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WO2014086856A1 - Compositions comprenant un extrait de quillay et un biopesticide - Google Patents

Compositions comprenant un extrait de quillay et un biopesticide Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014086856A1
WO2014086856A1 PCT/EP2013/075530 EP2013075530W WO2014086856A1 WO 2014086856 A1 WO2014086856 A1 WO 2014086856A1 EP 2013075530 W EP2013075530 W EP 2013075530W WO 2014086856 A1 WO2014086856 A1 WO 2014086856A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
methyl
phenyl
nrrl
chloro
extract
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PCT/EP2013/075530
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English (en)
Inventor
Thorsten Jabs
Joao Paulo Vilela GUIMARAES
Fabrizio CARBONE ROMANO
Jorge Pedro Nitsche
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BASF Agro BV Arnhem NL Zweigniederlassung Freienbach
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BASF Agro BV Arnhem NL Zweigniederlassung Freienbach
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Publication of WO2014086856A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014086856A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • compositions comprising a Quillay extract and a biopesticide
  • the present invention relates to mixtures comprising as active components a Quillay extract and a biopesticide.
  • Quillaja saponaria, Molina, the soapbark tree is an evergreen tree in the family Quillajaceae, native to warm temperate central Chile.
  • Extracts of the barksoap tree are well-known (CAS-No. 68990-67-0) and safe cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical additives e.g. used as adjuvant in vaccine solutions.
  • Such soapbark tree also called China bark extract, Murillo bark extract, Panama bark extract, Quillai extract, Quillaia extract or Quillay extract, generally comprises the milled inner bark, wood, small stems, small branches and/or leaves of the soapbark tree and contains saponins, polyphenols and other ingredients.
  • Quillay extract-based products e.g. QL Agri 35, BASF SE
  • QL Agri 35, BASF SE Quillay extract-based products
  • an acaricidal mixture comprising the Quillay extract QL Agri 35 and sulfur (Acoidal WG) is marketed by BASF SE.
  • Quillay extracts are commercially available e.g. under the trademark QL Agri 35 produced by Natural Response S.A., Quilpue, Chile, and marketed by Desert King Chile and BASF SE.
  • the water-based extraction step takes place at temperatures between 5°C and 95°C, preferably at 20°C to 90°C, even more preferably at 40°C to 90°C.
  • It contains a minimum of 6 % of saponins, 15 % polyphenols and about 35 °Brix, and has a total solids content of 350 g/l (the total solids content, or dry mass content, containing in general a residual moisture content of at most 5% by weight, preferably at most 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the solids content).
  • the percentages are weight percentages and relative to the volume of the extract.
  • One degree Brix is 1 gram of sucrose in 100 grams of solution and represents the strength of the solution as percentage by weight (% w/w) (strictly speaking, by mass). If the solution contains dissolved solids other than pure sucrose, then the °Brix is only approximate the dissolved solid content.
  • Further suitable Quillay extracts are commercially available (trademarks QL 1000, QP 1000, QL Ultra, QL 30B and Vax Sap, produced by Natural Response S.A.
  • Biopesticides in the sense of the present invention are generally as defined by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
  • Biopesticides have been defined as a form of pesticides based on micro-organisms
  • Biopesticides are typically created by growing and concentrating naturally occurring organisms and/or their metabolites including bacteria and other microbes, fungi, viruses, nematodes, proteins, etc. They are often considered to be important components of integrated pest management (IPM) programmes, and have received much practical attention as
  • PPPs synthetic chemical plant protection products
  • Biopesticides fall into two major classes, microbial and biochemical pesticides:
  • Microbial pesticides consist of bacteria, fungi or viruses (and often include the
  • Entomopathogenic nematodes are also classed as microbial pesticides, even though they are multi-cellular.
  • Biochemical pesticides are naturally occurring substances that control pests or provide other crop protection uses as defined below, but are relatively non-toxic to mammals. Biopesticides for use against crop diseases have already established themselves on a variety of crops. For example, biopesticides already play an important role in controlling downy mildew diseases. Their benefits include: a 0-Day Pre-Harvest Interval, the ability to use under moderate to severe disease pressure, and the ability to use in mixture or in a rotational program with other registered pesticides.
  • Biopesticidal seed treatments are e.g. used to control soil borne fungal pathogens that cause seed rots, damping-off, root rot and seedling blights. They can also be used to control internal seed borne fungal pathogens as well as fungal pathogens that are on the surface of the seed. Many biopesticidal products also show capacities to stimulate plant host defenses and other physiological processes that can make treated crops more resistant to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses.
  • biopesticides under certain conditions can also have disadvantages such as high specificity: which may require an exact identification of the pest/pathogen and the use of multiple products to be used, slow speed of action (thus making them unsuitable if a pest outbreak is an immediate threat to a crop), variable efficacy due to the influences of various biotic and abiotic factors (since biopesticides are usually living organisms, which bring about pest/pathogen control by multiplying within the target insect pest/pathogen) and resistance development.
  • It is an object of the present invention overcome the abovementioned disadvantages and to provide, with a view to effective resistance management and effective control of phytopathogenic harmful fungi, insects or other pests or to effective plant growth regulation, at application rates which are as low as possible, compositions which, at a reduced total amount of active compounds applied, have improved activity against the harmful fungi or pests or improved plant growth regulating activity (synergistic mixtures) and a broadened activity spectrum, in particular for certain indications.
  • the present invention relates to mixtures comprising, as active components
  • A' Microbial pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal and/or plant defense
  • activator activity Ampelomyces quisqualis, Aspergillus flavus, Aureobasidium pullulans, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. mojavensis, B. pumilus, B. simplex, B. solisalsi, B. subtilis, B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens, Candida oleophila, C.
  • Muscodor albus Paenibacillus polymyxa, Pantoea agglomerans, Phlebiopsis gigantea, Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonas chloraphis, Pseudozyma flocculosa, Pichia anomala, Pythium oligandrum, Sphaerodes mycoparasitica, Streptomyces griseoviridis, S. lydicus, S. violaceusniger, Talaromyces flavus, Trichoderma asperellum, T. atroviride, T. fertile, T. gamsii, T. harmatum, T. harzianum; mixture of T.
  • T. harzianum and T. viride mixture of T. polysporum and T. harzianum; T. stromaticum, T. virens (also named Gliocladium virens), T. viride, Typhula phacorrhiza, Ulocladium oudemansii, Verticillium dahlia, zucchini yellow mosaic virus (avirulent strain);
  • Biochemical pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal and/or plant defense activator activity chitosan (hydrolysate), harpin protein, laminarin, Menhaden fish oil, natamycin, Plum pox virus coat protein, potassium or sodium bicarbonate, Reynoutria sachlinensis extract, salicylic acid, tea tree oil;
  • Microbial pesticides with insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscidal and/or nematicidal activity Agrobacterium radiobacter, Bacillus cereus, B. firmus, B. thuringiensis ssp. aizawai, B. t. ssp. galleriae, B. t. ssp. kurstaki, B. t. ssp. tenebrionis, B.
  • brongniartii Beauveria bassiana, Burkholderia sp., Chromobacterium subtsugae, Cydia pomonella granulosis virus, Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus (CrleGV), Isaria fumosorosea, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Lecanicillium longisporum, L. muscarium (formerly Verticillium lecanii), Metarhizium anisopliae, M. anisopliae var. acridum, Nomuraea rileyi, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, P.
  • CrleGV Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus
  • Isaria fumosorosea Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
  • Lecanicillium longisporum L. muscarium (formerly Verticillium lecanii)
  • E' Microbial pesticides with plant stress reducing, plant growth regulator, plant growth promoting and/or yield enhancing activity: Azospirillum amazonense A. brasilense, A. lipoferum, A. irakense, A. halopraeferens, Bradyrhizobium sp., B. elkanii, B.
  • leguminosarum bv. phaseoli R. I. trifolii, R. I. bv. viciae, R. tropici, Sinorhizobium meliloti;
  • Biochemical pesticides with plant stress reducing, plant growth regulator and/or plant yield enhancing activity abscisic acid, aluminium silicate (kaolin), 3-decen-2- one, formononetin, genistein, hesperetin, homobrassinlide, humates, jasmonic acid or salts or derivatives thereof, lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine, naringenin, polymeric polyhydroxy acid, Ascophyllum nodosum (Norwegian kelp, Brown kelp) extract and Ecklonia maxima (kelp) extract.
  • abscisic acid aluminium silicate (kaolin)
  • 3-decen-2- one formononetin, genistein, hesperetin, homobrassinlide, humates, jasmonic acid or salts or derivatives thereof, lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine, naringenin, polymeric polyhydroxy acid, Ascophyllum nodosum (
  • the compounds II are selected from
  • A' Microbial pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal and/or plant defense
  • activator activity Ampelomyces quisqualis, Aspergillus flavus, Aureobasidium pullulans, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. mojavensis, B. pumilus, B. simplex, B. solisalsi, B. subtilis, B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens, Candida oleophila, C.
  • T. virens also named Gliocladium virens
  • T. viride Typhula phacorrhiza, Ulocladium oudema, U. oudemansii, Verticillium dahlia, zucchini yellow mosaic virus (avirulent strain)
  • Biochemical pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal and/or plant defense activator activity chitosan (hydrolysate), laminarin, Menhaden fish oil, natamycin, Plum pox virus coat protein, Reynoutria sachlinensis extract, salicylic acid, tea tree oil;
  • Bacillus firmus Bacillus firmus, B. thuringiensis ssp. israelensis, B. t. ssp. galleriae, B. t. ssp. kurstaki, Beauveria bassiana, Burkholderia sp., Chromobacterium subtsugae, Cydia pomonella granulosis virus, Isaria fumosorosea, Lecanicillium longisporum, L. muscarium (formerly Verticillium lecanii), Metarhizium anisopliae, M. anisopliae var. acridum, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, P.
  • E' Microbial pesticides with plant stress reducing, plant growth regulator, plant growth promoting and/or yield enhancing activity: Azospirillum amazonense A. brasilense, A. lipoferum, A. irakense, A. halopraeferens, Bradyrhizobium sp., B. japonicum, Glomus intraradices, Paenibacillus alvei, Penicillium bilaiae, Rhizobium
  • leguminosarum bv. phaseolii R. I. trifolii, R. I. bv. viciae, Sinorhizobium meliloti;
  • Biochemical pesticides with plant stress reducing, plant growth regulator and/or plant yield enhancing activity abscisic acid, aluminium silicate (kaolin), 3-decen-2- one, homobrassinlide, humates, indole-3-acetic acid, lysophosphatidyl ethanlamine, polymeric polyhydroxy acid, Ascophyllum nodosum (Norwegian kelp, Brown kelp) extract and Ecklonia maxima (kelp) extract.
  • the mixture according to the invention or to be used according to the invention is not restricted to a physical mixture of the Quillay extract and at least one biopesticide II, but can be any combination of the Quillay extract and at least one biopesticide II, it not being required for the Quillay extract and the at least one biopesticide II to be present together in the same formulation.
  • the mixture of the invention is partly also termed "composition”.
  • combipack An example of a "mixture" (more correctly: a composition) according to the invention or to be used according to the invention in which the Quillay extract and the at least one biopesticide II are not present together in the same formulation is a combipack.
  • a combipack two or more components of a combipack are packaged separately, i.e., not jointly pre-formulated.
  • combipacks include one or more separate containers such as vials, cans, bottles, pouches, bags or canisters, each container containing a separate component for an agrochemical composition.
  • One example is a two-component combipack.
  • the present invention also relates to a two-component combipack, comprising a first component which in turn comprises the Quillay extract, a liquid or solid carrier and, if appropriate, at least one surfactant and/or at least one customary auxiliary, and a second component which in turn comprises at least one biopesticide, a liquid or solid carrier and, if appropriate, at least one surfactant and/or at least one customary auxiliary. More details, e.g. as to suitable liquid and solid carriers, surfactants and customary auxiliaries are described below.
  • the mixture of the invention is a physical mixture.
  • biopesticides from group A') and/or B') may also have insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscidal, pheromone, nematicidal, plant stress reducing, plant growth regulator, plant growth promoting and/or yield enhancing activity.
  • the biopesticides from group C) and/or D') may also have fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal, plant defense activator, plant stress reducing, plant growth regulator, plant growth promoting and/or yield enhancing activity.
  • biopesticides from group E') and/or P) may also have fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal, plant defense activator, insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscidal, pheromone and/or nematicidal activity.
  • biopesticides their preparation and their biological activity e.g. against harmful fungi, pests is known (e-Pesticide Manual V 5.2 (ISBN 978 1 901396 85 0) (2008-201 1 );
  • aluminium silicate ScreenTM Duo from Certis LLC, USA
  • Agrobacterium radio-'bacter K1026 e.g.
  • amazonense BR 1 1 140 (SpY2T) (Proc. 9th Int. and 1 st Latin American PGPR meeting, Quimara, Medellin, Colombia 2012, p. 60, ISBN 978-958-46-0908-3), A. brasilense AZ39 (Eur. J. Soil Biol 45(1 ), 28-35, 2009), A. brasilense XOH (e.g. AZOS from Xtreme Gardening, USA or RTI Reforestation Technologies International; USA), A. brasilense BR 1 1002 (Proc. 9th Int. and 1 st Latin American PGPR meeting, Quimara, Medellin, Colombia 2012, p.
