下記のプライマー及びSYBR(R) Premix Ex Taq (Takara社) を使用し、そのプロトコールに従って、CFX96リアルタイムPCR装置(バイオラッド社)でリアルタイムPCRを行い、FLG mRNA量を測定した。測定結果はGAPDH(グリセルアルデヒド-3-リン酸脱水素酵素)比で示した。
使用したプライマーの配列を以下に示す。
FLG Forward primer : 5'-GCTGAAGGAACTTCTGGAAAAGG-3' (配列番号:3)
FLG Reverse primer : 5'-GTTGTGGTCTATATCCAAGTGATC-3' (配列番号:4)
GAPDH Forward primer: 5'-GTCTCCTCTGACTTCAACAGCG-3' (配列番号:5)
GAPDH Reverse primer: 5'-ACCACCCTGTTGCTGTAGCCAA-3' (配列番号:6)
図2に示す通り、NHEK細胞において、化合物1及び化合物2が、FLG mRNAの発現を上昇させることが確認された。また、カルシウムプライミングによりそのFLG mRNAの発現をさらに上昇させることが確認された。NHEK細胞を用いてFLG産生のCell-based assayを行う場合は、カルシウムプライミングを行う方が好ましい。
本実施例では、NHEK細胞に関し、GPCRアレイを用いて化合物1によるGPCRの発現上昇効果を確認した。
2)次いで、化合物1のDMSO溶液を1ウェル当たり1μMとなるように添加し、培地交換なしでさらに3日間培養した。また、CaとしてCaCl2(Ca換算で1.5 mM)のみを添加した系及び化合物1とCaとしてCaCl2(Ca換算で1.5 mM)との併用系についても同様にして3日間培養した。対照例としては溶媒のみ(vehicle)を添加した。
3)抽出試薬(TRIzol(R)、Invitrogen社)を用い、そのプロトコールに従って、上記2)で処理した各細胞について全RNAを抽出した。逆転写酵素試薬(Prime Script(R), Takara社)を用い、そのプロトコールに従って全RNAのcDNAを作製した。次いで、TaqMan (R) human GPCR アレイ(AB 4365295、Applied Biosystems社)を使用し、ABI PRISM(R)7900HT 遺伝子解析装置(Applied Biosystems社)により解析した。測定結果はコントロールの18SリボソームRNAとのサイクル数比較(ΔCt値)で示した(比較Ct法)。
化合物1及び/又はカルシウム処理によって、対照に比べて発現が顕著に上昇したGPCR結果を表1に示した。表1に示す通り、NHEK細胞において、カルシウムはGPR142 mRNAの発現を誘導することが分かった。また、化合物1及び化合物1とカルシウムとの併用系はGPR142 mRNA及びGPR22 mRNAの発現を誘導することが確認された。
本実施例では、NHEK細胞に関し、化合物1によるGPR142 mRNA及びGPR22 mRNAの発現誘導効果を確認した。
2)上記1)の条件下にて培養1日後、化合物1のDMSO溶液を1ウェルあたり1μMとなるように添加した上記1)の培養液で1日毎に培地交換して3日間培養した。また、化合物1の代わりに、CaとしてCaCl2(Ca換算で1.2 mM)を使用した系及びCa(Ca換算で1.2 mM)と化合物1(1ウェルあたり1μM)との併用系についても同様に3日間培養した。対照としては溶媒のみ(vehicle)を添加した。
3)抽出試薬(TRIzol(R)、Invitrogen社)を用い、そのプロトコールに従って、上記薬剤処理した各細胞について全RNAを抽出した。逆転写酵素試薬(Prime Script(R), Takara社)を用い、そのプロトコールに従って全RNAのcDNAを作製した。下記のプライマー及びSYBR(R) Premix Ex Taq(Takara社)を使用し、そのプロトコールに従って、CFX96リアルタイムPCR装置でリアルタイムPCRを行い、GPR142 mRNA及びGPR22 mRNAの発現量を測定した。測定結果はGAPDH比で示した。
GPR142 Forward primer :5'-CTTGTCTCAGCCATTCCAGGTG-3' (配列番号:7)
GPR142 Reverse primer :5'-GATCCTTACGCAGACACTGAGC-3' (配列番号:8)
GPR22 Forward primer :5'-CCACACAACATGAGGCTACAGAC-3' (配列番号:9)
