WO2014017183A1 - 電極箔及び有機発光デバイス - Google Patents
電極箔及び有機発光デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014017183A1 WO2014017183A1 PCT/JP2013/065824 JP2013065824W WO2014017183A1 WO 2014017183 A1 WO2014017183 A1 WO 2014017183A1 JP 2013065824 W JP2013065824 W JP 2013065824W WO 2014017183 A1 WO2014017183 A1 WO 2014017183A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/805—Electrodes
- H10K50/81—Anodes
- H10K50/818—Reflective anodes, e.g. ITO combined with thick metallic layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/805—Electrodes
- H10K50/82—Cathodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K2102/301—Details of OLEDs
- H10K2102/351—Thickness
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
- H10K50/856—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising reflective means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
- H10K85/1135—Polyethylene dioxythiophene [PEDOT]; Derivatives thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/114—Poly-phenylenevinylene; Derivatives thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrode foil using a metal foil and an organic light emitting device using the same.
- organic light-emitting devices such as organic EL lighting have attracted attention as environmentally friendly green devices.
- Features of organic EL lighting include 1) low power consumption compared to incandescent lamps, 2) thin and lightweight, and 3) flexibility.
- organic EL lighting is being developed to realize the features 2) and 3). In this regard, it is impossible to realize the characteristics 2) and 3) above with a glass substrate that has been conventionally used in flat panel displays (FPD) or the like.
- Ultra-thin glass is excellent in heat resistance, barrier properties, and light transmission properties, and has good flexibility, but handling properties are slightly inferior, thermal conductivity is low, and material cost is high.
- the resin film is excellent in handling properties and flexibility, has a low material cost, and has good light transmittance, but has poor heat resistance and barrier properties, and has low thermal conductivity.
- the metal foil has excellent characteristics such as excellent heat resistance, barrier properties, handling properties, thermal conductivity, good flexibility, and low material cost, except that it has no light transmittance.
- the thermal conductivity of a typical flexible glass or film is as low as 1 W / m ° C. or less, whereas in the case of a copper foil, it is extremely high as about 400 W / m ° C.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-158074
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-152113
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-243772 proposes forming a smooth surface without polishing by providing a nickel plating layer on a metal substrate, and forming an organic EL element thereon. Has been.
- smoothing the surface of the metal substrate is an important issue in order to prevent a short circuit between the electrodes.
- Patent Document 4 International Application No.
- Patent Document 5 International Application No. 2011/152092
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra is extremely low as 10.0 nm or less. It has been proposed to use a metal foil having a surface as a supporting substrate and electrode. As described above, a technique for directly forming an organic semiconductor layer on the metal electrode foil is being established, and it has become possible to form an organic semiconductor layer directly on the metal foil to emit light, but on a glass substrate. Only an external quantum efficiency of about 80% is obtained as compared with the formed electrode, and further improvement in luminous efficiency is demanded.
- the present inventors have limited the amount of the organic nitrogen compound to a specific range, thereby providing an external device in an organic light emitting device. It was found that the quantum efficiency can be significantly increased, thereby improving the light emission efficiency.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an electrode foil that can constitute an organic light-emitting device with high external quantum efficiency while an organic nitrogen compound is present at the interface between the metal foil and the reflective layer.
- an electrode foil comprising a metal foil made of copper or a copper alloy and a reflective layer provided on at least one surface of the metal foil,
- CN in the organic nitrogen compound
- TOF-SIMS time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
- the electrode foil An organic light emitting layer provided on the outermost surface of the electrode foil on the reflective layer side; An organic light emitting device is provided.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of an electrode foil according to the present invention.
- An electrode foil 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a metal foil 12 made of copper or a copper alloy, a reflective layer 13 provided on at least one surface of the metal foil, and a buffer layer 14 provided directly on the reflective layer as required. It becomes. That is, the electrode foil 10 has a three-layer configuration including the metal foil 12, the reflective layer 13, and the buffer layer 14, but the electrode foil of the present invention is not limited to this, and the two-layer configuration of the metal foil 12 and the reflective layer 13 It may be. In a typical embodiment of the present invention, the reflective layer 13 is provided directly on at least one surface of the metal foil 12.
- the reflective layer 13 is provided between the metal foil 12 and the reflective layer 13.
- Other layers may be present.
- one or more metal layers may be formed on the metal foil, and the reflective layer 13 may be present on the metal layer.
- organic nitrogen compound is present at the interface between the metal foil 12 and the reflective layer 13.
- organic nitrogen compounds are used in metal foils as rust inhibitors, but are not limited thereto.
- Such organic nitrogen compounds (typically rust inhibitors) have been conventionally applied, particularly to metal foils for electronic materials, in order to prevent surface oxidation and hydroxylation.
- the organic nitrogen compound in the present invention is preferably triazole or a derivative or isomer thereof, more preferably from the group consisting of benzotriazole (BTA), a benzotriazole derivative, an aminotriazole, an aminolorazole isomer, and an aminotriazole derivative. At least one kind selected.