  • A. brasilense BR 1 1005 SP245; e.g. in GELFIX Gramineas from BASF Agricultural Specialties Ltd., Brazil
  • A. lipoferum BR 1 1646 Sp31
  • B. amyloliquefaciens IN937a J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 17(2), 280- 286, 2007; e.g. in BioYield® from Gustafson LLC, TX, USA
  • B. amyloliquefaciens IT-45 CNCM I 3800
  • Rhizocell C Rhizocell C from ITHEC, France
  • amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum MBI600 (NRRL B-50595, deposited at United States Department of Agriculture) (e.g. Integral®, Subtilex® NG from Becker Underwood, USA), B. cereus CNCM 1-1562 (US 6,406,690), B. firmus CNCM 1-1582 (WO 2009/126473, WO 2009/124707, US 6,406,690; Votivo® from Bayer Crop Science LP, USA), B. pumilus GB34 (ATCC 700814; e.g. in YieldShield® from Gustafson LLC, TX, USA), and Bacillus pumilus KFP9F (NRRL B-50754) (e.g.
  • B. pumilus QST 2808 (NRRL B 30087) (e.g. Sonata® and Ballad® Plus from AgraQuest Inc., USA), B. subtilis GB03 (e.g. Kodiak® or BioYield® from Gustafson, Inc., USA; or Companion® from Growth Products, Ltd., White Plains, NY 10603, USA), B. subtilis GB07 (Epic® from Gustafson, Inc., USA), B. subtilis QST-713 (NRRL B 21661 in Rhapsody®, Serenade® MAX and Serenade® ASO from AgraQuest Inc., USA), B.
  • subtilis var. amylolique-'faciens FZB24 e.g. Taegro® from Novozyme Biologicals, Inc., USA
  • B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens D747 e.g. Double Nickel 55 from Certis LLC, USA
  • B. thuringiensis ssp. aizawai ABTS-1857 e.g. in XenTari® from BioFa AG, Munsingen, Germany
  • B. t. ssp. aizawai SAN 401 I, ABG-6305 and ABG-6346, Bacillus t. ssp. israelensis AM65-52 e.g.
  • tenebrionis DSM 2803 (EP 0 585 215 B1 ; identical to NRRL B-15939; Mycogen Corp.), B. t. ssp. tenebrionis NB-125 (DSM 5526; EP 0 585 215 B1 ; also referred to as SAN 418 I or ABG-6479; former production strain of Novo- Nordisk), B. t. ssp.
  • tenebrionis NB-176 (or NB-176-1 ) a gamma-irridated, induced high-yielding mutant of strain NB-125 (DSM 5480; EP 585 215 B1 ; Novodor® from Valent Biosciences, Switzerland), Beauveria bassiana ATCC 74040 (e.g. in Naturalis® from CBC (Europe) S.r.l., Italy), B. bassiana DSM 12256 (US 200020031495; e.g. BioExpert® SC from Live Sytems Technology S.A., Colombia), B. bassiana GHA (BotaniGard® 22WGP from Laverlam Int. Corp., USA), B. bassiana PPRI 5339 (ARSEF number 5339 in the US DA ARS collection of
  • NRRL 50757 e.g. BroadBand® from Becker Underwood, South Africa
  • B. brongniartii e.g. in Melocont® from Agrifutur, Agrianello, Italy, for control of cockchafer; J. Appl. Microbiol. 100(5), 1063-72, 2006
  • Bradyrhizobium sp. e.g. Vault® from Becker Underwood, USA
  • B. japonicum e.g. VAULT® from Becker Underwood, USA
  • Candida oleophila 1-182 NRRL Y-18846; e.g.
  • CrIeGV Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus
  • CpGV Cydia pomonella granulovirus
  • CpGV V22 DSM GV-0014; e.g. in MADEX Twin from Adermatt Biocontrol, Switzerland
  • Delftia acidovorans RAY209 ATCC PTA-4249; WO 2003/57861 ; e.g.
  • intraradices e.g. MYC 4000 from ITHEC, France
  • Glomus intraradices RTI-801 e.g. MYKOS from Xtreme Gardening, USA or RTI Reforestation Technologies International; USA
  • grapefruit seeds and pulp extract e.g. BC-1000 from Chemie S.A., Chile
  • harpin (alpha-beta) protein e.g. MESSENGER or HARP-N-Tek from Plant Health Care pic, U.K.; Science 257, 1- 132, 1992
  • Heterorhabditis bacteriophaga e.g.
  • acridum FI-985 e.g. GREEN GUARD® SC from Becker Underwood Pty Ltd, Australia
  • M. anisopliae FI-1045 e.g. BIOCANE® from Becker Underwood Pty Ltd, Australia
  • M. anisopliae F52 DSM 3884, ATCC 90448; e.g. MET52® Novozymes Biologicals BioAg Group, Canada
  • M. anisopliae ICIPE 69 e.g. METATHRI POL from ICIPE, Nairobe, Kenya
  • Metschnikowia fructicola NRRL Y-30752; e.g. SHEMER® from Agrogreen, Israel, now distributed by Bayer CropSciences, Germany; US 6,994,849
  • Microdochium dimerum e.g. ANTIBOT® from Agrauxine, France
  • Microsphaeropsis ochracea P130A (ATCC 74412 isolated from apple leaves from an
  • P. lilacinus 251 e.g. in BioAct®/MeloCon® from Prophyta, Germany; Crop Protection 27, 352-361 , 2008; originally isolated from infected nematode eggs in the Philippines
  • P. lilacinus DSM 15169 e.g. NEMATA® SC from Live Systems Technology S.A., Colombia
  • P. lilacinus BCP2 NRRL 50756; e.g.
  • chloraphis MA 342 e.g. in CERALL or CEDEMON from BioAgri AB, Uppsala, Sweden
  • P. fluorescens CL 145A e.g. in ZEQUANOX from Marrone Biolnnovations, Davis, CA, USA; J. Invertebr. Pathol. 1 13(1 ): 104-14, 2013
  • Pythium oligandrum DV 74 ATCC 38472; e.g.
  • Reynoutria sachlinensis extract e.g. REGALIA® SC from Marrone
  • Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli e.g. RHIZO-STICK from Becker Underwood, USA
  • R. I. trifolii RP1 13-7 e.g. DORMAL from Becker Underwood, USA; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 44(5), 1096-1 101
  • R. I. bv. viciae P1 NP3Cst also referred to as 1435; New Phytol 179(1 ), 224-235, 2008; e.g. in NODULATOR PL Peat Granule from Becker Underwood, USA; or in NODULATOR XL PL bfrom Becker Underwood, Canada
  • viciae SU303 e.g. NODULAID Group E from Becker Underwood, Australia
  • R. I. bv. viciae WSM1455 e.g. NODULAID Group F from Becker Underwood, Australia
  • R. tropici SEMIA 4080 identical to PRF 81 ; Soil Biology & Biochemistry 39, 867- 876, 2007
  • Sinorhizobium meliloti MSDJ0848 (INRA, France) also referred to as strain 201 1 or RCR201 1 (Mol Gen Genomics (2004) 272: 1- 17; e.g. DORMAL ALFALFA from Becker Underwood, USA;
  • mycoparasitica IDAC 301008-01 (WO 201 1/022809), Steinernema carpocapsae (e.g.
  • Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1 e.g. ECO-HOPE® from Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Japan
  • T. asperellum ICC 012 e.g. in TENET WP, REMDIER WP, BIOTEN WP from Isagro NC, USA, BIO-TAM from AgraQuest, USA
  • Atroviride LC52 e.g. SENTINEL® from Agrimm Technologies Ltd, NZ
  • T. atroviride CNCM I- 1237 e.g. in Esquive WG from Agrauxine S.A., France, e.g. against pruning wound diseases on vine and plant root pathogens
  • T. fertile JM41 R NRRL 50759; e.g. RICHPLUSTM from Becker Underwood Bio Ag SA Ltd, South Africa
  • T. gamsii ICC 080 e.g. in TENET WP, REMDIER WP, BIOTEN WP from Isagro NC, USA, BIO-TAM from AgraQuest, USA
  • T. harzianum T-22 e.g.
  • PLANTSHIELD® der Firma BioWorks Inc., USA
  • T. harzianum TH 35 e.g. ROOT PRO® from Mycontrol Ltd., Israel
  • T. harzianum T-39 e.g. TRICHODEX® and TRICHODERMA 2000® from Mycontrol Ltd., Israel and Makhteshim Ltd., Israel
  • T. harzianum and T. viride e.g. TRICHOPEL from Agrimm Technologies Ltd, NZ
  • T. harzianum ICC012 and T. viride ICC080 e.g. REMEDIER® WP from Isagro Ricerca, Italy
  • T. polysporum and T. harzianum e.g.
  • T. stromaticum e.g. TRICOVAB® from BINAB Bio-Innovation AB, Sweden
  • T. virens GL-21 also named Gliocladium virens
  • SOILGARD® from Certis LLC, USA
  • T. viride e.g. TRIECO® from Ecosense Labs. (India) Pvt. Ltd., Indien, BIO- CURE® F from T. Stanes & Co. Ltd., Indien
  • T. viride TV1 e.g. T. viride TV1 from Agribiotec srl, Italy
  • Ulocladium oudemansii HRU3 e.g. in BOTRY-ZEN® from Botry-Zen Ltd, NZ.
  • Strains can be sourced from genetic resource and deposition centers: American Type Culture Collection, 10801 University Boulevard., Manassas, VA 201 10-2209, USA (strains with ATCC prefic); CABI Europe - International Mycological Institute, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey, TW20 9TYNRRL, UK (strains with prefices CABI and I Ml); Centraalbureau voor
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum MBI600 (NRRL B-50595) is deposited under accession number NRRL B-50595 with the strain designation Bacillus subtilis 1430 (and identical to NCIMB 1237). Recently, MBI 600 has been re-classified as Bacillus
  • Bacillus subtilis MBI600 (or MBI 600 or MBI-600) is identical to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp.
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBI600 is known as plant growth-promoting rice seed treatment from Int. J. Microbiol. Res. 3(2) (201 1 ), 120-130 and further described e.g. in US 2012/0149571 A1 .
  • This strain MBI600 is e.g.
  • liquid formulation product INTEGRAL® Becker-Underwood Inc., USA.
  • Bacillus subtilis strain FB17 was originally isolated from red beet roots in North America (System Appl. Microbiol 27 (2004) 372-379). This B. subtilis strain promotes plant health (US 2010/0260735 A1 ; WO 201 1/109395 A2). B. subtilis FB17 has also been deposited at ATCC under number PTA-1 1857 on April 26, 201 1 . Bacillus subtilis strain FB17 may be referred elsewhere to as UD1022 or UD10-22.
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AP-136 (NRRL B-50614), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-188 (NRRL B- 50615), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-218 (NRRL B-50618), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-219 (NRRL B- 50619), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-295 (NRRL B-50620), B. japonicum SEMIA 5079 (e.g. Gelfix 5 or Adhere 60 from Nitral Urbana Laoboratories, Brazil, a BASF Company), B. japonicum SEMIA 5080 (e.g. GELFIX 5 or ADHERE 60 from Nitral Urbana Laoboratories, Brazil, a BASF
  • B. mojavensis AP-209 (NRRL B-50616), B. solisalsi AP-217 (NRRL B-50617), B. pumilus strain INR-7 (otherwise referred to as BU-F22 (NRRL B-50153) and BU-F33 (NRRL B- 50185)), B. simplex ABU 288 (NRRL B-50340) and B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum MBI600 (NRRL B-50595) have been mentioned i.a. in US patent appl. 20120149571 , US 8,445,255, WO 2012/079073. Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 3 is known from US patent 7,262,151.
  • Jasmonic acid or salts (jasmonates) or derivatives include without limitation potassi-um jasmonate, sodium jasmonate, lithium jasmonate, ammonium jasmonate, dimethyl-ammonium jasmonate, isopropylammonium jasmonate, diolammonium jasmonate,
  • Humates are humic and fulvic acids extracted from a form of lignite coal and clay, known as leonardite.
  • Humic acids are organic acids that occur in humus and other organically derived materials such as peat and certain soft coal. They have been shown to increase fertilizer efficiency in phosphate and micro-nutrient uptake by plants as well as aiding in the development of plant root systems.
  • the invention also relates to a method for controlling phytopathogenic harmful fungi, insects or other pests or to a method for regulating plant growth or to a method for improving the health of the plants using mixtures of a Quillay extract and a biopesticide and to the use of the components 1 ) and 2) as defined herein for preparing such mixtures, and to compositions and seed comprising these mixtures.
  • the method of the invention does not include a treatment of a human or animal body.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a mixture of the invention as defined above or below or of an agricultural composition as defined below or of a Quillay extract in combination with at least one biopesticide II as defined above or below and optionally also in combination with at least one active component 3) as defined below for controlling phytopathogenic harmful insects and/or for controlling phytopathogenic fungi and/or for improving plant health and/or regulating plant growth.
  • the use of the Quillay extract "in combination with" the at least one biopesticide II on the one hand can be understood as using a physical mixture of Quillay extract and at least one biopesticide II.
  • the combined use may also consist in using the Quillay extract and the at least one biopesticide II separately, but locus- and time-related (i.e. both components are applied to the same "substrate" (plant, part thereof, seed, insect, fungus, habitat of the insect or of the fungus, soil etc.) within a sufficiently short time of one another), so that the desired effect can take place. More detailed illustrations of the combined use can be found in the specifications below.
