WO2014077093A1 - 電界発光素子およびこれを備えた照明装置 - Google Patents
電界発光素子およびこれを備えた照明装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014077093A1 WO2014077093A1 PCT/JP2013/078673 JP2013078673W WO2014077093A1 WO 2014077093 A1 WO2014077093 A1 WO 2014077093A1 JP 2013078673 W JP2013078673 W JP 2013078673W WO 2014077093 A1 WO2014077093 A1 WO 2014077093A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/80—Constructional details
- H10K30/81—Electrodes
- H10K30/82—Transparent electrodes, e.g. indium tin oxide [ITO] electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
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- H10K50/805—Electrodes
- H10K50/81—Anodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/805—Electrodes
- H10K50/81—Anodes
- H10K50/816—Multilayers, e.g. transparent multilayers
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/805—Electrodes
- H10K50/82—Cathodes
- H10K50/828—Transparent cathodes, e.g. comprising thin metal layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
- H10K50/856—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising reflective means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
- H10K50/858—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising refractive means, e.g. lenses
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S6/00—Lighting devices intended to be free-standing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
- F21S8/02—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation of recess-mounted type, e.g. downlighters
- F21S8/026—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation of recess-mounted type, e.g. downlighters intended to be recessed in a ceiling or like overhead structure, e.g. suspended ceiling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2105/00—Planar light sources
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
- F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
- F21Y2115/15—Organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K2102/301—Details of OLEDs
- H10K2102/351—Thickness
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electroluminescent element typified by an organic electroluminescent element and an inorganic electroluminescent element (electroluminescent element, hereinafter also referred to as “EL element”) and a lighting device provided with the same.
- electroluminescent element typified by an organic electroluminescent element and an inorganic electroluminescent element (electroluminescent element, hereinafter also referred to as “EL element”) and a lighting device provided with the same.
- An EL element typified by an organic EL element and an inorganic EL element generally has a configuration in which an electroluminescent layer, a transparent electrode layer, a reflective layer, and the like are laminated on a transparent substrate, and emits light in the electroluminescent layer. When the light is extracted through the transparent electrode layer, the light is irradiated to the outside.
- an organic EL element can obtain high luminance with low power consumption, and exhibits excellent performance in terms of responsiveness and life.
- the light that can be extracted to the outside in the EL element remains at about 20% of the light emitted from the electroluminescent layer, and most of the remaining light is lost.
- This loss is roughly classified into substrate loss, waveguide loss, and plasmon loss in a bottom emission type EL element in which light is extracted to the outside via a transparent substrate, for example.
- Substrate loss occurs when light emitted from the electroluminescent layer is coupled to a substrate mode that is confined inside the transparent substrate.
- Waveguide loss occurs when light emitted from the electroluminescent layer is coupled to a waveguide mode that is confined in the electroluminescent layer, the transparent electrode layer, or the like.
- plasmon loss occurs when light emitted from the electroluminescent layer is coupled to a plasmon mode that excites surface plasmons of a metal film such as a reflective layer.
- Patent Document 1 describes the wavelength of light emitted from an organic electroluminescent layer, where d is the thickness of the organic electroluminescent layer, n is the refractive index of the organic electroluminescent layer.
- ⁇ is ⁇
- the waveguide loss can be reduced by configuring the organic EL element so that d, n, and ⁇ satisfy the condition of d ⁇ ⁇ / (4 ⁇ n). Is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 JP 2009-181856 A discloses that in an organic EL element, a transparent electrode layer is formed of a so-called composite conductive film containing a wire-like conductor in a resin. It is possible to suppress the refractive index of the transparent electrode layer to 1.8 or less which is the lower limit value of the refractive index of ITO (mixture of indium oxide and tin oxide) which is a general transparent electrode layer material, It is disclosed that waveguide loss can be reduced by this.
- ITO mixture of indium oxide and tin oxide
- one of the electrode layers adjacent to the electroluminescent layer is composed of a metal film, which also serves as a reflective layer.
- the layer and the metal film cannot be arranged away from each other, and there is a problem that the occurrence of plasmon loss cannot be reduced as described above.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and can reduce both the waveguide loss and the plasmon loss, and can efficiently emit light emitted from the electroluminescent layer. It is an object of the present invention to provide an electroluminescent element that can be taken out and a lighting device including the same.