- Preferred examples of the benzotriazole derivative include carboxybenzotriazole, tolyltriazole (TTA) and carboxybenzotriazole (C-BTA) as heat-resistant components, sodium salt of tolyltriazole and various amine salts such as monoethanolamine, cyclohexylamine, Those containing diisopropylamine salt, morpholine salt and the like can be mentioned.
- Preferred examples of aminotriazole isomers include 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 2-amino-1,3,4-triazole, 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole, and 1-amine- 1,3,4-triazole is mentioned.
- aminotriazole derivatives include sodium salts of aminotriazole and various amine salts such as monoethanolamine salt, cyclohexylamine salt, diisopropylamine salt, morpholine salt and the like.
- the interface between the metal foil 12 and the reflective layer 13 means an interface between the metal foil 12 and the other layer when another layer exists between the metal foil 12 and the reflective layer 13. To do.
- the electrode foil 10 of the present invention when the interface between the metal foil 12 and the reflective layer 13 is analyzed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), C—
- the ratio CN / (CN + Cu) of the count number of N bonds to the total count number of copper and CN bonds is 0.4 or less, preferably 0.3 or less, more preferably 0.2 or less. More preferably, it is 0.1 or less, and most preferably 0.05 or less.
- This CN / (CN + Cu) ratio is an objective index for evaluating the residual amount of the organic nitrogen compound.
- time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry is used to perform secondary ion mass spectrometry while accurately exposing the interface while performing sputtering from the reflective layer side in the depth direction of the metal foil.
- TOF-SIMS time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
- the organic layer on the electrode foil is removed with an organic solvent such as acetone or isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and then sputtered in the depth direction in the TOF-SIMS apparatus. Measurement can be performed while
- an external quantum efficiency equivalent to or higher than that of an electrode formed on a glass substrate can be realized.
- the lower limit value of the CN / (CN + Cu) ratio is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.001 or more where the effect (typically rust prevention effect) by the organic nitrogen compound remains.
- oxides and hydroxides are formed on the surface of the metal foil to deteriorate the adhesion to the reflective layer, and the oxides and hydroxides act as resistance layers and function as electrodes. May be disturbed.
- the metal foil 12 as an electrode as well as a support substrate, an electrode foil having the functions of a support substrate, an electrode, and a reflective layer can be provided.
- a metal foil 12 of typically 1 to 250 ⁇ m instead of a metal plate, it can be used as an electrode that also serves as a support substrate for a flexible electronic device.
- the electrode foil 12 of the present invention is based on a metal foil, and therefore does not particularly require a supporting substrate, for example, roll-to-roll. It can be manufactured efficiently by the process.
- the roll-to-roll process is an extremely advantageous process for efficiently mass-producing electronic devices in which a long foil wound in a roll shape is drawn out and subjected to a predetermined process and then wound up again.
- This is a key process for realizing mass production of electronic devices such as light-emitting elements and photoelectric elements, which is an application of the present invention.
- the electrode foil of this invention can make a support base material and a reflection layer unnecessary.
- the electrode foil of this invention does not have an insulating layer in the part by which an electronic device is constructed
- the metal foil 12 is a foil made of copper or a copper alloy. Copper foil or copper alloy foil is excellent in strength, flexibility, electrical characteristics and the like while being relatively inexpensive. Further, since copper is a nonmagnetic metal, it is possible to prevent adhesion of particulate matter generated during processing due to magnetization.
- the outermost surface on the reflective layer side of the electrode foil 10 is preferably an ultra-flat surface having an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 60.0 nm or less, more preferably 30.0 nm or less, still more preferably 20.0 nm or less, particularly
- the thickness is preferably 10.0 nm or less, more preferably 7.0 nm or less, and the roughness may be appropriately determined according to the application and performance required for the electrode foil.
- the lower limit of the arithmetic average roughness Ra is not particularly limited and may be zero. However, in consideration of the efficiency of the flattening process, 0.5 nm is given as a guideline for the lower limit value.
- This arithmetic average roughness Ra can be measured using a commercially available roughness measuring device in accordance with JIS B 0601-2001.
- the outermost surface on the reflective layer side of the electrode foil 10 means the surface of the reflective layer 13 or the buffer layer 14 located on the outermost side.
- realization of the arithmetic average roughness Ra in the case of such a multi-layer configuration is achieved by setting the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the surface 12a of the metal foil 12 on which the reflective layer 13 and the buffer layer 14 are formed as the case may be.
- the same range as above that is, 60.0 nm or less, preferably 30.0 nm or less, more preferably 20.0 nm or less, further preferably 10.0 nm or less, particularly preferably 7.0 nm or less, and most preferably 5.0 nm or less.
- the reflection layer 13 and optionally the buffer layer 14 may be formed thereon.
- an arithmetic average roughness Ra that is equal to or slightly smaller than the arithmetic average roughness Ra to be applied on the outermost surface is provided on the surface of the lower layer or foil.
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the surface of the metal foil that does not constitute the outermost surface due to the laminated state is evaluated by creating a cross section from the surface of the metal foil by FIB (Focused Ion Beam) processing, and using the transmission electron microscope ( TEM), and the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the reflective layer surface that does not constitute the outermost surface due to the laminated state can be evaluated in the same manner.