GPR22 Reverse primer :5'-CTTTCTCGTCGTTCACGGTGTC-3' (配列番号:10)
GAPDH Forward primer :5'-GTCTCCTCTGACTTCAACAGCG-3' (配列番号:5)
GAPDH Reverse primer :5'-ACCACCCTGTTGCTGTAGCCAA-3' (配列番号:6)
本実施例では、NHEK細胞に関し、化合物1による、GPR142 mRNA及びFLG mRNAの発現誘導効果がGPR142のRNAiでブロックされることを確認した。
2)上記1)の条件下にて培養1日後、上記1)の培養液に、さらにCaとしてCaCl2(Ca換算で1.2 mM)加えた培養液で培地交換し、37℃、5%C02の条件下にて培養した。培養1日後に、Caを含む同培養液で培地交換して、さらに1日間培養した。
3)上記2)のNHEK細胞に、24ウェルプレートの1ウェルあたり50 nMのsiRNAを、導入試薬リポフェクタミン RNA Max(Invitrogen社)を用い、そのプロトコールに従ってトランスフェクションした。
GPR142-1(#HSS139493):
Sense Sequence : GGCGUCAUCCCUGUCAUCUACUACA; (配列番号:11)
Antisense Sequence: UGUAGUAGAUGACAGGGAUG; (配列番号:12)
GPR142-2(#HSS139494):
Sense Sequence : CCAACAUCCUGGAGUUUGCUGCCAA; (配列番号:13)
Antisense Sequence: UUGGCAGCAAACUCCAGGAUGU; (配列番号:14)
GPR142-3(#HSS179846):
Sense Sequence : GCUGUCCUGAGUGCUGCCCUGUUGA; (配列番号:15)
Antisense Sequence: UCAACAGGGCAGCACUCAGGAC; (配列番号:16)
Control -1(LOW GC, #129350-200):
Sense Sequence : GGAUGUCAACUUGAGCAACUUAUUU; (配列番号:17)
Antisense Sequence: AAAUAAGUUGCUCAAGUUGACAUCC; (配列番号:18)
Control -2(MED GC, #129350-300);
Sense Sequence : GGUAGGUGAGUGUACAGACGCAAUA; (配列番号:19)
Antisense Sequence: UAUUGCGUCUGUACACUCACCUACC; (配列番号:20)
Control-3(HIGH GC, #129350-400):
Sense Sequence :GGCGGCUCGUGCAACACAGGCGCUU; (配列番号:21)
Anti Sense Sequence:AAGCGCCUGUGUUGCACGAGCCGCC; (配列番号:22)
5)抽出試薬(TRIzol(R)、Invitrogen社)を用い、そのプロトコールに従って、上記薬剤処理した各細胞について全RNAを抽出した。逆転写酵素試薬(Prime Script(R), Takara社)を用い、そのプロトコールに従って全RNAのcDNAを作製した。下記のプライマー及びSYBR(R) Premix Ex Taq(Takara社)を使用し、そのプロトコールに従って、CFX96リアルタイムPCR装置でリアルタイムPCRを行い、GPR142 mRNA及びFLG mRNA発現量を測定した。測定結果はGAPDH比で示した。
GPR142 Forward primer :5'-CTTGTCTCAGCCATTCCAGGTG-3' (配列番号:7)
GPR142 Reverse primer :5'-GATCCTTACGCAGACACTGAGC-3' (配列番号:8)
FLG Forward primer :5'-GCTGAAGGAACTTCTGGAAAAGG-3' (配列番号:3)
FLG Reverse primer :5'-GTTGTGGTCTATATCCAAGTGATC-3' (配列番号:4)
GAPDH Forward primer :5'-GTCTCCTCTGACTTCAACAGCG-3' (配列番号:5)
GAPDH Reverse primer :5'-ACCACCCTGTTGCTGTAGCCAA-3' (配列番号:6)
本実施例では、NHEK細胞に関し、化合物2又は3による、GPR142 mRNA及びFLG mRNAの発現誘導効果がGPR142のRNAiでブロックされることを確認した。
