WO2014092170A1 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014092170A1 WO2014092170A1 PCT/JP2013/083388 JP2013083388W WO2014092170A1 WO 2014092170 A1 WO2014092170 A1 WO 2014092170A1 JP 2013083388 W JP2013083388 W JP 2013083388W WO 2014092170 A1 WO2014092170 A1 WO 2014092170A1
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- 0 *c(c(N)c1)ccc1N Chemical compound *c(c(N)c1)ccc1N 0.000 description 4
- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nc1cc(N)ccc1 Chemical compound Nc1cc(N)ccc1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
- G02F1/133723—Polyimide, polyamide-imide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1042—Copolyimides derived from at least two different tetracarboxylic compounds or two different diamino compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1057—Polyimides containing other atoms than carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen or oxygen in the main chain
- C08G73/106—Polyimides containing other atoms than carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen or oxygen in the main chain containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1075—Partially aromatic polyimides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1075—Partially aromatic polyimides
- C08G73/1078—Partially aromatic polyimides wholly aromatic in the diamino moiety
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal aligning agent used for producing a liquid crystal aligning film, a liquid crystal aligning film using the same, and a liquid crystal display element.
- a liquid crystal alignment film which is a constituent member of a liquid crystal display element, is a film for uniformly arranging liquid crystals.
- the alignment uniformity of liquid crystals but also various characteristics are required.
- the liquid crystal alignment film In the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal alignment film, it is common to perform an alignment process called rubbing by rubbing the surface of the polymer film with a cloth. However, if the rubbing resistance of the liquid crystal alignment film is insufficient, the film is scraped to generate scratches and dust, or the film itself is peeled off, thereby degrading the display quality of the liquid crystal display element.
- the liquid crystal display element is driven by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal. For this reason, when the voltage holding ratio (VHR) of the liquid crystal alignment film is low, a sufficient voltage is not applied to the liquid crystal, and the display contrast is lowered.
- VHR voltage holding ratio
- a phenomenon such as afterimage or display burn-in occurs.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a method for obtaining a liquid crystal alignment film having excellent rubbing resistance and less afterimage and image sticking.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a method for obtaining a liquid crystal alignment film having excellent liquid crystal alignment properties, alignment regulating power, and rubbing resistance, a high voltage holding ratio, and reduced charge accumulation.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and a liquid crystal capable of obtaining a liquid crystal alignment film having a high voltage holding ratio and a very small charge accumulation while maintaining rubbing resistance.
- An object is to provide an alignment agent, a liquid crystal alignment film, and a liquid crystal display element.
- the inventor has conducted research to achieve the above object, and has arrived at the present invention having the following summary.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent characterized by containing the following (A) component and the following (B) component.
- (A) component at least one polymer selected from a polyimide precursor obtained by polymerizing a tetracarboxylic acid component and a diamine component and a polyimide obtained by imidizing this polyimide precursor,
- the tetracarboxylic acid component is 3,4-dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalene succinic dianhydride, 3,4-dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1- And at least one selected from naphthalene succinic diester and 3,4-dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalene succinic diester dichloride, and the diamine component is represented by the following formula (1): Polymer comprising a diamine having a side chain represented
- P 1 represents a single bond or a divalent organic group
- Q 1 , Q 2 , and Q 3 each independently represent a divalent benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring
- p, q, r Each independently represents an integer of 0 or 1
- P 2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, or a divalent organic group having 12 to 25 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton.
- component at least one polymer selected from a polyimide precursor obtained by polymerizing a tetracarboxylic acid component and a diamine component and a polyimide obtained by imidizing this polyimide precursor,
- the tetracarboxylic acid component is 3,4-dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalene succinic dianhydride, 3,4-dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1- At least one selected from
- the diamine component consists only of a diamine represented by the following formula (2).
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of description is not limited to:
- two X's each independently represents an oxygen atom or a single bond
- n represents an integer of 1 to 10
- two R 22's each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the diamine having a side chain represented by the formula (1) is a diamine represented by the following formula (3).
- Liquid crystal aligning agent as described in.
- P 1 represents a single bond or a divalent organic group
- Q 1 , Q 2 , and Q 3 each independently represent a divalent benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring
- p, q, r Each independently represents an integer of 0 or 1
- P 2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, or a divalent organic group having 12 to 25 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton.
- a liquid crystal alignment film obtained by applying the liquid crystal aligning agent according to any one of the above to a substrate and baking it.
- a liquid crystal display element comprising the liquid crystal alignment film described in 1.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains the specific component (A) and component (B), the voltage holding ratio is high while maintaining the rubbing resistance, which has been a conventionally required characteristic, and in the present age. It is possible to form a liquid crystal alignment film that has a very small charge accumulation to meet even strict requirements.
- the present invention is described in detail below.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention contains the said (A) component and the said (B) component.
- the liquid crystal alignment agent is a solution for producing a liquid crystal alignment film, and the liquid crystal alignment film is a film for aligning liquid crystals in a predetermined direction.
- Each component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention is explained in full detail below.
- the component (A) contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is selected from a polyimide precursor obtained by polymerizing a tetracarboxylic acid component and a diamine component, and a polyimide obtained by imidizing this polyimide precursor. At least one polymer.
- the polyimide precursor include polyamic acid (also referred to as polyamic acid), polyamic acid ester, and the like.
- the tetracarboxylic acid component is 3,4-dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalene succinic dianhydride (hereinafter also referred to as “TDA”).
- TDA diester 3,4-dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalene succinic acid diester
- TDA diester dichloride 4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalene succinic diester dichloride
- the polymer of the component (A) is a polymer having a tetravalent structure represented by the following formula (4) derived from TDA, TDA diester or TDA diester dichloride.
- the total content of TDA, TDA diester and TDA diester dichloride with respect to the total amount of the tetracarboxylic acid component is, for example, 20 to 100 mol%, preferably 40 to 100 mol%.
- the diamine component to be polymerized with the tetracarboxylic acid component includes a diamine having a side chain represented by the above formula (1).
- the main chain of diamine is a structure connecting two amino groups of diamine
- the side chain of diamine is a structure branched from a structure connecting two amino groups of diamine.
- the polymer of the component (A) includes a diamine having a side chain represented by the formula (1) as a raw material diamine component
- the polymer of the component (A) is, for example, This structure has a benzene ring in the main chain and -P 1- (Q 1 ) p- (Q 2 ) q- (Q 3 ) r -P 2 bonded to the benzene ring as a side chain.
- a TN (Twisted Nematic) mode in which a relatively low pretilt angle of 3 to 5 ° is required, or an OCB (Optically Compensated Bend) in which a pretilt of 8 to 20 ° is required.
- a side chain (-P 1- (Q 1 ) p- (Q 2 ) q- (Q 3 ) r -P 2 ) having a relatively low tilting ability is preferable.
- P 1 is preferably —O—, —NHCO— or —CONH—
- p is 0 to 1
- q is 0 to 1
- r is 0.
- P 2 is preferably a linear alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms
- P 2 is a linear alkyl having 10 to 22 carbon atoms.
- a divalent organic group selected from a C 12-25 organic group having a group or a steroid skeleton is preferred.
- Specific examples of the structure of the side chain having a small tilting ability are shown in Table 1, but are not limited thereto. Note that in this specification, an organic group is, for example, —O—, —NHCO—, —CONH—, —COO—, or a hydrocarbon group which may have N or O.
- a diamine having a long-chain alkyl side chain as shown in [1-1] of Table 1 is preferable, and is represented by [1-9] of Table 1 from the viewpoint of liquid crystal alignment and pretilt stability.
- Diamines having side chains are preferred.
- VA Vertical Alignment
- P 1 is preferably —O—, —COO—, or —CH 2 O—
- p is 0 to 1
- q is 0 to 1
- r is 0 to 1
- P 2 is preferably 2 to 22.
- P 2 is preferably a linear alkyl group having 18 to 22 carbon atoms or a divalent organic group that is an organic group having 12 to 25 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton.
- Specific structures of side chains having a large tilting ability are shown in Tables 2-1 and 2-2.
- side chains have a high tilting ability and are preferable when used in the VA mode.
- diamines having side chains such as [1-15] and [1-31] are preferable because they have a high tilting ability and exhibit vertical alignment with a relatively small amount of side chains.
- the diamine having a side chain of 1-34] is preferable in terms of the printability of the liquid crystal aligning agent because it has a very high ability to develop tilt and can achieve vertical alignment with a very small amount of side chain.
- P 1 is preferably —NHCO—
- P 2 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 and p, q, r are appropriately combined.
- such a diamine has a benzene ring in the main chain, and a structure having -P 1- (Q 1 ) P- (Q 2 ) q- (Q 3 ) r -P 2 bonded to the benzene ring as a side chain.
- the position of each substituent on the benzene ring is not particularly limited, but the positional relationship between the two amino groups is preferably meta or para.
- Examples of the diamine having a side chain represented by the above formula (1) include the following [DA-1] to [DA-26].
- R 6 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkyl group.
- S 5 s may be the same or different from each other, and —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CH 2 —, —O—, —CO—, or —NH—, wherein R 6 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkyl group.
- S 6 represents —O—, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —COOCH 2 —, or —CH 2 OCO—
- R 7 is an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, a fluorine-containing alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkoxy group.
- S 7 represents —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —COOCH 2 —, —CH 2 OCO—, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 — or —CH 2 —, wherein R 8 is an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, a fluorine-containing alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkoxy group.