  • the mixtures comprise component 1 ) and component 2) in a synergistically effective amount.
  • the active component 1 ) of the mixture can be found on the basis of the soap bark tree (Quillaja saponaria), from wood, branches and the bark of the tree, which are milled. Quillaja can as well be used as an extract of flakes from branches and the bark from the soap bark tree.
  • the extract can be based on pure water extraction or a blend of water and alcohol as a means of extraction.
  • the extract can be used as a liquid product or it can be spray dried. The abovementioned commercially available extracts are also suitable.
  • the mixtures comprise as component 1 ) a water-based Quillay extract.
  • water-based Quillay extract is to be understood that the extract of the material of the Quillay tree is obtained by solid-liquid extraction wherein the liquid is water or a water-based solution comprising water-soluble solvents (such as alcohols, e.g. ethanol, propanol, butanol, benzylalcohol, cyclohexanol; glycols; DMSO; ketones, e.g.
  • auxiliaries such as liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetters, adjuvants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, adhesion agents, thickeners, humectants, bactericides, anti-freezing agents, anti- foaming agents, tackifiers and binders).
  • the Quillay extract is obtained by extraction from the Quillay tree by employing water, alcohol or a water/alcohol solution.
  • the alcohol is ethanol or methanol.
  • the extraction is achieved by employing a water/alcohol solution.
  • the water/alcohol solution has a water/alcohol ratio of from 80:20 to 20:80. In further embodiments, the water/alcohol solution has a water/alcohol ratio of from 60:40 to 40:60. In further embodiments, the water/alcohol solution is 80:20 water/alcohol, 60:40 water/alcohol, 50:50 water/alcohol, 40:60 water/ alcohol ratio or 20:80 water/alcohol.
  • the water/alcohol ratios given are volume/volume. Specifically, the extractant is water.
  • the extraction time may vary without limitation from 1 to 8 hours, at or above room temperature (20°C-30°C), e.g., above 30°C, 40°C, 50°C or 60°C. In some embodiments, the extraction is carried out at a temperature between 30°C and 70°C.
  • the extraction process comprising: treating the Quillay material in a water or water/alcohol solution.
  • the so-extracted material may subsequently be purified by any means known in the art, including: filtration, centrifugation, re-crystallization, distillation, adsorption, chromatographic methods, fractionation, etc.
  • the Quillay material is first dried and ground before being treated in the water or water/alcohol solution.
  • the Quillay extract may be concentrated e.g. by evaporating or drying the extract- containing solution to obtain a concentrated liquid extract or a dried extract.
  • the Quillay extract contains a minimum of 2 % of saponins and 5 % polyphenols and at least 15 °Brix; more preferably a minimum of 4 % of saponins and 10 % polyphenols and at least 25 °Brix. The percentages are weight percentages and relative to the volume of the extract.
  • the Quillay extract contains a minimum of 5 % by weight of saponins and at least 10 % by weight of polyphenols, relative to the dry mass of the extract, and at least 15 °Brix; e.g.
  • the dry mass contains at most 5% by weight, preferably at most 2% by weight of residual liquid components, such as extractants (in general water, possibly also alcohol; mostly however residual moisture), based on the total weight of the dry mass.
  • the Quillay extract is obtained by a process as described for example in CL 2573-2002. Chipped or milled wood, branches and/or the bark or flakes from branches and/or the bark of Quillaja saponaria are submitted to a solid/liquid extraction process using water as extractant.
  • the extraction temperature may vary between 20 and 95°C (i.e. is of from 20 to 95°C), e.g. 40 to 90°C, but is specifically ca. 60°C (+/- 10°C, preferably +/- 5°C).
  • the extraction time is in inverse proportion to the extraction temperature and is in general of from 0.5 to 5 h. For an extraction temperature of ca. 60°C, it is specifically ca. 2 to 3 h.
  • the present invention relates to mixtures comprising, as active components
  • A' Microbial pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal and/or plant defense
  • activator activity Ampelomyces quisqualis M-10, Aspergillus flavus NRRL Accession No. 21882, Aureobasidium pullulans DSM 14940, A. pullulans DSM 14941 , Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AP-136 (NRRL B-50614), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-188 (NRRL B-50615), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-218 (NRRL B-50618), B.
  • amyloliquefaciens AP-219 (NRRL B-50619), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-295 (NRRL B- 50620), B. amyloliquefaciens IT-45 (CNCM I-3800, NCBI 1091041 ), B. mojavensis AP-209 (No. NRRL B-50616), B. pumilus INR-7 (otherwise referred to as BU-F22
  • B. pumilus KFP9F B. pumilus QST 2808 (NRRL B-30087), B. pumilus GHA 181 , B. simplex ABU 288 (NRRL B-50340), B. solisalsi AP-217 (NRRL B-50617), B. subtilis CX-9060, B. subtilis GB03, B.
  • T. atroviride LC52 T. fertile JM41 R, T. gamsii, T. harmatum TH 382, T. harzianum TH-35, T. harzianum T-22, T. harzianum T-39, ; mixture of T. harzianum ICC012 and T. viride ICC080; mixture of T. polysporum and T. harzianum; T.
  • T. virens also named Gliocladium virens
  • T. virens G41 T. viride TV1
  • Typhula phacorrhiza 94671 Ulocladium oudema
  • Verticillium dahlia zucchini yellow mosaic virus (avirulent strain);
  • Biochemical pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal and/or plant defense activator activity chitosan (hydrolysate), laminarin, Menhaden fish oil, natamycin, Plum pox virus coat protein, Reynoutria sachlinensis extract, salicylic acid, tea tree oil;
  • Microbial pesticides with insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscidal and/or nematicidal activity Bacillus firmus St 1582, B. thuringiensis ssp. aizawai ABTS-1857, SAN 401 I, ABG-6305 and ABG-6346, B. t. ssp. galleriae SDS-502, B. t. ssp. kurstaki, in particular Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki SB4, ABTS-351 and EG 2348; B. thuringiensis ssp. tenebrionis DSM 2803, NB-125 and NB-176, Beauveria bassiana
  • poppiliae Dutky 1 Pasteuria spp. Ph3, P. nishizawae PN-1 , P. reneformis Pr-3, P. usagae, Pseudomonas fluorescens CL 145A, Steinernema feltiae, Streptomces galbus;
  • Z-1 1 -tetradecenal Z-1 1 -tetradecen-1 -ol, extract of grapefruit seeds and pulp, extract of Chenopodium ambrosiodae, Catnip oil, Neem oil, Tagetes oil;
  • E' Microbial pesticides with plant stress reducing, plant growth regulator, plant growth promoting and/or yield enhancing activity: Azospirillum amazonense BR 1 1 140 (SpY2T), A. brasilense XOH, A. brasilense BR 1 1005 (Sp245), A. brasilense BR
  • A. lipoferum BR 1 1646 (Sp31 ), A. irakense, A. halopraeferens,
  • Bradyrhizobium sp. (Vigna), B. japonicum USDA 3, B. japonicum USDA 31 , B.
  • japonicum USDA 76 B. japonicum USDA 1 10, B. japonicum USDA 121 , B. japonicum SEMIA 5079, B. japonicum SEMIA 5080, Glomus intraradices RTI-801 , Paenibacillus alvei NAS6G6, Penicillium bilaiae, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseolii, R. I. trifolii, R. I. bv. viciae, Sinorhizobium meliloti;
  • Biochemical pesticides with plant stress reducing, plant growth regulator and/or plant yield enhancing activity abscisic acid, aluminium silicate (kaolin), 3-decen-2- one, homobrassinlide, humates, indole-3-acetic acid, lysophosphatidyl ethanlamine, polymeric polyhydroxy acid, salicylic acid, Ascophyllum nodosum (Norwegian kelp,
  • Brown kelp Brown kelp
  • Ecklonia maxima kelp
  • the mixture comprise as component 2) a biopesticide from group A'), preferably selected from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AP-136 (NRRL B-50614), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-188 (NRRL B-50615), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-218 (NRRL B-50618), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-219 (NRRL B-50619), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-295 (NRRL B-50620), B. amyloliquefaciens IT-45 (CNCM I-3800, NCBI 1091041 ), B. mojavensis AP-209 (No.
  • NRRL B- 50616 B. pumilus INR-7 (otherwise referred to as BU-F22 (NRRL B-50153) and BU-F33 (NRRL B-50185)), B. pumilus KFP9F, B. pumilus QST 2808 (NRRL B-30087), B. pumilus GHA 181 , B. simplex ABU 288 (NRRL B-50340), B. solisaisi AP-217 (NRRL B-50617), B. subtilis CX- 9060, B. subtilis GB03, B. subtilis GB07, B. subtilis QST-713 (NRRL B-21661 ), B. subtilis MBI600 (NRRL B-50595), B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens FZB23, B. subtilis var.
  • amyloliquefaciens AP-188 (NRRL B-50615), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-218 (NRRL B-50618), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-219 (NRRL B-50619), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-295 (NRRL B-50620), B. amyloliquefaciens IT-45 (CNCM I-3800, NCBI 1091041 ), B. mojavensis AP-209 (No. NRRL B- 50616), B. pumilus INR-7 (otherwise referred to as BU-F22 (NRRL B-50153) and BU-F33 (NRRL B-50185)), B.
  • pumilus QST 2808 (NRRL B-30087), B. simplex ABU 288 (NRRL B- 50340), B. subtilis QST-713 (NRRL B-21661 ), B. subtilis MBI600 (NRRL B-50595), Paenibacillus alvei NAS6G6, Sphaerodes mycoparasitica IDAC 301008-01 and Trichoderma fertile J M41 R.
  • the mixture comprises as component 2) a biopesticide from group A') selected from Bacillus subtilis and B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens, more preferably from B. subtilis CX-9060, B. subtilis GB03, B. subtilis GB07, B. subtilis QST-713
  • B. subtilis FB17 1430 and B. subtilis FB17, and is in particular B. subtilis MBI600.
  • the mixture comprise as component 2) a biopesticide from group B'), preferably selected from chitosan (hydrolysate), laminarin, Reynoutria sachlinensis extract and tea tree oil.
  • a biopesticide from group B' preferably selected from chitosan (hydrolysate), laminarin, Reynoutria sachlinensis extract and tea tree oil.
  • the mixture comprise as component 2) a biopesticide from group C), preferably selected from Bacillus firmus St 1582, Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki SB4, Beauveria bassiana GHA, B. bassiana H123, B. bassiana DSM 12256, B.
  • a biopesticide from group C preferably selected from Bacillus firmus St 1582, Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki SB4, Beauveria bassiana GHA, B. bassiana H123, B. bassiana DSM 12256, B.
  • bassiana PRPI 5339 Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum IMI 330189, M. anisopliae FI-985, M. anisopliae FI-1045, M. anisopliae F52, M. anisopliae ICIPE 69, Paecilomyces lilacinus DSM
  • P. poppiliae KLN 3 and P. poppiliae Dutky 1 even more preferably from Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki SB4 B. bassiana DSM 12256, B. bassiana PRPI 5339, Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum IMI 330189, M. anisopliae FI-985, M. anisopliae FI-1045, Paecilomyces lilacinus DSM
  • the mixture comprises as component 2) a biopesticide from group C) selected from B. thuringiensis ssp. aizawai, B. t. ssp. galleriae, B. t. ssp. kurstaki and B. t. ssp. tenebrionis, and in particular from B. thuringiensis ssp. aizawai ABTS-1857, B. thuringiensis ssp. aizawai SAN 401 I, B. thuringiensis ssp. aizawai ABG-6305, B. thuringiensis ssp. aizawai ABG-6346, B.
  • group C selected from B. thuringiensis ssp. aizawai, B. t. ssp. galleriae, B. t. ssp. kurstaki and B. t. ssp. tenebrionis
  • the mixture comprise as component 2) a biopesticide from group C) selected from Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki, preferably from B. thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki SB4, B. thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki ABTS-351 and B. thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki EG
  • the mixture comprise as component 2) a biopesticide from group D'), preferably selected from methyl jasmonate, extract of grapefruit seeds and pulp,
  • the mixture comprise as component 2) a biopesticide from group E'), preferably selected from Azospirillum amazonense BR 1 1 140 (SpY2T), A.
  • a biopesticide from group E' preferably selected from Azospirillum amazonense BR 1 1 140 (SpY2T), A.
  • brasilense XOH A. brasilense BR 1 1005 (Sp245), A. brasilense BR 1 1002, A. lipoferum BR
  • Bradyrhizobium sp. Vigna
  • RTI-801 Paenibacillus alvei NAS6G6, Penicillium bilaiae, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseolii, R. I. trifolii, R. I. bv. viciae, and Sinorhizobium meliloti, more preferably selected from Azospirillum brasilense BR 1 1005 (Sp245), Bradyrhizobium sp. (Vigna), B. japonicum USDA 3, B. japonicum USDA 31 , B. japonicum USDA 76, B. japonicum USDA 1 10, B. japonicum USDA 121 , Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseolii, R. I. trifolii, R. I. bv. viciae, and Sinorhizobium meliloti.
  • the mixture comprise as component 2) a biopesticide from group F'), preferably selected from abscisic acid, aluminium silicate (kaolin), humates, indole-3-acetic acid, Ascophyllum nodosum (Norwegian kelp, Brown kelp) extract and Ecklonia maxima (kelp) extract.
