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WO2014086415A1 - Système de décharge de cng - Google Patents

Système de décharge de cng Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2014086415A1
WO2014086415A1 PCT/EP2012/074558 EP2012074558W WO2014086415A1 WO 2014086415 A1 WO2014086415 A1 WO 2014086415A1 EP 2012074558 W EP2012074558 W EP 2012074558W WO 2014086415 A1 WO2014086415 A1 WO 2014086415A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure
gas
fluid
pressure line
line
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2012/074558
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Francesco Nettis
Giuseppe BERGAMIN
Giulio CARINI
Luca MOTTA
Domenico MUSSARDO
Gianfranco NISO
Paolo REDONDI
Riccardo Rossi
Vanni Neri TOMASELLI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Blue Wave Co SA
Original Assignee
Blue Wave Co SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Blue Wave Co SA filed Critical Blue Wave Co SA
Priority to PCT/EP2012/074558 priority Critical patent/WO2014086415A1/fr
Publication of WO2014086415A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014086415A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0128—Shape spherical or elliptical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0604—Liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0619—Single wall with two layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/066—Plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F17C2203/0665—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments radially wound
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0138—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0142—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0332—Safety valves or pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0335—Check-valves or non-return valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0379—Manholes or access openings for human beings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
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    • F17C2225/035—High pressure, i.e. between 10 and 80 bars
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/0306—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using the same fluid
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
    • F17C2227/043—Methods for emptying or filling by pressure cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0439—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/025—Reducing transfer time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/068—Distribution pipeline networks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/011—Barges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0118—Offshore
    • F17C2270/0121—Platforms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0118—Offshore
    • F17C2270/0126—Buoys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
    • F17C2270/0136—Terminals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an offloading system applied to the emptying of containers used for the transportation of compressed natural gas, or "CNG", with energy recovery being provided by means of ejector devices driven by the pressure, and combined with a piping system having various different pressures therein.
  • CNG compressed natural gas
  • CNG is an acronym for compressed natural gas.
  • Fuel gas transported by sea in the form of CNG consists principally of methane in the gaseous state, although in some cases it may contain a liquid fraction at a high pressure.
  • the optimum condition for transportation of CNG is a pressure of about 250 bar and a temperature such as to prevent the formation of condensates during storage and transportation. This temperature is dependent upon the composition of the transported gas. Often it is ambient temperature, conventionally defined as being about 15°C. For lower temperature storage, i.e. about -30°C, a pressure of about 160 bar is more preferred.
  • CNG gas in liquid form
  • the advantages include in particular the savings in terms of the overall investment and processing costs, in terms of the equipment needs, and also in terms of the times involved in the loading/unloading processes.
  • CNG technology involves the construction of more standardised, or simplified, loading and unloading terminals. These platforms might, for example, be off-shore platforms or buoys, or jetties.
  • the gas can often be offloaded at the terminals at pressure and/or temperature conditions which are already suitable for onward sale or delivery.
  • LNG typically requires further processing in complex re-gasification plants prior to onwards use since the LNG is typically offloaded in liquid form and at cryogenic temperatures.
  • Said re- gasification facilities can be extremely costly, and can be undesirable or dangerous in environmental terms, whereby they are generally ill-suited for the European shorelines along the Mediterranean Sea, which regions are generally heavily populated.
  • CNG technology moreover, is generally speaking more efficient than LNG since the consumption of energy in the processing of the gas is typically much lower, which in turns leads to a smaller greenhouse gas emissions footprint.
  • CNG technology is relatively new compared to LNG, and it is still being rapidly developed. It is considered to possess great potential, in particular for short to medium distance applications, such as often occurs in the region of the Mediterranean Sea. For these short to medium distance applications, it is increasingly being recognised that it is likely to be more economical to use than LNG owing to the greater ease of the pre- and post- processing of the gas. Therefore the application of CNG technology to the gas fields along the North African and Middle East coasts for transportation of natural gas to the natural gas markets in Europe is seen to be very attractive.
  • MMSCF (or mmscf) is used to refer to a standardised volume of gas. It means million standard cubic feet - a standard term for quantifying a stored amount of useable CNG.
  • a standard cubic foot (abbreviated as scf) is a measure of quantity of gas, equal to a cubic foot of volume at 60 degrees Fahrenheit (15.6 degrees Celsius) and either 14.696 psi (1 atm or 101.325 kPa) or 14.73 psi (30 inHg or 101 .6 kPa) of pressure.
  • a standard cubic foot is thus not a unit of volume but of quantity, and the conversion to normal cubic metres is not the same as converting cubic feet to cubic metres (multiplying by 0.0283...), since the standard temperature and pressure used are different.
  • 14.73 psi represents 1 .19804 moles (0.0026412 pound moles), equivalent to 0.026853 normal cubic meters.