図5に示す通り、化合物1と同様、化合物2及び化合物3によるFLG mRNAの発現誘導もGPR142を介するものであることが確認された。
本参考例では、NHEK細胞に関し、化合物1によるFLG mRNAの発現誘導効果がGPR22のRNAiによるブロックで抑制されないことを確認した。
2)上記1)より1日後、カルシウムを加えた培地を毎日交換し、2日間培養(プライミング)した。
3)上記2)より、24ウェルプレートの1ウェルあたり10 nMのsiRNAを導入試薬リポフェクタミン RNA Max(Invitrogen社)を用い、そのプロトコールに従ってNHEK細胞にトランスフェクションした。
用いたsiRNAの配列を以下に示す。
GPR22-1(#HSS104365):
Sense Sequence :UAGUCAUGGCUUAUGGAACAACUAU (配列番号:23)
Anti Sense Sequence:AUAGUUGUUCCAUAAGCCAUGACUA (配列番号:24)
GPR22-2(#HSS104367):
Sense Sequence :GAGUUGUUUCUAUAGUAGAAGCUGA (配列番号:25)
Anti Sense Sequence:UCAGCUUCUACUAUAGAAACAACUC (配列番号:26)
GPR22-3(#HSS178711):
Sense Sequence :GGCAGAGCUGUAAUGUUAAUGAUAU (配列番号:27)
Anti Sense Sequence:AUAUCAUUAACAUUACAGCUCUGCC (配列番号:28)
Control-1(Low GC, #129350-200):
Sense Sequence :GGAUGUCAACUUGAGCAACUUAUUU (配列番号:17)
Anti Sense Sequence:AAAUAAGUUGCUCAAGUUGACAUCC (配列番号:18)
Control-2(MED GC, #129350-300):
Sense Sequence :GGUAGGUGAGUGUACAGACGCAAUA (配列番号:19)
Anti Sense Sequence:UAUUGCGUCUGUACACUCACCUACC (配列番号:20)
Control-3(HIGH GC, #129350-400):
Sense Sequence :GGCGGCUCGUGCAACACAGGCGCUU (配列番号:21)
Anti Sense Sequence:AAGCGCCUGUGUUGCACGAGCCGCC (配列番号:22)
5)抽出試薬(TRIzol(R)、Invitrogen社)を用い、そのプロトコールに従って、上記薬剤処理した各細胞について全RNAを抽出した。逆転写酵素試薬(Prime Script(R), Takara社)を用い、そのプロトコールに従って全RNAのcDNAを作製した。SYBR(R) Premix Ex Taq(Takara社)を使用し、そのプロトコールに従って、CFX96リアルタイムPCR装置でリアルタイムPCRを行い、GPR22 mRNA及びFLG mRNA量を測定した。測定結果はGAPDH比で示した。
図6に示す通り、カルシウム、化合物1及びカルシウムと化合物1の併用系において、GPR22のsiRNAにより、GPR22 mRNAの発現がコントロールに比べて抑制されたが、FLG mRNAの発現は抑制されなかった。実施例5及び6の結果から、化合物1によるFLG mRNAの発現はGPR142を介するものであることが確認された。
本実施例では、GPR142過剰発現NHEK細胞に関し、化合物1によるFLG mRNAの発現誘導効果を確認した。
2)配列番号:2に示す塩基配列を含むヒトGPR142遺伝子コーディング領域を哺乳類発現ベクターpCXN(Gene 108:193-199(1991))のクローニングサイトの制限部位EcoRIに組み込み、GPR142pCXN哺乳類発現ベクターを作製した。
3)上記1)の条件にて1日培養後、1ウェルあたり0.5μgのGPR142哺乳類発現ベクターpCXNを、導入試薬Fugene(R)HD(Promega社)を用い、そのプロトコールに従ってNHEK細胞にトランスフェクションした。コントロールとして哺乳類発現ベクターpCXNのみをトランスフェクションした。
4)上記によりトランスフェクションして1日培養後、化合物1のDMSO溶液を、1ウェルあたり10 nMとなるように添加した培養液で培地交換し、さらに1日間培養した。対照としては溶媒のみ(vehicle)を添加した。