  • a biopesticide from group F' preferably selected from abscisic acid, aluminium silicate (kaolin), humates, indole-3-acetic acid, Ascophyllum nodosum (Norwegian kelp, Brown kelp) extract and Ecklonia maxima (kelp) extract.
  • the inverntive mixtures comprising a Quillay extract and microbial pesticide from groups A'), C) and E') may be formulated as an inoculant for a plant.
  • inoculant means a preparation that includes an isolated culture of a microbial pesticide and optionally a carrier, which may include a biologically acceptable medium.
  • the abovementioned microbial pesticides may be isolated or substantially purified.
  • isolated or substantially purified refers to microbial pesticides that have been removed from a natural environment and have been isolated or separated, and are at least 60% free, preferably at least 75% free, and more preferably at least 90% free, even more preferably at least 95% free, and most preferably at least 100% free from other components with which they were naturally associated.
  • An "isolated culture” refers to a culture of the microbial pesticides that does not include significant amounts of other materials such as other materials which normally are found in natural habitat in which the microbial pesticides grows and/or from which the microbial pesticides normally may be obtained.
  • An “isolated culture” may be a culture that does not include any other biological, microorganism, and/or bacterial species in quantities sufficient to interfere with the replication of the "isolated culture.” Isolated cultures of microbial pesticides may be combined to prepare a mixed culture of microbial pesticides.
  • microbial pesticides may be supplied in any physiological state such as active or dormant.
  • Dormant microbial pesticides may be supplied for example frozen, dried, or lyophilized or partly desiccated (procedures to produce these partly desiccated organisms are given in WO2008/002371 ) or in form of spores.
  • the invention also relates to a method for controlling phytopathogenic harmful fungi and/or harmful insects using mixtures of a water-based Quillay extract and a water-based Acacia negra extract and to the use of a water-based Quillay extract and a water-based Acacia negra extract for preparing such mixtures, and to compositions comprising these mixtures and seed comprising these mixtures or coated with this this mixture.
  • mixtures and compositions thereof according to the invention can, in the use form as fungicides and/or insecticides, also be present together with other active substances, e. g. with herbicides, insecticides, growth regulators, fungicides or else with fertilizers, as pre-mix or, if appropriate, not until immeadiately prior to use (tank mix).
  • other active substances e. g. with herbicides, insecticides, growth regulators, fungicides or else with fertilizers, as pre-mix or, if appropriate, not until immeadiately prior to use (tank mix).
  • insecticides results in many cases in an expansion of the insecticidal spectrum of activity or in a prevention of insecticide resistance development. Furthermore, in many cases, synergistic effects are obtained.
  • the mixtures comprise besides a Quillay extract and an Acacia negra extract and the compositions comprising them as component 3) a further active compound, preferably in a synergistically effective amount.
  • Another embodiment relates to mixtures wherein the component 3) is an active compound III selected from groups A) to O):
  • Inhibitors of complex III at Q 0 site e.g. strobilurins: azoxystrobin, coumethoxystrobin,
  • coumoxystrobin dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, fenaminstrobin, fenoxystrobin/flufenoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, mandestrobin, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, 2-(2-(3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-
  • - inhibitors of complex II e. g. carboxamides: benodanil, benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, fluopyram, flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, isofetamid, isopyrazam, mepronil, oxycarboxin, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane, tecloftalam, thifluzamide, N-(4'- trifluoromethylthiobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2- (1 ,3,3-trimethyl-butyl)-phenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,
  • complex II e. g. carboxamides: benodanil, benzovindiflupyr, bixafen,
  • respiration inhibitors e.g. complex I, uncouplers: diflumetorim, (5,8-difluoroquinazolin-
  • nitrophenyl derivates binapacryl, dinobuton, dinocap, fluazinam; ferimzone; organometal compounds: fentin salts, such as fentin-acetate, fentin chloride or fentin hydroxide; ametoctradin; and silthiofam;
  • DMI fungicides triazoles: azaconazole, bitertanol,
  • epoxiconazole fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazole, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole,
  • Delta14-reductase inhibitors aldimorph, dodemorph, dodemorph-acetate, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, piperalin, spiroxamine;
  • phenylamides or acyl amino acid fungicides benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, kiralaxyl, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), ofurace, oxadixyl;
  • hymexazole hymexazole, octhilinone, oxolinic acid, bupirimate, 5-fluorocytosine, 5-fluoro-2-(p- tolylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine, 5-fluoro-2-(4-fluorophenylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine;
  • - tubulin inhibitors such as benzimidazoles, thiophanates: benomyl, carbendazim,
  • cell division inhibitors diethofencarb, ethaboxam, pencycuron, fluopicolide, zoxamide, metrafenone, pyriofenone;
  • - methionine synthesis inhibitors anilino-pyrimidines: cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil; - protein synthesis inhibitors: blasticidin-S, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride-hydrate, mildiomycin, streptomycin, oxytetracyclin, polyoxine, validamycin A;
  • - MAP / histidine kinase inhibitors fluoroimid, iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin, fenpiclonil, fludioxonil; - G protein inhibitors: quinoxyfen;
  • - Phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitors edifenphos, iprobenfos, pyrazophos, isoprothiolane;
  • lipid peroxidation dicloran, quintozene, tecnazene, tolclofos-methyl, biphenyl, chloroneb, etridiazole;
  • oxathiapiprolin 2- ⁇ 3-[2-(1 - ⁇ [3,5-bis(di -, flu -, oromethyl- 1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl]acetyl ⁇ piperidin-4-yl)-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1 ,2 oxazol-5-yl ⁇ phenyl methanesulfonate, 2- ⁇ 3-[2-(1 - ⁇ [3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl]acetyl ⁇ piperidin-4-yl) 1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1 ,2-oxazol-5 yl ⁇ -3-chlorophenyl methanesulfonate
  • organochlorine compounds e.g. phthalimides, sulfamides, chloronitriles: anilazine,
  • chlorothalonil captafol, captan, folpet, dichlofluanid, dichlorophen, hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorphenole and its salts, phthalide, tolylfluanid, N-(4-chloro-2-nitro-phenyl)-N-ethyl-4- methyl-benzenesulfonamide;
  • guanidines and others guanidine, dodine, dodine free base, guazatine, guazatine-acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine-triacetate, iminoctadine-tris(albesilate), dithianon, 2,6-dimethyl-
  • glucan synthesis inhibitors validamycin, polyoxin B; melanin synthesis inhibitors:
  • Microbial pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal and/or plant defense activator activity Ampelomyces quisqualis, Aspergillus flavus, Aureobasidium pullulans, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. mojavensis, B. pumilus, B. simplex, B. solisalsi, B. subtilis, B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens, Candida oleophila, C. saitoana, Clavibacter michiganensis
  • T. stromaticum T. virens (also named Gliocladium virens), T. viride, Typhula phacorrhiza, Ulocladium oudemansii, Verticillium dahlia, zucchini yellow mosaic virus (avirulent strain);
  • Biochemical pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal and/or plant defense activator activity chitosan (hydrolysate), harpin protein, laminarin, Menhaden fish oil, natamycin, Plum pox virus coat protein, potassium or sodium bicarbonate, Reynoutria sachlinensis extract, salicylic acid, tea tree oil;
  • Agrobacterium radiobacter Bacillus cereus, B. firmus, B. thuringiensis, B. thuringiensis ssp. aizawai, B. t. ssp. israelensis, B. t. ssp. galleriae, B. t. ssp. kurstaki, B. t. ssp. tenebrionis, Beauveria bassiana, B.
  • brongniartii Burkholderia sp., Chromobacterium subtsugae, Cydia pomonella granulosis virus, Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus (CrleGV), Isaria fumosorosea, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Lecanicillium longisporum, L. muscarium (formerly Verticillium lecanii), Metarhizium anisopliae, M. anisopliae var. acridum, Nomuraea rileyi, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, P.
  • CrleGV Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus
  • Isaria fumosorosea Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
  • Lecanicillium longisporum L. muscarium (formerly Verticillium lecanii)
  • Metarhizium anisopliae M.
  • nematicidal activity L-carvone, citral, (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1 -yl acetate, ethyl formate, (E,Z)- 2,4-ethyl decadienoate (pear ester), (Z,Z,E)-7,1 1 ,13-hexadecatrienal, heptyl butyrate, isopropyl myristate, lavanulyl senecioate, cis-jasmone, 2-methyl 1 -butanol, methyl eugenol, methyl jasmonate, (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1 -ol, (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1 -ol acetate, (E,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1 -ol, R-1 -octen-3-ol, pentatermanone
  • lipoferum lipoferum, A. irakense, A. halopraeferens, Bradyrhizobium sp., B. elkanii, B. japonicum, B. liaoningense, B. lupini, Delftia acidovorans, Glomus intraradices, Mesorhizobium sp., Paenibacillus alvei, Penicillium bilaiae, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli, R. I. trifolii, R. I. bv. viciae, R. tropici, Sinorhizobium meliloti;
  • Biochemical pesticides with plant stress reducing, plant growth regulator and/or plant yield enhancing activity abscisic acid, aluminium silicate (kaolin), 3-decen-2-one, formononetin, genistein, hesperetin, homobrassinlide, humates, jasmonic acid or salts or derivatives thereof, lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine, naringenin, polymeric polyhydroxy acid,
  • abscisic acid amidochlor, ancymidol, 6-benzylaminopurine, brassinolide, butralin, chlormequat (chlormequat chloride), choline chloride, cyclanilide, daminozide, dikegulac, dimethipin, 2,6-dimethylpuridine, ethephon, flumetralin, flurprimidol, fluthiacet,
  • acetochlor alachlor, butachlor, dimethachlor, dimethenamid, flufenacet,
  • mefenacet metolachlor, metazachlor, napropamide, naproanilide, pethoxamid, pretilachlor, propachlor, thenylchlor;
  • EPTC esprocarb, molinate, orbencarb, phenmedipham, prosulfocarb, pyributicarb, thiobencarb, triallate;
  • cyclohexanediones butroxydim, clethodim, cycloxydim, profoxydim, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim, tralkoxydim;
  • dinitroanilines benfluralin, ethalfluralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine, trifluralin; diphenyl ethers: acifluorfen, aclonifen, bifenox, diclofop, ethoxyfen, fomesafen, lactofen, oxyfluorfen;
  • hydroxybenzonitriles bomoxynil, dichlobenil, ioxynil;
  • imidazolinones imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr;
  • phenoxy acetic acids clomeprop, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4-DB, dichlorprop, MCPA, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPB, Mecoprop;
  • pyrazines chloridazon, flufenpyr-ethyl, fluthiacet, norflurazon, pyridate;
  • pyridines aminopyralid, clopyralid, diflufenican, dithiopyr, fluridone, fluroxypyr, picloram, picolinafen, thiazopyr;
  • sulfonyl ureas amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flucetosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron, mesosulfuron, metazosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron, triasulfuron, tribenuron,
  • triazines ametryn, atrazine, cyanazine, dimethametryn, ethiozin, hexazinone, metamitron, metribuzin, prometryn, simazine, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, triaziflam;
  • ureas chlorotoluron, daimuron, diuron, fluometuron, isoproturon, linuron, metha- benzthiazuron,tebuthiuron;
  • acetolactate synthase inhibitors bispyribac-sodium, cloransulam-methyl, diclosulam, florasulam, flucarbazone, flumetsulam, metosulam, ortho-sulfamuron, penoxsulam, propoxycarbazone, pyribambenz-propyl, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrimisulfan, pyrithiobac, pyroxasulfone, pyroxsulam;
  • amicarbazone aminotriazole, anilofos, beflubutamid, benazolin,
  • organo(thio)phosphates acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos,
  • chlorpyrifos-methyl chlorfenvinphos, diazinon, dichlorvos, dicrotophos, dimethoate, disulfoton, ethion, fenitrothion, fenthion, isoxathion, malathion, methamidophos,
  • methidathion methidathion, methyl-parathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, oxydemeton-methyl, paraoxon, parathion, phenthoate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phorate, phoxim, pirimiphos- methyl, profenofos, prothiofos, sulprophos, tetrachlorvinphos, terbufos, triazophos, trichlorfon;
  • - pyrethroids allethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cyphenothrin, cypermethrin, alpha- cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, imiprothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, permethrin, prallethrin, pyrethrin I and II, resmethrin, silafluofen, tau-fluvalinate, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, profluthrin, dimefluthrin;
  • - insect growth regulators a) chitin synthesis inhibitors: benzoylureas: chlorfluazuron,
  • cyramazin diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron; buprofezin, diofenolan, hexythiazox, etoxazole, clofentazine; b) ecdysone antagonists: halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, azadirachtin; c) juvenoids: pyriproxyfen, methoprene, fenoxycarb; d) lipid biosynthesis inhibitors:
  • - nicotinic receptor agonists/antagonists compounds clothianidin, dinotefuran, flupyradifurone, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, 1 -2-chloro-thiazol-5- ylmethyl)-2-nitrimino-3,5-dimethyl-[1 ,3,5]triazinane;
  • - GABA antagonist compounds endosulfan, ethiprole, fipronil, vaniliprole, pyrafluprole,
  • - macrocyclic lactone insecticides abamectin, emamectin, milbemectin, lepimectin, spinosad, spinetoram;
  • oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors cyhexatin, diafenthiuron, fenbutatin oxide, propargite;
  • cryomazine cryomazine
  • the mixtures comprise as compounds III fungicidal compounds that are independently of each other selected from the groups A), C), D), E), F), G), I), J) and K), more preferably in combination with an organic acid such as citric acid, lactic acid or ascorbic acid.