  • M refers to the Roman numeral for thousand. Two M's would be one thousand thousand, or one million. The s for "standard” is sometimes included, but often omitted and implied. We have used it above and below in most instances.
  • the pressure and temperature conditions of the gas are extremely important for the overall configuration of the transportation system and also for the size, weight and constructional nature of the gas storage containers (pressure vessels).
  • pressure vessels due to the inherent increase in the operating/storage/transport pressures in connection with CNG, compared to LNG, there is an increased need to devise and design new CNG containers, usually referred to as pressure vessels, together with the associated filling, transportation and emptying systems.
  • the pressure vessels specifically designed for sea transportation of CNG must comply with the safety criteria and requirements stipulated by international regulations, such as the ASME and IMO standards in order to be permitted to sail. These requirements also vary depending on the type of structure used therein.
  • the pressure vessels may be made of metal (e.g. steel), a polymer, a composite material or layers of different materials. New vessel structures and new materials used therefor, to offer a greater or equivalent pressure resistance but at a lower pressure vessel weight, are being developed by operators in this sector.
  • the step of emptying the containers is commonly referred to as "offloading" and consists in the controlled evacuation of the gas from the said pressure vessels, which are arranged alongside each other and gradually emptied row by row, and the subsequent transfer of said gas in a form and pressure suitable for sale.
  • the pressure for sale of CNG also called “delivery pressure” generally ranges between 40 bar and 120 bar.
  • the offloading step is often divided up into more than one process - 1 .
  • the natural offloading step e.g. offloading from 250 bar to the delivery pressure, or close thereto
  • 2. scavenging step e.g. offloading from the above delivery pressure to about 30 bar.
  • the term "scavenging” refers to a specific stage during emptying of the PVs (pressure vessels), namely the stage when the pressure inside the PVs is lower than that at which natural offloading is viable, i.e. typically while the pressure is below the delivery pressure.
  • the scavenging step follows the natural offloading step and differs from the latter in that energy must be used in order to perform the emptying, unlike the natural offloading step where the gas is able to flow spontaneously, and without assistance, and also with the possibility of energy recovery by means of ejectors.
  • the intermediate conditions in the said offloading process are variable depending on the quantity of gas left inside the individual container, the temperature conditions or the particular delivery, storage or transportation requirements.
  • vessels or pipes The systems most widely used for the transportation of CNG by sea envisage a plurality of cylindrical containers, called vessels or pipes depending on their shape. Typically for a given purpose they have a common length and diameter, although different applications may allow them to have different diameters and lengths. Mainly they have a diameter of 1 m and a length that is appropriate for the size of the ship.
  • These vessels or pipes are typically arranged alongside each other in parallel arrays, e.g. in a series of rows, either vertically or horizontally, and are most commonly made of steel (type 1 ) or steel plus composite body-wraps (type 2).
  • the vessels or pipes are designed specifically to withstand the high pressures associated with their purpose, and are fitted inside the hull of a ship designed for this purpose.
  • the process of emptying said containers envisages a first step during which the gas expands from a high-pressure value, generally not greater than 250 bar, and at the storage temperature, to a pressure value required by the delivery site (delivery pressure range of 40-120 barg).
  • This first step is followed by the scavenging step during which the residual gas is evacuated, said residual gas being at a pressure lower than the delivery pressure and therefore not being able to flow out spontaneously.
  • the said residual gas is generally evacuated by means of compressors.
  • ejectors Special devices, commonly called “ejectors” (Fig. 2), are known which are able to draw off, suck or extract a low pressure fluid by means of expansion of a separate stream of fluid at a higher pressure.
  • Such ejectors are static machines in which a high pressure stream (called motive fluid) is used to boost a low pressure stream (called suction fluid) by expanding the motive through a nozzle and transferring its kinetic energy to the suction fluid.
  • the mixed stream decreases its velocity in the mixing tube and in the following diffuser (e.g. a Venturi Throat) with pressure recovery.
  • Ejectors are characterized by a simple design, small dimensions and no moving parts, and are usually found to have a high degree of reliability and low cost. Ejectors are commonly used in various technologic fields, e.g. in petrol-chemical industry, fluid and solids handling, water treatment, motors, vacuum systems.
  • the range of use can be increased by installing a Variable Asset Ejector which allows the geometry to be modified externally.
  • D1 describes a power supply system for a propulsion unit on a ship comprising an ejector device for suction of the liquefied gas close to the bottom of a tank.
  • D2 proposes a system for evacuating the non-fluid sediment inside petroleum tanks, also comprising devices of the ejector type inside which a "working medium" in the form of a stream of water, gas or liquids under pressure is able to evacuate, heat, fluidify and displace the said sediment.
  • D3 describes a system for the improved extraction of hydrocarbons, in the form of a multiple-phase mixture, from a well, by means of an ejector pump device comprising a mechanically operated high-pressure circuit.
  • D4 proposes a system which is able to load a large quantity of liquefied gas inside a tank by extracting, conveying and compressing the vapours inside an external tank via an annular circuit comprising, among other things, also an ejector device.