- the ultra flat surface 12a of the metal foil 12 can also be realized by polishing the metal foil 12 using an electrolytic polishing method, a buff polishing method, a chemical polishing method, a physicochemical polishing method, or a combination thereof.
- the chemical polishing method is not particularly limited as long as the chemical solution, the chemical solution temperature, the chemical solution immersion time, etc. are appropriately adjusted.
- the chemical polishing of copper foil uses a mixture of 2-aminoethanol and ammonium chloride. Can be performed.
- the temperature of the chemical solution is preferably room temperature, and it is preferable to use an immersion method (Dip method).
- the chemical solution immersion time tends to deteriorate the flatness as it becomes longer, it is preferably 10 to 120 seconds, and more preferably 30 to 90 seconds.
- the metal foil after chemical polishing is preferably washed with running water. According to such a flattening process, a surface having an arithmetic average roughness Ra of about 12 nm can be flattened to a Ra of 10.0 nm or less, for example, about 3.0 nm.
- the ultra-flat surface 12a may be realized by a method of polishing the surface of the metal foil 12 by blasting, a method of rapidly cooling the surface of the metal foil 12 by melting it by a technique such as laser, resistance heating, or lamp heating. it can.
- the thickness of the metal foil 12 is not particularly limited as long as it is a thickness that can be handled alone as a foil without impairing flexibility, but is typically 1 to 250 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 200 ⁇ m, more The thickness is preferably 10 to 150 ⁇ m, more preferably 15 to 100 ⁇ m, but the thickness may be appropriately determined according to the application and performance required for the electrode foil. Therefore, the upper limit of the thickness is particularly preferably 50 ⁇ m, 35 ⁇ m, or 25 ⁇ m when reduction of the amount of metal used or weight reduction is desired, while the lower limit of the thickness is 25 ⁇ m when strength is more desired. , 35 ⁇ m or 50 ⁇ m is particularly preferable. With such a thickness, it is possible to easily cut using a commercially available cutting machine.
- the metal foil 12 has no problems such as cracking and chipping, and has advantages such as less generation of particles during cutting.
- the metal foil 12 can have various shapes other than a quadrangle, for example, a circle, a triangle, a polygon, and can be cut and welded. It is also possible to manufacture an electronic device. In this case, it is preferable not to form a semiconductor functional layer at the cut portion or welded portion of the metal foil 12.
- the ultra flat surface 12a is preferably washed with an alkaline solution.
- an alkaline solution a known alkaline solution such as a solution containing ammonia, a sodium hydroxide solution, or a potassium hydroxide solution can be used.
- a preferred alkaline solution is a solution containing ammonia, more preferably an organic alkaline solution containing ammonia, and even more preferably a tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution.
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- a preferable concentration of the TMAH solution is 0.1 to 3.0 wt%.
- cleaning is performed at 23 ° C. for 1 minute using a 0.4% TMAH solution.
- a similar cleaning effect can be obtained by performing UV (Ultra Violet) treatment in combination with such alkaline solution cleaning or instead of alkaline solution cleaning.
- UV Ultra Violet
- an acidic cleaning solution such as dilute sulfuric acid.
- the acid cleaning it is possible to perform cleaning for 30 seconds using dilute sulfuric acid.
- the dry ice blasting method is a method of removing particles by spraying carbon dioxide, which has been solidified at a low temperature, onto the ultra-flat surface 12a by spraying carbon dioxide gas compressed to a high pressure from a thin nozzle. Unlike the wet process, this dry ice blasting method has the advantages that the drying process can be omitted and organic substances can be removed.
- the dry ice blasting method can be performed using a commercially available apparatus such as a dry ice snow system (manufactured by Air Water). However, when particles have already been removed by a process (for example, dry ice blasting) for imparting a Pv / Pp ratio of 2.0 or more to the ultra-flat surface 12a, this particle removal step can be omitted. .
- Organic nitrogen compound to the metal foil 12 is not particularly limited as long as the metal foil is treated with an aqueous solution containing the organic nitrogen compound and dried using a conventional method such as immersion, spraying, or roll application.
- a conventional method such as immersion, spraying, or roll application.
- the organic nitrogen compound should just be apply
- Realization of a desired CN / (CN + Cu) ratio by reducing the amount of organic nitrogen compound on the surface of the metal foil thus obtained is obtained by immersing the metal foil in a cleaning solution such as an alkali solution such as sodium hydroxide and / or potassium hydroxide, although the immersion time can be appropriately controlled, it is preferable to further adjust or reduce the residual concentration of the organic nitrogen compound by controlling the concentration of the aqueous solution containing the organic nitrogen compound.
- a cleaning solution such as an alkali solution such as sodium hydroxide and / or potassium hydroxide
- the immersion time can be appropriately controlled, it is preferable to further adjust or reduce the residual concentration of the organic nitrogen compound by controlling the concentration of the aqueous solution containing the organic nitrogen compound.