  • mixtures comprise as compound III (component 3) at least one active substance selected from group C) and particularly selected from metalaxyl, (metalaxyl-M) mefenoxam, ofurace.
  • mixtures comprise as compound III (component 3) at least one active substance selected from group D) and particularly selected from benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, ethaboxam, fluopicolide, zoxamide, metrafenone, pyriofenone.
  • mixtures comprise as compound III (component 3) at least one active substance selected from group E) and particularly selected from cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil.
  • mixtures comprise as compound III (component 3) at least one active substance selected from group F) and particularly selected from iprodione, fludioxonil, vinclozolin, quinoxyfen.
  • mixtures comprise as compound III (component 3) at least one active substance selected from group G) and particularly selected from dimethomorph, flumorph, iprovalicarb, benthiavalicarb, mandipropamid, propamocarb.
  • mixtures comprise as compound III (component 3) at least one active substance selected from group I) and particularly selected from carpropamid and fenoxanil.
  • mixtures comprise as compound III (component 3) at least one active substance selected from group J) and particularly selected from acibenzolar-S-methyl, probenazole, tiadinil, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminium, H3PO3 and salts thereof.
  • mixtures comprise as compound III (component 3) at least one active substance selected from group K) and particularly selected from cymoxanil, proquinazid and A/-methyl-2- ⁇ 1 -[(5-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl)-acetyl]-piperidin-4-yl ⁇ -A/-[(1 R)- 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1 -yl]-4-thiazolecarboxamide.
  • mixtures and compositions according to the invention are suitable as fungicides. They are distinguished by an outstanding effectiveness against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi, including soil-borne fungi, which derive especially from the classes of the
  • Zygomycetes Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes (syn. Fungi imperfecti). Some are systemically effective and they can be used in crop protection as foliar fungicides, fungicides for seed dressing and soil fungicides. Moreover, they are suitable for controlling harmful fungi, which inter alia occur in wood or roots of plants.
  • the mixtures and compositions according to the invention are particularly important in the control of a multitude of phytopathogenic fungi on various cultivated plants, such as cereals, e. g. wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats or rice; beet, e. g. sugar beet or fodder beet; fruits, such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits, e. g.
  • cereals e. g. wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats or rice
  • beet e. g. sugar beet or fodder beet
  • fruits such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits, e. g.
  • the inventive mixtures and compositions are used for controlling a multitude of fungi on field crops, such as potatoes sugar beets, tobacco, wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, cotton, soybeans, rape, legumes, sunflowers, coffee or sugar cane; fruits; vines; ornamentals; or vegetables, such as cucumbers, tomatoes, beans or squashes.
  • plant propagation material is to be understood to denote all the generative parts of the plant such as seeds and vegetative plant material such as cuttings and tubers (e. g.
  • potatoes which can be used for the multiplication of the plant. This includes seeds, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, shoots, sprouts and other parts of plants, including seedlings and young plants, which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from soil.
  • These young plants may also be protected before transplantation by a total or partial treatment by immersion or pouring.
  • treatment of plant propagation materials with the inventive combination of the Quillay extract and compounds II and compositions thereof, respectively, is used for controlling a multitude of fungi on cereals, such as wheat, rye, barley and oats; rice, corn, cotton and soybeans.
  • cultiva plants is to be understood as including plants which have been modified by breeding, mutagenesis or genetic engineering including but not limiting to agricultural biotech products on the market or in development (cf. http://cera-gmc.org/, see GM crop database therein).
  • Genetically modified plants are plants, which genetic material has been so modified by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that under natural circumstances cannot readily be obtained by cross breeding, mutations or natural recombination.
  • one or more genes have been integrated into the genetic material of a genetically modified plant in order to improve certain properties of the plant.
  • Such genetic modifications also include but are not limited to targeted post-transtional modification of protein(s), oligo- or polypeptides e. g. by glycosylation or polymer additions such as prenylated, acetylated or farnesylated moieties or PEG moieties.
  • inventive mixtures and compositions are particularly suitable for controlling the following plant diseases:
  • Albugo spp. white rust
  • vegetables e. g. A. Candida
  • sunflowers e. g. A. tragopogonis
  • Altemaria spp. Alternaria leaf spot) on vegetables, rape (A. brassicola or brassicae), sugar beets (A. tenuis), fruits, rice, soybeans, potatoes (e. g. A. solani or A.
  • alternata tomatoes (e. g. A. solani or A. alternata) and wheat; Aphanomyces spp. on sugar beets and vegetables; Ascochyta spp. on cereals and vegetables, e. g. A. tritici (anthracnose) on wheat and A. hordei on barley; Bipolaris and Drechslera spp. (teleomorph: Cochliobolus spp.) on corn (e. g. D. maydis), cereals (e. g. B. sorokiniana: spot blotch), rice (e. g. B.
  • Ceratocystis (syn. Ophiostoma) spp. (rot or wilt) on broad-leaved trees and evergreens, e. g. C. ulmi (Dutch elm disease) on elms; Cercospora spp. (Cercospora leaf spots) on corn, rice, sugar beets (e. g. C. beticola), sugar cane, vegetables, coffee, soybeans (e. g. C. sojina or C. kikuchii) and rice; Cladosporium spp. on tomatoes (e. g. C. fulvum: leaf mold) and cereals, e. g. C.
  • herbarum black ear
  • Claviceps purpurea ergot
  • Cochliobolus anamorph: Helminthosporium of Bipolaris
  • spp. leaf spots
  • corn C. carbonum
  • cereals e. g. C. sativus, anamorph: B. sorokiniana
  • rice e. g. C. miyabeanus, anamorph: H.
  • teleomorph Nectria or Neonectria spp.
  • fruit trees canker or young vine decline
  • teleomorph Nectria or Neonectria spp.
  • fruit trees canker or young vine decline
  • teleomorph Nectria or Neonectria spp.
  • vines e. g. C. liriodendri
  • teleomorph Neonectria liriodendri Black Foot Disease
  • Dematophora teleomorph: Rosellinia necatrix (root and stem rot) on soybeans
  • Diaporthe spp. e. g. D. phaseolorum (damping off) on soybeans
  • Drechslera serchslera
  • Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (earlier Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporum)
  • fujikuroi Bakanae disease
  • G. gossypii Gossypii on cotton
  • Grainstaining complex on rice Guignardia bidwellii (black rot) on vines
  • Helminthosporium spp. (syn. Drechslera, teleomorph: Cochliobolus) on corn, cereals and rice; Hemileia spp., e. g. H.
  • Monilinia spp. e. g. M. laxa, M. fructicola and M. fructigena (bloom and twig blight, brown rot) on stone fruits and other rosaceous plants; Mycosphaerella spp. on cereals, bananas, soft fruits and ground nuts, such as e. g. M. graminicola (anamorph: Septoria tritici, Septoria blotch) on wheat; Peronospora spp. (downy mildew) on cabbage (e. g. P. brassicae), rape (e. g. P.
  • phaseoli, teleomorph Diaporthe phaseolorum
  • Physoderma maydis brown spots
  • Phytophthora spp. wilt, root, leaf, fruit and stem root
  • various plants such as paprika and cucurbits (e. g. P. capsici), soybeans (e. g. P. megasperma, syn. P. sojae), potatoes and tomatoes (e. g. P. infestans: late blight) and broad-leaved trees (e. g. P. ramorum: sudden oak death);
  • Plasmodiophora brassicae club root
  • cabbage rape, radish and other plants
  • Plasmopara spp. e.
  • Drechslera tritici-repentis (tan spot) on wheat or P. feres (net blotch) on barley; Pyricularia spp., e. g. P. oryzae (teleomorph: Magnaporthe grisea, rice blast) on rice and P. grisea on turf and cereals; Pythium spp. (damping-off) on turf, rice, corn, wheat, cotton, rape, sunflowers, soybeans, sugar beets, vegetables and various other plants (e. g. P. ultimum or P. aphani- dermatum); Ramularia spp., e. g. R.
  • collo-cygni Roso-cygni (Ramularia leaf spots, Physiological leaf spots) on barley and R. beticola on sugar beets; Rhizoctonia spp. on cotton, rice, potatoes, turf, corn, rape, potatoes, sugar beets, vegetables and various other plants, e. g. R. solani (root and stem rot) on soybeans, R. solani (sheath blight) on rice or R.
  • Leptosphaeria [syn. Phaeosphaeria] nodorum) on wheat; Synchytrium endobioticum on potatoes (potato wart disease); Taphrina spp., e. g. T. deformans (leaf curl disease) on peaches and T. pruni (plum pocket) on plums; Thielaviopsis spp. (black root rot) on tobacco, pome fruits, vegetables, soybeans and cotton, e. g. T. basicola (syn. Chalara elegans); Tilletia spp.
  • Bacteria pathogenic for plants are responsible for devastating losses in agriculture.
  • the use of antibiotics to control such infections is restricted in many countries due to worries over the evolution and transmission of antibiotic resistance.
  • the mixtures and compositions according to the invention are also suitable as bactericides. They are distinguished by an outstanding effectiveness against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic bacteria, including soil-borne bacteria, which derive especially from the genera of Agrobacterium, Clavibacter, Corynebacterium, Erwinia, Leifsonia, Pectobacterium,
  • Xanthomonas e.g. Xanthomonas oryzae causing bacterial blight on rice
  • Xylella preferably Erwinia; even more preferably Erwinia amylovora causing fire blight on apples, pears and other memb er of the family Rosaceae.
  • mixtures and compositions of the present invention are effective against plant pathogens in speciality crops such as vine, fruits, hop, vegetables and tabacco.
  • the mixtures according to the present inventino and compositions thereof, respectively, are also suitable for controlling harmful fungi in the protection of stored products or harvest and in the protection of materials.
  • the term "protection of materials” is to be understood to denote the protection of technical and non-living materials, such as adhesives, glues, wood, paper and paperboard, textiles, leather, paint dispersions, plastics, colling lubricants, fiber or fabrics, against the infestation and destruction by harmful microorganisms, such as fungi and bacteria.
  • Ascomycetes such as Ophiostoma spp., Ceratocystis spp., Aureobasidium pullu- lans, Sclerophoma spp., Chaetomium spp., Humicola spp., Petriella spp., Trichurus spp.;
  • Basidiomycetes such as Coniophora spp., Coriolus spp., Gloeophyllum spp., Lentinus spp., Pleurotus spp., Poria spp., Serpula spp. and Tyromyces spp., Deuteromycetes such as
  • Aspergillus spp. Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp., Trichorma spp., Alternaria spp.,
  • Paecilomyces spp. and Zygomycetes such as Mucor spp., and in addition in the protection of stored products and harvest the following yeast fungi are worthy of note: Candida spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisae.
  • the mixtures and compositions according to the invention are particularly important in the control of a multitude of phytopathogenic insects or other pests (e.g. lepidopterans, beetles, dipterans, thrips, heteropterans, hemiptera, homoptera, termites, orthopterans, arachnids, and nematodes) on various cultivated plants, such as cereals, e. g. wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats or rice; beet, e. g. sugar beet or fodder beet; fruits, such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits, e. g.
  • insects or other pests e.g. lepidopterans, beetles, dipterans, thrips, heteropterans, hemiptera, homoptera, termites, orthopterans, arachnids, and nematodes
  • various cultivated plants such as cereals, e
  • vegetables such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, cucurbits or paprika; lauraceous plants, such as avocados, cinnamon or camphor; energy and raw material plants, such as corn, soybean, rape, sugar cane or oil palm; corn; tobacco; nuts; coffee; tea; bananas; vines (table grapes and grape juice grape vines); hop; turf; natural rubber plants or ornamental and forestry plants, such as flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees or evergreens, e. g. conifers; and on the plant propagation material, such as seeds, and the crop material of these plants.
  • lauraceous plants such as avocados, cinnamon or camphor
  • energy and raw material plants such as corn, soybean, rape, sugar cane or oil palm
  • corn tobacco
  • nuts coffee
  • bananas vines (table grapes and grape juice grape vines)
  • hop turf
  • natural rubber plants or ornamental and forestry plants such as flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees
  • inventive mixtures and compositions are used for controlling a multitude of pests on field crops, such as potatoes sugar beets, tobacco, wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, cotton, soybeans, rape, legumes, sunflowers, coffee or sugar cane; fruits; vines; ornamentals; or vegetables, such as cucumbers, tomatoes, beans or squashes.
  • field crops such as potatoes sugar beets, tobacco, wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, cotton, soybeans, rape, legumes, sunflowers, coffee or sugar cane; fruits; vines; ornamentals; or vegetables, such as cucumbers, tomatoes, beans or squashes.