- S 8 represents —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —COOCH 2 —, —CH 2 OCO—, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 —, —O—, or —NH—, wherein R 9 is fluorine, cyano, trifluoromethane, nitro, azo, formyl, acetyl, acetoxy Group or hydroxyl group.
- R 10 is an alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and the cis-trans isomerism of 1,4-cyclohexylene is a trans isomer.
- the content of the diamine having a side chain represented by the above formula (1) is preferably 5 to 50 mol% with respect to the total amount of the diamine component, and 5 to 30 mol% from the viewpoint of pretilt uniformity and printability. Is particularly preferred.
- the diamine having a side chain represented by the formula (1) is a diamine represented by the above formula (3), that is, the main chain has a benzene ring, and is bonded to the benzene ring.
- a diamine having a structure having -P 1- (Q 1 ) p- (Q 2 ) q- (Q 3 ) r -P 2 as a side chain is preferable from the viewpoint of availability.
- the position of each substituent on the benzene ring is not particularly limited, but the positional relationship between the two amino groups is preferably meta or para.
- the tetracarboxylic acid component which is a raw material of the component may include other tetracarboxylic acid derivatives other than the above-mentioned TDA, TDA diester and TDA diester dichloride.
- examples of other tetracarboxylic acid derivatives in the component (A) include the following tetracarboxylic dianhydrides.
- Examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride having an alicyclic structure or an aliphatic structure include 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutane.
- Tetracarboxylic dianhydride 1,3-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetra Carboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofurantetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic Acid dianhydride, 3,4-dicarboxy-1-cyclohexylsuccinic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, bicyclo [3.3.0] octane-2,4 6,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-dicyclohexyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentylacetic acid dianhydr
- Aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides include pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2 ′, 3,3′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid Dianhydride, 2,3,3 ′, 4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,3 ′, 4′- Benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) ether dianhydride, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) sulfone dianhydride, 1,2,5,6-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid And dianhydrides and 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride.
- the above-mentioned tetracarboxylic dianhydrides can be used alone or in combination of two or more according to the properties of the liquid crystal alignment film to be formed, such as liquid crystal alignment properties, voltage holding properties, and accumulated charges.
- examples of other tetracarboxylic acid derivatives that may be contained in the tetracarboxylic acid component that is the raw material of the component (A) include tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl esters and tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl diester dichlorides.
- the tetracarboxylic acid component contains such a tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester or tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester dichloride, the polymer becomes a polyamic acid ester that is a polyimide precursor.
- the tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester that can be used is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include aliphatic tetracarboxylic acid diesters and aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl esters. Specific examples are given below.
- aliphatic tetracarboxylic acid diester examples include 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 1,2-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 1,3-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 1,2 , 3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofurantetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 3,4-dicarboxy- 1-cyclohexyl succinic acid dialkyl ester, 3,4-dicarboxy 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalene
- aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester examples include pyromellitic acid dialkyl ester, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 2,2 ′, 3,3′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 2,3,3 ′, 4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 2,3,3 ′, 4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester Bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) ether dialkyl ester, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) sulfone dialkyl ester, 1,2,5,6-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 2,3,6, Dialkyl 7-naphthalenetetracar
- examples of the tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl diester dichloride as other tetracarboxylic acid derivatives that may be contained in the tetracarboxylic acid component that is the raw material of the component (A) include the dichlorides of the above tetracarboxylic acid diesters.
- the content of the total amount of other tetracarboxylic acid derivatives other than TDA, TDA diester and TDA diester dichloride with respect to the total amount of the tetracarboxylic acid component is preferably 0 to 80 mol%, more preferably 0 to 40 mol. %.
- the diamine component that is a raw material of the component (A) may include other diamines other than the diamine having a side chain represented by the above formula (1).
- examples of such other diamines in the component (A) include the following alicyclic diamines, aromatic diamines, heterocyclic diamines, aliphatic diamines and urea bond-containing diamines.
- alicyclic diamines examples include 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, 1,3-diaminocyclohexane, 4,4′-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 4,4′-diamino-3,3′-dimethyldicyclohexylamine, isophorone diamine Etc.
- aromatic diamines examples include o-phenylene diamine, m-phenylene diamine, p-phenylene diamine, 2,4-diaminotoluene, 2,5-diaminotoluene, 3,5-diaminotoluene, 1,4-diamino- 2-methoxybenzene, 2,5-diamino-p-xylene, 1,3-diamino-4-chlorobenzene, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, 1,4-diamino-2,5-dichlorobenzene, 4,4 ′ -Diamino-1,2-diphenylethane, 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-dimethylbibenzyl, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diamino-3
- aromatic-aliphatic diamines examples include diamines represented by the following formula [DAM].
- Ar represents a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring
- R 1 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- aromatic-aliphatic diamine examples include 3-aminobenzylamine, 4-aminobenzylamine, 3-amino-N-methylbenzylamine, 4-amino-N-methylbenzylamine, 3-aminophenethylamine, 4 -Aminophenethylamine, 3-amino-N-methylphenethylamine, 4-amino-N-methylphenethylamine, 3- (3-aminopropyl) aniline, 4- (3-aminopropyl) aniline, 3- (3-methylaminopropyl) ) Aniline, 4- (3-methylaminopropyl) aniline, 3- (4-aminobutyl) aniline, 4- (4-aminobutyl) aniline, 3- (4-methylaminobutyl) aniline, 4- (4- Methylaminobutyl) aniline, 3- (5-aminopentyl) aniline, 4- (5-aminopen) L) aniline, 3- (5-methylaminopenty
- heterocyclic diamines examples include 2,6-diaminopyridine, 2,4-diaminopyridine, 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine, 2,7-diaminodibenzofuran, 3,6-diaminocarbazole 2,4-diamino-6-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2,5-bis (4-aminophenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole and the like.
- aliphatic diamines examples include 1,2-diaminoethane, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane, 1,5-diaminopentane, 1,6-diaminohexane, 1,7-diaminoheptane, 1,8-diaminooctane, 1,9-diaminononane, 1,10-diaminodecane, 1,3-diamino-2,2-dimethylpropane, 1,6-diamino-2,5-dimethylhexane, 1,7- Diamino-2,5-dimethylheptane, 1,7-diamino-4,4-dimethylheptane, 1,7-diamino-3-methylheptane, 1,9-diamino-5-methylnonane, 1,12-diaminododecane, Examples thereof include 1,18-diaminooc
- urea bond-containing diamines examples include N, N′-bis (4-aminophenethyl) urea.
- the diamine component in the component (A) may contain the following diamine.
- n is an integer of 1 to 5.
- examples of the diamine component in the component (A) include diaminosiloxanes represented by the following formula [DA-35].
- n is an integer of 1 to 10.
- diamine components in the component (A) can be used singly or in combination of two or more depending on the properties such as liquid crystal alignment properties, voltage holding properties, and accumulated charges when the liquid crystal alignment film is formed.
- the mixing ratio is not limited.
- the molecular weight of the polymer (polyimide precursor, polyimide) of the component (A) is determined by considering the strength of the obtained liquid crystal alignment film, the workability when forming the liquid crystal alignment film, and the uniformity of the liquid crystal alignment film.
- the weight average molecular weight measured by Gel Permeation Chromatography is preferably 5,000 to 1,000,000, and more preferably 10,000 to 150,000.
- the polymer of component (A) is preferably polyimide.
- the component (A) tends to be present on the surface of the liquid crystal alignment film (that is, on the side opposite to the substrate) when the liquid crystal alignment film is formed. This is because it is better to have many imide groups that do not cause a reversible reaction in order to contribute.
- the imidation ratio of this polyimide is preferably 60 to 90%.
- the component (B) contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is selected from a polyimide precursor obtained by polymerizing a tetracarboxylic acid component and a diamine component, and a polyimide obtained by imidizing this polyimide precursor. At least one polymer.
- the polyimide precursor include polyamic acid (also referred to as polyamic acid), polyamic acid ester, and the like.
- the tetracarboxylic acid component is 3,4-dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalene succinic dianhydride, 3,4-dicarboxy-1 , 2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalene succinic acid diester and 3,4-dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalene succinic acid diester dichloride. Therefore, as will be described in detail later, the polymer of component (B) is also a polymer having a tetravalent structure represented by the above formula (4) derived from TDA, TDA diester or TDA diester dichloride.
- the total content of TDA, TDA diester and TDA diester dichloride with respect to the total amount of the tetracarboxylic acid component is 20 to 100 mol%, preferably 40 to 100 mol%.
- the diamine component to be polymerized with the tetracarboxylic acid component is a —CR 21 2 — group in the main chain (wherein two R 21 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group). It consists only of a diamine having two R 21 together (which may form a cyclic structure) (hereinafter also referred to as “diamine having —CR 21 2 — group in the main chain”). As long as the diamine has a —CR 21 2 — group in the main chain, one type or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the polymer of component (B) is only a diamine having a —CR 21 2 — group in the main chain as the starting diamine component, and will be described in detail later. However, the polymer of component (B) is —CR in the main chain.
- the structure has 21 2- .
- the main chain of diamine is a structure that connects two amino groups of diamine. Examples of the organic group R 21 of the —CR 21 2 — group include an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and a fluorine atom. Further, two R 21 may be combined to form, for example, an alkylene group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms to form a cyclic structure.
