Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
  • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
  • H04L5/0014—Three-dimensional division
  • H04L5/0023—Time-frequency-space
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
  • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
  • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
  • H04L5/0051—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver of dedicated pilots, i.e. pilots destined for a single user or terminal
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
  • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
  • H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
  • H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
  • H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A) or DMT
  • H04L5/001—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A) or DMT the frequencies being arranged in component carriers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
  • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
  • H04L5/0014—Three-dimensional division
  • H04L5/0016—Time-frequency-code
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
  • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
  • H04W28/06—Optimizing the usage of the radio link, e.g. header compression, information sizing, discarding information
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W72/00—Local resource management

Definitions

• the priority of the Chinese Patent Application for the "Down User-Specific DM-RS Transmission Method and the UE and the Network Side Device” is incorporated herein by reference.
• the present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, and in particular, to a downlink user-specific DM-RS transmission method, a UE, and a network side device.
• CA Carrier Aggregation
• the carriers are aggregated together and serve the UE at the same time, as shown in Figure 1.
• These aggregated carriers are also called component carriers (CC).
• the carrier used by each cell (Cell) can be a member carrier. To ensure backward compatibility with LTE systems, each component carrier does not exceed 20 MHz.
• the DM-RS is transmitted only on the PRB (Physical Resource Block) transmitted in the transmission mode 7 ⁇ 9 to reduce the reference symbol overhead, save energy, and reduce the interference between adjacent cells.
• 2a to 2c are resource mapping modes of a PRB (Physical Resource Block) in a time slot of a DM-RS in a sub-frame, and the time domain is horizontally represented in FIG. 2a to FIG. 2c.
• the resource is in units of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols, where 1 is an OFDM symbol number in a different slot in one subframe, and a longitudinal direction represents a frequency domain resource, in units of subcarriers, k
• each cell identified by a 1 and k number represents an RE (Resource Element), where, for the same subframe, the DM-RS is at antenna port 7/8/1 1/13
• the mapping positions on the same are the same, and the mapping positions on the antenna ports 9/10/12/14 are the same.
• DM-RS Physical Broadcast Channel
• PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel
• DM- The RS does not transmit, so the PDSCH in these PRBs cannot be demodulated based on DM-RS, but can be based on CRS.
• Table 1 DM-RS orthogonal sequences for different antenna ports under conventional CP
• Table 2 DM-RS Orthogonal Sequences for Different Antenna Ports Under Extended CP
• LTE-A Rel-11 determines to introduce a new carrier type (NBC) for the CA system to enhance system frequency usage and better support heterogeneous networks. Reduce power consumption.
• NBC new carrier type
• the specific working mode of the NCT is as follows: Reduce the CRS overhead, only support CRS transmission on the antenna port 0 with a period of 5ms, and the CRS is only used for tracking and measurement; ⁇ Enhanced physical downlink control channel (E-PDCCH, Enhanced Physical Downlink Control) CHannel) scheduling PDSCH transmission; downlink data (including E-PDCCH, PDSCH) are based on DM-RS demodulation, and only supports transmission mode 9; in Rel-11, NCT cannot work independently, and needs to be combined with a legacy carrier Aggregation work; There is a certain deviation according to whether the NCT of the receiving end and the legacy carrier are synchronized in the time domain and the frequency domain, including synchronous and asynchronous NCT; the synchronous signal needs to be transmitted on the asynchronous NCT, and the time-frequency domain resource of the synchronous signal transmission
• the resources of the downlink reference signals such as the CRS, the DM-RS, and the CSI-RS (Channel State Information Reference Signal), do not overlap
• Scenes such as indoor/hotspots have features for low-speed mobile terminals, small multipath delay spread, and small coverage radius.
• Small cell or local cell deployed as a scenario such as Indoor/hotspot.
• the local cell can work independently or in conjunction with a macro cell macro cell.
• LTE-Hi LTE for Hotspot and Indoor
• LTE-Hi can extend bandwidth, such as using higher bandwidth band resources in high frequency bands, or adopt new physical layer transmission technologies such as NCT, Dynamic Time Division Duplex (Dynamic TDD) , Dynamic Time Division Duplex technology, 256 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) achieves higher spectral efficiency and throughput.
• NCT Dynamic Time Division Duplex
• Dynamic TDD Dynamic Time Division Duplex
• QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
• the NCT is more suitable for network deployments such as Indoor/hotspot because of the reduced reference symbols and control channel overhead of the legacy carrier, better support for heterogeneous networks, and lower power consumption.
• the NCT is distinguished from legacy.
• the new carrier type of the carrier can further introduce a design scheme that reduces overhead and improves spectrum efficiency.
• Dynamic TDD technology can dynamically configure the transmission direction of some sub-frames in order to better adapt to the indoor/hotspot scenarios where the uplink/downlink traffic is asymmetric.
• the UEs in the indoor/hotspot scenario are mostly in a low-speed state, and the channel correlation between multiple OFDM symbols and adjacent subframes in one subframe is high, and the DM can be considered without affecting the demodulation performance of the UE.
• -RS resource overhead in the time domain improve throughput;
• the frequency domain channel correlation of the frequency band used by the scene such as Indoor/hotspot is also high, the resource overhead of the DM-RS in the frequency domain can be reduced, and the resource overhead can be improved.
• Throughput there is currently no reduced overhead DM-RS transmission method based on the characteristics of the Indoor/hotspot scenario.
• the present invention provides a downlink user-specific DM-RS transmission method and a UE and a network side device, which are used to reduce DM-RS transmission overhead and improve throughput of an Indoor/hotspot scenario.