  • inventive mixtures and the compositions thereof, respectively, are particularly suitable for controlling the following harmful insects from the order of the
  • lepidopterans for example Agrotis ypsilon, Agrotis segetum, Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Argyresthia conjugella, Autographa gamma, Bupalus piniarius, Cacoecia murinana, Capua reticulana, Cheimatobia brumata, Choristoneura fumiferana, Choristoneura occidentalis, Cirphis unipuncta, Cydia pomonella, Dendrolimus pini, Diaphania nitidalis, Diatraea grandiosella, Earias insulana, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Eupoecilia ambiguella, Evetria bouliana, Feltia subterranea, Galleria mellonella, Grapholitha funebrana, Grapholitha molesta, Heliothis armigera, Heliothis viresc
  • dipterans diptera
  • Aedes aegypti dipterans
  • Aedes vexans dipterans
  • Anastrepha ludens dipterans
  • Thrips e.g. Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella tritici, Scirtothrips citri, Thrips oryzae, Thrips pa Imi and Thrips tabaci,
  • hymenopterans e.g. Acromyrmex ambuguus, Acromyrmex crassispinus, Acromyrmex heiery, Acromyrmex landolti, Acromyrmex subterraneus, Athalia rosae, Atta capiguara, Atta cephalotes, Atta laevigata, Atta robusta, Atta sexdens, Atta texana,
  • Acromyrmex ambuguus e.g. Acromyrmex ambuguus, Acromyrmex crassispinus, Acromyrmex heiery, Acromyrmex landolti, Acromyrmex subterraneus, Athalia rosae, Atta capiguara, Atta cephalotes, Atta laevigata, Atta robusta, Atta sexdens, Atta texana
  • Heteroptera e.g. Acrosternum hilare, Blissus leucopterus, Cyrtopeltis notatus, Dichelops furcatus, Dysdercus cingulatus, Dysdercus intermedius, Euchistos heros, Eurygaster integriceps, Euschistus impictiventris, Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lygus lineolaris, Lygus pratensis, Nezara viridula, Piesma quadrata, Piezodorus guildini, Solubea insularis and Thyanta perditor,
  • Heteroptera e.g. Acrosternum hilare, Blissus leucopterus, Cyrtopeltis notatus, Dichelops furcatus, Dysdercus cingulatus, Dysdercus intermedius, Euchistos heros, Eurygaster integriceps, Euschistus im
  • Hemiptera and Homoptera e.g. Acrosternum hilare, Blissus leucopterus, Cyrtopeltis notatus, Diaphorina citri, Dysdercus cingulatus, Dysdercus intermedius, Eurygaster integriceps,
  • Aulacorthum solani Brachycaudus cardui, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Brachycaudus persicae, Brachycaudus prunicola, Brevicoryne brassicae, Capitophorus horni, Cerosipha gossypii, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Cryptomyzus ribis, Dreyfusia nordmannianae, Dreyfusia piceae, Dysaphis radicola, Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani, Dysaphis plantaginea, Dysaphis pyri, Empoasca fabae, Hyalopterus pruni, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Macrosiphum avenae,
  • Macrosiphum euphorbiae Macrosiphon rosae, Megoura viciae, Melanaphis pyrarius,
  • Isoptera e.g. Calotermes flavicollis, Cornitermes cumulans, Heterotermes tenuis, Leucotermes flavipes, Neocapritemes opacus, Procomitermes triacifer; Reticulitermes lucifugus, Syntermes molestus, and Termes natalensis,
  • orthopterans e.g. Acheta domestica, Blatta orientalis, Blattella germanica, Forficula auricularia, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Locusta migratoria, Melanoplus bivittatus,
  • Schistocerca peregrina Stauronotus maroccanus and Tachycines asynamorus
  • Arachnoidea such as arachnids, e.g. of the families Argasidae, Ixodidae and Sarcoptidae, such as Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma variegatum, Argas persicus, Boophilus annulatus, Boophilus decoloratus, Boophilus microplus, Dermacentor silvarum, Hyalomma truncatum, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes rubicundus, Ornithodorus moubata, Otobius megnini, Dermanyssus gallinae, Psoroptes ovis, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus evertsi, Sarcoptes scabiei, and Eriophyidae spp. such as Aculus pointedendali, Phy
  • Tenuipalpidae spp. such as Brevipalpus phoenicis
  • Tetranychidae spp. such as Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus kanzawai, Tetranychus pacificus, Tetranychus telarius and Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Panonychus citri, and
  • inventive mixtures are suitable for combating pests of the orders Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Thysanoptera, Homoptera, Isoptera, and Orthoptera.
  • Meloidogyne hapla Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica and other Meloidogyne species; cyst nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis, Globodera pallida, Globodera tabacum and other Globodera species, Heterodera avenae, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera schachtii, Heterodera trifolii, and other Heterodera species; seed gall nematodes, Anguina funesta, Anguina tritici and other Anguina species; stem and foliar nematodes, Aphelenchoides besseyi, Aphelenchoides fragariae, Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi and other Aphelenchoides species; sting nematodes, Belonolaimus longicaudatus and other Belonolaimus species; pine
  • nematodes Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and other Bursaphelenchus species; ring nematodes, Criconema species, Criconemella species, Criconemoides species, and Mesocriconema species; stem and bulb nematodes, Ditylenchus destructor, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Ditylenchus myceliophagus and other Ditylenchus species; awl nematodes, Dolichodorus species; spiral nematodes, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Helicotylenchus multicinctus and other Helicotylenchus species, Rotylenchus robustus and other Rotylenchus species; sheath nematodes,
  • Hemicycliophora species and Hemicriconemoides species Hirshmanniella species; lance nematodes, Hoplolaimus columbus, Hoplolaimus galeatus and other Hoplolaimus species; false root-knot nematodes, Nacobbus aberrans and other Nacobbus species; needle nematodes, Longidorus elongates and other Longidorus species; pin nematodes, Paratylenchus species; lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus coffeae, Pratylenchus curvitatus, Pratylenchus goodeyi, Pratylencus neglectus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus scribneri, Pratylenchus vulnus, Pratylenchus zeae and other Pratylenchus species; Radinaphelenchus cocophilus
  • Rotylenchulus species Scutellonema species; stubby root nematodes, Trichodorus primitivus and other Trichodorus species; Paratrichodorus minor and other Paratrichodorus species; stunt nematodes, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, Tylenchorhynchus dubius and other Tylenchorhynchus species and Merlinius species; citrus nematodes, Tylenchulus semipenetrans and other Tylenchulus species; dagger nematodes, Xiphinema americanum, Xiphinema index, Xiphinema diversicaudatum and other Xiphinema species; and other plant parasitic nematode species Plant propagation materials may be treated with the mixtures and compositions of the invention prophylactically either at or before planting or transplanting.
  • the invention also relates to agrochemical compositions comprising an auxiliary and at least a water-based Quillay extract and a water-based Acacia negra extract according to the invention.
  • An agrochemical composition comprises a fungicidally or insecticidally effective amount of a water-based Quillay extract and a water-based Acacia negra extract.
  • effective amount denotes an amount of the composition or of the water-based Quillay extract and the Acacia negra extract, which is sufficient for controlling harmful fungi or harmful pests on cultivated plants or in the protection of materials and which does not result in a substantial damage to the treated plants.
  • Such an amount can vary in a broad range and is dependent on various factors, such as the fungal or pest species to be controlled, the treated cultivated plant or material, the climatic conditions.
  • the mixtures comprising a water-based Quillay extract and a water-based Acacia negra extract and the compositions thereof, respectively, are also particularly suitable for controlling the following harmful insects from the order of the
  • lepidopterans for example Agrotis ypsilon, Agrotis segetum, Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Argyresthia conjugella, Autographa gamma, Bupalus piniarius, Cacoecia murinana, Capua reticulana, Cheimatobia brumata, Choristoneura fumiferana, Choristoneura occidentalis, Cirphis unipuncta, Cydia pomonella, Dendrolimus pini, Diaphania nitidalis, Diatraea grandiosella, Earias insulana, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Eupoecilia ambiguella, Evetria bou liana, Feltia subterranea, Galleria mellonella, Grapholitha funebrana, Grapholitha molesta, Heliothis armigera, Heliothis vir
  • dipterans diptera
  • Aedes aegypti dipterans
  • Aedes vexans dipterans
  • Anastrepha ludens dipterans
  • Thrips e.g. Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella tritici, Scirtothrips citri, Thrips oryzae, Thrips pa Imi and Thrips tabaci,
  • hymenopterans e.g. Acromyrmex ambuguus, Acromyrmex crassispinus, Acromyrmex heiery, Acromyrmex landolti, Acromyrmex subterraneus, Athalia rosae, Atta capiguara, Atta cephalotes, Atta laevigata, Atta robusta, Atta sexdens, Atta texana,
  • Acromyrmex ambuguus e.g. Acromyrmex ambuguus, Acromyrmex crassispinus, Acromyrmex heiery, Acromyrmex landolti, Acromyrmex subterraneus, Athalia rosae, Atta capiguara, Atta cephalotes, Atta laevigata, Atta robusta, Atta sexdens, Atta texana
  • Heteroptera e.g. Acrosternum hilare, Blissus leucopterus, Cyrtopeltis notatus, Dichelops furcatus, Dysdercus cingulatus, Dysdercus intermedius, Euchistos heros, Eurygaster integriceps, Euschistus impictiventris, Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lygus lineolaris, Lygus pratensis, Nezara viridula, Piesma quadrata, Piezodorus guildini, Solubea insularis and Thyanta perditor,
  • Heteroptera e.g. Acrosternum hilare, Blissus leucopterus, Cyrtopeltis notatus, Dichelops furcatus, Dysdercus cingulatus, Dysdercus intermedius, Euchistos heros, Eurygaster integriceps, Euschistus im
  • Hemiptera and Homoptera e.g. Acrosternum hilare, Blissus leucopterus, Cyrtopeltis notatus, Diaphorina citri, Dysdercus cingulatus, Dysdercus intermedius, Eurygaster integriceps,
  • Aulacorthum solani Brachycaudus cardui, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Brachycaudus persicae, Brachycaudus prunicola, Brevicoryne brassicae, Capitophorus horni, Cerosipha gossypii, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Cryptomyzus ribis, Dreyfusia nordmannianae, Dreyfusia piceae, Dysaphis radicola, Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani, Dysaphis plantaginea, Dysaphis pyri, Empoasca fabae, Hyalopterus pruni, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Macrosiphum avenae,
  • Macrosiphum euphorbiae Macrosiphon rosae, Megoura viciae, Melanaphis pyrarius,
  • Calotermes flavicollis Comitermes cumulans, Heterotermes tenuis, Leucotermes flavipes, Neocapritemes opacus, Procomitermes triacifer; Reticulitermes lucifugus, Syntermes molestus, and Termes natalensis,
  • orthopterans e.g. Acheta domestica, Blatta orientalis, Blattella germanica, Forficula auricularia, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Locusta migratoria, Melanoplus bivittatus,
  • Schistocerca peregrina Stauronotus maroccanus and Tachycines asynamorus
  • Arachnoidea such as arachnids, e.g. of the families Argasidae, Ixodidae and Sarcoptidae, such as Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma variegatum, Argas persicus, Boophilus annulatus, Boophilus decoloratus, Boophilus microplus, Dermacentor silvarum, Hyalomma truncatum, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes rubicundus, Ornithodorus moubata, Otobius megnini,
  • Dermanyssus gallinae, Psoroptes ovis, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus evertsi, Sarcoptes scabiei, and Eriophyidae spp. such as Aculus Westendali, Phyllocoptrata oleivora and Eriophyes sheldoni; Tarsonemidae spp. such as Phytonemus pallidus and
  • Tenuipalpidae spp. such as Brevipalpus phoenicis
  • Tetranychidae spp. such as Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus kanzawai, Tetranychus pacificus
  • inventive mixtures are suitable for combating pests of the orders Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Thysanoptera, Homoptera, Isoptera, and Orthoptera.
  • the inventive mixtures are also suitable for controlling the following plant parasitic
  • nematodes such as Meloidogyne, Globodera, Heterodera, Radopholus, Rotylenchulus,
  • inventive mixtures are particularly suitable for controlling the following plant parasitic nematodes such as root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne chitwoodi, Meloidogyne exigua, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica and other Meloidogyne species; cyst nematodes, Globodera
  • rostochiensis Globodera pallida, Globodera tabacum and other Globodera species, Heterodera avenae, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera schachtii, Heterodera trifolii, and other Heterodera species; seed gall nematodes, Anguina funesta, Anguina tritici and other Anguina species; stem and foliar nematodes, Aphelenchoides besseyi, Aphelenchoides fragariae, Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi and other Aphelenchoides species; sting nematodes, Belonolaimus longicaudatus and other Belonolaimus species; pine nematodes, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and other Bursaphelenchus species; ring nematodes, Criconema species, Criconemella species,
  • Criconemoides species, and Mesocriconema species stem and bulb nematodes, Ditylenchus destructor, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Ditylenchus myceliophagus and other Ditylenchus species; awl nematodes, Dolichodorus species; spiral nematodes, Helicotylenchus dihystera,
  • Hemicriconemoides species Hirshmanniella species; lance nematodes, Hoplolaimus columbus, Hoplolaimus galeatus and other Hoplolaimus species; false root-knot nematodes, Nacobbus aberrans and other Nacobbus species; needle nematodes, Longidorus elongates and other Longidorus species; pin nematodes, Paratylenchus species; lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus coffeae, Pratylenchus curvitatus, Pratylenchus goodeyi, Pratylencus neglectus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus scribneri, Pratylenchus vulnus, Pratylenchus zeae and other Pratylenchus species; Radinaphelenchus cocophilus and other
  • Radinaphelenchus species burrowing nematodes, Radopholus similis and other Radopholus species; reniform nematodes, Rotylenchulus reniformis and other Rotylenchulus species;
  • Tylenchorhynchus claytoni Tylenchorhynchus dubius and other Tylenchorhynchus species and Merlinius species
  • citrus nematodes Tylenchulus semipenetrans and other Tylenchulus species
  • dagger nematodes Xiphinema americanum, Xiphinema index, Xiphinema
  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling animal pests (insects, acarids or nematodes), wherein the animal pests (insects, acarids or nematodes), their habitat, breeding grounds, their locus or the plants to be protected against animal pest (insects, acarids or nematodes) attack are treated with an effective amount of an inventive mixture comprising the Quillay extract and biopesticide II.