- the electroluminescent device is opposite to the transparent substrate, the first transparent electrode layer provided on one main surface of the transparent substrate, and the side of the first transparent electrode layer on which the transparent substrate is located.
- An electroluminescent layer provided on the main surface on the side, a second transparent electrode layer provided on the main surface of the electroluminescent layer opposite to the side on which the first transparent electrode layer is located, and the first (2) a reflective layer made of a metal film provided on the side opposite to the side where the electroluminescent layer is located when viewed from the transparent electrode layer.
- the effective refractive index of the transparent substrate is lower than the refractive index of any film included in the electroluminescent layer, and the effective refractive index of the first transparent electrode layer and the effective refractive index of the second transparent electrode layer are Is lower than the refractive index of any film contained in the electroluminescent layer.
- the effective refractive index means the refractive index itself of a single film when the specific layer is composed of a single film, and the specific layer is composed of a plurality of films.
- it means an effective refractive index derived in consideration of the refractive index and film thickness of each of the plurality of films.
- the refractive index n A, the film having a thickness d A, the refractive index n B, in the case where the layer in the laminated film of a film having a thickness of d B is configured the effective refractive index of the layer, (N A ⁇ d A + n B ⁇ d B ) / (d A + d B )
- the lighting device according to the present invention includes the above-described electroluminescent element according to the present invention as a light source.
- both the waveguide loss and the plasmon loss can be reduced, and the electroluminescent element capable of extracting light emitted from the electroluminescent layer to the outside with high efficiency and the same are provided. It can be set as a lighting device.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic plan view of the organic EL element in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a schematic cross section of the organic EL element shown in FIG. It is a schematic cross section of the organic EL element in Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a schematic cross section of the organic EL element in Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a schematic cross section of the organic EL element in Embodiment 4 of this invention. It is the schematic of the illuminating device in Embodiment 5 of this invention. It is the schematic of the illuminating device in Embodiment 6 of this invention. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic EL element in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic cross section of the organic EL element shown in FIG. It is a schematic cross section of the organic EL element in Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a schematic cross section of the organic EL element in Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a schematic cross section of the organic
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic EL element in Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. It is the graph which represented the relationship between the thickness of the high refractive index part of the organic EL element which concerns on the comparative example 1, and the equivalent refractive index of waveguide mode according to wavelength. It is the graph showing the relationship between the thickness of the high refractive index part of the organic EL element which concerns on the comparative example 2, and the equivalent refractive index of waveguide mode according to wavelength.
- 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the thickness of the high refractive index portion of the organic EL element according to Example 1 and the equivalent refractive index of the waveguide mode for each wavelength.
- the present inventor has made the refractive index of the pair of transparent electrode layers close to the refractive index of the transparent substrate among various layers constituting the electroluminescent element and relatively high refraction including the electroluminescent layer and the pair of transparent electrode layers.
- the total thickness of the portion that is the ratio is reduced to a thickness that is the same as or close to the thickness that is the condition for generating the waveguide mode, or even thinner than the thickness that is the condition for generating the waveguide mode.
- the electroluminescent layer and the reflective layer made of a metal film are sufficiently separated from each other, and the space between them is filled with a sufficiently low refractive index member.
- the light coupled to the plasmon mode can be significantly reduced, and based on these, the knowledge that the light emitted from the electroluminescent layer can be extracted to the outside with high efficiency can be obtained. And it has completed the embodiment of the invention shown.
- Embodiments 1 to 4 an organic EL element that is a surface light emitting element to which the present invention is applied will be exemplified as Embodiments 1 to 4, and an illumination device to which the present invention is applied will be exemplified as Embodiments 5 and 6.
- symbol is attached
- FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of an organic EL element according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the organic EL element shown in FIG. 1 taken along line II-II shown in FIG. is there.
- the organic EL element 1A in this Embodiment is demonstrated.
- the organic EL element 1A in the present embodiment is a bottom emission type organic EL element in which light is extracted to the outside via a transparent substrate 10, and the outer shape thereof is illustrated, for example. It is formed in the shape of a flat plate or sheet having a substantially rectangular shape in plan view with a predetermined thickness.