- Examples of the diamine having a —CR 21 2 — group in the main chain include the following alicyclic diamines, aromatic diamines, aromatic-aliphatic diamines, aliphatic diamines, urea bond-containing diamines, and the like.
- alicyclic diamines examples include 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, 1,3-diaminocyclohexane, 4,4′-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 4,4′-diamino-3,3′-dimethyldicyclohexylamine, isophorone diamine Etc.
- aromatic diamines examples include 4,4'-diamino-1,2-diphenylethane, 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-dimethylbibenzyl, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3 ' -Diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethyldiphenylmethane, 2,2-bis [(4-aminophenoxy) methyl] propane, 2,2-bis [4 -(4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] hexafluoropropane, 2,2-bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane, 1,1-bis (4-aminophenyl) cyclohexane, ⁇ , ⁇ '-bis (4-aminophenyl) -1,4-diisopropylbenzene, 2,2-bis (3-a
- aromatic-aliphatic diamines examples include diamines represented by the following formula [DAM].
- Ar represents a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring
- R 1 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- aromatic-aliphatic diamine examples include 3-aminobenzylamine, 4-aminobenzylamine, 3-amino-N-methylbenzylamine, 4-amino-N-methylbenzylamine, 3-aminophenethylamine, 4 -Aminophenethylamine, 3-amino-N-methylphenethylamine, 4-amino-N-methylphenethylamine, 3- (3-aminopropyl) aniline, 4- (3-aminopropyl) aniline, 3- (3-methylaminopropyl) ) Aniline, 4- (3-methylaminopropyl) aniline, 3- (4-aminobutyl) aniline, 4- (4-aminobutyl) aniline, 3- (4-methylaminobutyl) aniline, 4- (4- Methylaminobutyl) aniline, 3- (5-aminopentyl) aniline, 4- (5-aminopen) L) aniline, 3- (5-methylaminopenty
- aliphatic diamines examples include 1,2-diaminoethane, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane, 1,5-diaminopentane, 1,6-diaminohexane, 1,7-diaminoheptane, 1,8-diaminooctane, 1,9-diaminononane, 1,10-diaminodecane, 1,3-diamino-2,2-dimethylpropane, 1,6-diamino-2,5-dimethylhexane, 1,7- Diamino-2,5-dimethylheptane, 1,7-diamino-4,4-dimethylheptane, 1,7-diamino-3-methylheptane, 1,9-diamino-5-methylnonane, 1,12-diaminododecane, Examples thereof include 1,18-diaminooc
- urea bond-containing diamines examples include N, N′-bis (4-aminophenethyl) urea.
- a diamine represented by the above formula (2) is preferable from the viewpoint of availability.
- examples of such a diamine include diamines exemplified as aromatic diamines in the description of the component (B).
- TDA etc. a liquid crystal alignment film having a very high resistance can be obtained by including a polyimide precursor or polyimide in the liquid crystal aligning agent together with the component (A).
- This liquid crystal alignment film having a very high resistance is less likely to cause a current to flow when a voltage is applied than a liquid crystal alignment agent having a low resistance. It is presumed that a liquid crystal alignment film having a very small value was obtained. Note that since the accumulated charge itself is very small, it takes a long time for the accumulated charge to escape, and there is no conventional problem that an afterimage or display burn-in occurs.
- the tetracarboxylic acid component which is a raw material of the component (B) may contain other tetracarboxylic acid derivatives other than the TDA, TDA diester and TDA diester dichloride.
- Such other tetracarboxylic acid derivatives in the component (B) include other tetracarboxylic acid derivatives in the component (A).
- the content of the total amount of other tetracarboxylic acid derivatives other than TDA, TDA diester and TDA diester dichloride with respect to the total amount of the tetracarboxylic acid component is preferably 0 to 80 mol%, more preferably 0 to 60 mol. %.
- the tetracarboxylic acid component in the component (B) may be the same as or different from the tetracarboxylic acid component in the component (A).
- the molecular weight of the polymer (polyimide precursor, polyimide) of the component (A) is determined by considering the strength of the obtained liquid crystal alignment film, the workability when forming the liquid crystal alignment film, and the uniformity of the liquid crystal alignment film.
- the weight average molecular weight measured by Gel Permeation Chromatography is preferably 5,000 to 1,000,000, and more preferably 10,000 to 150,000.
- the polymer of component (B) is preferably a polyimide precursor. This is because the component (B) tends to exist on the side of the substrate on which the liquid crystal aligning agent is applied (that is, the side opposite to the surface of the liquid crystal alignment film) when the liquid crystal alignment film is formed. This is because having a large number of polar groups provides good adhesion to the substrate and excellent printability.
- the ratio of the component (A) and the component (B) contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention is a polymer obtained by making the tetracarboxylic-acid component containing TDA etc. react with the diamine component containing the diamine which has a side chain represented by the said Formula (1).
- the display screen can be suitably used for mobile phones and tablet terminals.
- Such an effect of the present invention is a specific polymer obtained by reacting a tetracarboxylic acid component containing TDA or the like and a diamine component containing a diamine having a side chain represented by the above formula (1) (
- a specific component (B) which is a polymer obtained by reacting the component A) with a tetracarboxylic acid component containing TDA or the like and a diamine component consisting only of a diamine having a —CR 21 2 — group in the main chain.
- the RDC when a polymer that does not use TDA or the like as a raw material is used, the RDC is large, that is, the charge accumulation is large, and the rubbing resistance is not good, and the effect of the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention cannot be exhibited.
- the component (B) when a polymer not using TDA or the like is used, RDC is large. Even when TDA or the like is used as a raw material, if a diamine having no —CR 21 2 — in the main chain is used as the diamine component of the raw material, the RDC is large.
- a well-known synthesis method can be used.
- the tetracarboxylic acid component and the diamine component are reacted in an organic solvent.
- the reaction between the tetracarboxylic acid component and the diamine component is advantageous in that it proceeds relatively easily in an organic solvent and no by-products are generated.
- the organic solvent used for the reaction between the tetracarboxylic acid component and the diamine component is not particularly limited as long as the generated polyamic acid dissolves. Specific examples are given below.
- the solution in which the diamine component is dispersed or dissolved in the organic solvent is stirred, and the tetracarboxylic acid component is dispersed or dissolved in the organic solvent as it is.
- a method of adding a diamine component to a solution in which a tetracarboxylic acid component is dispersed or dissolved in an organic solvent a method of alternately adding a tetracarboxylic acid component and a diamine component, and the like. Any method may be used.
- tetracarboxylic acid component or diamine component when they are composed of a plurality of types of compounds, they may be reacted in a premixed state, may be individually reacted sequentially, or may be mixed with individually reacted low molecular weight substances. It is good also as a high molecular weight body by making it react.
- the polymerization temperature at that time can be selected from -20 ° C. to 150 ° C., but is preferably in the range of ⁇ 5 ° C. to 100 ° C.
- the reaction can be carried out at any concentration, but if the concentration is too low, it is difficult to obtain a high molecular weight polymer, and if the concentration is too high, the viscosity of the reaction solution becomes too high and uniform stirring is difficult. Therefore, the total concentration of the tetracarboxylic acid component and the diamine component in the reaction solution is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass.
- the initial stage of the reaction is carried out at a high concentration, and then an organic solvent can be added.
- the ratio of the total number of moles of the tetracarboxylic acid component to the total number of moles of the diamine component is preferably 0.8 to 1.2. Similar to the normal polycondensation reaction, the closer the molar ratio is to 1.0, the higher the molecular weight of the polyamic acid produced.
- Polyimide can be obtained by dehydrating and ring-closing the polyimide precursor such as the polyamic acid or polyamic acid ester.
- the dehydration cyclization rate (imidation rate) of the amic acid group is not necessarily 100%, and can be arbitrarily adjusted in the range of 0% to 100% depending on the application and purpose.
- Examples of the method for imidizing the polyimide precursor include thermal imidization in which a solution of polyamic acid or polyamic acid ester is heated as it is, and catalyst imidization in which a catalyst is added to a solution of polyamic acid or polyamic acid ester.
- the temperature is 100 ° C. to 400 ° C., preferably 120 ° C. to 250 ° C., and is performed while removing water generated by the imidation reaction from the system Is preferred.
- a basic catalyst and an acid anhydride are added to a solution of polyamic acid or polyamic acid ester and stirred at ⁇ 20 to 250 ° C., preferably 0 to 180 ° C. Can be performed.
- the amount of the basic catalyst is 0.5 to 30 mol times, preferably 2 to 20 mol times of the amic acid group, and the amount of the acid anhydride is 1 to 50 mol times, preferably 3 to 30 mol of the amido acid group. Is double.
- the basic catalyst include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, trioctylamine and the like.
- pyridine is preferable because it has an appropriate basicity for proceeding with the reaction.
- the acid anhydride include acetic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, and the like.
- use of acetic anhydride is preferable because purification after completion of the reaction is facilitated.
- the imidization rate by catalytic imidation can be controlled by adjusting the amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, and reaction time.
- a tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride obtained by reacting the tetracarboxylic acid diester with a halogenating agent such as thionyl chloride, sulfuryl chloride, oxalyl chloride, phosphorus oxychloride and the like and And a method of reacting a tetracarboxylic acid diester and a diamine component in the presence of a suitable condensing agent and a base.