  • the present invention relates to a method for improving the health of plants, wherein the plants are treated with an effective amount of an inventive mixture.
  • pesticidally effective amount means the amount of the inventive mixtures or of compositions comprising the mixtures needed to achieve an observable effect on growth, including the effects of necrosis, death, retardation, prevention, and removal, destruction, or otherwise diminishing the occurrence and activity of the target organism.
  • the pesticidally effective amount can vary for the various mixtures / compositions used in the invention.
  • a pesticidally effective amount of the mixtures / compositions will also vary according to the prevailing conditions such as desired pesticidal effect and duration, weather, target species, locus, mode of application, and the like.
  • plant health effective amount denotes an amount of the inventive mixtures, which is sufficient for achieving plant health effects as defined herein below. More exemplary information about amounts, ways of application and suitable ratios to be used is given below. Again, the skilled artisan is well aware of the fact that such an amount can vary in a broad range and is dependent on various factors, e.g. the treated cultivated plant or material and the climatic conditions.
  • Healthier plants are desirable since they result among others in better yields and/or a better quality of the plants or crops, specifically better quality of the harvested plant parts. Healthier plants also better resist to biotic and/or abiotic stress. A high resistance against biotic stresses in turn allows the person skilled in the art to reduce the quantity of pesticides applied and consequently to slow down the development of resistances against the respective pesticides.
  • health of a plant or "plant health” is defined as a condition of the plant and/or its products which is determined by several aspects alone or in combination with each other such as increased yield, plant vigor, quality of harvested plant parts and tolerance to abiotic and/or biotic stress. It has to be emphasized that the above mentioned effects of the inventive mixtures, i.e. enhanced health of the plant, are also present when the plant is not under biotic stress and in particular when the plant is not under pest pressure.
  • Each plant health indicator listed below which is selected from the groups consisting of yield, plant vigor, quality and tolerance of the plant to abiotic and/or biotic stress, is to be understood as a preferred embodiment of the present invention either each on its own or preferably in combination with each other.
  • "increased yield" of a plant means that the yield of a product of the respective plant is increased by a measurable amount over the yield of the same product of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the inventive mixture.
  • increased yield can be characterized, among others, by the following improved properties of the plant: increased plant weight; and/or increased plant height; and/or increased biomass such as higher overall fresh weight (FW); and/or increased number of flowers per plant; and/or higher grain and/or fruit yield ; and/or more tillers or side shoots (branches); and/or larger leaves; and/or increased shoot growth; and/or increased protein content; and/or increased oil content; and/or increased starch content; and/or increased pigment content; and/or increased chlorophyll content (chlorophyll content has a positive correlation with the plant' s photosynthesis rate and accordingly, the higher the chlorophyll content the higher the yield of a plant) and/or increased quality of a plant.
  • Gram and “fruit” are to be understood as any plant product which is further utilized after harvesting, e.g. fruits in the proper sense, vegetables, nuts, grains, seeds, wood (e.g. in the case of silviculture plants), flowers (e.g. in the case of gardening plants, ornamentals) etc., that is anything of economic value that is produced by the plant.
  • the yield is increased by at least 4%.
  • the yield increase may even be higher, for example 5 to 10 %, more preferable by 10 to 20 %, or even 20 to 30 %
  • the yield - if measured in the absence of pest pressure - is increased by at least 2 %
  • the yield increase may even be higher, for example until 4% to 5% or even more.
  • the plant vigor becomes manifest in several aspects such as the general visual appearance.
  • improved plant vigor can be characterized, among others, by the following improved properties of the plant: improved vitality of the plant; and/or improved plant growth; and/or improved plant development; and/or improved visual appearance; and/or improved plant stand (less plant verse/lodging and/or bigger leaf blade; and/or bigger size; and/or increased plant height; and/or increased tiller number; and/or increased number of side shoots; and/or increased number of flowers per plant; and/or increased shoot growth; and/or enhanced photosynthetic activity (e.g.
  • enhanced quality means that certain plant characteristics such as the content or composition of certain ingredients are increased or improved by a measurable or noticeable amount over the same factor of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the mixtures of the present invention.
  • Enhanced quality can be characterized, among others, by following improved properties of the plant or its product: increased nutrient content; and/or increased protein content; and/or increased oil content;
  • starch content and/or increased content of fatty acids; and/or increased metabolite content; and/or increased carotenoid content; and/or increased sugar content; and/or increased amount of essential amino acids; and/or improved nutrient composition; and/or improved protein composition; and/or improved composition of fatty acids; and/or improved metabolite composition; and/or improved carotenoid composition; and/or improved sugar composition; and/or improved amino acids composition ; and/or improved or optimal fruit color; and/or improved leaf color; and/or higher storage capacity; and/or better processability of the harvested products.
  • Another indicator for the condition of the plant is the plant's tolerance or resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress factors. Biotic and abiotic stress, especially over longer terms, can have harmful effects on plants.
  • Biotic stress is caused by living organisms while abiotic stress is caused for example by environmental extremes.
  • "enhanced tolerance or resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress factors” means (1.) that certain negative factors caused by biotic and/or abiotic stress are diminished in a measurable or noticeable amount as compared to plants exposed to the same conditions, but without being treated with an inventive mixture and (2.) that the negative effects are not diminished by a direct action of the inventive mixture on the stress factors, e.g. by its fungicidal or insecticidal action which directly destroys the
  • Negative factors caused by biotic stress such as pathogens and pests are widely known and are caused by living organisms, such as competing plants (for example weeds), microorganisms (such as phythopathogenic fungi and/or bacteria) and/or viruses.
  • Negative factors caused by abiotic stress are also well-known and can often be observed as reduced plant vigor (see above), for example: less yield and/or less vigor, for both effects examples can be burned leaves, less flowers, pre-mature ripening, later crop maturity, reduced nutritional value amongst others.
  • Abiotic stress can be caused for example by: extremes in temperature such as heat or cold (heat stress / cold stress); and/or strong variations in temperature; and/or temperatures unusual for the specific season; and/or drought (drought stress); and/or extreme wetness; and/or high salinity (salt stress); and/or radiation (for example by increased UV radiation due to the decreasing ozone layer); and/or increased ozone levels (ozone stress); and/or organic pollution (for example by phythotoxic amounts of pesticides); and/or inorganic pollution (for example by heavy metal contaminants).
  • extremes in temperature such as heat or cold (heat stress / cold stress); and/or strong variations in temperature; and/or temperatures unusual for the specific season; and/or drought (drought stress); and/or extreme wetness; and/or high salinity (salt stress); and/or radiation (for example by increased UV radiation due to the decreasing ozone layer); and/or increased ozone levels (ozone stress); and/or organic pollution (for example by
  • the above identified indicators for the health condition of a plant may be interdependent and may result from each other.
  • an increased resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress may lead to a better plant vigor, e.g. to better and bigger crops, and thus to an increased yield.
  • a more developed root system may result in an increased resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress.
  • these interdependencies and interactions are neither all known nor fully understood and therefore the different indicators are described separately.
  • inventive mixtures effectuate an increased yield of a plant or its product. In another embodiment the inventive mixtures effectuate an increased vigor of a plant or its product. In another embodiment the inventive mixtures effectuate in an increased quality of a plant or its product. In yet another embodiment the inventive mixtures effectuate an increased tolerance and/or resistance of a plant or its product against biotic stress. In yet another embodiment the inventive mixtures effectuate an increased tolerance and/or resistance of a plant or its product against abiotic stress.
  • the Quillay extract and the Acacia negra extract can be converted into customary types of agrochemical compositions, e. g. solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes, granules, pressings, capsules, and mixtures thereof.
  • agrochemical compositions e.g. solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes, granules, pressings, capsules, and mixtures thereof.
  • composition types are suspensions (e.g. SC, OD, FS), emulsifiable concentrates (e.g. EC), emulsions (e.g. EW, EO, ES, ME), capsules (e.g. CS, ZC), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or dusts (e.g. WP, SP, WS, DP, DS), pressings (e.g.
  • compositions types are defined in the "Catalogue of pesticide formulation types and international coding system", Technical
  • compositions are prepared in a known manner, such as described by Mollet and Grubemann, Formulation technology, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2001 ; or Knowles, New
  • Suitable auxiliaries are solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetters, adjuvants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, adhesion agents, thickeners, humectants, repellents, attractants, feeding stimulants, compatibilizers, bactericides, anti-freezing agents, anti-foaming agents, colorants, tackifiers and binders.
  • Suitable solvents and liquid carriers are water and organic solvents, such as mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, e.g. kerosene, diesel oil; oils of vegetable or animal origin; aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, e. g. toluene, paraffin,
  • tetrahydronaphthalene alkylated naphthalenes
  • alcohols e.g. ethanol, propanol, butanol, benzylalcohol, cyclohexanol
  • glycols DMSO
  • ketones e.g. cyclohexanone
  • esters e.g. lactates, carbonates, fatty acid esters, gamma-butyrolactone
  • fatty acids phosphonates
  • amines amides, e.g. N-methylpyrrolidone, fatty acid dimethylamides; and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable solid carriers or fillers are mineral earths, e.g. silicates, silica gels, talc, kaolins, limestone, lime, chalk, clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide; polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch; fertilizers, e.g. ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas; products of vegetable origin, e.g. cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal, nutshell meal, and mixtures thereof.
  • mineral earths e.g. silicates, silica gels, talc, kaolins, limestone, lime, chalk, clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide
  • polysaccharides e.g. cellulose, starch
  • fertilizers
  • Suitable surfactants are surface-active compounds, such as anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants, block polymers, polyelectrolytes, and mixtures thereof. Such surfactants can be used as emusifier, dispersant, solubilizer, wetter, penetration enhancer, protective colloid, or adjuvant. Examples of surfactants are listed in McCutcheon' s, Vol.1 : Emulsifiers & Detergents, McCutcheon' s Directories, Glen Rock, USA, 2008 (International Ed. or North American Ed.).
  • Suitable anionic surfactants are alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium salts of sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, carboxylates, and mixtures thereof.
  • sulfonates are alkylarylsulfonates, diphenylsulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, lignine sulfonates, sulfonates of fatty acids and oils, sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfonates of alkoxylated
  • tridecylbenzenes sulfonates of naphthalenes and alkylnaphthalenes, sulfosuccinates or sulfosuccinamates.
  • sulfates are sulfates of fatty acids and oils, of ethoxylated alkylphenols, of alcohols, of ethoxylated alcohols, or of fatty acid esters.
  • phosphates are phosphate esters.
  • carboxylates are alkyl carboxylates, and carboxylated alcohol or alkylphenol ethoxylates.
  • Suitable nonionic surfactants are alkoxylates, N-subsituted fatty acid amides, amine oxides, esters, sugar-based surfactants, polymeric surfactants, and mixtures thereof.
  • alkoxylates are compounds such as alcohols, alkylphenols, amines, amides, arylphenols, fatty acids or fatty acid esters which have been alkoxylated with 1 to 50 equivalents.
  • Ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide may be employed for the alkoxylation, preferably ethylene oxide.
  • N-subsititued fatty acid amides are fatty acid glucamides or fatty acid
  • alkanolamides examples include esters, fatty acid esters, glycerol esters or monoglycerides.
  • sugar-based surfactants are sorbitans, ethoxylated sorbitans, sucrose and glucose esters or alkylpolyglucosides.
  • polymeric surfactants are home- or copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, vinylalcohols, or vinylacetate.
  • Suitable cationic surfactants are quaternary surfactants, for example quaternary ammonium compounds with one or two hydrophobic groups, or salts of long-chain primary amines.
  • Suitable amphoteric surfactants are alkylbetains and imidazolines.
  • Suitable block polymers are block polymers of the A-B or A-B-A type comprising blocks of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, or of the A-B-C type comprising alkanol, polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide.
  • Suitable polyelectrolytes are polyacids or polybases. Examples of polyacids are alkali salts of polyacrylic acid or polyacid comb polymers. Examples of polybases are polyvinylamines or polyethyleneamines.
  • Suitable adjuvants are compounds, which have a neglectable or even no pesticidal activity themselves, and which improve the biological performance of the active ingredient on the target.
  • examples are surfactants, mineral or vegetable oils, and other auxilaries. Further examples are listed by Knowles, Adjuvants and additives, Agrow Reports DS256, T&F Informa UK, 2006, chapter 5.
  • Suitable thickeners are polysaccharides (e.g. xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose), anorganic clays (organically modified or unmodified), polycarboxylates, and silicates.
  • Suitable bactericides are bronopol and isothiazolinone derivatives such as alkyliso- thiazolinones and benzisothiazolinones.