  • D5 describes a system for recovery of the volatile fraction of gas during the method for production of LNG, which is organized in the form of multiple steps, comprising a plurality of devices which are suitable for compressing the gas and for heat exchange, some of them being dedicated to the working flow and others forming part of the refrigerating circuits, said compressors being interconnected by means of the same mechanism.
  • D6 describes a device of the ejector type which is able to increase the efficiency during extraction and transportation of gas at a low pressure, making use of a high-pressure stream.
  • D7 proposes a method for compression, transportation and delivery of CNG, i.e. compressed natural gas, comprising the operations of primary mechanical compression and also additional compression by means of ejector devices employing a stream of high-pressure gas.
  • D8 describes a process for emptying in sequence containers of LNG, i.e. partially compressed liquefied natural gas, by means of a displacement gas which, during operation, is extracted from the already partially emptied container and mechanically compressed and then introduced into the bottom of the said container and also into the top of the next container, said containers communicating with each other; the gas is pre-treated by means of a heat exchanger, in order to control the temperature and state, and also post-treated with pumps and vaporizers so that it assumes the condition required for sale.
  • LNG i.e. partially compressed liquefied natural gas
  • D9 proposes an improved system for emptying and for delivering CNG, i.e. high- pressure natural gas, which is transported inside a plurality of containers on vehicles such as barges, ships, trains or lorries.
  • CNG i.e. high- pressure natural gas
  • the system improves the efficiency and reduces the financial investment and operating costs associated with the container-emptying operations by means of an ejector device, which has a fixed or variable configuration, for example of the type which is commercially distributed by the company Transvac Systems Limited, England.
  • the offloading system comprises two main lines where the gas is conveyed at high or low pressure, a plurality of containers also combined in groups with independent connections, and an ejector which is supplied by the high-pressure line and which allows suction from the low pressure line.
  • the proposed system may also comprise valves, flow sensors, an automatic control system and at least one compressor connected to the flow of the ejector in parallel or in series.
  • the process envisages the alternating and sequential connection of the adjacent containers with the high-pressure gas line to the low-pressure line so as to use the kinetic energy of the higher pressure stream to draw off, suck or extract the residual gas inside the preceding container by means of the ejector device.
  • An alternative configuration envisages a compressor with a third dedicated line, parallel to the other two lines and controlled by valves.
  • Said device which is conventionally called a fixed-regime ejector, is able to operate within a narrow pressure range so that it is necessary to use several ejectors in order to cover the entire range of operating pressures that occur with CNG.
  • variable- regime ejector a device of the advanced ejector type, conventionally called variable- regime ejector, which is able to operate within a wider range of pressures and therefore advantageously reduces the number of ejectors needed to be used to cover the entire range of operating pressures that occur with CNG.
  • a device of the ejector type which is intended for the suction of fluids, for example liquids, gases or gas vapours, at a low pressure, present inside containers, tanks or wells, which uses a high-pressure stream that is mechanically generated externally thereof or which uses its own kinetic energy;
  • a dual-line piping system i.e. with high pressure line and low pressure line, which is connected to the containers and also to the ejector device and is able to make use of the kinetic energy of the high- pressure stream in order to draw off the residual gas by means of the low-pressure stream.
  • D9 proposes a system for recovery of the kinetic energy from the high-pressure stream in order to draw off the residual low-pressure gas by means of an ejector device, this being an extremely simple static machine which even in an enhanced version with a variable nozzle configuration has a limited efficiency and effectiveness, and being dependent on the piping system used, the atmospheric conditions and in particular the required delivery conditions, since these condition the entire process and determine the natural emptying level of the containers.
  • the entire system is capable of being improved as regards the following aspects:
  • HP high pressure motive fluid
  • MP medium pressure suction fluid
  • LP low pressure
  • LP is instead connected to a compressor in order to evacuate the last gas portion (i.e. the economically convenient portion, rather than the whole quantity)
  • a second problem encountered relates to the organization of the typical method of scavenging in connection with CNG, envisaging a forced action in order to evacuate the contents of the remaining low-pressure gas, which must then be recompressed so that it assumes a condition suitable for transfer and sale;
  • a third problem encountered relates, in particular, to the fact that in the conventional methods the various turbomachines used for recompression are powered by different driving forces.
  • a fourth problem encountered in the applications using compressors relates to the problems associated with the maintenance required by the machines with moving mechanical components, and the associated costs; it is desirable to limit as far as possible the use of these mechanisms or limit the possibility of malfunctioning thereof.
  • a fifth problem encountered relates to the presence of different circuits for treating the high pressure and low pressure, with different temperatures of the fluid. It is known that the temperature of the fluid is strictly dependent on the pressure and excessive lowering of the former could result in liquefaction depending on the composition of the transported gas, this being a condition to be avoided with CNG in particular in the vicinity of turbomachines owing to the risk of possible damage. For this reason, in some cases, devices are provided for raising the temperature of the primary circuit in order to prevent liquefaction during expansion. For example, the devices can provide a pre-treatment with heat exchangers, where said exchangers are supplied with external energy (for example closed hot-water circuits).