- a suitable condensing agent and a base can also be obtained by polymerizing a polyamic acid in advance and esterifying the carboxylic acid in the amic acid using a polymer reaction.
- tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride and diamine in the presence of a base and an organic solvent at ⁇ 20 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably 0 ° C. to 50 ° C., for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 4 hours. It can be synthesized by reacting.
- pyridine triethylamine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine can be used, but pyridine is preferable because the reaction proceeds gently.
- the addition amount of the base is preferably 2 to 4 times the molar amount of the tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride from the viewpoint of easy removal and high molecular weight.
- the reaction proceeds efficiently by adding Lewis acid as an additive.
- Lewis acid lithium halides such as lithium chloride and lithium bromide are preferable.
- the amount of Lewis acid added is preferably 0.1 to 1.0 times the molar amount of the tetracarboxylic acid diester.
- the solvent used in the above reaction can be the solvent used when polymerizing the polyamic acid shown above, but N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and ⁇ -butyrolactone are preferred from the solubility of the monomer and polymer. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the concentration at the time of synthesis is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 20% by mass from the viewpoint that polymer precipitation is unlikely to occur and a high molecular weight product is easily obtained.
- the solvent used for the synthesis of the polyamic acid ester is preferably dehydrated as much as possible, and it is preferable to prevent mixing of outside air in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the reaction solution is poured into a poor solvent. It can be precipitated.
- the poor solvent used for precipitation include methanol, acetone, hexane, butyl cellosolve, heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethanol, toluene, benzene, and water.
- the polymer precipitated in a poor solvent and collected by filtration can be dried at normal temperature or under reduced pressure at room temperature or by heating.
- the polymer collected by precipitation is redissolved in an organic solvent and reprecipitation and collection is repeated 2 to 10 times, impurities in the polymer can be reduced.
- the poor solvent at this time include alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons and the like, and it is preferable to use three or more kinds of poor solvents selected from these because purification efficiency is further improved.
- the polyimide precursor obtained by polymerizing such a tetracarboxylic acid component and a diamine component is, for example, a polymer having a repeating unit represented by the following formula [a].
- a polyimide obtained by dehydrating and ring-closing a polyimide precursor having such a repeating unit is polyimide.
- R 11 is a tetravalent organic group derived from a raw material tetracarboxylic acid component (eg, the following formula (c)), and R 12 is a raw material diamine component (eg, the following formula (b )) Is a divalent organic group
- a 11 and A 12 are a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which may be the same or different, and j is a positive integer Is shown.
- each of R 11 and R 12 may be one type and a polymer having the same repeating unit, or R 11 and R 12 may be a plurality of types and a polymer having a repeating unit having a different structure. But you can.
- R 11 is a group derived from a tetracarboxylic acid component as a raw material
- the polyimide precursor of the component (A) and the component (B) is represented by R 11 in the above formula (4).
- R 12 is a group derived from a diamine component as a raw material
- the polyimide precursor of the component (A) is R 12 is -P 1- (Q 1 ) p- (Q 2 ) q- (Q 3 ) having a side chain represented by r -P 2
- (B) a polyimide precursor component R 12 is -CR 21 2 in the main chain - having.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains an organic solvent in addition to the components (A) and (B) described above. And the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention is a form of the solution which said (A) component and (B) component melt
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may be produced as long as it has the form of a solution in which the component (A) and the component (B) are dissolved in an organic solvent.
- a method of mixing the powder of the component (A) and the component (B) and dissolving in an organic solvent a method of mixing the powder of the component (A) and the solution of the component (B), and a solution of the component (A) ( There are a method of mixing the powder of component B) and a method of mixing the solution of component (A) and the solution of component (B).
- the solution of the component (A) or the solution of the component (B) may be the reaction solution obtained when the component (A) or the component (B) is synthesized in an organic solvent,
- the reaction solution may be diluted with an appropriate solvent.
- (A) component and (B) component are obtained as a powder, this may be dissolved in an organic solvent to form a solution.
- the organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the component (A) and the component (B) are uniformly dissolved.
- Specific examples thereof include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-diethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methylcaprolactam, Examples include 2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1,3-dimethyl-imidazolidinone, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide and the like.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains, in addition to the above, other polymers other than the component (A) and the component (B) as the polymer component as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. May be.
- other polymers include polyamic acid, polyamic acid ester, polyimide, and polyamide that do not use any of TDA, TDA diester, and TDA diester dichloride as raw materials.
- the content (concentration) of the polymer component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can be appropriately changed depending on the thickness of the liquid crystal alignment film (polyimide film) to be formed.
- the content of the polymer component with respect to the organic solvent is preferably 0.5% by mass or more, and preferably 15% by mass or less, more preferably from the viewpoint of storage stability of the solution. 1 to 10% by mass.
- a concentrated solution of the polymer component may be prepared in advance and diluted when the liquid crystal aligning agent is prepared from the concentrated solution.
- the concentration of the concentrated solution of the polymer component is preferably 10 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 10 to 15% by mass.
- the polymer component powder may be heated when the solution is prepared by dissolving the powder in an organic solvent.
- the heating temperature is preferably 20 ° C to 150 ° C, particularly preferably 20 ° C to 80 ° C.
- content of polymers other than (A) component and (B) component in a polymer component is 0. It is 5% by mass to 15% by mass, preferably 1% by mass to 10% by mass.
- liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may contain components other than the polymer component. Examples thereof include solvents and compounds that improve the film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness when a liquid crystal aligning agent is applied, and compounds that improve the adhesion between the liquid crystal aligning film and the substrate.
- solvents that improve film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness include the following.
- These poor solvents may be used alone or in combination.
- the above solvent it is preferably 5 to 80% by mass, more preferably 20 to 60% by mass, based on the total amount of the solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- Examples of compounds that improve film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness include fluorine-based surfactants, silicone-based surfactants, and nonionic surfactants.
- F-top EF301, EF303, EF352 manufactured by Tochem Products
- MegaFuck F171, F173, R-30 manufactured by Dainippon Ink
- Florard FC430, FC431 manufactured by Sumitomo 3M
- Asahi Guard AG710 Surflon S-382, SC101, SC102, SC103, SC104, SC105, SC106 (manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.).
- the use ratio of these surfactants is preferably 0.01 to 2 parts by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- Specific examples of the compound that improves the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate include the following functional silane-containing compounds and epoxy group-containing compounds.
- the following phenoplast type additives may be introduced into the liquid crystal aligning agent for the purpose of further preventing deterioration of electrical characteristics due to the backlight.
- Specific phenoplast additives are shown below, but are not limited to this structure.
- the amount used is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the amount is preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass. If the amount used is less than 0.1 parts by mass, the effect of improving the adhesion cannot be expected, and if it exceeds 30 parts by mass, the liquid crystal orientation may be deteriorated.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has a dielectric or conductive material for the purpose of changing the electrical properties such as the dielectric constant and conductivity of the liquid crystal aligning film, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- a crosslinkable compound for the purpose of increasing the hardness and density of the liquid crystal alignment film may be added.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can be used as a liquid crystal alignment film after being applied and baked on a substrate and then subjected to alignment treatment by rubbing treatment, light irradiation or the like, or without alignment treatment in vertical alignment applications.
- the substrate to be used is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, and a glass substrate or a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate or a polycarbonate substrate can be used.
- a substrate on which an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) electrode or the like for driving a liquid crystal is formed from the viewpoint of simplifying the process.
- an opaque material such as a silicon wafer can be used as long as the substrate is only on one side, and in this case, a material that reflects light such as aluminum can be used.
- the method for applying the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited, but industrially, methods such as screen printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, and inkjet are generally used. Other coating methods include dip, roll coater, slit coater, spinner and the like, and these may be used depending on the purpose. In this invention, it is estimated that it is isolate
- the baking after applying the liquid crystal aligning agent on the substrate can be carried out by heating means such as a hot plate at 50 to 300 ° C., preferably 80 to 250 ° C., and the solvent can be evaporated to form a coating film. If the thickness of the coating film formed after baking is too thick, it is disadvantageous in terms of power consumption of the liquid crystal display element, and if it is too thin, the reliability of the liquid crystal display element may be lowered. The thickness is preferably 10 to 100 nm.
- the fired coating film is treated by rubbing or irradiation with polarized ultraviolet rays.
- the liquid crystal alignment film thus obtained is presumed to be separated into two layers, a layer derived from the component (A) and a layer derived from the component (B).
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is a liquid crystal display element obtained by obtaining a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film from the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention by the method described above, and then producing a liquid crystal cell by a known method.
- the two substrates disposed so as to face each other, the liquid crystal layer provided between the substrates, and the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention provided between the substrate and the liquid crystal layer.
- a liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal cell having a liquid crystal alignment film.
- a liquid crystal display device of the present invention a twisted nematic (TN) method, a vertical alignment (VA) method, a horizontal alignment (IPS) method, an OCB alignment (OCB: There are various types such as Optically (Compensated Bend).
- a pair of substrates on which a liquid crystal alignment film is formed are prepared, spacers are scattered on the liquid crystal alignment film of one substrate, and the liquid crystal alignment film surface is on the inside
- Examples include a method of bonding substrates and injecting liquid crystal under reduced pressure, or a method of sealing by bonding a substrate after dropping the liquid crystal on the liquid crystal alignment film surface on which spacers are dispersed.
- the thickness of the spacer at this time is preferably 1 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 to 10 ⁇ m.