- the BTA concentration in the BTA aqueous solution as a coating solution as low as 0.5 mmol / L
- the BTA on the surface of the metal foil is reduced to a level of 0.4 or less (for example, 0.2) in the CN / (
- the reflective layer 13 is preferably composed of at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum-based alloys, silver, and silver-based alloys. These materials are suitable for the reflective layer because of their high light reflectivity, and also have excellent flatness when thinned.
- aluminum or an aluminum-based alloy is preferable because it is an inexpensive material.
- an aluminum alloy and a silver alloy those having a general alloy composition used as an anode or a cathode in a light emitting element or a photoelectric element can be widely used.
- Examples of preferable aluminum-based alloy compositions include Al—Ni, Al—Cu, Al—Ag, Al—Ce, Al—Zn, Al—B, Al—Ta, Al—Nd, Al—Si, Al—La, Examples include Al—Co, Al—Ge, Al—Fe, Al—Li, Al—Mg, and Al—Mn alloys. Any element constituting these alloys can be arbitrarily combined according to the required characteristics.
- Examples of preferable silver alloy compositions include Ag—Pd, Ag—Cu, Ag—Al, Ag—Zn, Ag—Mg, Ag—Mn, Ag—Cr, Ag—Ti, Ag—Ta, and Ag—Co.
- the thickness of the reflective layer 13 is not particularly limited, but preferably has a thickness of 30 to 500 nm, more preferably 50 to 300 nm, and still more preferably 100 to 250 nm.
- a buffer layer 14 may be provided on the outermost surface of the reflective layer 13.
- the buffer layer 14 is not particularly limited as long as it provides a desired work function in contact with the organic light emitting layer.
- the buffer layer in the present invention is preferably transparent or translucent in order to ensure a sufficient light scattering effect.
- the thickness of the electrode foil according to the present invention is preferably 1 to 300 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 to 250 ⁇ m, still more preferably 5 to 200 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 10 to 150 ⁇ m, most preferably 15 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the thickness may be appropriately determined according to the use and performance required for the electrode foil. Therefore, the upper limit of the thickness is particularly preferably 50 ⁇ m, 35 ⁇ m, or 25 ⁇ m when reduction of the amount of metal used or weight reduction is desired, while the lower limit of the thickness is 25 ⁇ m when strength is more desired. , 35 ⁇ m or 50 ⁇ m is particularly preferable.
- the thicknesses of these electrode foils are all the same as the thickness of the metal foil 12 described above, but this is usually the thickness of the reflective layer 13 and / or the buffer layer 14 that may be formed on the metal foil 12. This is because the thickness of the metal foil 12 is small enough to be ignored.
- the electrode foil according to the present invention can be preferably used as an electrode for various electronic devices (that is, an anode or a cathode).
- the electrode foil of the present invention is particularly preferably used as an electrode for a flexible electronic device because it is generally low stress and easily bent, but may be used for an electronic device having poor flexibility or rigidity.
- Examples of such electronic devices include i) light emitting elements such as organic EL elements, organic EL lighting, organic EL displays, and ii) photoelectric elements such as thin film solar cells.
- Organic EL devices such as organic EL elements, organic EL lighting, and organic EL displays, and more preferably organic EL lighting in that ultra-thin and high-luminance emission can be obtained.
- the length of the electrode foil according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but preferably has a certain length in order to be applied to a roll-to-roll process.
- the preferred length of the electrode foil varies depending on the specifications of the apparatus, etc., but is generally about 2 m or more. From the viewpoint of improving productivity, it is more preferably 20 m or more, further preferably 50 m or more, and particularly preferably 100 m or more. Most preferably, it is 1000 m or more.
- the preferred width of the electrode foil varies depending on the specifications of the apparatus, etc., but is generally 150 mm or more, and preferably 350 mm or more, more preferably 600 mm or more, and particularly preferably 1000 mm or more from the viewpoint of improving productivity. It is.
- an organic light-emitting device comprising an organic light-emitting layer on the outermost surface on the reflective layer side of the electrode foil can be constituted. That is, the organic light emitting layer is preferably formed directly on the reflective layer or, if present, directly on the buffer layer.
- the organic light emitting layer may be of any structure and material as long as it is an organic semiconductor layer such as an organic EL layer having an excitation light emission function. It is preferable that a transparent or translucent counter electrode is further provided on the organic light emitting layer.
- the electrode foil of the present invention is preferably applicable to a process in which a polymer material or a low molecular weight material is dissolved in a solvent such as chlorobenzene when applying an organic light emitting layer, and an in-line vacuum process is also applicable. It is suitable for improving productivity.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a layer configuration of a top emission type organic EL element using the electrode foil of the present invention as an anode.
- the organic EL element shown in FIG. 4 includes an electrode foil 20 as an anode provided with a metal foil 22, a reflective layer 23, and optionally a buffer layer 24; an organic EL layer 26 provided directly on the surface of the buffer layer 24; And a cathode 28 as a translucent electrode provided directly on the surface of the EL layer 26.
- the buffer layer 24 is preferably composed of a conductive amorphous carbon film or a conductive oxide film so as to be suitable as an anode.