5)抽出試薬(TRIzol(R)、Invitrogen社)を用い、そのプロトコールに従って、上記薬剤処理した各細胞について全RNAを抽出した。逆転写酵素試薬(Prime Script(R), Takara社)を用い、そのプロトコールに従って全RNAのcDNAを作製した。実施例4で使用したGPR142、FLG及びGAPDHと同様のプライマー及びSYBR(R) Premix Ex Taq(Takara社)を使用し、そのプロトコールに従って、CFX96リアルタイムPCR装置でリアルタイムPCRを行い、GPR142 mRNA 及び、FLG mRNA量を測定した。測定結果はGAPDH比で示した。
図7に示す通り、GPR142を過剰発現するNHEK細胞において、化合物1によって、FLG mRNAの発現が増加することが確認された。これらのことから、GPR142がFLGの発現に関与しており、化合物1はGPR142を介してFLGを発現していることが確認された。さらにまた、化合物1によりGPR142がNHEK細胞に誘導されることが確認された(GPR142 mRNAの発現量が対照に比べて約2.2倍増加した。)。
本実施例では、化合物1によるcAMPの産生抑制効果を確認した。
2)実施例7の2)と同様にしてGPR142PCXN哺乳類発現ベクターを作製した。
3)上記1)の条件にて1日培養後、1ウェルあたり0.2μgのGPR142PCXN哺乳類発現ベクターを、導入試薬Fugene(R)HD(Promega社)を用い、そのプロトコールに従ってHEK293T細胞にトランスフェクションした。コントロールとしてPCXN哺乳類発現ベクターのみをトランスフェクションしたものを用いた。
4)上記によりトランスフェクションして1日培養後、HEK293T細胞を1 mMのcAMPホスフォジエステラーゼ阻害物質であるイソブチルメチルキサンチン(IBMX)を添加後、10分間、37℃で培養した。
5)次いで、化合物1のDMSO溶液を、1ウェルあたり0.1 nM~1000 nM、10μMフォルスコリン、1mM IBMXとなるように添加した培養液で培地に交換し、さらに20分間、37℃で培養した。対照としては溶媒(vehicle)、10μMフォルスコリン、1 mM IBMXを添加した。
6)上記5)で培養した細胞をHCl 0.1 mol/Lで溶解した。細胞内cAMP濃度を、環状AMP EIAキット(Cayman Chemical社)を使用し、そのプロトコールに従って測定した。結果は対照例のcAMP濃度を100%とし、それに対する化合物1で処理した細胞のcAMP濃度の割合(%)で表した。
本実施例では、化合物2又は3によるcAMPの産生抑制効果を確認した。
本実施例では、三次元培養皮膚を用いて化合物1によるFLG mRNAの発現上昇効果を調べた。FLG mRNAの発現は、リアルタイムPCR法により測定した。
2)培養2日後、下記A)又はC)の薬剤をDMSOに溶解し、1μMとなるように培地に加え、細胞の薬剤処理を行った。
A)化合物1(N-キノリルベンズアミド誘導体)
C)比較化合物2(スクリプタイド)
対照例としては、溶媒のみ(vehicle)を添加した。
3)さらに培養2日後(培養開始後4日目)、上記薬剤を加えた培地で培地交換した。さらに培養3日後(培養開始後7日目)、三次元培養した皮膚を回収し、液体窒素で凍結後-30℃で保存した。
4) RNA抽出用試薬(RNeasy(R), QIAGEN社)を用い、そのプロトコールに従って、上記薬剤処理した各細胞について全RNAを抽出した。逆転写酵素試薬(Prime Script(R), TaKaRa社)を用い、そのプロトコールに従って全RNAからcDNAを作製した。 Light Cycler 480 SYBR Green I Master(Roche社)を使用し、そのプロトコールに従ってリアルタイムPCRを行い、FLG mRNA量を測定した。測定結果はGAPDH比で示した。
本実施例では、三次元培養皮膚を用いて化合物1によるFLGモノマーの発現上昇効果を調べた。FLGモノマーの発現は、ウエスタンブロッティング法により確認した。