- liquid crystal examples include a positive liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy and a negative liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy.
- a positive liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy examples include MLC-2003, MLC-6608, MLC-6609 manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc. Etc. can be used.
- the liquid crystal display device manufactured using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has a high voltage holding ratio while maintaining the rubbing resistance, which has been a conventionally required characteristic, and is modern. As the strict requirements are satisfied, the charge accumulation becomes very small, and it can be suitably used for, for example, a mobile phone or a tablet terminal.
- DBA 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid
- p-PDA p-phenylenediamine
- DDM 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane
- BAPU 1,3-bis (4-aminophenethyl) urea
- APC16 1,3-diamino-4- Hexadecyloxybenzene
- APC18 1,3-diamino-4-octadecyloxybenzene
- DADPA 4,4′-diaminodiphenylamine
- DA-5MG 1,5-bis (4-aminophenoxy) pentane
- LS-2450 3-aminopropyldiethoxymethylsilane
- LS-3150 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane
- TM-BIP 2,2′-bis [4-hydroxy-3,5-bis (hydroxymethyl) phenyl] propane LS-2450 and LS-3150 are trade names of Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
- GPC device manufactured by Shodex (GPC-101) Column: manufactured by Shodex (series of KD803 and KD805) Column temperature: 50 ° C Eluent: N, N-dimethylformamide (as additives, lithium bromide-hydrate (LiBr ⁇ H 2 O) 30 mmol / L, phosphoric acid / anhydrous crystals (o-phosphoric acid) 30 mmol / L, tetrahydrofuran) (THF) is 10 mL / L) Flow rate: 1.0 mL / standard sample for preparing a calibration curve: TSK standard polyethylene oxide (weight average molecular weight (Mw) of about 900,000, 150,000, 100,000, 30000) manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, and polyethylene glycol (peak top molecular weight manufactured by Polymer Laboratories) (Mp) about 12000, 4000, 1000). In order to avoid the overlapping of peaks, the measurement was performed separately on two samples: a sample in which 4 types of
- the imidation ratio of polyimide was measured as follows. 20 mg of polyimide powder was put into an NMR sample tube, and 0.53 mL of deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d6, 0.05% TMS mixed product) was added and completely dissolved. This solution was measured for proton NMR at 500 MHz with an NMR measuring instrument (JNM-ECA500) manufactured by JEOL Datum. The imidation rate is determined based on protons derived from structures that do not change before and after imidation as reference protons, and the peak integrated value of these protons and proton peaks derived from NH groups of polyamic acid appearing in the vicinity of 9.5 to 10.0 ppm.
- Imidization rate (%) (1 ⁇ ⁇ x / y) ⁇ 100
- x is the proton peak integrated value derived from the NH group of the polyamic acid
- y is the peak integrated value of the reference proton
- ⁇ is one NH group proton of the polyamic acid in the case of the polyamic acid (imidation rate is 0%).
- a liquid crystal aligning agent was spin-coated on a glass substrate with a transparent electrode, dried on a hot plate at a temperature of 80 ° C. for 60 seconds, and then fired in a nitrogen atmosphere using a 220 ° C. IR (infrared) oven for 20 minutes.
- a coating film having a thickness of 100 nm was formed.
- This coating surface was rubbed with a cotton cloth (YA-25C, manufactured by Yoshikawa) using a rubbing machine with a roll diameter of 120 mm under the conditions of a roll rotation speed of 1000 rpm, a roll traveling speed of 50 mm / sec, and an indentation amount of 0.4 mm, and liquid crystal alignment A substrate with a film was obtained.
- VHR voltage holding ratio
- Each composition [AL-1] to [AL-10] was filtered through a 0.2 ⁇ m filter, and then applied by spin coating on a glass substrate with an ITO transparent electrode, and placed on a hot plate at 80 ° C. for 1 minute. After drying, baking was performed at 220 ° C. for 20 minutes to form a film having a thickness of 220 nm.
- Aluminum is deposited on the surface of the coating film by a vacuum deposition method through a mask at a vacuum degree of 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa and a deposition rate of 1 nm / s to form a 1.0 mm ⁇ upper electrode and measure volume resistivity.
- a sample was prepared.
- a voltage of 10 V is applied between the ITO electrode and the aluminum electrode of this sample, the current value 180 seconds after the voltage application is measured, and the volume resistivity is calculated from this value and the measured values of the electrode area and film thickness. did.
- the resistance value was measured under the condition that an LED backlight was installed under the sample substrate.
- the apparatus used for the measurement was a 6517A ELECTROMETER manufactured by KEITHLEY, and measurement was performed in a nitrogen atmosphere using a shield box SM-1 with a positioner manufactured by MEASURE Jig. The results are shown in Table 4.
- the RDC was estimated by comparing with a calibration curve prepared in advance. This RDC estimation method is called a flicker reference method. Moreover, when RDC is small, it can be said that charge accumulation is small. The results are shown in Table 3. ⁇ : Less than 0.05 ⁇ : 0.05 or more and less than 0.08 ⁇ : 0.08 or more and less than 0.20 ⁇ : 0.20 or more
- the resulting polyamic acid [PAA-3] had a number average molecular weight of 11,000 and a weight average molecular weight of 41,000.
- the polymer was slowly poured into 580 g of methanol to precipitate the polymer, stirred for 30 minutes, and then the solid was collected by filtration. The obtained solid was sufficiently washed with methanol and then vacuum-dried at 100 ° C. to obtain a polyimide powder.
- the imidation ratio of the obtained polyimide [SPI-2] was 82%.
- Synthesis Example 12 Preparation of polyimide [SPI-3: TDA (100) / p-PDA (90) APC16 (10)]
- a solution of polyamic acid [PAA-7] obtained in Synthesis Example 11 was added to a 100 ml Erlenmeyer flask equipped with a stirrer. 20.00 g, NMP 30.67 g, acetic anhydride 7.18 g, and pyridine 3.33 g were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then stirred at 40 ° C. for 3 hours for reaction.
- the polymer was slowly poured into 214 g of methanol to precipitate a polymer, stirred for 30 minutes, and then a solid was collected by filtration. The obtained solid was sufficiently washed with methanol and then vacuum dried at 100 ° C. to obtain a polyimide powder.
- the imidation ratio of the obtained polyimide [SPI-3] was 88%.
- the polymer was slowly poured into 250 g of methanol to precipitate a polymer, stirred for 30 minutes, and then a solid was collected by filtration. The obtained solid was sufficiently washed with methanol and then vacuum dried at 100 ° C. to obtain a polyimide powder.
- the imidation ratio of the obtained polyimide [SPI-4] was 88%.
- GBL 97.2 g, BCS 48.6 g, and LS-3150 0.15 g were added to the obtained 15% by mass polyamic acid [PAA-9] solution, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours.
- a composition [AL-7] containing 0% by mass, 59% by mass of GBL, 20% by mass of NMP and 15% by mass of BCS was obtained.
- GBL 97.2 g, BCS 48.6 g, and LS-3150 0.15 g were added to the resulting polyamic acid [PAA-10] solution, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours.
- the solid content concentration was 6.0% by mass
- a composition [AL-8] having 59% by mass of GBL, 20% by mass of NMP and 15% by mass of BCS was obtained.
- Comparative Example 2 using a polymer not using TDA as a raw material Comparative Examples 1 and 3 using a polymer in which the diamine component of the raw material also contains a diamine having no —CR 21 2 — in the main chain as component (B) 4 and 4 and Comparative Example 5 in which the diamine having the side chain represented by the formula (1) was not used as the component (A), the RDC was remarkably larger than those in Examples 1 to 8.
- compositions [AL-7] to [AL-10] using a polymer including a diamine having no —CR 21 2 — in the main chain have a low volume resistivity.
- Comparative Examples 1 and 3 to 5 using [AL-7] to [AL-10] as the component (B) it is presumed that RDC was large.