- organic EL layer 26 various known EL layer configurations used for organic EL elements can be used. If desired, a hole injection layer and / or a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron transport layer as required. In addition, the electron injection layer may be sequentially provided from the anode electrode foil 20 toward the cathode 28. As the hole injection layer, the hole transport layer, the light emitting layer, the electron transport layer, and the electron injection layer, layers having various known configurations and compositions can be appropriately used and are not particularly limited.
- the organic EL layer 26 may be produced by any method of a vacuum deposition process, a coating process, a printing process, and a combination thereof.
- a material used for a light emitting layer any of a low molecular organic material, a high molecular organic material, a metal oxide, and those combination may be sufficient.
- a metal can also be used for the hole injection layer or the electron injection layer.
- a highly rigid material such as glass may be used, or a flexible material such as a plastic film may be used.
- Example 1 Fabrication of various surface BTA concentrations of the electrode foil Samples 1-4 of various surface BTA concentrations of the electrode foil were carried out as follows. At that time, the arithmetic average roughness Ra and the interface BTA concentration were measured as follows.
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the surface of each sample was measured according to JIS B 0601-2001 using a surface flatness measuring device (Zygo, NewView 5032). About the range of 181 micrometers x 136 micrometers, it carried out by Filter High: Auto, Filter Low: Fixed (150 micrometers).
- Example 1-Comparison As the metal foil, a commercially available double-sided flat electrolytic copper foil (DFF (Dual Flat Foil) made by Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd.) having a thickness of 65 ⁇ m was prepared.
- DFF Double Flat Foil
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra was 18.0 nm, and this measurement was performed for a range of 181 ⁇ m ⁇ 136 ⁇ m using Filter High: Auto, Filter Low: Fixed ( 150 ⁇ m).
- This copper foil was polished using a commercially available polishing machine. This chemical physical polishing treatment was performed using a polishing pad with XY grooves and a colloidal silica-based polishing liquid under the conditions of pad rotation speed: 30 rpm, load: 200 gf / cm 2 , and liquid supply amount: 100 cc / min.
- the roughness of the copper foil surface thus subjected to CMP treatment was measured in accordance with JIS B 0601-2001 using a surface flatness measuring device (manufactured by Zygo, New View 5032). The arithmetic average roughness Ra was 1.5 nm. there were. This measurement was performed in a range of 181 ⁇ m ⁇ 136 ⁇ m with Filter High: Auto, Filter Low: Fixed (150 ⁇ m).
- the thickness of the copper foil after the CMP treatment was 60 ⁇ m.
- a coating solution was prepared by adding 25 mmol / L (about 3 g / L) of BTA (benzotriazole) as a rust preventive to pure water (17.5 M ⁇ ⁇ cm or more) kept at 35 ° C.
- BTA benzotriazole
- This BTA-containing cleaning solution was sprayed from the shower nozzle onto the copper foil at 0.15 to 0.35 MPa, washed with pure water, and then dried.
- An Al alloy reflective layer having a thickness of 150 nm was formed on the surface of the copper foil thus coated with BTA by a sputtering method.
- This sputtering is performed using a magnetron sputtering apparatus (MSL-464, Tokki Corporation) in which an aluminum alloy target (diameter 203.2 mm ⁇ 8 mm thickness) having a composition of Al-0.5Ni (at.%) Is connected to a Cryo pump.
- ultimate vacuum ⁇ 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa
- sputtering pressure 0.5 Pa
- Ar flow rate 100 sccm
- substrate temperature Performed at room temperature.
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the sample surface thus obtained was measured in the same manner as described above, and it was 2.3 nm. Moreover, when the BTA density
- sample 2-Comparison The sample was prepared in the same manner as Sample 1, except that the BTA-coated copper foil before forming the reflective layer was immersed in a cleaning solution containing 2% by weight of NaOH and KOH for 3 minutes to elute BTA. And evaluated. When the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the obtained sample surface was measured in the same manner as described above, it was 1.9 nm. Moreover, when the BTA density
- Sample 3 Samples were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as Sample 1 except that the BTA concentration of the BTA coating solution was lowered to 0.4 mmol / L.
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the obtained sample surface was measured in the same manner as described above, it was 2.0 nm.
- concentration in the interface between metal foil and a reflection layer was measured, CN / (CN + Cu) ratio was 0.29.
- Example 4 The BTA concentration of the BTA coating solution was lowered to 0.1 mmol / L, and the copper foil before the formation of the reflective layer coated with BTA was immersed in a solution containing 2% by weight of NaOH and KOH for 3 minutes for 3 minutes. Samples were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as Sample 1, except that elution was performed. When the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the obtained sample surface was measured in the same manner as described above, it was 1.9 nm. Moreover, when the BTA density
- Example 2 Production and Evaluation of Organic Light-Emitting Device
- An organic light-emitting device was produced as follows using the electrode foil samples 1 to 4 produced in Example 1 as anodes. First, PEDOT: PSS (Clevios (registered trademark) P VP AI4083, manufactured by HC Starck) was applied onto the electrode foil samples 1 to 4 so as to have a film thickness of about 65 nm, and then at 200 ° C. for 15 minutes. A hole injection layer was formed by firing (annealing treatment).