4)実施例10の1)~3)と同手法により三次元培養した皮膚を回収し、ハサミでバラバラにした後、Lysis緩衝液(0.1 M Tris-HCl(pH 9.0), 6M Urea, 1% 2-mercapto-ethanol, 1% SDS, 1 mM EDTA, Protease inhibitor cocktail)を100μl加え、電動ペッスルでホモジナイズした。ホモジナイズした細胞を15,000 rpm、4℃で20分間遠心処理し、その上清を回収し、測定用試料とした。プロテインアッセイ試薬(BIO-RAD社)を使用し、プロトコールに従って試料中の全蛋白質を定量した。各試料について、15μg/laneとなるように蛋白質を調整し、SDS-PAGE(Invitrogen社、NuPAE Novex Bis-Tris mini Gel 4-12%)で、100V、2時間の条件で電気泳動を行なった。マーカーとしてPrecision Plus Protein Standards(BIO-RAD社)を用いた。電気泳動で分離した蛋白質をPVDF膜に転写(ブロッティング)し、抗FLG抗体(Filaggrin AKH1, Santa Crus社)によりFLGモノマーの発現を確認した。その際、二次抗体としてAnti-mouse IgG-HRP(GE Healthcare社)を使用し、発色剤としてAmersham ECL Plus Western Blotting Detection Reagents(GE Healthcare社)を使用した。
本実施例では、ヒト正常皮膚を用いて化合物1(N-キノリルベンズアミド誘導体)によるFLGモノマーの発現上昇効果を調べた。FLGモノマーの発現は、抗ヒトFLG抗体による組織免疫染色法により確認した。培地は、正常ヒト表皮角化細胞増殖用培地(HuMedia-KG2, クラボウ社)を用いた。なお、本実施例では、皮膚疾患部の摘出術に伴い余剰となった正常皮膚の部分を、京都大学の倫理委員会を経て提供者の承諾の下に使用した。
2)4日後に上記培養した皮膚を回収し、10%ホルマリンに一晩浸けた後、常法に従い6mm厚のパラフィン切片を作製した。常法により脱パラフィン後、一次抗体として抗ヒトFLG抗体(抗ヒトFilaggrin抗体sc-66192, Santa Cruz社)を用い、二次抗体としてビオチン化抗マウスIgG抗体(eBioscience社)を用い、ジアミノベンジジン(DAB)にて発色させ、組織免疫染色によりFLG蛋白の発現状況を確認した。
本実施例では、FLG遺伝子のホモ又はヘテロ変異型マウス(Jackson Laboratory、flaky tail mice)を用いて、化合物1(N-キノリルベンズアミド誘導体)によるFLGモノマーの発現上昇効果を確認した。FLG蛋白の発現は、ウエスタンブロッティング法により確認した。
2)3日後、さらに化合物1又は超純水を同様に皮内注射した。
3)8日後、各マウスの耳を麻酔下で切り取り、当該切り取った耳の軟骨を挟んで耳の皮膚を剥がし、真皮側を20 mM EDTA含有PBSに37 ℃で30分間浸けた。次に耳の表皮を剥がし50 mlの Lysis緩衝液(0.1 M Tris-HCl(pH 9.0), 6M Urea, 1% 2-mercapto-ethanol, 1% SDS, 1 mM EDTA, Protease inhibitor cocktail)を加えて電動ペッスルでホモジナイズ後、上記実施例11の4)と同様に試料を調製し、電気泳動後ウエスタンブロット法により、FLGモノマーの発現を確認した。一次抗体は抗マウスFLG抗体(抗マウスFilaggrin抗体、COVANCE社)1μg/mlを使用し、二次抗体としてAnti-rabbit IgG-HRP(GE Healthcare社)を使用し、発色剤としてAmersham ECL Plus Western Blotting Detection Reagents(GE Healthcare社)を使用した。
6~10週齢のダニ付きアトピー性皮膚炎発症NC/Ngaマウス(日本SLC社)を通常の環境下で飼育しながら実験を行った。すなわち、耳介及び頭部を中心に皮膚炎が出現しているNC/Ngaマウスに化合物1をメチルセルロース溶液(0.5 W/V%Methyl Cellulose 400 Solution、Wako、133-14255)に0.75 mg/mlとなるように溶解した溶液500μlを隔日で内服投与(マウスに1回当たり、化合物1を0.375 mg投与)して、皮膚炎の改善効果を測定した。対照としてメチルセルロース溶液500μlを隔日で内服投与した。
臨床症状に関して、紅斑、浮腫、びらん、鱗屑の4項目について、視診により、なし(0)、弱い(1)、普通(2)、ひどい(3)の4段階に分けて評価を行った。内服開始前(0 wk)、内服4週間後(4 wk)、8週間後(8 wk)において、上記4項目の評価を合算してスコア化し、モデルマウスの臨床症状をクリニカルスコアとして測定した。さらに、内服8週間で内服を終了し、その後、同条件下で飼育を継続した。内服終了してから4週間後(内服開始から12 wk)に臨床症状を同様にしてスコア化した。それらの結果を図14に示した。
図14から明らかなように、化合物1の内服開始後8週後において皮膚炎の症状は改善されていた。また、内服終了後4週間目においても対照に比べて皮膚炎の症状は抑えられていた。