• the present invention provides a downlink user-specific demodulation reference signal DM-RS transmission method, including:
• the DM-RS resource mapping manner includes the first type of DM-RS resource mapping And a second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode, where the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode is a DM-RS resource mapping mode defined in a long-term evolution enhanced LTE-A Rel-10 system, and the second type of DM - the RS resource mapping mode is a mapping mode in which the DM-RS occupies a resource reduction with respect to the first DM-RS resource mapping mode;
• the DM-RS information is obtained according to the determined DM-RS resource mapping manner in the transmission resource of the downlink channel.
• the present invention further provides a downlink user-specific demodulation reference signal DM-RS transmission method, including: determining a DM-RS resource mapping manner for a downlink channel, where the DM-RS resource mapping manner includes a first type of DM-RS resource a mapping mode and a second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode, where the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode is a DM-RS resource mapping mode defined in a long-term evolution enhanced LTE-A Rel-10 system, and the second type
• the DM-RS resource mapping mode is a mapping mode in which the DM-RS occupies a resource reduction relationship with respect to the first DM-RS resource mapping mode;
• DM-RS resource mapping and transmission are performed according to the determined DM-RS resource mapping manner.
• the present invention also provides a user equipment UE, including:
• a determining unit configured to determine, according to the pre-arrangement of the UE and the network side, or according to the configuration information sent by the network side, the DM-RS resource mapping manner used by the downlink channel, where the DM-RS resource mapping manner includes the first type
• the DM-RS resource mapping mode and the second DM-RS resource mapping mode are the DM-RS resource mapping modes defined in the LTE-A Rel-10 system.
• the second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode is a mapping mode in which the DM-RS resource consumption is reduced relative to the first type DM-RS resource mapping mode;
• an acquiring unit configured to acquire, according to the determined DM-RS resource mapping manner, DM-RS information in a transmission resource of the downlink channel.
• the invention also provides a network side device, comprising:
• a determining unit configured to determine a DM-RS resource mapping manner for the downlink channel, where the DM-RS resource mapping manner includes a first type DM-RS resource mapping manner and a second type DM-RS resource mapping manner, where A DM-RS resource mapping manner is a DM-RS resource mapping manner defined in the LTE-A Rel-10 system, and the second DM-RS resource mapping manner is relative to the first DM- RS resource mapping mode DM-RS takes up the mapping method of resource reduction;
• a transmitting unit configured to perform DM-RS resource mapping and transmission according to the determined DM-RS resource mapping manner in the transmission resource of the downlink channel.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of carrier aggregation in an existing LTE-A system
• 2a is a DM-RS resource mapping diagram on antenna ports 7 and 8 in a conventional conventional CP
• 2b is a DM-RS resource mapping diagram on antenna ports 9 and 10 in a conventional conventional CP
• 2c is a DM-RS resource mapping diagram on antenna ports 7 and 8 under the existing extended CP
• 3 is a flowchart of a method for transmitting DM-RS dedicated to a downlink user in a network according to an embodiment of the present invention
• FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a terminal-side downlink user-specific DM-RS transmission method according to an embodiment of the present invention
• 5a is a schematic diagram of a time domain truncated DM-RS resource mapping manner of a conventional downlink subframe in a conventional CP according to an embodiment of the present invention
• FIG. 5b is a schematic diagram of a time domain truncated DM-RS resource mapping manner of a conventional downlink subframe in an extended CP according to an embodiment of the present invention
• 6a is a schematic diagram of a time domain truncation DM-RS resource mapping manner of a conventional downlink subframe in a conventional CP according to an embodiment of the present invention
• 6b is a schematic diagram of a time domain truncated DM-RS resource mapping manner of a conventional downlink subframe in an extended CP according to an embodiment of the present invention
• FIG. 7a and 7b are schematic diagrams showing a time domain truncation DM-RS resource mapping manner of a TDD special subframe in a conventional CP according to an embodiment of the present invention
• 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d are schematic diagrams of a frequency domain truncated DM-RS resource mapping manner of a conventional downlink subframe in an extended CP according to an embodiment of the present invention
• FIG. 9 is a structural diagram of a user equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 10 is a structural diagram of a network side device according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The downlink user-specific DM-RS transmission method and the UE and network side devices provided by the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
• the UEs in the indoor/hotspot scenario are mostly in a low-speed state, and the channel correlation between multiple orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbols in one subframe and between adjacent subframes is high, which can affect the demodulation performance of the UE.
• the resource overhead of the DM-RS in the time domain is reduced, and the throughput is improved.
• the frequency domain channel correlation of the frequency band used by the scene such as Indoor/hotspot is also high, the DM-RS can be reduced in the frequency domain. Resource overhead, improve throughput.
• the present invention provides a DM-RS transmission method to reduce the system overhead of the Indoor/hotspot scenario and improve the throughput.
• the implementation of the cooperation between the network side and the terminal side is described, but this is not This means that the two must be implemented together.
• the problems existing on the network side and the terminal side are also solved, but when the two are combined, better technical effects are obtained. .
• FIG. 1 As shown in FIG. 1
• the downlink user-specific demodulation reference signal DM-RS transmission method includes: Step 301: Determine a DM-RS resource mapping manner for the downlink channel, where the DM-RS resource mapping manner includes The first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode and the second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode, the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode is a long-term evolution enhanced DM-RS resource mapping defined in the LTE-A Rel-10 system
• the DM-RS resource mapping mode of the second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode is reduced relative to the DM-RS resource mapping mode of the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode.
• the available DM-RS resource mapping mode includes
• the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode is the legacy DM-RS resource mapping mode, that is, the resource mapping mode defined for each DM-RS antenna port in the LTE-A Rel-10 system, and the second type of DM-RS.
• the resource mapping mode reduces the DM-RS transmission overhead relative to the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode.
• Step 302 Perform, according to the determined DM-RS resource mapping manner, a transmission resource of the downlink channel.