  • the present invention provides a system for offloading a compressed fluid from a series of pressure vessels, the system comprising:
  • At least one ejector device At least one ejector device
  • the ejector device being for
  • the multilevel piping system comprising, in use, at least three different pressure levels, including
  • the high pressure line being intended to supply the said ejector device with the high pressure fluid stream
  • the medium pressure line being intended for both the forced suction of the residual fluid and mixing with the high pressure line;
  • the low pressure line being intended for each of mechanical suction of the residual gas not drawn off by the ejector, recompression thereof by means of at least one compression turbomachine, and assisting energy recovery by transferring heat via gas/gas exchangers.
  • the system is incorporated into a sea transportation system for the compressed fluid and is arranged with its piping system connected to pressure vessels thereof.
  • the compressed fluid is CNG.
  • the system comprises a device for post-treatment of the offloaded fluid, for preparing the fluid in terms of temperature and pressure so as for it to be ready for delivery around a distribution network.
  • the device utilises the medium pressure line and combines with the actions of the low pressure line.
  • the pressure vessels are generally cylindrical containers. They can be in accordance with any one of the following disclosures:
  • PCT/EP201 1/071801 and PCT/EP201 1/071818 are incorporated herein in full by way of reference.
  • the pressure vessels are arranged vertically, with substantially parallel axes.
  • the pressure vessels are of a pipe type.
  • the fluid is contained in the pressure vessels such that it has at least three different pressure level ranges, the ranges including a high pressure range, a medium pressure range and a low pressure range.
  • the high pressure range has a first median pressure, the uppermost pressure of the medium pressure range being lower than that first median pressure, and wherein the medium pressure range has a second median pressure, the uppermost pressure of the low pressure range being lower than the second median pressure.
  • the pressure vessels are organized into a plurality of rows. Preferably the rows are connected in series.
  • the pressure vessels are combined into one or more module.
  • the rows are connected in parallel to headers of the one or more module.
  • each module is arranged to be managed singly, and is connected in parallel to the piping system.
  • the system further comprises a safety flare line.
  • the foreseen pressure is 5 barg.
  • the pipe sizing may be in the range of 10" (LP) to 18" (HP).
  • the three pressure levels for the three header lines are divided up as follows:
  • the high pressure line conveys the gas at a pressure level of between 250 bar and 140 bar;
  • the medium pressure line conveys the gas at a pressure level of between 140 bar and 63 bar;
  • the low pressure line conveys the gas at a pressure level of between 63 bar and 30 bar.
  • post-treatment of mixed fluids from the high pressure line and the medium pressure line occurs, and that post treatment is aimed at bringing the fluid into a condition suitable for sale.
  • the system further comprises a vertical separator able to separate the fluid into a stream of gas separated from any liquid fractions.
  • the system comprises post-treatment of the low pressure line aimed at bringing fluid therefrom into a condition suitable for being mixed with the delivery stream.
  • the post-treatment of the low pressure line comprises two compression stages, preferably with corresponding heat extraction (e.g. by means of gas/gas exchangers) at the end of each compression stage.
  • heat extraction of the low pressure line is performed to the advantage of the high pressure line entering the ejector and also the gas stream leaving the separator.
  • the ejector device has a fixed configuration and is incorporated in the piping as a plurality of units, i.e. more than one unit.
  • the number of units chosen is decided dependent upon the specific type of ejector used and the range of operating pressures which must be provided by the latter.
  • the range of operating pressures is dictated by the range of pressures which are present in the high pressure and medium pressure lines.
  • the ejector device has a variable configuration and is incorporated in the piping as a single unit for all the pressure levels of the system.
  • the ejector device is controlled by a system of valves and sensors so that the flowrate and temperature are always controlled.
  • the fluid of the low pressure line is drawn off and recompressed mechanically by using a two-stage compressor.
  • the system is managed in an integrated manner by means of logic control units with dedicated processors and software.
  • the present invention also provides a method of offloading a compressed fluid from a series of pressure vessels, the method involving the use of a system as described above.
  • the present invention also provides a method of offloading a compressed fluid from a series of pressure vessels, the method comprising providing
  • a multilevel piping system comprising at least three different pressure levels, including
  • At least one ejector device At least one ejector device
  • the ejector device recovering energy from a high pressure fluid stream and providing forced suction of residual fluid from a part offloaded pressure vessel;
  • the medium pressure line providing the forced suction of the residual fluid and also mixing with the high pressure line;
  • the present invention seeks to provide an integrated offloading system for containers of CNG, i.e. high-pressure compressed natural gas, in particular of the pressure-vessel or pipe type, with recovery of kinetic energy within the process.