上記(i)において、内服開始後8週間及び12週間におけるTEWLの計測を帯型閉鎖チャンバー方式水分蒸散量測定装置VAPO SCAN AS-VT100RS(ASAHI BIOMED社)を使用し、そのマニュアルに従って行った。その結果を図15(a)及び(b)に示した。
図15(a)から明らかなように、対照の発症NC/Ngaマウスでは8週間後におけるTEWLは約60 g/h・m2と高い値であったのに対し、化合物1を内服した発症NC/Ngaマウスでは約10 g/h・m2と低い数値であった。未発症NC/NgaマウスのTEWLが5~10 g/h・m2であることから、化合物1により水分蒸散量が未発症マウスと同程度まで改善されたことが分かった。また、図15(b)から、内服終了後4週間目(内服開始後12週間)においても、対照に比べて水分蒸散量が抑えられていることが分かった。これらの結果から、化合物1は、アトピー性皮膚炎に伴う皮膚の角層異常の改善に有用であることが分かった。
上記(i)において、内服開始から12週間目(8週間目で内服を終了)における発症NC/Ngaマウスの外観を図16(a)及び(b)に示した。
図16(a)から明らかなように、対照のマウスにおいては、眼の周り、頭部、耳介部分の臨床症状が劣悪な状態であった。また、頭部の脱毛も観察された。一方、図16(b)から明らかなように、化合物1を投与したマウスにおいては、内服投与を終了してから4週間後においても、耳介部分に一部軽度の湿疹の再発が観察されたが、ほぼ良好な臨床症状が維持されていた。
特許文献6(特開2004-175687号公報)にはヘアレスマウスの皮膚にテープストリッピングを施して物理的に皮膚バリア破壊した後、cAMPアンタゴニストを塗布することによって細胞内カルシウムのレベルを低下させ、当該バリアを回復することが記載されている。
当該特許文献にcAMPアンタゴニストとして例示されている多くの化合物((-)-キンピロール塩酸塩、(+)-PD128907、PD168077、8-ヒドロキシPIPAT、オキソトレモリン、(S)-3,4-DCPG、SNC80、SB205607、BRL-52537、SCH23390、CY208-243、RS39604、RS23597-190、ピモジド、ICI-118,551、ベタキソール)について、FLG mRNAの発現促進効果を確認した。
HaCaT細胞を、J. Investigative Dermatology (2011)131:1660-1667に記載された培養条件下に、上記化合物1~10μMの濃度で処理した後、全RNAを抽出してRT-PCRにてFLG mRNAを測定したが、FLG mRNAの発現は見られなかった。これにより、cAMPアンタゴニストであれば、必ずFLGの産生促進活性があるということではないことが確認された。
これに対し、GPR142アゴニストは、cAMPアンタゴニストとしての作用を有するものの、上記各実施例に示したように、FLGの産生促進作用を有する。従って、本願発明は、特許文献6に記載の発明とは明らかに相違することが確認された。
6~10週齢のダニ付きアトピー性皮膚炎発症NC/Ngaマウス(日本SLC社)を通常の環境下で飼育しながら実験を行った。すなわち、耳介及び頭部を中心に皮膚炎が出現しているNC/Ngaマウスに、化合物1をメチルセルロース溶液(0.5W/V%Methyl Cellulose 400 Solution、Wako、133-14255)に1.5mg/mlとなるように溶解した溶液500μlを隔日で内服投与(マウスに1回当たり、化合物1を0.75mg投与)した。対照としてメチルセルロース溶液500μlを隔日で内服投与した。化合物1投与群及び対照群共、それぞれ5頭のマウスで実験を行った。
Claims (20)
- GPR142アゴニストを有効成分として含有するフィラグリン(FLG)産生低下に伴う疾患治療剤。
- FLG産生低下に伴う疾患が、皮膚疾患である請求項1記載の疾患治療剤。
- 皮膚疾患が、アトピー性皮膚炎である、請求項2記載の疾患治療剤。
- 皮膚疾患が、尋常性魚鱗癬である、請求項2記載の疾患治療剤。
- GPR142アゴニストが、N-(4-アミノ-2-メチル-6-キノリル)-2-[(4-エチルフェノキシ)メチル]ベンズアミド又は製薬上許容されるその塩である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の疾患治療剤。
- 請求項6記載の一般式(I)において、R1及びR2は水素原子を表し、R3はメチル基を表し、R4はエトキシカルボニル基又はヒドロキシカルボニル基を表し、R5、R6及びR7は水素原子を表すものである、請求項6記載の疾患治療剤。