• the transmission resources of the downlink channel include the time domain resource and the frequency domain resource occupied by the downlink channel transmission, the time domain resource is the subframe/slot/OFDM symbol occupied by the downlink channel, and the frequency domain resource is the subcarrier/subcarrier occupied by the downlink channel.
• the physical resource block PRB corresponding to the carrier may further include an E-CCE (Enhanced Control Channel Element) or an E-REG (Enhanced Resource Element Group) for the E-PDCCH.
• the network side determines the DM-RS resource mapping manner used by the downlink channel, and may use any one of the following methods: In the first mode, the DM-RS resource mapping manner used in the downlink channel is determined according to the transmission condition and/or the transmission requirement. And further comprising: sending, to the user equipment UE, configuration information indicating a DM-RS resource mapping manner;
• the DM-RS resource mapping mode used by the downlink channel is determined according to the pre-arrangement of the network side and the user equipment UE, and the configuration information is not required to be sent to the UE.
• the network side performs DM-RS resource mapping and transmission according to the determined DM-RS resource mapping manner, and also transmits information demodulated based on the DM-RS.
• Different downlink channels use the DM-RS resource mapping method used by the downlink channel for resource mapping in the transmission resources of the downlink channel, and map the data information carried by the downlink channel to the transmission resource except the RE occupied by the DM-RS. On the RE.
• the downlink user-specific demodulation reference signal DM-RS transmission method includes: Step 401: Determine a downlink channel according to a pre-arrangement of the user equipment UE and the network side, or according to configuration information sent by the network side.
• the DM-RS resource mapping mode includes the first DM-RS resource mapping mode and the second DM-RS resource mapping mode, and the first DM-RS resource mapping mode.
• the DM-RS resource mapping mode defined in the LTE-A Rel-10 system is enhanced for the long-term evolution, and the second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode is occupied by the DM-RS with respect to the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode. Mapping method of resource reduction;
• Step 402 Obtain, according to the determined DM-RS resource mapping manner, in the transmission resource of the downlink channel.
• the DM-RS resource mapping method that can be used in this embodiment includes two types, and the first-type DM-RS resource mapping method is not used in the same manner as in the prior art, and the downlink user-specific DM-RS transmission method is applied to a specific scenario. For example, in the case of Indoor/hotspot, the transmission overhead and throughput can be reduced.
• the base station and the UE may work independently in the small cell small cell or the local cell local cell, or cooperate/cooperate with a macro cell macro cell.
• NCT carrier mode For small cells or local cells, you can work in NCT carrier mode.
• the network side sending configuration information for indicating the determined DM-RS resource mapping manner to the UE.
• DM-RS resource mapping mode when all downlink channels of the UE meet the transmission conditions and/or transmission requirements, it is determined that all downlink channels use the second type of DM-RS resource mapping manner; otherwise, all downlink channels are determined to use the first type.
• DM-RS resource mapping mode and transmitting configuration information indicating the determined DM-RS resource mapping manner to the UE, for example, the "0" and "1" states of the 1-bit information in the configuration information respectively indicate the first class, The second type of DM-RS resource mapping method.
• the UE determines, according to the configuration information, that all downlink channels of the UE use the DM-RS resource mapping manner.
• the subframes satisfying the condition and The PRB is determined by the network side and is notified to the UE by configuration information corresponding to the downlink channel in the configuration information, or is determined according to a pre-convention of the network side and the UE.
• the network side sends configuration information to the UE, where the configuration information includes configuration information of a DM-RS resource mapping manner that independently indicates different downlink channels.
• the configuration information includes configuration information indicating a DM-RS resource mapping manner for different downlink channel usage; for example, the configuration information includes each The 1-bit configuration information of the downlink channel, the "0" and "1" states of the 1-bit information respectively indicate that the downlink channel uses the first type or the second type of DM-RS resource mapping manner; for example, assume that the UE has an E - PDCCH, PBCH, PDSCH 3 channels, each of the 3 bits of information indicates the DM-RS resource mapping mode of each channel or, for example, a convention of "0" ⁇ Use the first type of DM-RS resource mapping method, "1" to indicate the second type of DM-RS
• 0 0 1 may indicate that the E-PDCCH uses the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode, the PBCH uses the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode, and the PDSCH uses the second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode;
• Different downlink channels may use different DM-RS resource mapping modes under different conditions, that is, Case 1: When one downlink channel satisfies transmission conditions and/or transmission requirements, it is determined that the downlink channel is in any transmission subframe. The second type of DM-RS resource mapping is used, otherwise, the first type of DM-RS resource mapping is used; Case 2: When a downlink channel satisfies transmission conditions and/or transmission requirements in a specific subframe and/or PRB Determining that the downlink channel uses the second type of DM-RS resource mapping manner in the specific subframe and/or the PRB. Otherwise, the first type of DM-RS resource mapping manner is used, and the DM-RS resource mapping is sent to the UE.
• Case 1 When one downlink channel satisfies transmission conditions and/or transmission requirements, it is determined that the downlink channel is in any transmission subframe.
• the second type of DM-RS resource mapping is used, otherwise, the first type of DM-RS resource mapping is used;
• Case 2 When a
• Configuration information of the mode where the configuration information includes configuration information indicating a DM-RS resource mapping manner for different downlink channels; for example, for the downlink channel in case 1, the configuration information includes a 1-bit configuration of each downlink channel. Information, using the "0" and “1" states of the 1-bit information to indicate that the downlink channel uses the first type or the second type of DM-RS resource mapping manner,
• the downlink channel in 2 the configuration information includes A bit configuration information of each downlink channel, where the A bit information is used to indicate a specific subframe and/or a PRB resource, for example, directly indicating a specific subframe number and/or a PRB number, or
• the A bit information indicates information for determining a specific subframe and/or a PRB resource, for example, indicating one subframe period S and one subframe offset offset, and determining that the subframe number n is satisfied
• the DM-RS resource mapping manner used in the resource may be pre-agreed, for example, pre-agreed using the second type DM-RS resource mapping manner, or
• the A bit information includes 1-bit information for indicating that the specific subframe and/or PRB resource uses the first type or the second type of DM-RS resource mapping manner.