  • the system of the present invention incorporates one or more ejector devices, of the variable regime or fixed regime type, and a plurality of heat exchangers.
  • the preferred configuration of the invention envisages a piping system with three different pressures (high, medium, low), where a primary circuit with the high- pressure gas stream of a subsequent row of pressure vessels is expanded inside an ejector, being also connected to the residual gas to be evacuated from the preceding medium-pressure row, so as to perform the suction of a further gas portion from the latter. Said emptying is performed without the aid of external mechanical devices, but by recovering the kinetic energy within the process.
  • the secondary circuit with the recompressed recovery gas is also used to transfer heat to the primary stream, via exchangers, so as to avoid liquefaction and enable the gas to assume a condition close to the required condition ( Figure 3).
  • more than one turbomachine e.g. of a multi-stage compressor type
  • they are at least partially powered by a common driving force.
  • they can be mounted on a common axis such as to be at least partially powered by the same driving force, which can be obtained for example from recovery of the energy which the gas releases during expansion.
  • a first object exists in the recovery of a large quantity of kinetic energy that is available during the natural offloading step, i.e. as performed in connection with CNG from the stream of high-pressure gas leaving the pressure vessel line during natural offloading. Said energy is used in order to evacuate part of the residual gas of the preceding pressure vessel line by drawing off (extracting) and recompressing said gas portion by employing ejectors.
  • a second object exists in the simultaneous execution of the step for primary emptying of the CNG container, with associated expansion of the gas in order to reduce its pressure from high to medium, and the intermediate emptying step, without external mechanical action.
  • This latter step allows the pressure of the residual gas in the preceding line to be reduced from medium to low. This procedure speeds up significantly the scavenging operations performed with CNG.
  • the design envisages three lines, i.e. a high pressure HP line, a medium pressure MP line and a low pressure LP line.
  • these lines can range respectively as follows: 250- 140 bar, 140-63 bar, 63-60 bar.
  • the HP line acts as a "motive fluid" and the MP line acts as a "suction fluid".
  • the LP line is connected to a compressor which requires an external mechanical action.
  • a third object is closely linked to the preceding objects and consists in the significant reduction in the amount of external energy used in the process, with the consequent cost-related benefit, and a reduction in the polluting emissions into the atmosphere.
  • a fourth object relates to the use of the heat arising within the process.
  • the heat generated following compression of the fluid of the low pressure circuit is suitably transferred to the fluid of the high pressure circuit by means of one or more heat exchanger.
  • a fifth object relates to an improvement of the entire process for offloading CNG - there is an increase in the overall efficiency.
  • CNG loading and offloading procedures and facilities depend on several factors linked to the locations of gas sources and the composition of the gas concerned.
  • a typical platform comprises an infrastructure for collecting the gas which connected with the seabed.
  • a jetty is another typical solution for connecting to ships (loading or offloading) which finds application when the gas source is onshore.
  • a gas pipeline extends to the jetty and is used for loading and offloading operations.
  • a mechanical arm extends from the jetty to a ship.
  • Jetties are a relatively well-established solution. However, building a new jetty is expensive and time-intensive. Jetties also require a significant amount of space and have a relatively high environmental impact, specifically in protected areas and for marine traffic.
  • Solutions utilizing buoys can be categorized as follows:
  • the Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring (CALM) buoy is particularly suitable for shallow water.
  • the system is based on having the ship moor to a buoy floating on the surface of the water.
  • the main components of the system are: a buoy with an integrated turret, a swivel, piping, utilities, one or more hoses, hawsers for connecting to the ship, a mooring system including chains and anchors connecting to the seabed.
  • the system also comprises a flexible riser connected to the seabed. This type of buoy requires the support of an auxiliary/service vessel for connecting the hawser and piping to the ship.
  • the Submerged Turret Loading System comprises a connection and disconnection device for rough sea conditions.
  • the system is based on a floating buoy moored to the seabed (the buoy will float in an equilibrium position below the sea surface ready for the connection).
  • the buoy When connecting to a ship, the buoy is pulled up and secured to a mating cone inside the ship.
  • the connection allows free rotation of the ship hull around the buoy turret.
  • the system also comprises a flexible riser connected to the seabed, but requires dedicated spaces inside the ship to allow the connection.
  • the Submerged Loading System consists of a seabed mounted swivel system connected to a loading/offloading riser and acoustic transponders.
  • the connection of the floating hose can be performed easily without a support vessel.
  • the flexible riser can be lifted and then connected to a corresponding connector on the ship.
  • the Single Anchor Loading comprises a mooring and a fluid swivel with a single mooring line, a flexible riser for fluid transfer and a single anchor for anchoring to the seabed.
  • a tanker is connected to the system by pulling the mooring line and the riser together from the seabed and up towards the vessel. Then the mooring line is secured and the riser is connected to the vessel.