- the organic EL element 1 ⁇ / b> A includes a transparent substrate 10, a first transparent electrode layer 11, an organic electroluminescent layer 12, a second transparent electrode layer 13, and a reflective layer 14.
- the first transparent electrode layer 11 corresponds to the anode
- the second transparent electrode layer 13 corresponds to the cathode.
- the transparent substrate 10 serves as a base material on which the above-described various layers are formed on the main surface, and is made of an insulating member that favorably transmits light in the visible light region.
- the transparent substrate 10 may be a rigid substrate or a flexible substrate.
- the transparent substrate 10 is composed of, for example, a glass plate, a plastic plate, a polymer film, a silicon plate, or a laminate of these from the above-described light-transmitting viewpoint.
- the first transparent electrode layer 11 is provided on one main surface of the transparent substrate 10 and is composed of a film that transmits light in the visible light region and exhibits good electrical conductivity. More specifically, the first transparent electrode layer 11 is composed of, for example, a conductive transparent resin film 11b having a sufficiently low refractive index.
- the first transparent electrode layer 11 is provided on the transparent substrate 10 by employing, for example, any one of an evaporation method, a spin coating method, a casting method, an ink jet method, a printing method, and the like.
- the spin coating method, the ink jet method, and the printing method can be particularly preferably used because a homogeneous film can be easily obtained and the generation of pinholes can be suppressed.
- the organic electroluminescent layer 12 is provided on the main surface of the first transparent electrode layer 11 opposite to the side on which the transparent substrate 10 is located, and includes at least a light emitting layer made of a fluorescent compound or a phosphorescent compound. And a film that transmits light in the visible light region satisfactorily.
- the organic electroluminescent layer 12 is a hole transport layer located on the first transparent electrode layer 11 side which is the anode side from the light emitting layer, or an electron located on the second transparent electrode layer 13 side which is the cathode side from the light emitting layer. You may have a transport layer.
- a lithium fluoride film, an inorganic metal salt film, or the like may be formed at any position in the thickness direction in the organic electroluminescent layer 12.
- an organic metal complex may be used from the viewpoint of improving the external quantum efficiency of the organic EL element 1A and extending the light emission lifetime.
- the metal element involved in the formation of the complex is preferably any one metal belonging to Group VIII, Group IX, and Group X of the periodic table of elements, Al, Zn, and particularly Ir, Pt, Al, Zn is preferable.
- the organic electroluminescent layer 12 is provided on the first transparent electrode layer 11 by adopting any one of, for example, a vapor deposition method, a spin coat method, a cast method, an ink jet method, and a printing method.
- a vapor deposition method for example, a vapor deposition method, a spin coat method, a cast method, an ink jet method, and a printing method.
- the spin coating method, the ink jet method, and the printing method can be particularly preferably used because a homogeneous film can be easily obtained and the generation of pinholes can be suppressed.
- the second transparent electrode layer 13 is provided on the main surface of the organic electroluminescent layer 12 on the side opposite to the side on which the first transparent electrode layer 11 is located, and transmits the light in the visible light region well. It is comprised with the film
- the second transparent electrode layer 13 is provided on the organic electroluminescent layer 12 by employing, for example, any one of a vapor deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, an ink jet method, a printing method, and the like.
- the spin coating method, the ink jet method, and the printing method can be particularly preferably used because a homogeneous film can be easily obtained and the generation of pinholes can be suppressed.
- the reflective layer 14 is provided on the main surface of the second transparent electrode layer 13 opposite to the side where the organic electroluminescent layer 12 is located, and is formed of a film that favorably reflects light in the visible light region. ing. More specifically, the reflective layer 14 is composed of a metal film made of, for example, Al, Ag, Ni, Ti, Na, Ca, or an alloy containing any of these. The reflective layer 14 is provided on the second transparent electrode layer 13 by employing, for example, a vapor deposition method or a sputtering method.
- the refractive index n s of the transparent substrate 10 is lower than the refractive index of any film included in the organic electroluminescent layer 12 (that is, the organic electric field).
- the refractive index of the first transparent electrode layer 11 is configured so as to be lower than the refractive index n 0 of the film having the lowest refractive index among the films included in the light emitting layer 12 (n s ⁇ n 0 ).