• the UE determines, according to the configuration information corresponding to each downlink channel, that the downlink channel uses the first type DM-RS resource mapping manner or the second type DM-RS resource mapping manner, or determines the The downlink channel uses one of the DM-RS resource mapping modes of the two types of DM-RS resource mapping modes in the sub-frame and/or the PRB that meet the condition. Otherwise, another type of DM-RS resource mapping mode is used.
• the subframe and/or the PRB that meet the condition are determined according to configuration information corresponding to the downlink channel in the configuration information or according to a pre-agreed agreement between the UE and the network side.
• PDSCH uses the first type of DM-RS resource mapping manner or the second type of DM-RS resource mapping manner; or, determining that the PDSCH uses the above two types in the subframe and/or PRB that satisfy the condition
• the network side sending configuration information to the UE, where the configuration information only indicates that the PDSCH is used
• the PDSCH when the transmission condition and/or transmission requirement are met, it is determined that the PDSCH uses the second type.
• DM-RS resource mapping mode otherwise, the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode is used, and the configuration information for indicating the DM-RS resource mapping mode is sent to the UE, where the configuration information includes the DM-RS resource mapping indicating the PDSCH.
• the configuration information of the mode for example, the "0" and "1" states of the 1-bit information in the configuration information respectively indicate that the PDSCH uses the first type or the second type of DM-RS resource mapping manner; or
• the UE determines, according to the configuration information corresponding to the PDSCH, the first DM-RS resource mapping mode or the second DM-RS resource mapping mode of the PDSCH; or, determines that the PDSCH meets the conditional subframe and And/or one of the DM-RS resource mapping modes of the two types of DM-RS resource mapping modes used in the PRB, otherwise, another type of DM-RS resource mapping mode is used, and the sub-frame and/or conditional conditions are met.
• the PRB is determined according to the configuration information or according to a pre-agreed agreement between the UE and the network side.
• the network side passes the physical downlink control channel PDCCH signaling and enhances the physical downlink control channel.
• At least one of E-PDCCH signaling, medium access control MAC signaling, and radio resource control RRC signaling sends the configuration information to the UE.
• the UE receives the configuration information by using at least one of PDCCH signaling, E-PDCCH signaling, media access control MAC signaling, and radio resource control RRC signaling.
• the network side and the user equipment UE pre-agreed the same DM-RS resource mapping manner, and the network side and the UE determine the DM-RS resource mapping manner for the downlink channel, and specifically, any one or any of the following may be used. a combination of certain ways:
• the PDSCH uses the second type of DM-RS resource mapping manner in all the transmission subframes of the PDSCH, or uses the above two types of DMs in the transmission subframe and/or PRB that meet the set conditions. - One type of DM-RS resource mapping mode of the RS resource mapping mode. Otherwise, another type of DM-RS resource mapping mode is used.
• 3) determining that the PDSCH is in the transmission subframe and/or PRB satisfying the set condition, and using the above two types
• One type of DM-RS resource mapping mode of the DM-RS resource mapping mode is used.
• another type of DM-RS resource mapping mode is used. Specifically, any one or any combination of the following may be used:
• the PDSCH uses the second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode in other transmission subframes.
• the S1 pre-agreed or the high-level signaling configuration period value, offsetl is pre-agreed or high-level signaling configuration. Subframe number offset value.
• the PDSCH uses the first type of DM-RS resource mapping manner in the TDD special subframe using the regular cyclic prefix CP, and the PDSCH uses the second type DM-RS resource mapping manner in other transmission subframes;
• the PDSCH uses the first type of DM-RS resource mapping manner in the TDD special subframe using the extended CP, and the PDSCH uses the second type DM-RS resource mapping manner in other transmission subframes.
• the PDSCH uses the second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode in other transmission subframes; or determines that the PDSCH is transmitted in the PDSCH transmission subframe including the PBCH and/or the synchronization signal transmission only in the PDSCH transmission.
• the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode is adopted, and the PDSCH does not include the PBCH and/or the synchronization in the remaining PRBs in the PRB set in which the PDB is transmitted.
• the second type of DM-RS resource mapping manner is used in the PDSCH transmission subframe of the signal transmission; or
• the first type of DM-RS resource mapping manner is adopted.
• the PRB set in which the PDSCH transmission is located does not include the PRB in which the PBCH and/or the synchronization signal is transmitted, or in the PDSCH transmission subframe that does not include the PBCH and/or the synchronization signal transmission, and uses the second type of DM-RS resource mapping manner. (ie, the DM-RS resource mapping method is used on all PRBs in the PRB set where the PDSCH transmission is located).
• the four modes of the above manners 1) to 4) and the multiple sub-modes of each of the modes may be independently operated; or may be combined in any combination, that is, one of the plurality of modes and sub-modes may be used.
• the conditional combination of the RS resource mapping method, and the PDSCH that satisfies the combination condition is used to determine the DM-RS resource mapping manner.
• Another type of DM-RS resource mapping Specific may include but is not limited to the following:
• a PDSCH transmitted in a subframe in which subframe number n satisfies (n-offsetl) modSl 0, and/or, in a time division duplex TDD special subframe (or a specific special subframe, for example, using a special CP) a subframe, a PDSCH transmitted in a special subframe using an extended CP, or a special subframe with a specific special subframe configuration, and/or a PDSCH transmitted in a subframe containing PBCH and/or synchronization signal transmission And/or, the retransmitted PDSCH, and/or the PDSCH transmitted on the macro cell, using the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode, and in other cases, the second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode; Or,
• a PDSCH transmitted in a transmission subframe in which the subframe number n satisfies (n-offsetl) modS1 0, and/or, in a time division duplex TDD special subframe (or a specific special subframe, for example, using a conventional CP a special subframe, or a special subframe using an extended CP, or a PDSCH transmitted in a special subframe having a specific special subframe configuration, and/or a PBCH and/or a synchronization signal in a PRB set in which the PDSCH transmission is located In the part of the transmitted PRB, and/or the retransmitted PDSCH, and/or the PDSCH transmitted on the macro cell, the first type of DM-RS resource mapping is used, and in other cases, the second type of DM is used.