  • Fig. 1 is a graph showing the progression of the pressures inside a pressure vessel for transporting CNG during the emptying step as a function of the percentage of gas present within said vessel.
  • Fig. 2 is a simplified view of a common ejector device.
  • Fig. 3 is a simplified diagram of a preferred configuration for a CNG offloading method with incorporation of an ejector device. This configuration envisages inter-refrigeration which allows a reduction in the compressive work, and consequently the energy expended during scavenging, and a recovery of heat from the compressed gas by means of heat exchangers.
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a preferred configuration for a CNG offloading method applied to transportation by ship, with the pressure vessels arranged vertically and combined in modules, and incorporating a variable-regime ejector.
  • Fig. 5 is a diagram showing an alternative configuration for a CNG offloading method applied to transportation by ship, with the pressure vessels arranged vertically and combined in modules, and incorporating three fixed-regime ejectors. Practical embodiment of the invention
  • the present invention relates to a novel integrated offloading system for the sea transportation of CNG, with energy recovery in the form of pressure, and with an optimized simultaneous natural emptying and forced-evacuation process involving recompression of the residual gas inside the pressure vessels so that it can assume, quickly and at an extremely low additional cost, a condition suitable for delivery.
  • CNG compressed natural gas
  • the proposed offloading method envisages containers of the pressure vessel type which can be inspected. They preferably are arranged vertically and also are preferably combined in modules, by way of a non-limiting example. It is also preferred that the pressure vessels have a diameter of between 1 and 6 metres, are arranged vertically and are arranged in numbers which may vary from about 50 units (composite PVs, dia. 2.6 m) to about 70 units (steel PVs, dia. 2 m) per module.
  • a ship, fitted with these pressure vessels in modules, may be used to transport about 200 MMScf of CNG.
  • Pressure vessels suitable for the transportation and delivery of CNG can be made of various materials, and using a variety of production technologies. We can list below eight different categories of pressure vessel:
  • All-steel pressure vessels (known as type 1 ), with the metal being used as the structure for the containment;
  • Metallic liner with non-metallic structural overwrap (known as type 3).
  • the metal liner is only there for fluidic containment purposes.
  • the non-metallic external structural overwrap is made out of, in the preferred arrangements, a fibre-reinforced polymer; other non-metallic overwraps are also possible.
  • Non-metallic liner with non-metallic structural overwrap (known as type 4).
  • the non-metallic liner (such as a thermoplastic or a thermosetting polymer liner) is only there for fluidic containment purposes.
  • the non- metallic external structural overwrap can again be made out of, in the preferred arrangements, a fibre-reinforced polymer.
  • a fully non-metallic structure (no separate liner), with the non-metallic structure having been built on a substrate that is removed after the manufacturing process (known as type 5).
  • Near-Sphere shaped pressure vessels formed from a non-metallic liner with a non-metallic structural overwrap (like the type 4 above, but with the specific near spherical shape). These pressure vessels have a non- metallic liner (such as a thermoplastic or a thermosetting polymer) which serves only for fluidic containment purposes.
  • the non-metallic external structural overwrap is typically made out of, in the preferred arrangements, a fibre-reinforced polymer.
  • the features of the pressure vessels disclosed in those prior filings are relevant to the present invention in that
  • each pressure vessel of a module is interconnected in rows in a “series” arrangement and with each "row” connected in parallel to the main header of the module.
  • Each module in turn can be connected in parallel to the main piping system, being referred to as "multilevel".
  • the said piping system is formed by three different and variable pressure lines, which, by way of a non-limiting example, in the case of a delivery pressure of 90 bar, may be defined as being “high pressure”, if between 250 bar and 140 bar, “medium pressure”, if between 140 bar and 63 bar, and “low pressure” if between 63 bar and 30 bar.
  • the said piping system with three levels can be provided with sensors and valves suitable for managing the flows by means of an automatic control system.
  • the transported gas is extracted from the individual containers using the same safety procedures and the same widely used connection systems as known in the art.
  • the pressure and temperature conditions within a given pressure vessel, or of a fluid being loaded or offloaded thereto or therefrom, are closely interdependent, and are also linked to the state of the fluid.
  • the fluid will typically be suitably conditioned by means of heat exchangers so as to release heat in order to reduce the energy expenditure during compression of the gas or to acquire heat in order to prevent liquefaction.
  • the offloading method proposed by the present invention is based essentially on the advantageous incorporation of at least one ejector device in an innovative multilevel piping system, together with systems for recovery of energy in the form of heat and with post-treatment processes for improving control of the gas delivery conditions.
  • the application of the ejector makes use of unused kinetic energy of the high-pressure gas stream, and also the known Venturi principle, in order to offload in a forced and non-mechanical manner part of the residual gas from the containers that had already previously been partially emptied - by means of their own pressure. Moreover said offloading step is performed at the same time as natural emptying.