- TFB poly [(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) -co- (4,4 ′-(N- (4-sec-butylphenyl)) diphenylamine)]] (American dye)
- a solution obtained by dissolving “Hole Transport Polymer ADS259BE” manufactured by Source Co., Ltd. in THF solvent was applied on the hole injection layer with a spin coater so as to have a film thickness of 20 nm, and a TFB film was produced at 100 ° C. An interlayer was formed by drying for 10 minutes.
- a solution obtained by dissolving a polymer light emitting material (“Light Emitting Polymer ADS111RE” manufactured by American Dye Source Co., Ltd.) in a THF solvent is applied onto the interlayer with a spin coater and baked at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes (annealing). By doing so, a light emitting layer was formed. Furthermore, Ba (made by high-purity chemical) was formed with a film thickness of 5 nm as an electron injection layer on the light emitting layer. Finally, Ag (manufactured by High-Purity Chemical Co., Ltd.) was vacuum-deposited with a thickness of 20 nm on the electron injection layer to form a second electrode as a cathode.
- a polymer light emitting material (“Light Emitting Polymer ADS111RE” manufactured by American Dye Source Co., Ltd.) in a THF solvent is applied onto the interlayer with a spin coater and baked at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes (annealing). By doing so, a light
- the external quantum efficiency of the organic light-emitting device produced above was measured as a relative value when the sample in which aluminum was deposited on a glass substrate was taken as 100%. Specifically, in the obtained organic light-emitting device using each electrode foil sample, a current is passed between the electrodes so that the current density is 10 mA / cm 2, and 0 ° to 80 ° when the front is 0 °. The brightness at each angle was measured with a luminance meter (BM-7A manufactured by Topcon Technohouse Co., Ltd.), the total luminous flux was calculated, and the external quantum efficiency was calculated.
- BM-7A manufactured by Topcon Technohouse Co., Ltd.
- the external quantum efficiencies measured for samples 1 to 4 are as shown in Table 1.
- the interface BTA concentration is CN / (CN + Cu) ratio of 0.4 or less (preferably 0.3 or less)
- the glass substrate It can be seen that a high external quantum efficiency equivalent to or higher than that obtained when using is obtained.
- Example 3 Relationship between interfacial BTA concentration and immersion time
- TTA tolyltriazole
- C-BTA carboxybenzotriazole
- Example 4 Examination of external quantum efficiency at various Ra and interfacial BTA concentrations
- the results shown in FIG. 6 were obtained.
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Abstract
Description
前記金属箔と前記反射層の間の界面に有機窒素化合物が存在し、該界面を飛行時間型二次イオン質量分析(TOF-SIMS)により分析した場合に、前記有機窒素化合物中のC-N結合のカウント数の、銅及びC-N結合の総カウント数に対する比CN/(CN+Cu)が0.4以下である、電極箔が提供される。
前記電極箔の前記反射層側の最表面上に設けられる有機発光層と、
を備えた、有機発光デバイスが提供される。