• RS resource mapping mode or,
• a PDSCH transmitted in a transmission subframe in which the subframe number n satisfies (n-offsetl) modS1 0, and/or, in a time division duplex TDD special subframe (or a specific special subframe, for example, using a conventional CP a special subframe, or a special subframe using an extended CP, or a PDSCH transmitted in a special subframe having a specific special subframe configuration, and/or a PBCH and/or a synchronization signal in a PRB set in which the PDSCH transmission is located
• the transmitted PDSCH, and/or the retransmitted PDSCH, and/or the PDSCH transmitted on the macro cell use the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode, and in other cases, the second type of DM-RS resource Mapping method; or,
• a PDSCH transmitted in a transmission subframe in which the subframe number n does not satisfy (n-offsetl) modS1 0, and/or, in a time division duplex TDD special subframe (or a specific special subframe, for example, using a regular CP) a special subframe, or a special subframe that uses an extended CP, or a PDSCH transmitted in a special subframe with a specific special subframe configuration, and/or, transmitted in a subframe containing PBCH and/or synchronization signal transmission PDSCH, and/or, retransmitted PDSCH, and/or PDSCH transmitted on the macro cell, using the first type of DM-RS resource mapping, and in other cases, using the second type of DM-RS resource mapping Way; or,
• a PDSCH transmitted in a transmission subframe in which the subframe number n does not satisfy (n-offsetl) modS1 0, and/or, in a time division duplex TDD special subframe (or a specific special subframe, for example, using a regular CP) a special subframe, or a special subframe that uses an extended CP, or a PDSCH transmitted in a special subframe with a specific special subframe configuration, and/or a PBCH and/or a synchronization in the PRB set in which the PDSCH transmission is located
• the first type of DM-RS resource mapping is used, and in other cases, the second type of DM is used.
• -RS resource mapping method or,
• a PDSCH transmitted in a transmission subframe in which the subframe number n does not satisfy (n-offsetl) modS1 0, and/or, in a time division duplex TDD special subframe (or a specific special subframe, for example, using a regular CP) Special sub-frame, or use a PDSCH transmitted in a special subframe of an extended CP, or a special subframe having a specific special subframe configuration, and/or a PDSCH including a PBCH and/or a synchronization signal transmission in a PRB set in which the PDSCH transmission is located, and/or Or, the retransmitted PDSCH, and/or the PDSCH transmitted on the macro cell, adopts the first type of DM-RS resource mapping manner, and in other cases, the second type DM-RS resource mapping manner;
• the S1 pre-agreed or the high-level signaling configuration is a period value
• the offset1 is a pre-agreed or high-level signaling configured sub-frame number offset value
• TDD special subframe for example, a special subframe under a regular CP, or a special subframe under an extended CP, or a special subframe with a specific configuration
• Condition 3 PDSCH transmitted in a subframe containing PBCH and/or synchronization signal transmission; or,
• Condition 3 In the PRB set where the PDSCH transmission is located, the part of the PRB that contains the PBCH and/or the synchronization signal transmission; or,
• Condition 3 PSCH and/or PDSCH transmitted by the synchronization signal are included in the PRB set in which the PDSCH transmission is located;
• Condition 4 Retransmitted PDSCH;
• the PDSCH that satisfies the above condition 1 only uses the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode, and in other cases, the second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode; or
• Only the PDSCH that satisfies the above condition 2 uses the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode, and in other cases, the second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode; or
• the PDSCH that satisfies the above condition 4 only uses the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode, and in other cases, the second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode; or
• the PDSCH that satisfies the above condition 5 only uses the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode, and in other cases, the second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode; or
• DM-RS resource mapping mode in other cases, the second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode
• a partial PRB in a PDSCH or a PDSCH that satisfies any of the conditions 2 and 4 above, using a first type of DM-RS resource mapping manner, and in other cases, a second type DM-RS resource mapping manner; or ,
• the partial PRB in the PDSCH or the PDSCH that satisfies any of the conditions 1, 2, and 2 above is used in the first type of DM-RS resource mapping, and in other cases, the second type of DM-RS resource mapping is used.
• the partial PRB in the PDSCH or PDSCH that satisfies any of the conditions 1, 2, and 4 above is used in the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode, and in other cases, the second type of DM is used.
• the second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode or a partial PDB in the PDSCH or PDSCH that satisfies any of the conditions 1, 2, and 5 above, using the first type of DM-RS resource mapping, and in other cases,
• the second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode; or the partial PRB of the PDSCH or PDSCH that satisfies any of the conditions 2, 3, and 4 above, and the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode in other cases
• the second type of DM-RS resource mapping method is used; or the partial PRB in the PDSCH or PDSCH that satisfies any of the conditions 2, 3, and 5 above, and the first type of DM-RS resource mapping method is used. In other cases, the second type of DM-RS resources are used.
• the second type is used.
• the second type of DM-RS resource mapping method is used; or the partial PRB in the PDSCH or the PDSCH that satisfies any of the conditions 1, 2, 2, and 5 above, and the first type of DM-RS is used.