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Abstract
Description
1. 下記(A)成分と下記(B)成分とを含有することを特徴とする液晶配向剤。
(B)成分:テトラカルボン酸成分とジアミン成分とを重合反応させることにより得られるポリイミド前駆体及びこのポリイミド前駆体をイミド化して得られるポリイミドから選択される少なくとも一種の重合体であって、前記テトラカルボン酸成分が3,4-ジカルボキシ-1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロ-1-ナフタレンコハク酸二無水物、3,4-ジカルボキシ-1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロ-1-ナフタレンコハク酸ジエステル及び3,4-ジカルボキシ-1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロ-1-ナフタレンコハク酸ジエステルジクロリドから選択される少なくとも一種を含み、なおかつ、前記ジアミン成分が主鎖に-CR21 2-基(ここで、2つのR21は、それぞれ独立に水素原子または有機基を表し、2つのR21が一緒になることで環状構造を形成してもよい。)を有するジアミンのみからなる重合体
本発明の液晶配向剤は、上記(A)成分と上記(B)成分とを含有するものである。なお、液晶配向剤とは液晶配向膜を作製するための溶液であり、液晶配向膜とは液晶を所定の方向に配向させるための膜である。本発明の液晶配向剤に含有される各成分について、以下に詳述する。
本発明の液晶配向剤が含有する(A)成分は、テトラカルボン酸成分とジアミン成分とを重合反応させることにより得られるポリイミド前駆体、及び、このポリイミド前駆体をイミド化して得られるポリイミドから選択される少なくとも一種の重合体である。ポリイミド前躯体としては、ポリアミック酸(ポリアミド酸ともいわれる。)や、ポリアミック酸エステル等が挙げられる。
本発明の液晶配向剤が含有する(B)成分は、テトラカルボン酸成分とジアミン成分とを重合反応させることにより得られるポリイミド前駆体、及び、このポリイミド前駆体をイミド化して得られるポリイミドから選択される少なくとも一種の重合体である。ポリイミド前躯体としては、ポリアミック酸(ポリアミド酸ともいわれる。)や、ポリアミック酸エステル等が挙げられる。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、基板上に塗布、焼成した後、ラビング処理や光照射などで配向処理をして、又は垂直配向用途などでは配向処理無しで液晶配向膜として用いることができる。この際、用いる基板としては透明性の高い基板であれば特に限定されず、ガラス基板、若しくはアクリル基板やポリカーボネート基板などのプラスチック基板などを用いることができる。また、液晶駆動のためのITO(Indium Tin Oxide)電極などが形成された基板を用いることがプロセスの簡素化の観点から好ましい。また、反射型の液晶表示素子では片側の基板のみにならばシリコンウエハー等の不透明な物でも使用でき、この場合の電極はアルミ等の光を反射する材料も使用できる。
CBDA:1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物
TDA:3,4-ジカルボキシ-1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロ-1-ナフタレンコハク酸二無水物
PPHT:N,N’-ビス(1,2-シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸無水物-4-イルカルボニル)-1,4-フェニレンジアミン
DBA:3,5-ジアミノ安息香酸
p-PDA:p-フェニレンジアミン
DDM:4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン
BAPU:1,3-ビス(4-アミノフェネチル)ウレア
APC16:1,3-ジアミノ-4-ヘキサデシルオキシベンゼン
APC18:1,3-ジアミノ-4-オクタデシルオキシベンゼン
DADPA:4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルアミン
DA-5MG:1,5-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ペンタン
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
BCS:ブチルセロソルブ
GBL:γ-ブチロラクトン
LS-2450:3-アミノプロピルジエトキシメチルシラン
LS-3150:3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン
TM-BIP:2,2’-ビス[4-ヒドロキシ-3,5-ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)フェニル]プロパン
なお、LS-2450、LS-3150は、それぞれ信越化学工業株式会社の商品名である。
合成例におけるポリイミド及びポリアミック酸の分子量は、GPC(常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー)装置によって測定し、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレンオキシド換算値として数平均分子量(以下、Mnとも言う。)と重量平均分子量(以下、Mwとも言う。)を算出した。
GPC装置:(株)Shodex社製(GPC-101)
カラム:Shodex社製(KD803、KD805の直列)
カラム温度:50℃
溶離液:N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム-水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10mL/L)
流速:1.0mL/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:東ソー社製 TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(重量平均分子量(Mw) 約900000、150000、100000、30000)、及び、ポリマーラボラトリー社製 ポリエチレングリコール(ピークトップ分子量(Mp)約12000、4000、1000)。測定は、ピークが重なるのを避けるため、900000、100000、12000、1000の4種類を混合したサンプル、及び150000、30000、4000の3種類を混合したサンプルの2サンプルを別々に測定した。
ポリイミドのイミド化率は次のようにして測定した。ポリイミド粉末20mgをNMRサンプル管に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6、0.05%TMS混合品)0.53mLを添加し、完全に溶解させた。この溶液を日本電子データム社製NMR測定器(JNM-ECA500)にて500MHzのプロトンNMRを測定した。イミド化率は、イミド化前後で変化しない構造に由来するプロトンを基準プロトンとして決め、このプロトンのピーク積算値と、9.5~10.0ppm付近に現れるポリアミック酸のNH基に由来するプロトンピーク積算値とを用い次式によって求めた。
イミド化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
上記式において、xはポリアミック酸のNH基由来のプロトンピーク積算値、yは基準プロトンのピーク積算値、αはポリアミック酸(イミド化率が0%)の場合におけるポリアミック酸のNH基プロトン一個に対する基準プロトンの個数割合である。
液晶配向剤を透明電極付きガラス基板にスピンコートし、温度80℃のホットプレート上で60秒乾燥させた後、220℃のIR(赤外線)オーブンを用いて窒素雰囲気下で20分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの塗膜を形成させた。この塗膜面をロール径120mmのラビング装置でコットン布(吉川製YA-25C)を用いて、ロール回転数1000rpm、ロール進行速度50mm/sec、押し込み量0.4mmの条件でラビングし、液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。
[液晶セルの作製]で液晶配向膜付き基板を得た段階で、液晶配向膜の表面を、共焦点レーザー顕微鏡及び目視にて観察し、下記の基準で評価を行った。結果を表3に示す。
○:目視でもレーザー顕微鏡でも削れカスやラビング傷が観察されない。
△:目視では削れカスやラビング傷が観察されないが、レーザー顕微鏡で削れカスやラビング傷が観察される。
×:膜が剥離する又はレーザー顕微鏡でも目視でもラビング傷が観察される。
上記の[液晶セルの作製]に記載の方法で作製したツイストネマティック液晶セルに、60℃の温度下で4Vの電圧を60μs間印加し、166.7ms後の電圧を測定し、電圧がどのくらい保持できているかを電圧保持率として計算し、下記の基準で評価を行った。なお、電圧保持率の測定には東陽テクニカ社製のVHR-1電圧保持率測定装置を使用した。結果を表3に示す。
◎:85%超
○:80%~85%
△:80%未満
各組成物[AL-1]~[AL-10]を、0.2μmのフィルターで濾過した後、ITO透明電極付きガラス基板上にスピンコートにて塗布し、80℃のホットプレート上で1分間乾燥後、220℃で20分焼成し、膜厚220nmの膜を形成させた。この塗膜表面にマスクを介して真空蒸着法にてアルミニウムを1.0×10-3Paの真空度、蒸着レート1nm/sで蒸着させ、1.0mmφの上部電極を形成し体積抵抗率測定用の試料とした。
この試料のITO電極とアルミニウム電極との間に10Vの電圧を印加し、電圧印加から180秒後の電流値を測定し、この値と電極面積、膜厚の測定値とから体積抵抗率を算出した。
尚、抵抗値測定は、試料基板の下にLEDのバックライトを設置しておき、点灯下で測定を行った。測定に用いた装置はKEITHLEY製 6517A ELECTROMETERにて、MEASURE Jig社製 ポジショナー付きシールドボックスSM-1を用いて窒素雰囲気下で測定を行った。結果を表4に示す。
上記の[液晶セルの作製]に記載の方法で作製したツイストネマティック液晶セルに、23℃の温度下で直流電圧を0Vから0.1V間隔で1.0Vまで印加し、各電圧でのフリッカー振幅レベル光電変換装置を用いて測定し、フリッカー振幅レベルと印加電圧における検量線を作成した。液晶セルを5分間アースし、放置後、交流電圧をV50(輝度が半分になる電圧)、直流電圧5.0Vを1時間印加した後、直流電圧のみ0Vにした直後のフリッカー振幅レベルを測定し、予め作成した検量線と照らし合わせる事によりRDCを見積もった。なお、このRDCの見積もり方法は、フリッカー参照法という。また、RDCが小さいと、電荷蓄積が小さいといえる。結果を表3に示す。
◎:0.05未満
○:0.05以上0.08未満
△:0.08以上0.20未満
×:0.20以上
テトラカルボン酸成分や、ジアミン成分等の後ろに記載されているカッコ内の数値は、重合体合成時における原料モノマーのモル分率を表す。
ポリアミック酸[PAA-1:TDA(50)CBDA(50)/DDM(100)]の重合と組成物[AL-1:TDA(50)CBDA(50)/DDM(100)]の調製
