WO2014011134A1 - Damless hydroelectric power plant - Google Patents

Description

 UNLIMITED HYDRO POWER PLANT

 FIELD OF THE INVENTION

 The invention relates to hydropower, in particular, to devices for converting energy from a gravity flow (river and sea current) into electrical energy.

State of the art

Known hydroelectric installation, made in the form of a catamaran, with an inlet diffuser before the start of the working channel and an outlet diffuser after it is completed, with the main hydraulic turbine in the working channel with flowing parts arranged in two rows in a checkerboard pattern, with main shafts turbines mounted on the catamaran’s hulls and kinematically connected with them by electric current generators, which also contains additional hydroturbines in the output diffuser with vertical axes of rotation and kinematically connected electric current generators with them, and the catamaran hulls are trapezoidal in shape, the working channel between the hulls of the catamaran is divided by a partition into separate working channels, passing in the outlet diffuser into auxiliary channels with additional hydraulic turbines immersed in them, the parts of the flowing part of the main turbines are made in the form of buckets, eddies are fixed at the end of the outer edges of the catamaran hulls (see USSR author's certificate Ns 1474317 for class F03B 7/00 published on 15.06 .2001, in Bul. N ° 5 for 2001).

 The main disadvantages of this hydroelectric installation are: the impossibility of functioning in winter time in the presence of ice cover; limited contact zone of the blades of the main hydraulic turbines with the water flow due to the high location of their rotation axes; high material consumption due to the need to use a catamaran.

The closest in its technical essence and the achieved effect, taken as a prototype, is a damless all-weather hydroelectric power station, in which the impeller with folding blades is located horizontally, and the vertical casing is divided into drums and mounted on a support with the possibility of rotation the interaction of rollers with circular guides connected with external rotary stepwise opening blades, the axis of rotation of which are shifted relative to each other by the same angle. The main and backup power generators are fixed on a support and connected to the body and gear thrust wheel mechanical transmission. The inner part of the body is equipped with gratings, which are a continuation of the external rotary blades, and fixed internal blades made of freely fixed flaps resting on the grate. The outer blades are installed with the overlapping of the inner blades in the idle position and their earlier entry into operation (see the patent of the Russian Federation N ^Q 1836586 for class F03B 9/00 published on 10/13/1993)

 The main disadvantages of this damless hydroelectric power station for the proposed use are: the location of the power station at the bottom of the water stream, where abrasive particles of sand and other precipitation actively adversely affect the performance of friction units; the presence of structural units that require accurate kinematic interaction of contact details; multistage kinematic animation scheme that reduces the efficiency of the device.

Task to be solved

The basis of the invention is the task of providing an adjustable depth of immersion of a hydroelectric power station with the possibility of placing it both at the bottom of the water stream and inside the stream in a suspended position, reducing the number of stages of multi- licenses that increase the efficiency, simplify the delivery of the hydroelectric power station to its place of operation and facilitate maintenance and repair.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

 The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the damless hydroelectric power station with a horizontal arrangement of the impeller and a vertical casing mounted on a support, according to the invention, the central vertical part of the casing is made in the form of a hollow sealed cylinder, filled as necessary with water or air, and horizontal the housing part, rigidly connected to the cylinder, is a truss on which there are: an annular track under the support rollers of the impeller, impeller, bearings driven by asterisks ki first stage circuit kinematic animation of revolutions of the impeller to the generator of electricity, the side zagrazh- Denia, functionally acting as inlet and outlet diffusers.

In addition, the impeller of a damless hydroelectric power station is a spatial structure in the form of a ring, the lateral (end) sides of which are closed, the outer annular side is open, and the inner annular side of the covered with brackets. The inner space of the impeller is divided into sectors, in each of which a blade is placed with the possibility of turning inside the sector on an axis located on the side of the outer annular surface. On the outer side of the inner annular surface of the impeller, rollers with a vertical axis of rotation are installed, by means of which the impeller rests on the lateral surface of the cylinder during rotation, a bracket is placed inside the sector on the inner annular surface of the wheel, on which the blade rests on its movable end the impeller with the active influence of water flow on it, while inside the sector space is formed in the form of a bucket, which contributes to a more effective force action of water on stream in the cranking of the impeller.

 In addition, support rollers with a horizontal axis of rotation are placed on the lower side (end) surface l of the caster wheel, by which the wheel rests on an annular track located on the truss. Asterisks are fixedly fixed on the upper lateral surface of the impeller wheel along its perimeter, through the teeth of which the pulling chain is pulled during rotation of the impeller.