図1に本発明による電極箔の一例の模式断面図を示す。図1に示される電極箔10は、銅又は銅合金からなる金属箔12と、金属箔の少なくとも一方の面に設けられる反射層13、及び所望により反射層上に直接設けられるバッファ層14を備えてなる。すなわち、電極箔10は金属箔12、反射層13およびバッファ層14を備えた3層構成であるが、本発明の電極箔はこれに限定されず、金属箔12および反射層13の2層構成であってもよい。本発明の典型的な態様においては、反射層13は金属箔12の少なくとも一方の面に直接設けられるが、電極箔10としての所期の機能を損ねないかぎり金属箔12と反射層13の間に他の層が存在していてもよい。例えば、金属箔上に一層又はそれ以上の金属層が形成され、この金属層上に反射層13が存在していてもよい。
本発明による電極箔をアノード又はカソードとして用いて、有機発光層を電極箔の反射層側の最表面に備えた有機発光デバイスを構成することができる。すなわち、有機発光層は反射層に直接形成されるか又は存在する場合にはバッファ層に直接形成されるのが好ましい。有機発光層は、励起発光の機能を有する有機EL層等の有機半導体層であればいかなる構成や材質のものであってもよい。有機発光層上には透明又は半透明の対向電極が更に設けられるのが好ましい。本発明の電極箔は、有機発光層の形成に際して、高分子材料や低分子材料をクロロベンゼン等の溶剤に溶解させて塗布するプロセスが好ましく適用可能であり、また、インライン式の真空プロセスも適用可能であり、生産性の向上に適する。
また、正孔注入層または電子注入層としては、金属を用いることも可能である。光取出し側の上部基材としては、ガラスのような剛性の高い材料を用いてもよいし、プラスチックフィルムのようなフレキシブルな材料を用いてもよい。
各種界面BTA濃度の電極箔試料1~4の作製を以下のとおり行った。その際、算術平均粗さRa及び界面BTA濃度の測定方法は以下のとおりとした。
表面平坦度測定機(Zygo社製、NewView5032)を用いてJIS B 0601-2001に準拠して各試料表面の算術平均粗さRaを測定した。181μm×136μmの範囲について、Filter High:Auto、Filter Low:Fixed(150μm)にて行った。
金属箔と反射層の間の界面におけるBTA濃度(具体的にはCN/(CN+Cu)比)の測定は、飛行時間型二次イオン質量分析装置(TOF-SIMS)(TRIFT IV、アルバック・ファイ株式会社)を用いて、反射層側から金属箔の深さ方向にスパッタリングを行いながら以下の測定条件で行った。
・一次イオン:Au+
・加速電圧:30kV
・測定エリア:□300μm
・測定時間の単位:sec
・測定イオン種:Positive/Negative
・電子中和:有
金属箔として、厚さ65μmの市販の両面平坦電解銅箔(三井金属鉱業社製DFF(Dual Flat Foil)を用意した。銅箔表面の粗さは表面平坦度測定機(Zygo社製、NewView5032)を用いてJIS B 0601-2001に準拠して測定したところ、算術平均粗さRa:18.0nmであった。この測定は、181μm×136μmの範囲について、Filter High:Auto、Filter Low:Fixed(150μm)にて行った。
BTAが塗布された反射層形成前の銅箔を、NaOH及びKOHを合計で2重量%含む洗浄液に3分間浸漬してBTAの溶出を行ったこと以外は、試料1と同様にして試料の作製及び評価を行った。得られた試料表面の算術平均粗さRaを上記同様に測定したところ、1.9nmであった。また、金属箔と反射層の間の界面におけるBTA濃度を測定したところ、CN/(CN+Cu)比が0.57であった。
BTA塗布液のBTA濃度を0.4mmol/Lと低くしたこと以外は、試料1と同様にして試料の作製及び評価を行った。得られた試料表面の算術平均粗さRaを上記同様に測定したところ、2.0nmであった。また、金属箔と反射層の間の界面におけるBTA濃度を測定したところ、CN/(CN+Cu)比が0.29であった。
BTA塗布液のBTA濃度を0.1mmol/Lと低くし、かつ、BTAが塗布された反射層形成前の銅箔を、NaOH及びKOHを合計2重量%含む溶液に3分間浸漬してBTAの溶出を行ったこと以外は、試料1と同様にして試料の作製及び評価を行った。得られた試料表面の算術平均粗さRaを上記同様に測定したところ、1.9nmであった。また、金属箔と反射層の間の界面におけるBTA濃度を測定したところ、CN/(CN+Cu)比が0.04であった。
(1)有機発光デバイスの作製
例1で作製された電極箔試料1~4をアノードとして用いて有機発光デバイスを以下のようにして作製した。まず、電極箔試料1~4上に、PEDOT:PSS(Clevios(登録商標)P VP AI4083,H.C.Starck社製)を膜厚約65nmになるように塗布して、200℃で15分間焼成(アニール処理)することにより正孔注入層を形成した。そして、TFB(ポリ[(9,9-ジオクチルフルオレニル-2,7-ジイル)-コ-(4,4’-(N-(4-sec-ブチルフェニル))ジフェニルアミン)])(アメリカンダイソース社製、「Hole Transport Polymer ADS259BE」)をTHF溶媒に溶解した溶液を、正孔注入層の上に膜厚20nmになるようにスピンコーターで塗布してTFB被膜を作製し、これを100℃で10分間乾燥することによって、インターレイヤーを形成した。さらに、高分子発光材料(アメリカンダイソース社製、「Light Emitting Polymer ADS111RE」)をTHF溶媒に溶解した溶液を、インターレイヤーの上にスピンコーターで塗布し、100℃で10分間焼成(アニール処理)することによって、発光層を形成した。さらに、発光層の上に、電子注入層として、Ba(高純度化学製)を5nmの膜厚で形成した。そして最後に、電子注入層の上にAg(高純度化学社製)を20nmの膜厚で真空蒸着し、カソードとして第2電極を形成した。
上記作製された有機発光デバイスの外部量子効率を、ガラス基板上にアルミニウムが蒸着された試料を100%とした場合の相対値として測定した。具体的には、各電極箔試料を用いた得られた有機発光デバイスにおいて、電極間に電流密度が10mA/cm2となるように電流を流し、正面を0度とした場合の0度~80度の各角度における輝度を輝度計(トプコンテクノハウス社製BM-7A)により計測し全光束量の計算を行い、外部量子効率を算出した。
例1の試料2の作製方法において、BTAが塗布された反射層形成前の銅箔を、NaOH及びKOHを合計で2重量%含む洗浄液に浸漬する時間を0分、0.5分、3分、10分と変化させることにより、BTA濃度に相当するCN/(CN+Cu)比の変化を調べた。その結果は図5に示されるとおりであった。図5に示される結果から明らかなように、浸漬時間を調節することにより、界面BTA濃度を制御することが可能である。防錆剤としてトリルトリアゾール(TTA)やカルボキシベンゾトリアゾール(C-BTA)についても、上記同様にして残留濃度を制御可能である。