窒素導入管とメカニカルスターラーを備えた50ml四口フラスコに、DDMを2.78g(14.01mmol)測り取り、GBLを17.40g加え溶解させ、窒素雰囲気下で約10℃に冷却し、TDAを2.10g(6.99mmol)を少しずつ加え、室温に戻し2時間反応させた。その後、CBDAを1.26g(6.42mmol)とNMPを17.40g加え、室温に戻し4時間反応させ、15質量%のポリアミック酸[PAA-1]の溶液を得た。得られたポリアミック酸[PAA-1]の数平均分子量は15,200、重量平均分子量は47,500であった。
組成物[AL-2:TDA(50)CBDA(50)/DDM(100)+LS-3150(1)]の調製
攪拌子を備えた50mlの三角フラスコに合成例1で得られた15質量%のポリアミック酸[PAA-1]の溶液を14.12g測り取り、GBL 15.56g、BCS 5.56g、LS-3150をNMPで2質量%に希釈した溶液0.42gを加え、室温で2時間攪拌し、固形分濃度が6.0質量%、GBLが59質量%、NMPが20質量%、BCSが15質量%の組成物[AL-2]を得た。
組成物[AL-3:TDA(50)CBDA(50)/DDM(100)+LS-3150(1)+TM-BIP(1)]の調製
攪拌子を備えた50mlの三角フラスコに合成例1で得られた15質量%のポリアミック酸[PAA-1]の溶液を14.12g測り取り、GBL 15.35g、BCS 5.35g、LS-3150をNMPで5質量%に希釈した溶液0.42g、TM-BIPをNMPで5質量%に希釈した溶液0.42gを加え、室温で2時間攪拌し、固形分濃度が6.0質量%、GBLが59質量%、NMPが20質量%、BCSが15質量%の組成物[AL-3]を得た。
ポリアミック酸[PAA-2:TDA(50)CBDA(50)/BAPU(20)DDM(80)]の重合と組成物[AL-4:TDA(50)CBDA(50)/BAPU(20)DDM(80)+LS-3150(1)+TM-BIP(1)]の調製
窒素導入管とメカニカルスターラーを備えた50ml四口フラスコに、BAPUを0.71g(2.38mmol)、DDMを1.90g(9.58mmol)測り取り、GBLを20.18g加え溶解させ、窒素雰囲気下で約10℃に冷却し、TDAを1.80g(6.30mmol)を少しずつ加え、室温に戻し2時間反応させた。その後、CBDAを1.08g(5.44mmol)とNMPを20.18g加え、室温に戻し4時間反応させ、12質量%のポリアミック酸[PAA-2]の溶液を得た。得られたポリアミック酸[PAA-2]の数平均分子量は12,700、重量平均分子量は38,200であった。
ポリアミック酸[PAA-3:TDA(30)CBDA(70)/DDM(100)]の重合と組成物[AL-5:TDA(30)CBDA(70)/DDM(100)+LS-3150(1)+TM-BIP(1)]の調製
窒素導入管とメカニカルスターラーを備えた50ml四口フラスコに、DDMを2.97g(14.98mmol)測り取り、GBLを18.09g加え溶解させ、窒素雰囲気下で約10℃に冷却し、TDAを1.35g(4.50mmol)を少しずつ加え、室温に戻し2時間反応させた。その後、CBDAを2.05g(10.50mmol)とNMPを18.09g加え、室温に戻し4時間反応させ、15質量%のポリアミック酸[PAA-3]の溶液を得た。得られたポリアミック酸[PAA-3]の数平均分子量は11,000、重量平均分子量は41,000であった。
ポリアミック酸[PAA-4:TDA(70)CBDA(30)/DDM(100)]の重合と組成物[AL-6:TDA(70)CBDA(30)/DDM(100)+LS-3150(1)+TM-BIP(1)]の調製
窒素導入管とメカニカルスターラーを備えた50ml四口フラスコに、DDMを2.97g(14.98mmol)測り取り、GBLを19.86g加え溶解させ、窒素雰囲気下で約10℃に冷却し、TDAを3.15g(10.48mmol)を少しずつ加え、室温に戻し2時間反応させた。その後、CBDAを0.88g(4.50mmol)とNMPを19.86g加え、室温に戻し4時間反応させ、15質量%のポリアミック酸[PAA-4]の溶液を得た。得られたポリアミック酸[PAA-4]の数平均分子量は14,500、重量平均分子量は45,100であった。
ポリアミック酸[PAA-5:TDA(100)/p-PDA(90)APC18(10)]の重合
窒素導入管とメカニカルスターラーを備えた50ml四口フラスコに、TDAを9.00g(0.030mol)、p-PDAを2.92g(0.027mol)、APC18を1.13g(0.0030mol)を用い、NMP73.40gの中で、50℃で24時間反応させ、ポリアミック酸[PAA-5]の溶液を得た。得られたポリアミック酸[PAA-5]の数平均分子量は15,800、重量平均分子量は49,200であった。
ポリイミド[SPI-1:TDA(100)/p-PDA(90)APC18(10)]の調製
攪拌子を備えた100ml三角フラスコに、合成例7で得られたポリアミック酸[PAA-5]の溶液を20.00g、NMPを30.67g、無水酢酸を7.16g、ピリジンを3.32g加え、室温で30分攪拌した後、40℃で3時間攪拌し反応させた。反応終了後、214gのメタノールにゆっくり注ぎポリマー(ポリイミド)を析出させ、30分攪拌した後、濾過により固体を回収した。得られた固体をメタノールで十分洗浄した後、100℃で真空乾燥させることにより、ポリイミド粉末を得た。得られたポリイミド[SPI-1]のイミド化率は85%であった。
ポリアミック酸[PAA-6:TDA/BAPU(30)p-PDA(60)APC18]の重合
窒素導入管とメカニカルスターラーを備えた50ml四口フラスコに、TDAを9.31g(0.031mol)、BAPUを2.77g(0.0093mol)、p-PDAを2.01g(0.019mol)、APC18を1.17g(0.0031mol)を用い、NMP86.38gの中で、50℃で24時間反応させ、ポリアミック酸[PAA-6]の溶液を得た。得られたポリアミック酸[PAA-6]の数平均分子量は10,500、重量平均分子量は35,900であった。
ポリイミド[SPI-2:TDA/BAPU(30)p-PDA(60)APC18]の調製
攪拌子を備えた100ml三角フラスコに、合成例9で得られたポリアミック酸[PAA-6]の溶液を30.00g、NMPを50.50g、無水酢酸を10.01g、ピリジンを4.65g加え、室温で30分攪拌した後、40℃で3時間攪拌し反応させた。反応終了後、580gのメタノールにゆっくり注ぎポリマーを析出させ、30分攪拌した後、濾過により固体を回収した。得られた固体をメタノールで十分洗浄した後、100℃で真空乾燥させることにより、ポリイミド粉末を得た。得られたポリイミド[SPI-2]のイミド化率は82%であった。
ポリアミック酸[PAA-7:TDA(100)/p-PDA(90)APC16(10)]の重合
窒素導入管とメカニカルスターラーを備えた50ml四口フラスコに、TDAを7.51g(0.025mol)、p-PDAを2.43g(0.023mol)、APC16を0.87g(0.0025mol)を用い、NMP61.26gの中で、50℃で24時間反応させポリアミック酸[PAA-7]の溶液を得た。得られたポリアミック酸[PAA-7]の数平均分子量は13,600、重量平均分子量は50,200であった。
ポリイミド[SPI-3:TDA(100)/p-PDA(90)APC16(10)]の調製
攪拌子を備えた100ml三角フラスコに、合成例11で得られたポリアミック酸[PAA-7]の溶液を20.00g、NMPを30.67g、無水酢酸を7.18g、ピリジンを3.33g加え、室温で30分攪拌した後、40℃で3時間攪拌し反応させた。反応終了後、214gのメタノールにゆっくり注ぎポリマーを析出させ、30分攪拌した後、濾過により固体を回収した。得られた固体をメタノールで十分洗浄した後、100℃で真空乾燥させることによりポリイミド粉末を得た。得られたポリイミド[SPI-3]のイミド化率は88%であった。
ポリアミック酸[PAA-8:PPHT(90)CBDA(10)/p-PDA(90)APC18(10)]の重合
窒素導入管とメカニカルスターラーを備えた50ml四口フラスコに、PPHTを2.44g、CBDAを0.12g、p-PDAを0.58g、APC18を0.26g、NMP 19.11gの中で、4時間反応させ、ポリアミック酸[PAA-8]の溶液を得た。得られたポリアミック酸[PAA-8]の数平均分子量は13,000、重量平均分子量は45,000であった。
ポリイミド[SPI-4:PPHT(90)CBDA(10)/p-PDA(90)APC18(10)]の調製
攪拌子を備えた100ml三角フラスコに、比較合成例1で得られたポリアミック酸[PAA-8]の溶液を22.49g、NMPを33.72g、無水酢酸を5.96g、ピリジンを2.77g加え、室温で30分攪拌した後、70℃で3時間攪拌し反応させた。反応終了後、250gのメタノールにゆっくり注ぎポリマーを析出させ、30分攪拌した後、濾過により固体を回収した。得られた固体をメタノールで十分洗浄した後、100℃で真空乾燥させることによりポリイミド粉末を得た。得られたポリイミド[SPI-4]のイミド化率は88%であった。
ポリアミック酸[PAA-9:TDA(50)CBDA(50)/DDM(20)p-PDA(80)]の重合と組成物[AL-7:TDA(50)CBDA(50)/DDM(20)p-PDA(80)+LS-3150(1)]の調製
窒素導入管とメカニカルスターラーを備えた100ml四口フラスコに、DDMを1.58g(8.00mmol)、p-PDAを3.46g(32.00mmol)測り取り、GBLを41.32g加え溶解させ、窒素雰囲気下で約10℃に冷却し、TDAを6.00g(20.00mmol)を少しずつ加え、室温に戻し2時間反応させた。その後、CBDAを3.52g(18.00mmol)とNMPを41.32g加え、室温に戻し4時間反応させ、15質量%のポリアミック酸[PAA-9]の溶液を得た。得られたポリアミック酸[PAA-9]の数平均分子量は7,100、重量平均分子量は15,000であった。
ポリアミック酸[PAA-10:TDA(70)CBDA(30)/DDM(20)p-PDA(80)]の重合と組成物[AL-8:TDA(70)CBDA(30)/DDM(20)p-PDA(80)+LS-3150(1)]の調製
窒素導入管とメカニカルスターラーを備えた100ml四口フラスコに、DDMを1.58g(8.00mmol)、p-PDAを3.46g(32.00mmol)測り取り、GBLを43.46g加え溶解させ、窒素雰囲気下で約10℃に冷却し、TDAを8.40g(28.00mmol)を少しずつ加え、室温に戻し2時間反応させた。その後、CBDAを1.88g(9.60mmol)とNMPを43.46g加え、室温に戻し4時間反応させ、15質量%のポリアミック酸[PAA-10]の溶液を得た。得られたポリアミック酸[PAA-10]の溶液の数平均分子量は7,100、重量平均分子量は15,000であった。
ポリアミック酸[PAA-11:TDA(50)CBDA(50)/DBA(30)DDM(70)]の重合と組成物[AL-9:TDA(50)CBDA(50)/DBA(30)DDM(70)+LS-3150(1)+TM-BIP(1)]の調製
窒素導入管とメカニカルスターラーを備えた100ml四口フラスコに、DDMを2.08g(10.50mmol)、DBAを0.68g(4.50mmol)測り取り、GBLを18.06g加え溶解させ、窒素雰囲気下で約10℃に冷却し、TDAを2.25g(7.5mmol)を少しずつ加え、室温に戻し2時間反応させた。その後、CBDAを1.35g(6.90mmol)とNMPを18.06g加え、室温に戻し4時間反応させ、15質量%のポリアミック酸[PAA-11]の溶液を得た。得られたポリアミック酸[PAA-11]の数平均分子量は9,400、重量平均分子量は25,900であった。