In addition, the kinematic diagram of the transmission of revolutions (multiplication) from the impeller to the electric generator of three stepwise and contains in the first step - sprockets fixed along the perimeter of the impeller wheel, a traction chain and a driven sprocket placed on an axis fixed to a support mounted on the truss; in the second stage, a frame in the form of a pulley rigidly connected to the driven sprocket of the first stage and contains sprockets fixed along the frame perimeter, a traction chain, through which the rotation is transmitted to the driven sprocket of the second stage, located on an axis fixed to the upper cylinder bottom; in the third stage - a frame similar to the frame of the second stage, rigidly connected to the driven sprocket of the second gear stage, the traction chain and the driven sprocket connected to the shaft, one end of which is placed in a support fixed to the upper cylinder bottom, and the other brought to the technological platform and contains a structural element, for example, a coupling for transmitting rotation to the shaft of an electric power generator. On a technological platform located above the cylinder and rigidly connected to it, there are: an electric power generator, fastening nodes for flexible connections of anchor devices with devices for adjusting the tension of flexible connections, a compressor for supplying air to the cylinder, valve actuators, providing as necessary - the intake of water or air into the cylinder, a cabin for accommodating staff, as well as the means provided safety rules for objects located in water (hereinafter not described in view of common knowledge).

 The proposed technical solution differs from the prototype and similar devices in that the structural scheme for connecting the vertical part of the hull with its horizontal part makes it possible to locate a damless hydroelectric power station on weak near-ground soils of the water flow with support on a large surface of the lower bottom of the cylinder. In this case, the moving parts of the proposed hydroelectric power station are located outside the active transfer zone of abrasive particles moved by the water stream.

 The presence of a cylinder, filled as necessary with water or air, makes it possible to locate the proposed damless hydroelectric power station both at the bottom of the reservoir and directly in the bulk of the water stream in a suspended position. This difference from the prototype facilitates the delivery of a damless hydroelectric power station to its place of operation, and further facilitates routine inspection and, if necessary, repair of moving parts of the device.

The presence of closed lateral (end) surfaces of the sectors of the impeller in the proposed damless hydroelectric power station, during the contact time of the moving blade with the support bracket, creates a space in the blade sector the shape of the bucket, thereby contributing to an increase in the force of the water flow on the rotation of the impeller.

 The use in the kinematic scheme of transferring rotation from the impeller to the generator of electric power of the traction chain and sprockets, among which some rotate and others are mounted on rotating frames, can reduce the number of gears of transmission of revolutions to three due to the possibility of obtaining large gear ratios in such a scheme ( up to 50 or more) and provides a high coefficient of performance. In addition, the proposed technical solution makes it possible to create similar devices of greater unit power, limited only by the strength properties of structural materials.

The technical result of the claimed technical solution is to expand the scope of the damless hydroelectric power station due to its location both on the bottom of the reservoir and directly in the thickness of the water stream, and a simple structural and original kinematic transmission scheme of rotation from the impeller to the power generator allows you to create damless hydroelectric power plants of large unit capacity, limited only by the strength properties of structural materials. In the proposed technical solution, its distinguishing features are not a characteristic of parts of the whole object, which themselves can be whole objects with their own functions. Therefore, they are not classified in isolation from other parts (features), and the totality of the features set forth in the part of the formula that differ from the known technical solutions were not found in the patent documentation and other scientific and technical literature and therefore the proposed solution meets the requirements “ novelty ”and“ inventive step ”.

The list of figures illustrative materials

Figure 1 is a structural diagram of the proposed damless hydroelectric power station, side view;

 Figure 2 is a diagram of the mutual arrangement of functional structural elements, a plan view.

Description of a preferred embodiment of the invention

The proposed damless hydroelectric power station contains a housing, the vertical part of which is made in the form of a hollow sealed cylinder 1 with a technological platform 2 connected to it, and the horizontal part - in the form of a truss 3. A ring track 4, a support 5 of the driven sprocket 6 of the first stage of rotation of the rotor of the impeller 7, side barriers 8 in the form of input (zone A) and output (zone B) diffusers are fixed on the farm 3, and the impeller 7 in the form of a ring with a vertical axis of rotation, the upper and lower side (end) surfaces of which are closed, support rollers 9 with a horizontal axis of rotation are located around the perimeter of the ring in the lower part, and sprockets 10 of the first stage of rotation of the impeller 7 are located in the upper part, but on the outer side of the inner annular surface of the wheel 7, there are rollers 11 with a vertical axis of rotation, by means of which the impeller 7 rests on rotation on the side surface of the cylinder 1. The inner space of the impeller 7 is divided into sectors, in each of which the blade 12 is placed with the possibility of its rotation on the axis 13 in such a way that in the zone of active power action of the water flow on the blade 12 it contacts the support bracket 14 and forms a space in the form of a bucket, and in the zone of passive action (p in the opposite direction of wheel movement 7) - it is turned towards the outer annular surface of the impeller 7, thereby opening the space in the form of a bucket and reducing the resistance to rotation of the impeller 7. The kinematic scheme for transmitting rotation from the impeller 7 to the electric power generator 15 located on the technological platform 2 is three-stage.