• the second type of DM-RS resource mapping method is used; or the partial PRB in the PDSCH or PDSCH that satisfies any of the conditions 1, condition 3, condition 4, and condition 5 above, The first type of DM-RS resource mapping is used, and in other cases, the second type of DM-RS resource mapping is used; or the PDSCH that satisfies any of the conditions 2, 3, 4, and 5 above Part of the PRB in the PDSCH, using the first type of DM-RS resource mapping
• the second type of DM-RS resource mapping method is used; or, the PDSCH in the condition 1, the condition 2, the condition 3, the condition 4, and the condition 5 is a partial PRB in the PDSCH or the PDSCH, Use the first type of DM-RS resource mapping method. In other cases, use the second type DM-RS resource mapping method. Style.
• different downlink channels may have different methods for determining a DM-RS resource mapping manner.
• E-PDCCH and PBCH use a pre-agreed method to determine that the first type is always used.
• the PDSCH may use a pre-agreed method to determine the DM-RS resource mapping manner according to the different preset rule conditions that are met, or may also use the signaling configuration method to determine the DM-RS through the configuration information. Resource mapping method.
• the second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode is a mapping mode of the DM-RS resource consumption reduction mode with respect to the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode.
• the second type of DM-RS resource mapping may be determined by using any of the following methods. the way:
• the DM-RS is mapped to only part of the DM-RS resources on the corresponding antenna port in the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode, based on the first type of DM-RS resource mapping manner, and the obtained time domain is / or frequency domain DM-RS resource truncated resource mapping.
• the part of the DM-RS resource is:
• the resource unit RE corresponding to the DM-RS on the two adjacent OFDM symbols in the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol of the DM-RS mapping resource in one subframe In the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode, the OFDM of the DM-RS in one subframe includes the RE corresponding to the DM-RS on the four adjacent OFDM symbols. In this embodiment, only two adjacent OFDMs are taken. The RE corresponding to the DM-RS on the symbol.
• the DM-RS is mapped on the RE corresponding to the DM-RS on the first two adjacent OFDM symbols; or, as shown in FIG. 6a, FIG. 6b, FIG. 7a, and FIG.
• mapping the DM-RSo on the RE corresponding to the DM-RS on the last two adjacent OFDM symbols is not limited thereto, for example, for a special subframe, on the antenna port 7/8/11/13, only in the OFDM including the DM-RS, the DM-RS on the first two adjacent OFDM symbols Mapping the DM-RS on the corresponding RE, on the antenna port 9/10/12/14, only in the OFDM including the DM-RS, the RE corresponding to the DM-RS on the last two adjacent OFDM symbols Map DM-RS.
• the part of the DM-RS resource is: In the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode, at least one set of subcarriers with the same number of DM-RS mapping resources in one subframe
• the RE corresponding to the DM-RS as shown in the figure 8a to 8b, the partial DM-RS resources are specifically: in the first type of DM-RS resource mapping manner, each subframe includes a DM-RS corresponding to two DM-RSs of the same DM-RS on the subcarriers with the same number k RE.
• the combination of the time domain and the frequency domain truncation may be combined, that is, any combination of the above two modes, and details are not described herein.
• Newly defined DM-RS resource mapping method The number of OFDM symbols (instant domain density) including the DM-RS mapping resource in one subframe is smaller than the number of the OFDM symbols in the first type DM-RS resource mapping manner, and/or includes DM- The number of REs corresponding to the DM-RS on the OFDM symbol of the RS mapping resource (ie, the frequency domain density) is smaller than the redefined resource mapping manner of the number of REs in the first type of DM-RS resource mapping manner.
• the antenna ports of the above-mentioned transmission DM-RS in this embodiment are antenna ports 7-14.
• a user equipment UE and a network side device are further provided in the embodiment of the present invention. Since the principle of solving the problem of these devices is similar to a downlink user-specific DM-RS transmission method, the implementation of these devices can be seen. The implementation of the method, the repetition will not be repeated.
• the user equipment UE provided by the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 9, includes:
• the determining unit 901 is configured to determine, according to the pre-arrangement of the UE and the network side, or the DM-RS resource mapping manner for the downlink channel, according to the configuration information sent by the network side, where the DM-RS resource mapping manner includes the first
• the DM-RS resource mapping mode and the second DM-RS resource mapping mode are the DM-RS resource mapping modes defined in the LTE-A Rel-10 system.
• the second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode is a mapping mode in which the DM-RS resource consumption is reduced relative to the first type DM-RS resource mapping mode;
• the obtaining unit 902 is configured to obtain DM-RS information according to the determined DM-RS resource mapping manner in the transmission resource of the downlink channel.
• the determining unit determines, according to the configuration information sent by the network side, the DM-RS resource mapping manner used by the downlink channel, which specifically includes:
• the configuration information indicates a DM-RS resource mapping manner used by the UE, and determining, according to the configuration information, that all downlink channels of the UE use the DM-RS resource mapping manner; or
• the configuration information includes configuration information of a DM-RS resource mapping manner for indicating different downlink channels, and determining, according to configuration information corresponding to each downlink channel, the first type of DM-RS resource mapping manner. Or a second type of DM-RS resource mapping manner, or determining that the downlink channel uses one of the two types of DM-RS resource mapping modes in the subframe and/or the physical resource block PRB that meet the condition.
• the resource mapping mode otherwise, another type of DM-RS resource mapping mode is used, and the sub-frame and/or PRB that meets the condition is determined or determined according to the configuration information corresponding to the downlink channel in the configuration information. Pre-agreed by the UE and the network side; or
• the configuration information only indicates a DM-RS resource mapping manner used by the physical downlink shared channel PDSCH, according to
• the configuration information corresponding to the PDSCH determines whether the PDSCH uses the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode or the second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode, or determines that the PDSCH uses the above two types in the subframe and/or PRB that satisfy the condition.
• DM-RS resources One of the DM-RS resource mapping modes of the mapping mode, otherwise, another type of DM-RS resource mapping mode is used, and the sub-frame and/or PRB that meet the condition is determined according to the configuration information corresponding to the PDSCH or according to the The UE and the network side pre-agreed to determine.