ポリアミック酸[PAA-12:TDA(20)CBDA(80)/DADPA(80)DDM(20)]の重合と組成物[AL-10:TDA(20)CBDA(80)/DADPA(80)DDM(20)]の調製
窒素導入管とメカニカルスターラーを備えた100ml四口フラスコに、DADPAを2.39g(12.00mmol)、DDMを0.59g(3.00mmol)測り取り、NMPを55.37g加え溶解させ、窒素雰囲気下で約10℃に冷却し、TDAを0.90g(3.0mmol)とCBDAを2.26g(11.55mmol)を少しずつ加え、室温に戻し4時間反応させポリアミック酸[PAA-12]の溶液を得た。
ポリアミック酸[PAA-13:TDA(100)/DA-5MG(100)]の重合とポリイミド[SPI-5:TDA(100)/DA-5MG(100)]の調製
窒素導入管とメカニカルスターラーを備えた100ml四口フラスコに、DA-5MG 3.72g、TDA 3.70gをNMP 66.88gの中で、4時間反応させ、ポリアミック酸[PAA-13]の溶液を得た。
[AL-1]と[SPI-1a]質量比が80:20になるように混合して、室温で2時間撹拌させ、液晶配向剤を得た。
[AL-2]と[SPI-1a]質量比が80:20になるように混合して、室温で2時間撹拌させ、液晶配向剤を得た。
[AL-3]と[SPI-1a]質量比が80:20になるように混合して、室温で2時間撹拌させ、液晶配向剤を得た。
[AL-3]と[SPI-2a]質量比が80:20になるように混合して、室温で2時間撹拌させ、液晶配向剤を得た。
[AL-5]と[SPI-1a]質量比が80:20になるように混合して、室温で2時間撹拌させ、液晶配向剤を得た。
[AL-6]と[SPI-1a]質量比が80:20になるように混合して、室温で2時間撹拌させ、液晶配向剤を得た。
[AL-3]と[SPI-3a]質量比が80:20になるように混合して、室温で2時間撹拌させ、液晶配向剤を得た。
[AL-4]と[SPI-1a]質量比が80:20になるように混合して、室温で2時間撹拌させ、液晶配向剤を得た。
[AL-9]と[SPI-1a]質量比が80:20になるように混合して、室温で2時間撹拌させ、液晶配向剤を得た。
[AL-3]と[SPI-4a]質量比が80:20になるように混合して、室温で2時間撹拌させ、液晶配向剤を得た。
[AL-7]と[SPI-1a]質量比が80:20になるように混合して、室温で2時間撹拌させ、液晶配向剤を得た。
[AL-8]と[SPI-1a]質量比が80:20になるように混合して、室温で2時間撹拌させ、液晶配向剤を得た。
[AL-10]と[SPI-5a]質量比が80:20になるように混合して、室温で2時間撹拌させ、液晶配向剤を得た。
Claims (5)
- 下記(A)成分と下記(B)成分とを含有することを特徴とする液晶配向剤。
(A)成分:テトラカルボン酸成分とジアミン成分とを重合反応させることにより得られるポリイミド前駆体及びこのポリイミド前駆体をイミド化して得られるポリイミドから選択される少なくとも一種の重合体であって、前記テトラカルボン酸成分が3,4-ジカルボキシ-1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロ-1-ナフタレンコハク酸二無水物、3,4-ジカルボキシ-1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロ-1-ナフタレンコハク酸ジエステル及び3,4-ジカルボキシ-1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロ-1-ナフタレンコハク酸ジエステルジクロリドから選択される少なくとも一種を含み、なおかつ、前記ジアミン成分が下記式(1)で表される側鎖を有するジアミンを含む重合体
(式(1)中、P1は単結合または2価の有機基を表し、Q1、Q2、Q3はそれぞれ独立して2価のベンゼン環又はシクロヘキサン環を表し、p、q、rはそれぞれ独立して0又は1の整数を表し、P2は、水素原子、炭素数1~22のアルキル基又はステロイド骨格を有する炭素数12~25の2価の有機基を表す。)
(B)成分:テトラカルボン酸成分とジアミン成分とを重合反応させることにより得られるポリイミド前駆体及びこのポリイミド前駆体をイミド化して得られるポリイミドから選択される少なくとも一種の重合体であって、前記テトラカルボン酸成分が3,4-ジカルボキシ-1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロ-1-ナフタレンコハク酸二無水物、3,4-ジカルボキシ-1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロ-1-ナフタレンコハク酸ジエステル及び3,4-ジカルボキシ-1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロ-1-ナフタレンコハク酸ジエステルジクロリドから選択される少なくとも一種を含み、なおかつ、前記ジアミン成分が主鎖に-CR21 2-基(ここで、2つのR21は、それぞれ独立に水素原子または有機基を表し、2つのR21が一緒になることで環状構造を形成してもよい。)を有するジアミンのみからなる重合体 - 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤を基板に塗布し、焼成して得られることを特徴とする液晶配向膜。
- 請求項4に記載の液晶配向膜を有することを特徴とする液晶表示素子。
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| WO2018066607A1 (ja) * | 2016-10-06 | 2018-04-12 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | ジアミン、重合体、液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
| JP2023016409A (ja) * | 2021-07-21 | 2023-02-02 | 東邦化成株式会社 | 液状組成物、塗料、ならびに塗装構造物 |
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| KR102453433B1 (ko) * | 2016-09-29 | 2022-10-11 | 닛산 가가쿠 가부시키가이샤 | 액정 배향제, 액정 배향막, 및 액정 표시 소자 |
| KR102117392B1 (ko) | 2019-06-17 | 2020-06-03 | 한경건설(주) | 흙막이 벽체 시공방법 |
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| US6238752B1 (en) * | 1998-07-29 | 2001-05-29 | Chisso Corporation | Diamino compounds, polyamic acids, polyimides, liquid crystal aligning films using said polyimide films and liquid crystal display devices using said aligning films |
| KR100601010B1 (ko) * | 1999-04-09 | 2006-07-19 | 칫소가부시키가이샤 | 와니스 조성물 및 액정 표시 소자 |
| TW556029B (en) | 2000-10-16 | 2003-10-01 | Nissan Chemical Ind Ltd | Aligning agent for liquid crystal for in-plane switching, liquid-crystal alignment film, and liquid-crystal display element |
| WO2004053583A1 (ja) | 2002-12-11 | 2004-06-24 | Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. | 液晶配向剤及びそれを用いた液晶表示素子 |
| KR100851787B1 (ko) * | 2007-04-11 | 2008-08-13 | 제일모직주식회사 | 3,4-디카르복시-1,2,3,4-테트라하이드로-6-터셔리부틸-1-나프탈렌숙신산이무수물 및 그를 이용하여 제조한 폴리이미드중합체를 포함하는 액정 배향제 |
| KR101737122B1 (ko) * | 2008-01-25 | 2017-05-17 | 닛산 가가쿠 고교 가부시키 가이샤 | 디아민 화합물, 액정 배향 처리제, 및 그것을 사용한 액정 표시 소자 |
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| JP2009185283A (ja) * | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-20 | Daxin Material Corp | 液晶配向溶液 |
| JP2010250307A (ja) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-11-04 | Daxin Material Corp | 液晶配向溶液 |
| US20120289633A1 (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2012-11-15 | Chi Mei Corporation | Liquid crystal alignment agent, and liquid crystal alignment film and liquid crystal display element formed from the liquid crystal alignment agent |
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| WO2018066607A1 (ja) * | 2016-10-06 | 2018-04-12 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | ジアミン、重合体、液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
| CN110049971A (zh) * | 2016-10-06 | 2019-07-23 | 日产化学株式会社 | 二胺、聚合物、液晶取向剂、液晶取向膜及液晶表示元件 |
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| CN110049971B (zh) * | 2016-10-06 | 2023-01-13 | 日产化学株式会社 | 二胺、聚合物、液晶取向剂、液晶取向膜及液晶表示元件 |
| JP2023016409A (ja) * | 2021-07-21 | 2023-02-02 | 東邦化成株式会社 | 液状組成物、塗料、ならびに塗装構造物 |
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| KR20150094711A (ko) | 2015-08-19 |
| TW201439288A (zh) | 2014-10-16 |
| JPWO2014092170A1 (ja) | 2017-01-12 |
| TWI596201B (zh) | 2017-08-21 |
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