Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
  • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
  • C23C22/60—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using alkaline aqueous solutions with pH greater than 8
  • C23C22/62—Treatment of iron or alloys based thereon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
  • C23C22/73—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process
  • C23C22/74—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process for obtaining burned-in conversion coatings
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
  • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
  • F16C33/32—Balls
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
  • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
  • F16C33/34—Rollers; Needles
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
  • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
  • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
  • F16C33/64—Special methods of manufacture
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
  • F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
  • F16C2360/31—Wind motors
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C2361/00—Apparatus or articles in engineering in general
  • F16C2361/61—Toothed gear systems, e.g. support of pinion shafts

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for producing a rolling bearing component.
• the invention is based on the invention of proposing a method with which a remedy can be provided in this regard. Accordingly, rolling bearing components are to be provided, which are more robust with respect to said load.
• the method for producing a rolling bearing component made of steel comprises the following steps: a) production of the rolling bearing component by machining and / or by chipless machining; b) introducing the rolling bearing component into an alkaline aqueous salt solution so that an iron oxide layer is formed at least on portions of the surface of the rolling bearing component; c) subsequently heating the component to a temperature which is greater than the room temperature (20 ° C.), this heating representing the completion of the production of the rolling bearing component, and this heating being carried out in an oven or by means of infrared radiation under an air or inert gas atmosphere or in a vacuum.
• a mixed oxide layer with the constituents FeO, Fe 2 O 3 and / or Fe O 4 is preferably produced in this case.
• the rolling bearing component is immersed according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention in the above step b) in a treatment bath having a temperature between 130 ° C and 170 ° C; more preferably, a temperature between 145 ° C and 155 ° C is provided.
• the rolling bearing component in the above step b) is preferably immersed in the treatment bath for a period of between 30 seconds and 5 minutes.
• step b) is preferably carried out until an iron oxide layer with a thickness of between 0.5 ⁇ m and 4 ⁇ m has formed; Particularly preferred is a thickness between 1 ⁇ and 2 ⁇ sought.
• the production of the rolling bearing component according to the above step a) usually comprises a heat treatment for hardening the rolling bearing component and a subsequent hard fine machining, in particular a grinding operation and / or a honing operation.
• the above step b) preferably follows directly on the hard fine machining.
• the temperature in carrying out the above step c) is usually between 50 ° C and 400 ° C, preferably between 100 ° C and 350 ° C.
• the rolling bearing member is preferably maintained at the elevated temperature for a time of at least 2 seconds when carrying out the above step c).
• the rolling bearing component is preferably made of a low alloy steel, in particular of bearing steel grade 100Cr6.
• the treatment bath used in the above step b) may have nitrite in the form of sodium nitrite.
• a nitrate concentration can be set, which corresponds to a maximum of one quarter of the nitrite concentration.
• Phosphate buffer may also be added to the treatment bath.
• the invention proposes a combined passivation of the surface and microstructure stabilization.
• the special proposed surface treatment consists of the combination of the so-called “black oxidation” ("black oxidation”), followed by a post-heating treatment.
• black oxidation black oxidation
• the combination mentioned combines the advantages of increased tribo-chemical resistance of the surface and a thermal stabilization of the near-surface microstructure, in particular a low-energy displacement after the Machining by a static stress aging process of the displacing carbon segregation, so that the bearing life is increased even in problematic load situations, ie in highly dynamic applications, especially under the influence of vibrations, possibly even in combination with unfavorable lubrication conditions.
• the procedure according to the invention is suitable both for rolling elements and for the bearing rings of roller bearings.
• a particularly preferred application are wind turbines, since sometimes very unfavorable bearing loads and critical surface stresses occur here.
• the sequence of a treatment is outlined, which is subjected to a rolling bearing component, ie in particular a bearing ring or a rolling element, to equip it in the above sense with an improved suitability to achieve a long service life under heavy loads. Shown are only those steps that follow the classic machining of the rolling bearing component including hard finishing.
• black oxidizing is used, that is to say the black oxidation of the surface of the rolling bearing component.
• the black oxide layer is caused by a surface treatment that is triggered by a chemical reaction.
• an aqueous alkaline salt solution is used, in which the rolling bearing component is immersed.
• the temperature of the solution is about 150 ° C.
• the reaction between the iron of the alloy - in particular the steel - and the reactant produces an oxide layer on the surface of the rolling bearing component, which consists of a defined Mixture of FeO, Fe 2 O 3 and resulting Fe 3 O 4 consists.
• the result is a black, dark layer or layer with a thickness of 1 to 2 ⁇ .
• the layer thus produced on the functional surface of the rolling bearing component represents a considerable degree of protection of the surface.
• the layer has very advantageous properties of the component, such as an improved running-in phase and a higher stability after shrinkage, in particular in the event of poor lubricating conditions. Also advantageous are a better adhesion of the lubricant and increased resistance to smearing.
• the risk of fretting, pitting and crack formation is also reduced.
• the black oxide layer also provides substantial protection against corrosion; Similarly, the chemical resistance is increased compared to untreated surfaces.
• the given increased resistance to corrosion caused by the black oxide layer suffices to suppress standstill corrosion and fretting.
• the increased chemical resistance is advantageous in view of aggressive components of the lubricating medium.
• the friction behavior of the component is equally improved and reduces wear, which is especially true for mixed friction loads.
• the black oxide layer is also advantageous with respect to barrier formation, which can reduce the penetration of hydrogen.
• a heat aftertreatment is provided, which completes the manufacturing process of the rolling bearing component.
• a thermal aftertreatment for example in air, in a vacuum or in a nitrogen atmosphere, after the hard fine machining of the rolling bearing component and carried out after the first part of the process step, preferably at temperatures below (preferably: about 10 ° C to 60 ° C below) the tempering or transformation temperature from previous heat treatment, eg.
• the post-heating can last at least 2 seconds, preferably between a few minutes to two hours. In this case advantageously no loss of hardness occurs.
• the said post-heating treatment stabilizes the microstructure of the material of the rolling bearing component very advantageously.
• the intended heating of the rolling bearing component following the machining surface treatment stabilizes in metallic materials with dissolved interstitial atoms the dislocation structure generated in the boundary layer in comparison with the corresponding pure room temperature treatments.
• the interstitially dissolved carbon in the lattice becomes mobile and can diffuse to form the so-called Cottrell clouds on the dislocation nuclei and segregate there (stretching aging, see also the so-called Portevin-Le Chuschelier effect).
• This atomic arrangement is energetically favored and thus supports the resistance of the dislocation structure generated by the machining surface processing in the plastically deformed edge zone and therefore counteracts the incipient dislocation movement during operation.
• the service life of the rolling bearing component is thereby increased.
• hot finishing is carried out at 85 ° C. for at least 20 minutes after hard-finishing has been completed. After rinsing, a first browning takes place at 141 ° C for 15 minutes. After a cold rinse, a second browning takes place at 148 ° C for 15 to 20 minutes.
• a hot rinse with short multiple dipping wherein for this purpose a nitrite or hydroxide-containing solution is used to act in this case at 80 ° C for about 1 minute on the surface of the rolling bearing component.
• the post-heat treatment is carried out in a convection oven, wherein in the present case a 120-minute treatment at 203 ° C (+/- 3 ° C) is provided.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
• Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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Cited By (4)

Citations (8)

• 2013
  • 2013-07-04 WO PCT/EP2013/064101 patent/WO2014009236A1/fr not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (8)

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