 The first stage of the kinematic transmission circuit of revolutions (animation) includes sprockets 10 fixed fixed around the perimeter of the impeller 7, a traction chain 16, transmitting force from the circular movement of the sprockets 0, and a driven sprocket 6 freely rotating on an axis fixed to the support 5 .

 The second rotation transmission stage comprises a frame 17 with sprockets 18 fixed thereon, a traction chain 19 and a driven sprocket 20. The frame 17 is rigidly fixed to the driven sprocket 6 of the first rotation transmission stage.

 The third rotation transmission stage comprises a frame 21 with sprockets 22 fixed thereon, a traction chain 23 and an asterisk 24 located on the shaft 25. The frame 21 is rigidly connected to the sprocket 20.

The sprocket 24 transmits rotation to the shaft 25, one end of which is placed in the support 26, mounted on the upper bottom of the cylinder 1, and the other end is displayed on the technological platform 2 and contains a structural element 27, for example, a coupling by means of which the shaft 25 interacts with the shaft of the electric power generator 15. On the technological platform 2, there are placed the fastening and tension adjustment nodes of the flexible couplings of 28 anchor devices, a compressor, a room for service personnel, control of valves that regulate the filling of cylinder 1 with water or air and the facilities provided for by safety rules for objects located on water (not shown in view of the general public).

 The proposed damless hydroelectric power station (HPS) operates as follows.

 The design of the damless hydroelectric power station with the blades 12 of the impeller 7 fixed in the inoperative position is towed in a floating position to the place of operation (where anchor devices are installed in advance) with cylinder 1 filled with air.

At the place of operation of the damless hydroelectric power station, it is fixed to the anchor devices by means of flexible couplings 28, by adjusting the tension of which, the hydroelectric power station is turned with an inlet diffuser (zone A) towards the flow, the network of the electric power generator 15 is connected with an underwater cable (not shown due to public knowledge) , unlock the blades 12 of the impeller 7 and by adjustable filling of the cylinder 1 with water and the necessary tension of the flexible connections 28, a damless hydroelectric power station is installed at the required depth of the water flow.

 Water flow, penetrating through the inlet diffuser into the inside of the impeller 7, acts on the blades 12 of the active part of the impeller 7 and rotates them around the axis 13 so that they move with their movable end to the bracket 14 and form in sectors the active part of the impeller 7 is a bucket-shaped space, thereby increasing the force of the water flow to rotate the impeller 7 around its axis of rotation. In this case, the impeller 7 with its lower end part through the support rollers 9 with the horizontal axis of rotation rests on the ring track 4, and the inner annular surface through the rollers 11 with the vertical axis of rotation - on the side surface of the cylinder 1. Blades 12, located in the passive part of the impeller 7, which rotates in the opposite direction of the water flow, rotate around axis 13 and open the bottom of the bucket each in its own sector, resulting in a decrease impeller rotation resistance 7.

When the impeller 7 rotates, the sprockets 10, fixed along its perimeter, pull the traction chain 16, transmitting rotation to the driven sprocket 6, located on the axis, fixed on the support 5. Next, the rotation from the sprocket 6 is transmitted to the frame 17, rigidly connected to the sprocket 6, and, by means of the sprockets 18 mounted on the frame 17, the chain 19 is pulled, by means of which the rotation is transmitted to the sprocket 20 and fixed to it frame 21. The sprockets 22 mounted on the frame 21, during its rotation, pull the chain 23 and, through it, transmit the rotation to the sprocket 24 located on the shaft 25. From the shaft 25, the rotation to the shaft of the electric power generator 15 is transmitted by means of a structural element 27.

Technical Advantages of the Invention

 The technical advantages of the proposed technical solution, in comparison with the prototype, include the following:

 - expanding the scope due to the possibility of placing a damless hydroelectric power station both on weak bottom soils and in a thicker water stream;

- a simple structural scheme with a small number of mechanically processed assemblies and parts allows creating large-sized damless hydroelectric power plants with a large unit capacity, limited only by the strength properties of structural materials; - facilitation of transportation of damless hydroelectric power station to the place of installation and operation with the help of tugboats;

 - increasing the efficiency of a damless hydroelectric power station through the use of a three-stage kinematic scheme for transmitting torque (revolutions) from the impeller to the electric power generator.