• the determining unit uses at least one signaling receiving station in physical downlink control channel PDCCH signaling, enhanced physical downlink control channel E-PDCCH signaling, media access control MAC signaling, and radio resource control RRC signaling. Describe the configuration information.
• the determining unit determines, according to a pre-agreement between the UE and the network side, a DM-RS resource mapping manner for the downlink channel, specifically:
• Determining the physical broadcast channel PBCH uses the first type of DM-RS resource mapping method; and / or,
• the PDSCH uses the second type of DM-RS resource mapping manner in all the transmission subframes of the PDSCH, or uses the above two types of DM-RS resource mapping in the transmission subframe and/or the PRB that meet the setting conditions.
• the determining unit determines that the PDSCH uses one of the two types of DM-RS resource mapping modes of the two types of DM-RS resource mapping modes in the transmission subframe and/or the PRB that meet the set condition, otherwise, another A type of DM-RS resource mapping method includes:
• the S1 is a pre-agreed or high-level signaling configured period value
• the offset1 is a pre-agreed or high-layer signaling configured sub-frame number offset value.
• the determining unit determines that the PDSCH uses one of the two types of DM-RS resource mapping modes of the two types of DM-RS resource mapping modes in the transmission subframe and/or the PRB that meet the set condition, otherwise, another A type of DM-RS resource mapping method includes:
• the PDSCH uses the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode in the time division duplex TDD special subframe, and uses the second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode in other transmission subframes;
• the PDSCH uses the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode in the TDD special subframe using the regular cyclic prefix CP, and uses the second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode in other transmission subframes;
• the PDSCH uses the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode in the TDD special subframe using the extended CP, and uses the second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode in other transmission subframes.
• the determining unit determines that the PDSCH uses one of the two types of DM-RS resource mapping modes of the two types of DM-RS resource mapping modes in the transmission subframe and/or the PRB that meet the set condition, otherwise, another One type of DM-RS resources
• the mapping method includes:
• the PDSCH uses the first type of DM-RS resource mapping manner in the PDSCH transmission subframes that include the PBCH and/or the synchronization signal transmission, and uses the second type of DM-RS resource mapping manner in the other PDSCH transmission subframes;
• the second type of DM-RS resource mapping manner is used;
• the first type of DM-RS resource mapping manner is adopted.
• the second type of DM-RS resource mapping manner is used.
• the determining unit determines that the PDSCH uses one of the two types of DM-RS resource mapping modes of the two types of DM-RS resource mapping modes in the transmission subframe and/or the PRB that meet the set condition, otherwise, another A type of DM-RS resource mapping method includes:
• the second type of DM-RS resource mapping is used.
• the determining unit determines, according to the pre-arrangement of the user equipment UE and the network side, the mapping manner of the DM-RS resource used by the downlink channel, which specifically includes:
• the PDSCH uses the first type of DM-RS resource mapping manner in the PDSCH transmission subframe on the macro cell.
• the second type of DM-RS resource mapping manner determined by the determining unit is:
• the DM-RS is mapped to only part of the DM-RS resources on the corresponding antenna port in the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode, based on the first type of DM-RS resource mapping manner, and the obtained time domain is / or frequency domain DM-RS resource truncated resource mapping; or
• the number of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbols that satisfy the DM-RS mapping resource in one subframe is smaller than the number of the OFDM symbols in the first type DM-RS resource mapping manner, and/or includes DM-
• the number of resource elements RE corresponding to the DM-RS on the OFDM symbol of the RS mapping resource is smaller than the redefinition resource mapping mode of the number of REs in the first type of DM-RS resource mapping manner.
• the part of the DM-RS resource is:
• an OFDM symbol including a DM-RS mapping resource in one subframe, an RE corresponding to a DM-RS on two adjacent OFDM symbols, and/or one subframe The RE corresponding to the DM-RS on the at least one set of subcarriers with the same number of DM-RS mapping resources is included.
• the embodiment of the present invention further provides a network side device, as shown in FIG. 10, including:
• a determining unit 101 configured to determine a DM-RS resource mapping manner for downlink channel usage, where the DM-RS resource mapping
• the method includes a first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode and a second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode, where the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode is a long-term evolution enhanced DM-RS defined in the LTE-A Rel-10 system.
• a resource mapping mode where the second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode is a mapping mode in which the DM-RS resource consumption is reduced relative to the first type DM-RS resource mapping mode;
• the transmitting unit 102 is configured to perform DM-RS resource mapping and transmission according to the determined DM-RS resource mapping manner in the transmission resource of the downlink channel.
• the determining unit determines a DM-RS resource mapping manner for the downlink channel, specifically: determining, according to the transmission condition and/or the transmission requirement, the DM-RS resource mapping manner used by the downlink channel, and the user equipment UE Sending configuration information indicating a DM-RS resource mapping manner; or
• the DM-RS resource mapping mode for the downlink channel is determined according to the pre-arrangement of the network side device and the user equipment UE.
• the determining unit determines a DM-RS resource mapping manner for the downlink channel according to the transmission condition and/or the transmission requirement, and sends configuration information for indicating the DM-RS resource mapping manner to the user equipment UE, specifically including Determining, by using the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode or the second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode, and transmitting, to the UE, the DM-RS resource mapping manner for indicating the determining Or, for each downlink channel, determining that the downlink channel uses the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode or the second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode, or determines that the downlink channel meets the condition
• the DM-RS resource mapping method of the above two types of DM-RS resource mapping modes is adopted in the subframe and/or the physical resource block PRB.