- GPR142アゴニストが、イベルメクチンである、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の疾患治療剤。
- FLG産生低下に伴う疾患の症状を改善するためのFLG産生低下に伴う疾患治療剤であって、GPR142アゴニストを有効成分として含有することを特徴とするFLG産生低下に伴う疾患治療剤。
- FLG産生低下に伴う疾患が、皮膚疾患である請求項9記載の疾患治療剤。
- アトピー性皮膚炎に伴う皮膚の角層の水分保持能及び/又はバリア機能低下を改善するためのアトピー性皮膚炎治療剤であって、GPR142アゴニストを有効成分として含有することを特徴とするアトピー性皮膚炎治療剤。
- GPR142アゴニストを有効成分として含有する、FLG産生促進剤。
- FLG産生低下に伴う疾患の症状を呈する患者に、GPR142アゴニストを有効成分として含有する薬剤を有効量投与して、当該患者の症状を改善することを特徴とするFLG産生低下に伴う疾患を治療する方法。
- FLG産生が低下しているアトピー性皮膚炎患者に、GPR142アゴニストを有効成分として含有する薬剤を有効量投与して、当該患者のアトピー性皮膚炎に伴う皮膚の角層異常を改善することを特徴とするアトピー性皮膚炎を治療する方法。
- 被験物質がGPR142の活性又は発現を促進し得るか否かを評価することを含む、FLG産生低下に伴う疾患治療剤のスクリーニング方法。
- 以下の(a)~(c)の工程を含む、請求項15記載のスクリーニング方法。
(a) GPR142発現細胞又はその膜画分と被験物質とを接触させる工程、
(b)当該被験物質と接触させた後の当該細胞又はその膜画分におけるGPR142の活性又は発現を測定する工程、及び
(c)当該細胞又はその膜画分におけるGPR142の活性又は発現を促進し得る物質を選択する工程。 - FLG産生低下に伴う疾患が皮膚疾患である、請求項15又は16記載のスクリーニング方法。
- 皮膚疾患が、アトピー性皮膚炎である、請求項17記載のスクリーニング方法。
- GPR142発現細胞が、GPR142遺伝子を含む発現ベクターで形質転換して得られたものである、請求項15~18のいずれか1項に記載のスクリーニング方法。
- GPR142遺伝子が、配列番号:1で表わされるアミノ酸配列を有するヒトGPR142遺伝子又は当該アミノ酸配列と90%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を有し、かつGPR142の活性を保持するヒトGPR142の機能的改変体をコードする遺伝子である、請求項19記載のスクリーニング方法。
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| US14/414,940 US20150190416A1 (en) | 2012-07-26 | 2013-07-12 | Filaggrin production promoter, therapeutic agent for diseases associated with reduction in production of filaggrin, and method for screening for said therapeutic agent |
| JP2014526853A JPWO2014017319A1 (ja) | 2012-07-26 | 2013-07-12 | フィラグリン産生促進剤、フィラグリン産生低下に伴う疾患治療剤及び当該治療剤のスクリーニング方法 |
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| DE102017212648A1 (de) * | 2017-07-24 | 2019-01-24 | Beiersdorf Ag | Wirkstoffkombinationen aus N-(4-amino-2-methylchinolin-6-yl)-2-((4-ethylphenoxy)methyl)benzamid und einen oder mehreren kosmetisch oder dermatologisch unbedenklichen UV-Filtersubstanzen |