  • the use of the ejector ensures that both streams, i.e. the motive fluid and the suction fluid (the HP line and MP line, respectively), pass through it simultaneously, being then conveyed into the same line for offloading and then delivery.
  • Each line of PVs forms firstly the motive fluid which, passing through the ejector, "sucks up" the gas of the preceding line, and then, once a certain pressure is reached, the suction fluid sucked through the ejector by the gas stream of the following line.
  • the said main "multilevel" piping system is structured with 3 header lines at different pressure levels, i.e. a high pressure (HP) line, medium pressure (MP) line and low pressure (LP) line, along with a fourth safety "flare” line.
  • HP high pressure
  • MP medium pressure
  • LP low pressure
  • the three pressure levels for the three header lines of the said piping system are divided up as follows: the high pressure line conveys the gas at a pressure level of between 250 bar and 140 bar; the medium pressure line conveys the gas at a pressure level of between 140 bar and 63 bar; the low pressure line conveys the gas at a pressure level of between 63 bar and 30 bar.
  • the said high pressure line is intended to supply the said ejector device (motive fluid), while the said medium pressure line is intended for non-mechanical suction of part of the residual gas by means of the said ejector (suction fluid), with subsequent mixing together of the two fluids.
  • the said low pressure line is intended for mechanical suction of the residual gas not drawn off (extracted) by the ejector (scavenging step), together with subsequent recompression, by means of at least one mechanical compressor.
  • the said low pressure line also helps recover energy by releasing heat via gas/gas exchangers.
  • FIG. 3 shows a simplified diagram of a preferred configuration of the novel CNG offloading method with incorporation of an ejector device within the multilevel piping system. Emptying of the pressure vessel line occurs naturally by means of expansion through the said device, which is able to employ the kinetic energy of the high- pressure gas stream in order to empty simultaneously the residual gas and convey it in the medium pressure line, in particular to evacuate in a forced manner a portion of the gas at a pressure lower than the delivery pressure.
  • the high pressure circuit enters into the ejector after absorbing heat from the low pressure circuit by means of the exchanger (31 ) in order to avoid subsequent phase changes.
  • Two compression stages (42, 43) operated by a turbomachine driven by a conventional engine (41 ) are provided for the gas conveyed in the said low pressure circuit.
  • a compression system is divided into several stages in order to avoid overheating of the treated fluid since the work, and consequently the energy, which must be used in order to compress this fluid is directly proportional to its temperature. Heat exchangers are therefore used in order to reduce the temperature of the fluid entering the various compression stages.
  • the heat which is released to the exchanger (33) by the gas stream leaving the first compression stage (42) offers a dual advantage: it reduces the temperature at the inlet to a second compression stage (43) and therefore the energy to be used in that compression stage, and it increases the temperature of the gas stream leaving the separator (44), adjusting it to values suitable for delivery.
  • the low pressure circuit releases to the high pressure circuit, via the exchangers (31 , 32), a quantity of heat sufficient to maintain the gaseous state.
  • a vertical separator 44 if and when situated downstream of the expansion stage divides the two phases if partial liquefaction is present in the stream.
  • the gas stream thus obtained is in a condition close to a predefined "condition suitable for sale".
  • the ejectors may be of the conventional fixed-regime type or they could be more advanced variable-regime types.
  • the geometry is allowed to be modified externally. In this way the ejector can continuously follow the boundary condition, thus improving the ejector productivity for each working point.
  • the number of ejector devices required for the system depends on their type. In the preferred case of variable-regime ejectors, a single unit for the entire system is potentially sufficient. See, for example, the corresponding diagram of the entire scavenging process shown in Fig. 4. For an alternative embodiment with conventional fixed-regime ejectors, however, by way of a non-limiting example, there may be 3 units. See, for example, the corresponding diagram of the entire offloading process shown in Fig. 5.
  • the number of units to be used is generally determined on the basis of a consideration relating to the flowrates, or volumes, and emptying times.
  • PV pressure vessels
  • modules which can be considered as fundamental elements for the unloading operations. This means that instead of unloading all pressure vessels all at once, the offloading will be done line by line.
  • the principal advantage of this kind of operational modality is the chance to recover energy from the full elements (i.e. those pressure vessels with high pressure containment) in order to empty the emptier, lower pressure ones.
  • LINE 1 is connected to the suction section of the ejector through the MP header.
  • LINE 2 is connected to the ejector through the HP header and used as motive fluid. Three fixed asset ejectors or a single variable asset ejector will work. The final pressure of the LINE 1 is around 63 bar. The final pressure of the LINE 2 is around 140 bar.
  • Phases b), c) and d) are repeated for all the lines from the second to the last one.