• the UE sends configuration information, where the configuration information includes configuration information indicating a DM-RS resource mapping manner for different downlink channels, and the subframe and/or PRB satisfying the condition is Unit determined by the configuration information, the downlink notification channel configuration information corresponding to the UE or from the network side according to the pre-agreed with the UE determining means; or
• the sub-frame and/or PRB that meet the condition is determined by the determining unit, and is notified to the UE by using the configuration information or determined according to a pre-convention of the network side device and the UE.
• the determining unit performs at least one of physical downlink control channel PDCCH signaling, enhanced physical downlink control channel E-PDCCH signaling, media access control MAC signaling, and radio resource control RRC signaling.
• the UE sends the configuration information.
• the determining unit determines, according to a pre-agreement of the network side device and the user equipment UE, a DM-RS resource mapping manner for the downlink channel, specifically: Determining the E-PDCCH using the first type of DM-RS resource mapping manner; and/or,
• Determining the physical broadcast channel PBCH uses the first type of DM-RS resource mapping method; and / or,
• the PDSCH uses the second type of DM-RS resource mapping manner in all the transmission subframes of the PDSCH, or uses the above two types of DM-RSs in the transmission subframe and/or PRB that meet the set conditions.
• the determining unit determines, in the transmission subframe and/or the PRB that meets the setting condition, that the PDSCH uses one of the two types of DM-RS resource mapping modes of the foregoing two types of DM-RS resource mapping manners, otherwise,
• Another type of DM-RS resource mapping method includes:
• the S1 pre-agreed or the period value of the high-level signaling configuration, and the offset1 is the subframe number offset value of the pre-agreed or high-layer signaling configuration.
• the determining unit determines, in the transmission subframe and/or the PRB that meets the setting condition, that the PDSCH uses one of the two types of DM-RS resource mapping modes of the foregoing two types of DM-RS resource mapping manners, otherwise,
• Another type of DM-RS resource mapping method includes:
• the PDSCH uses the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode in the time division duplex TDD special subframe, and uses the second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode in other transmission subframes;
• the PDSCH uses the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode in the TDD special subframe using the regular cyclic prefix CP, and uses the second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode in other transmission subframes;
• the PDSCH uses the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode in the TDD special subframe using the extended CP, and uses the second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode in other transmission subframes.
• the determining unit determines, in the transmission subframe and/or the PRB that meets the setting condition, that the PDSCH uses one of the two types of DM-RS resource mapping modes of the foregoing two types of DM-RS resource mapping manners, otherwise,
• Another type of DM-RS resource mapping method includes:
• the PDSCH uses the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode in the PDSCH transmission subframe including the PBCH and/or the synchronization signal transmission, and uses the second type DM-RS resource mapping manner in the other transmission subframes;
• Determining that the PDSCH is in the PDSCH transmission subframe including the PBCH and/or the synchronization signal transmission and only uses the first type of DM-RS resource mapping manner in the PRB including the PBCH and/or the synchronization signal transmission in the PRB set in which the PDSCH transmission is located.
• the second type of DM-RS resource mapping manner is used in the remaining PRBs in the PRB set or in the PDSCH transmission subframes that do not include PBCH and/or synchronization signal transmission; or
• the first type of DM-RS resource mapping manner is used, when the PRB set does not include the PRB where the PBCH and/or the synchronization signal is transmitted, or In a PDSCH transmission subframe that does not include PBCH and/or synchronization signal transmission, a second type of DM-RS resource mapping scheme is used.
• the determining unit determines, in the transmission subframe and/or the PRB that meets the setting condition, that the PDSCH uses one of the two types of DM-RS resource mapping modes of the foregoing two types of DM-RS resource mapping manners, otherwise,
• Another type of DM-RS resource mapping method includes:
• the PDSCH is determined to use the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode in the retransmission subframe of the PDSCH, and the second type of DM-RS resource mapping mode is used in the initial transmission subframe of the PDSCH.
• the determining unit determines, according to a pre-agreement of the network side device and the user equipment UE, a DM-RS resource mapping manner for the downlink channel, specifically:
• Determining that the PDSCH is in the PDSCH transmission subframe on the macro cell uses the first type of DM-RS resource mapping manner.
• the mapping manner of the second type of DM-RS resources determined by the determining unit is:
• the DM-RS is mapped to only part of the DM-RS resources on the corresponding antenna port in the first type of DM-RS resource mapping mode, based on the first type of DM-RS resource mapping manner, and the obtained time domain is / or frequency domain DM-RS resource truncated resource mapping; or
• the number of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbols that satisfy the DM-RS mapping resource in one subframe is smaller than the number of the OFDM symbols in the first type DM-RS resource mapping manner, and/or includes DM-
• the number of resource elements RE corresponding to the DM-RS on the OFDM symbol of the RS mapping resource is smaller than the redefinition resource mapping mode of the number of REs in the first type of DM-RS resource mapping manner.
• the part of the DM-RS resource is:
• the DM symbol including the DM-RS mapping resource in one subframe, the RE corresponding to the DM-RS on the two adjacent OFDM symbols, and/or one subframe includes The DM-RS maps the RE corresponding to the DM-RS on the same number of subcarriers of the same number of resources.
• the embodiment of the present invention further provides a downlink user-specific demodulation reference signal DM-RS transmission system, including: the user equipment UE and the network side device provided by the foregoing embodiments.
• a downlink user-specific demodulation reference signal DM-RS transmission system including: the user equipment UE and the network side device provided by the foregoing embodiments.
• embodiments of the present invention can be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, the present invention can be embodied in the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage interfaces (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer usable program code.
• computer-usable storage interfaces including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
• the computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising the instruction device.
• the apparatus implements the functions specified in one or more blocks of a flow or a flow and/or block diagram of the flowchart.
• These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device such that a series of operational steps are performed on a computer or other programmable device to produce computer-implemented processing for execution on a computer or other programmable device.
• the instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more of the flow or in a block or blocks of a flow diagram.

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• 2012
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