| DE102017212646A1 (de) * | 2017-07-24 | 2019-01-24 | Beiersdorf Ag | Wirkstoffkombinationen aus N-(4-amino-2-methylchinolin-6-yl)-2-((4-ethylphenoxy)methyl)benzamid und einen oder mehreren kosmetisch oder dermatologisch unbedenklichen Duftstoffen |
| DE102017212649A1 (de) * | 2017-07-24 | 2019-01-24 | Beiersdorf Ag | Verwendung von N-(4-amino-2-methylchinolin-6-yl)-2-((4-ethylphenoxy)methyl)benzamid zur Herstellung von kosmetischen oder dermatologischen Zubereitungen zur Behandlung und/oder Prophylaxe der Symptome der intrinsischen und/oder extrinsischen Hautalterung sowie zur Behandlung und Prophylaxe der schädlichen Auswirkungen ultravioletter Strahlung auf die Haut |
| DE102017212647A1 (de) * | 2017-07-24 | 2019-01-24 | Beiersdorf Ag | Wirkstoffkombinationen aus N-(4-amino-2-methylchinolin-6-yl)-2-((4-ethylphenoxy)methyl) und einem oder mehreren kosmetisch oder dermatologisch unbedenklichen Konservierungsmitteln und/oder Konservierungshelfern |
| WO2022122167A1 (en) | 2020-12-11 | 2022-06-16 | Symrise Ag | Medicament for preventing or treating pathologic conditions of human skin (i) |
| CN118772029A (zh) * | 2023-04-10 | 2024-10-15 | 中国医学科学院药物研究所 | 一类抗特应性皮炎活性烯胺酮类化合物、其制备及用途 |
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| WO2015079016A1 (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2015-06-04 | Galderma Sa | Compound of the avermectin family or of the milbemycin family for the treatment and/or prevention of atopic dermatitis |
| JP2016538311A (ja) * | 2013-11-29 | 2016-12-08 | ガルデルマ・ソシエテ・アノニム | アトピー性皮膚炎の治療及び/又は予防のためのアベルメクチンファミリー又はミルベマイシンファミリーの化合物 |
| JP2019031572A (ja) * | 2013-11-29 | 2019-02-28 | ガルデルマ・ソシエテ・アノニム | アトピー性皮膚炎の治療及び/又は予防のためのアベルメクチンファミリー又はミルベマイシンファミリーの化合物 |
| US10398720B2 (en) | 2013-11-29 | 2019-09-03 | Galderma Sa | Compound of the avermectin family or of the milbemycin family for the treatment and/or prevention of atopic dermatitis |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20150190416A1 (en) | 2015-07-09 |
| EP2878309A4 (en) | 2016-06-08 |
| EP2878309A1 (en) | 2015-06-03 |
| JPWO2014017319A1 (ja) | 2016-07-11 |
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