  • Suitable anti-freezing agents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea and glycerin.
  • Suitable anti-foaming agents are silicones, long chain alcohols, and salts of fatty acids.
  • Suitable colorants e.g. in red, blue, or green
  • Suitable colorants are pigments of low water solubility and water-soluble dyes. Examples are inorganic colorants (e.g. iron oxide, titan oxide, iron hexacyanoferrate) and organic colorants (e.g. alizarin-, azo- and phthalocyanine colorants).
  • Suitable tackifiers or binders are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylacetates, polyvinyl alcohols, polyacrylates, biological or synthetic waxes, and cellulose
  • Microbial pesticides comprising (entomopathogenic) nematodes can be mass prepared as for use as biopesticides using in vivo or in vitro methods (Shapiro-Nan and Gaugler 2002).
  • In vivo production (culture in live insect hosts) requires a low level of technology, has low startup costs, and resulting nematode quality is generally high, yet cost efficiency is low. The approach can be considered ideal for small markets. In vivo production may be improved through innovations in mechanization and streamlining.
  • a novel alternative approach to in vivo methodology is production and application of nematodes in infected host cadavers; the cadavers (with nematodes developing inside) are distributed directly to the target site and pest suppression is subsequently achieved by the infective juveniles that emerge.
  • In vitro solid culture i.e., growing the nematodes on crumbled polyurethane foam, offers an intermediate level of technology and costs.
  • In vitro liquid culture is the most cost- efficient production method but requires the largest startup capital. Liquid culture may be improved through progress in media development, nematode recovery, and bioreactor design.
  • a variety of formulations have been developed to facilitate nematode storage and application including activated charcoal, alginate and polyacrylamide gels, baits, clay, paste, peat, polyurethane sponge, vermiculite, and water-dispersible granules.
  • successful storage under refrigeration ranges from one to seven months.
  • Optimum storage temperature for formulated nematodes varies according to species; generally, steinernematids tend to store best at 4-8 °C whereas heterorhabditids persist better at 10-15 °C.
  • Nematodes are formulated and applied as infective juveniles, the only free-living and therefore environmentally tolerant stage.
  • Infective juveniles range from 0.4 to 1.5 mm in length and can be observed with a hand lens or microscope after separation from formulation materials.
  • Disturbed nematodes move actively, however sedentary ambusher species (e.g. Steinemema carpocapsae, S. scapterisci) in water soon revert to a characteristic "J"-shaped resting position.
  • Low temperature or oxygen levels will inhibit movement of even active cruiser species (e.g., S. glaseri, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora).
  • lack of movement is not always a sign of mortality; nematodes may have to be stimulated (e.g., probes, acetic acid, gentle heat) to move before assessing viability.
  • Infective juveniles are compatible with most but not all agricultural chemicals under field conditions. Compatibility has been tested with well over 100 different chemical pesticides. Entomopathogenic nematodes are compatible (e.g., may be tank-mixed) with most chemical herbicides and fungicides as well as many insecticides (such as bacterial or fungal products) (Koppenhofer and Grewal, 2005).
  • the solid material (dry matter) of the Quillay extract and the biopesticides are considered as active components (e.g. to be obtained after drying or evaporation of the extraction medium or the suspension medium in case of liquid formulations of the microbial pesticides).
  • weight ratios and percentages used herein for the Quillay extract and/or other biological extracts are based on the total weight of the dry content (solid material) of the respective extract(s).
  • weight ratios and/or percentages refer to the total weight of a preparation of the respective biopesticide II with at least 1 x 10 6 CFU/g ("colony forming units per gram total weight"), preferably with at least 1 x 10 8 CFU/g, even more preferably from 1 x 10 8 to 1 x 10 12 CFU/g dry matter.
  • Colony forming unit is measure of viable microbial cells, in particular fungal and bacterial cells.
  • CFU may also be understood as number of (juvenile) individual nematodes in case of (entomopathogenic) nematode biopesticides, such as Steinemema feltiae.
  • the total weight ratios of compositions wherein component 2) is selected from groups A), C), or E') can be determined based on the total weight of the solid material (dry matter) of component 1 ) and using the amount of CFU of component 2) to calclulate the total weight of component 2) with the following equation that 1 x 10 9 CFU equals one gram of total weight of component 2):
  • the agrochemical compositions generally are characterized in that they contain an effective quantity of the active components as defined above. Generally, they contain between 0.01 and 95%, preferably between 0.1 and 90%, and in particular between 0.5 and 75%, by weight of active components.
  • compositions wherein component 2) is selected from groups A'), C) and E'), comprise between 0.01 and 90% (w/w) of dry matter (solid material) of component 1 ) and from 1 x 10 5 CFU to 1 x 10 12 CFU of component 2) per gram total weight of the composition.
  • compositions, wherein component 2) is selected from groups A'), C) and E'), comprise between 5 and 70% (w/w) of dry matter (solid material) of component 1 ) and from 1 x 10 6 CFU to 1 x 10 10 CFU of component 2) per gram total weight of the composition.
  • compositions, wherein component 2) is selected from groups A'), C) and E') comprise between 25 and 70% (w/w) of dry matter (solid material) of component 1 ) and from 1 x 10 7 CFU to 1 x 10 9 CFU of component 2) per gram total weight of the composition.
  • Solutions for seed treatment (LS), suspoemulsions (SE), flowable concentrates (FS), powders for dry treatment (DS), water-dispersible powders for slurry treatment (WS), water- soluble powders (SS), emulsions (ES), emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and gels (GF) are usually employed for the purposes of treatment of plant propagation materials, particularly seeds.
  • the compositions in question give, after two-to-tenfold dilution, active components concentrations of from 0.01 to 60% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 40%, in the ready-to-use preparations.
  • Methods for applying or treating with the Quillay extract and biopesticide II and compositions thereof, respectively, on to plant propagation material, especially seeds include dressing, coating, pelleting, dusting, soaking and in-furrow application methods of the propagation material.
  • the Quillay extract and biopesticide II or the compositions thereof, respectively are applied on to the plant propagation material by a method such that germination is not induced, e. g. by seed dressing, pelleting, coating and dusting.
  • the total amounts of active components applied are, depending on the kind of effect desired, from 0.001 to 10 kg per ha, preferably from 0.005 to 2 kg per ha, more preferably from 0.05 to 0.9 kg per ha, in particular from 0.1 to 0.75 kg per ha.
  • the application rates preferably range from about 1 x 10 6 to 5 x 10 15 (or more) CFU/ha.
  • the spore concentration is about 1 x 10 7 to about 1 x 10 11 CFU/ha.
  • (entomopathogenic) nematodes as microbial pesticides (e.g.
  • the application rates preferably range inform about 1 x 10 5 to 1 x 10 12 (or more), more preferably from 1 x 10 8 to 1 x 10 11 , even more preferably from 5 x 10 8 to 1 x 10 10 individuals (e.g. in the form of eggs, juvenile or any other live stages, preferably in an infetive juvenile stage) per ha.
  • the amount of the inventive mixtures (based on total weight of active components) is in the range from 0.01 -10 kg, preferably from 0.1 -1000 g, more preferably from 1 -100 g per 100 kilogram of plant propagation material
  • the application rates with respect to plant propagation material preferably range from about 1 x 10 6 to 1 x 10 12 (or more) CFU/seed.
  • the spore concentration is about 1 x 10 6 to about 1 x 10 11 CFU/seed.
  • the application rates with respect to plant propagation material also preferably range from about 1 x 10 7 to 1 x 10 14 (or more) CFU per 100 kg of seed, preferably from 1 x 10 9 to about 1 x 10 11 CFU per 100 kg of seed.
  • Amounts customarily applied in the protection of materials are 0.001 g to 2 kg, preferably 0.005 g to 1 kg, of active components per cubic meter of treated material.
  • oils, wetters, adjuvants, fertilizer, or micronutrients, and further pesticides may be added to the active substances or the compositions comprising them as premix or, if appropriate not until immediately prior to use (tank mix).
  • pesticides e.g. herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, growth regulators, safeners
  • These agents can be admixed with the compositions according to the invention in a weight ratio of 1 :100 to 100:1 , preferably 1 :10 to 10:1.
  • a polyether polymethylsiloxane copolymer may be added to the composition accoding to the invention, preferably in a weight ratio of 1 :100 to 100:1 , more preferably in a weight ratio of 1 :10 to 10:1 , in particular in a weight ratio of 1 :5 to 5:1 based on the total weight of the component 1 ) and the component 2).
  • a mineral oil or a vegetable oil may be added to the composition according to the invention, preferably in a weight ratio of 1 :100 to 100:1 , more preferably in a weight ratio of 1 :10 to 10:1 , in particular in a weight ratio of 1 :5 to 5:1 based on the total weight of the dry content of Quillay extract and Acacia negra extract together.
  • the user applies the composition according to the invention usually from a predosage device, a knapsack sprayer, a spray tank, a spray plane, or an irrigation system.
  • the agrochemical composition is made up with water, buffer, and/or further auxiliaries to the desired application concentration and the ready-to-use spray liquor or the agrochemical composition according to the invention is thus obtained.
  • 20 to 2000 liters, preferably 50 to 400 liters, of the ready-to-use spray liquor are applied per hectare of agricultural useful area.
  • composition according to the invention such as parts of a kit or parts of a binary or ternary mixture may be mixed by the user himself in a spray tank and further auxiliaries may be added, if appropriate.
  • the weight ratio of the component 1 ) and the component 2) generally depends from the properties of the active components used, usually it is in the range of from 1 :100 to 100:1 , regularly in the range of from 1 :50 to 50:1 , preferably in the range of from 1 :20 to 20:1 , more preferably in the range of from 1 :10 to 10:1 , even more preferably in the range of from 1 :4 to 4:1 and in particular in the range of from 1 :2 to 2:1.
  • the weight ratio of the component 1 ) and the component 2) usually is in the range of from 100:1 to 1 :1 , regularly in the range of from 50:1 to 1 :1 , preferably in the range of from 20:1 to 1 :1 , more preferably in the range of from 10:1 to 1 :1 , even more preferably in the range of from 4:1 to 1 :1 and in particular in the range of from 2:1 to 1 :1.
  • the weight ratio of the component 1 ) and the component 2) usually is in the range of from 1 :1 to 1 :100, regularly in the range of from 1 :1 to 1 :50, preferably in the range of from 1 :1 to 1 :20, more preferably in the range of from 1 :1 to 1 :10, even more preferably in the range of from 1 :1 to 1 :4 and in particular in the range of from 1 :1 to 1 :2.
  • the Quillay extract is used in excess as compared to the biopesticide II, i.e. the weight ratio of the component 1 ) and the component 2) usually is in the range of from 100:1 to 1 :1 , regularly in the range of from 50:1 to 1 :1 , preferably in the range of from 20:1 to 1 :1 , more preferably in the range of from 10:1 to 1 :1 , even more preferably in the range of from 4:1 to 1 :1 , e.g. of from 3:1 to 1 :1 , and in particular in the range of from 2:1 to 1 :1.
  • the amount of Quillay extract is based on the amount of the solid material (dry matter).
  • the solid material may contain at most 5% by weight, preferably at most 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the solid material, of residual liquid components, such as extractants (in general water, possibly also alcohol; mostly however residual moisture).
  • extractants in general water, possibly also alcohol; mostly however residual moisture.
  • component 2 reference is made to the above remarks.
  • ternary mixtures i.e.
  • compositions according to the invention comprising the component 1 ) and component 2) and a compound III (component 3), the weight ratio of component 1 ) and component 2) depends from the properties of the active substances used, usually it is in the range of from 1 :100 to 100:1 , regularly in the range of from 1 :50 to 50:1 , preferably in the range of from 1 :20 to 20:1 , more preferably in the range of from 1 :10 to 10:1 and in particular in the range of from 1 :4 to 4:1 , and the weight ratio of component 1 ) and component 3) usually it is in the range of from 1 :100 to 100:1 , regularly in the range of from 1 :50 to 50:1 , preferably in the range of from 1 :20 to 20:1 , more preferably in the range of from 1 :10 to 10:1 and in particular in the range of from 1 :4 to 4: 1 .
  • any further active components are, if desired, added in a ratio of from 20:1 to 1 :20 to the component 1 ).
  • the compound ratios are advantageously chosen so as to produce a synergistic effect.
  • the relative amount, i.e. the weight ratio of the Quillay extract and the at least one component 2) in the mixture or composition provides for an increased insecticidal efficacy on at least one harmful insect and/or for an increased fungicidal efficacy on at least one harmful fungus and/or an increased efficacy on plant health improvement and/or plant growth regulating effect which exceeds the additive efficacy of the components of the mixture or composition as calculated from the efficacy of the individual components at a given application rate.
  • the components can be used individually or already partially or completely mixed with one another to prepare the composition according to the invention. It is also possible for them to be packaged and used as combination such as a kit of parts. Examples
  • Efficacy degree % (infestation in untreated - infestation in treated) x 100
  • X percent activity using active compound A at an application rate a

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des mélanges qui comprennent un extrait de quillay et au moins un biopesticide dont les significations sont définies dans la description, ainsi que des compositions comprenant ces mélanges.
PCT/EP2013/075530 2012-12-04 2013-12-04 Compositions comprenant un extrait de quillay et un biopesticide Ceased WO2014086856A1 (fr)

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