  • first heat exchanger [HE1 ] preferably of the gas/gas type second heat exchanger [HE2], preferably of the gas/gas type third heat exchanger [HE3], preferably of the gas/gas type external generator, for example electric motor
  • the preferred fluid of CNG might include raw gas straight from a bore well, including raw natural gas, e.g. when compressed - raw CNG or RCNG, or processed natural gas (methane), or raw or part processed natural gas, e.g. with C02 allowances of up to 14% molar, H2S allowances of up to 1 ,000 ppm, or H2 and C02 gas impurities, or other impurities or corrosive species. Other gases, including the likes of H2, however, might instead be loaded or carried.
  • the preferred use of the present invention relates to CNG applications, be that raw CNG, part processed CNG or clean CNG - processed to a standard deliverable to the end user, e.g. commercial, industrial or residential.
  • the CNG will typically be carried at a pressure of 160 bar (low temp) or 250 bar (ambient temp).
  • the pressure is instead simply in excess of 60bar, or potentially in excess of one of 100bar, 150 bar, 200 bar or 250 bar, and potentially at pressures peaking at 300 bar or 350 bar.
  • CNG can include various potential component parts in a variable mixture of ratios, some in their gas phase and others in a liquid phase, or a mix of both. Those component parts will typically comprise one or more of the following compounds: C2H6, C3H8, C4H10, C5H12, C6H14, C7H16, C8H18, C9+ hydrocarbons, C02 and H2S, plus potentially toluene, diesel and octane in a liquid state, and other impurities/species.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un système pour décharger un fluide comprimé d'une série de récipients à pression, le système comprenant un système de canalisation à niveaux multiples et au moins un dispositif d'éjecteur, le dispositif d'éjecteur étant conçu pour récupérer l'énergie d'un courant de fluide à haute pression provenant d'un récipient à pression sensiblement plein, et pour l'aspiration forcée de fluide résiduel provenant d'un récipient à pression partiellement déchargé, le système de canalisation à niveaux multiples comprenant, en utilisation, au moins trois niveaux de pression différents, qui comprennent une ligne à haute pression, une ligne à moyenne pression et une ligne à basse pression, la ligne à haute pression étant conçue pour alimenter ledit dispositif d'éjecteur avec le courant de fluide à haute pression, la ligne à moyenne pression étant conçue à la fois pour l'aspiration forcée du fluide résiduel et le mélange avec la ligne à haute pression, et la ligne à basse pression étant conçue pour chacun des processus d'aspiration mécanique du gaz résiduel qui n'est pas aspiré par l'éjecteur, de recompression de celui-ci au moyen d'au moins une turbomachine de compression, et d'assistance de la récupération d'énergie par transfert de chaleur par l'intermédiaire d'échangeurs gaz/gaz.
PCT/EP2012/074558 2012-12-05 2012-12-05 Système de décharge de cng Ceased WO2014086415A1 (fr)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020016648A1 (fr) * 2018-07-19 2020-01-23 Sasu Energiesysteme Gmbh Procédé et dispositif pour remplir un récipient avec un gaz comprimé
CN111350940A (zh) * 2020-03-13 2020-06-30 江苏安普特能源装备股份有限公司 一种加氢控制系统及其使用方法
EP3830497A1 (fr) * 2018-08-01 2021-06-09 Universidade do Porto Éjecteur à géométrie variable pour applications de refroidissement et système de refroidissement comprenant l'éjecteur à géométrie variable
US11835183B1 (en) 2023-02-01 2023-12-05 Flowserve Management Company Booster-ejector system for capturing and recycling leakage fluids

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UA24212U (en) 2007-01-22 2007-06-25 Mahamed Sedulaiovych Mahamedov Gas ejector
UA32184U (uk) 2007-12-12 2008-05-12 Subsidiary Ukrgazvydobuvannia Спосіб транспортування стиснутого природного газу
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US1841325A (en) * 1928-12-24 1932-01-12 Air Reduction Means for draining gas cylinders
JPS5761898B2 (fr) 1974-09-21 1982-12-27 Nippon Jidosha Buhin Sogo Kenkyusho Kk
WO1988001708A1 (fr) * 1986-09-02 1988-03-10 Aga Aktiebolag Procede et dispositif de vidage de recipients contenant du gaz
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FR2876981A1 (fr) 2004-10-27 2006-04-28 Gaz Transp Et Technigaz Soc Pa Dispositif pour l'alimentation en combustible d'une installation de production d'energie d'un navire
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020016648A1 (fr) * 2018-07-19 2020-01-23 Sasu Energiesysteme Gmbh Procédé et dispositif pour remplir un récipient avec un gaz comprimé
EP3830497A1 (fr) * 2018-08-01 2021-06-09 Universidade do Porto Éjecteur à géométrie variable pour applications de refroidissement et système de refroidissement comprenant l'éjecteur à géométrie variable
CN111350940A (zh) * 2020-03-13 2020-06-30 江苏安普特能源装备股份有限公司 一种加氢控制系统及其使用方法
US11835183B1 (en) 2023-02-01 2023-12-05 Flowserve Management Company Booster-ejector system for capturing and recycling leakage fluids

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