 After describing the best version of the proposed damless hydroelectric power station, it should be obvious to those skilled in the art that all of the above is illustrative only and not restrictive, being represented by this embodiment. Numerous possible modifications and options for the specific manufacture of the proposed damless hydroelectric power station, in particular, the number of blades, the type of chains and sprockets in chain transmissions, materials, etc., may vary depending on the purpose and nature of operation of the proposed damless hydroelectric power station, and, of course, are within the scope of one of the usual and natural approaches in this field of knowledge and are considered to be within the scope of the proposed technical solution.

The quintessence of the proposed technical solution is the ability to ensure the rotation of the blades in the active zone water flow inside the impeller, which allows you to create space in the form of a bucket, which, in turn, significantly increases the force of the water flow on the rotation of the impeller, and the presence of an inlet diffuser contributes to the formation of the water flow directed to the blades of the impeller the wheels provide their earlier entry into operation, and, at the same time, the presence of an output diffuser contributes to a more complete selection of energy from the water stream due to the later exit from contact with the active part in a single flow inside the impeller, and the use of a kinematic scheme with a high gear ratio of the animation steps provides an increase in the efficiency of the proposed damless hydroelectric power station, and, thanks to the combination of these improvements, the proposed technical solution has acquired the above and other advantages . The use of combinations of individual structural elements from the totality of the declared ones naturally limits the range of advantages listed above, since other designs, such as those described, no longer require any creative approach from designers and engineers, and cannot be considered results their creative activity or objects of intellectual property, respectively complying with the requirements of current legislation for the protection of title documents.

Claims

CLAIM 1. A damless hydroelectric power station with a horizontal blade wheel and a vertical casing mounted on a support, with a cessation, since the central vertical part of the casing is made in the form of a hollow - a meticulous cylinder, filled as necessary with water or air, and the horizontal part of the housing, rigidly connected to the cylinder, is a truss on which an annular track is placed under the support rollers of the impeller, a vane wheel rotating around a hollow cylinder, a support in home sprocket first stage oboro- kinematic transmission scheme comrade from the impeller to the electricity generator side za- grazhdeniya operatively acting as input and vyhodno- of diffusers. 2. The damless hydroelectric power station according to Claim 1, according to claim 1, wherein the impeller is a spatial structure in the form of a ring, the lateral (end) sides of which and the inner annular surface are closed, and the outer annular side is open, and the inner space of the impeller is divided into sectors, in each of which there is a blade with the possibility of a turn inside the sector pa on an axis located on the side of the outer annular surface, and resting with its free end on a bracket mounted on the inner annular surface of the impeller, in addition, rollers with a vertical axis of rotation are mounted on the outer side of the inner annular surface of the impeller, rollers with a horizontal axis of rotation are placed on the lower lateral (end) surface of the wheel, by means of which the impeller rests on the lateral surface of the cylinder and on the ring road, respectively a chain located on the farm, as well as on the upper lateral (end) surface of the impeller along its perimeter, are fixed chain drive sprockets. 3. The damless hydroelectric power station according to Claim 1, with the inclusion of a kinematic scheme of rotation from the impeller to the electric power generator, is three-stage and contains: in the first transmission stage - sprockets fixed on the upper lateral surface around the perimeter of the impeller wheel, a traction chain and a driven sprocket placed on the axis of the support fixed on the truss; in the second gear stage, a frame fixed to the driven sprocket of the first gear, along the perimeter of which the sprockets, the traction chain and the driven sprocket are mounted on an axis fixed to the upper cylinder bottom; in the third transmission steps - a frame fixed on a second-wheel driven sprocket of the second stage, sprockets mounted on the perimeter of the chain, a traction chain and a driven sprocket transmitting rotation to the shaft, one end of which is placed in a support mounted on the upper cylinder bottom, and the other is brought to the technological platform and It contains a structural element by which the shaft interacts with the shaft of the electric power generator.  4. The damless hydroelectric power station according to Claim 1, which includes a technological platform located above the cylinder and rigidly connected to it, on which the electric power generator and compressor are located , gate valve actuators, providing water and air into the cylinder as necessary, anchor device mounting units with devices for adjusting the tension of the flexible connections of anchor devices, and all the necessary means due to the requirements for observing operating rules and safety equipment spacers for equipment located in the aquatic environment.