例1の試料2の作製において、研磨条件を適宜変更することにより、種々の算術平均粗さRaを表面に有する5種類の電極箔(CN/(CN+Cu)=0.57)を作製した。得られた電極箔について例2と同様にして外部量子効率の測定を行ったところ、図6に示されるような結果が得られた。参考のため、図6には、試料3(CN/(CN+Cu)=0.29)及び試料4(CN/(CN+Cu)=0.04)について測定された外部量子効率のプロットも併せて示してある。図6に示される結果から、界面BTA濃度が高い場合であっても、電極箔表面の算術平均粗さRaが低いほど外部量子効率の向上効果が見受けられるものの、界面BTA濃度(CN/(CN+Cu)比)を低くすることで、Raの低減効果からは予測し得ないほど顕著に外部量子効率が向上することが分かる(図中の矢印参照)。
Claims (12)
- 銅又は銅合金からなる金属箔と、前記金属箔の少なくとも一方の面に設けられる反射層とを備えてなる電極箔であって、
前記金属箔と前記反射層の間の界面に有機窒素化合物が存在し、該界面を飛行時間型二次イオン質量分析(TOF-SIMS)により分析した場合に、前記有機窒素化合物中のC-N結合のカウント数の、銅及びC-N結合の総カウント数に対する比CN/(CN+Cu)が0.4以下である、電極箔。 - 前記比CN/(CN+Cu)が0.001~0.3である、請求項1に記載の電極箔。
- 前記有機窒素化合物が、トリアゾール又はその誘導体若しくは異性体である、請求項1又は2に記載の電極箔。
- 前記トリアゾール又はその誘導体若しくは異性体が、ベンゾトリアゾール、ベンゾトリアゾール誘導体、アミノトリアゾ-ル、アミノロリアゾール異性体、及びアミノトリアゾ-ル誘導体からなる群から選択される少なくとも一種である、請求項3に記載の電極箔。
- 前記電極箔の前記反射層側の最表面が、JIS B 0601-2001に準拠して測定される、60nm以下の算術平均粗さRaを有する、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の電極箔。
- 前記算術平均粗さRaが10nm以下である、請求項5に記載の電極箔。
- 前記反射層上に直接設けられる透明又は半透明のバッファ層をさらに備えてなる、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の電極箔。
- 前記金属箔が、1~250μmの厚さを有する、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の電極箔。
- 有機発光デバイスの電極として用いられる、請求項1~8のいずれか一項記載の電極箔。
- 有機発光デバイスの支持基材を兼ねた電極として用いられる、請求項1~9のいずれか一項記載の電極箔。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の電極箔と、
前記電極箔の前記反射層側の最表面上に設けられる有機発光層と、
を備えた、有機発光デバイス。 - 前記有機発光層上に透明又は半透明の対向電極を備えた、請求項11に記載の有機発光デバイス。
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| US14/414,983 US9508951B2 (en) | 2012-07-24 | 2013-06-07 | Electrode foil and organic light-emitting device |
| EP13822342.5A EP2879467A4 (en) | 2012-07-24 | 2013-06-07 | ELECTRODE FILM AND ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE |
| JP2014526807A JP6259396B2 (ja) | 2012-07-24 | 2013-06-07 | 電極箔及び有機発光デバイス |
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| WO2024116579A1 (ja) * | 2022-11-29 | 2024-06-06 | Jx金属株式会社 | 表面処理銅箔、銅張積層板及びプリント配線板 |
| WO2024116580A1 (ja) * | 2022-11-29 | 2024-06-06 | Jx金属株式会社 | 表面処理銅箔、銅張積層板及びプリント配線板 |
| WO2024185426A1 (ja) * | 2023-03-07 | 2024-09-12 | 株式会社コベルコ科研 | 反射電極、スパッタリングターゲットおよびスパッタリングターゲット材 |
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| WO2024116581A1 (ja) * | 2022-11-29 | 2024-06-06 | Jx金属株式会社 | 表面処理銅箔、銅張積層板及びプリント配線板 |
| WO2024116579A1 (ja) * | 2022-11-29 | 2024-06-06 | Jx金属株式会社 | 表面処理銅箔、銅張積層板及びプリント配線板 |
| WO2024116580A1 (ja) * | 2022-11-29 | 2024-06-06 | Jx金属株式会社 | 表面処理銅箔、銅張積層板及びプリント配線板 |
| WO2024185426A1 (ja) * | 2023-03-07 | 2024-09-12 | 株式会社コベルコ科研 | 反射電極、スパッタリングターゲットおよびスパッタリングターゲット材 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2879467A4 (en) | 2016-03-16 |
| EP2879467A1 (en) | 2015-06-03 |
| JPWO2014017183A1 (ja) | 2016-07-07 |
| US9508951B2 (en) | 2016-11-29 |
| US20150207096A1 (en) | 2015-07-23 |
| CN104472012B (zh) | 2016-06-29 |
| CN104472012A (zh) | 2015-03-25 |
| JP6259396B2 (ja) | 2018-01-10 |
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