- n 1 and the refractive index n 2 of the second transparent electrode layer 13 are both lower than the refractive index of any film included in the organic electroluminescent layer 12 (that is, the film included in the organic electroluminescent layer 12).
- the refractive index n 0 of the film having the lowest refractive index is configured (n 1 ⁇ n 0 and n 2 ⁇ n 0 ).
- the refractive index n s of the transparent substrate 10 is the same as that of the film included in the organic electroluminescent layer 12.
- n 2 of the second transparent electrode layer 13 made of a refractive index n 1 and the conductive transparent resin film 13b of the layer 11, the refraction of the film having the lowest refractive index of the film contained in the organic electroluminescent layer 12
- the ratio n 0 is configured to be about 1.5 to 1.7 lower than 1.7.
- the refractive index n 1 of the first transparent electrode layer 11 made of the conductive transparent resin film 11 b and the refractive index n 2 of the second transparent electrode layer 13 made of the conductive transparent resin film 13 b are the refractive index n of the transparent substrate 10. It is desirable that the refractive index be close to s .
- Examples of the transparent substrate 10 satisfying the above conditions include the glass plate, the plastic plate, the polymer film, the silicon plate, or a laminate of these, and the refractive index thereof is about 1.5 to 1.7. Preferably, a member having a refractive index of about 1.5 is used.
- specific materials for the conductive transparent resin films 11b and 13b include, for example, PEDOT / PSS (mixture of polyethylene dioxythiophene and polystyrene sulfonic acid), and the refractive index thereof is about 1.5. It is.
- the high refractive index portion included in the organic EL element 1A is limited to the organic electroluminescent layer 12, the thickness thereof is d, and the effective refractive index is
- n is set and ⁇ is the peak wavelength of light emitted from the organic electroluminescent layer 12, d, n, and ⁇ preferably satisfy the condition of d ⁇ / (4 ⁇ n). Configured as follows.
- the wavelength of light emitted from the organic electroluminescent layer 12 substantially matches the wavelength of light in the visible light region, and is approximately 400 nm to It is about 800 nm.
- the first transparent electrode layer 11 and the second transparent electrode layer 13 both have a sufficiently low refractive index. , 13b, the refractive index difference between the first transparent electrode layer 11 and the transparent substrate 10 that determines the total reflection condition at the interface between the first transparent electrode layer 11 and the transparent substrate 10 is reduced. This can eliminate the light coupled to the waveguide mode.
- the first transparent electrode layer 11 and the second transparent electrode layer 13 are both conductive transparent resin films 11b and 13b having a sufficiently low refractive index. Therefore, the high refractive index portion included in the organic EL element 1A can be limited to the organic electroluminescent layer 12, and the thickness of the organic electroluminescent layer 12 which is the high refractive index portion can be set to the waveguide mode. Light that is coupled to the waveguide mode because it can be thinned to a thickness that is the same as or close to the thickness that is the generation condition, or thinner than the thickness that is the generation condition of the waveguide mode. Can be significantly reduced or eliminated altogether.
- the first transparent electrode layer 11 and the second transparent electrode layer 13 are both conductive transparent resin films 11b having a sufficiently low refractive index, 13b, the organic electroluminescent layer 12 and the reflective layer 14 made of a metal film can be sufficiently separated while being sufficiently filled with the second transparent electrode layer 13 having a low refractive index.
- the light coupled to the plasmon mode can be greatly reduced or completely eliminated.
- the organic EL element 1A it is possible to reduce both the waveguide loss and the plasmon loss, and the light emitted from the organic electroluminescent layer 12 is highly efficiently transmitted to the outside. It becomes possible to take out.
- the effective refractive indexes of the first transparent electrode layer 11 and the second transparent electrode layer 13 are set to The first transparent electrode layer 11 and the second transparent electrode layer 13 can be made sufficiently lower than the case where an ITO film or the like is used. Therefore, the requirements for the refractive index required for the transparent substrate 10 are relaxed, and it is possible to use a material that is more advantageous in terms of cost and workability as the transparent substrate 10.
- both the 1st transparent electrode layer 11 and the 2nd transparent electrode layer 13 illustrated the case where it comprised with the low-refractive-index conductive transparent resin film, If at least one of these is composed of a conductive transparent resin film having a low refractive index, a considerable effect can be obtained.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic EL element according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. With reference to FIG. 3, the organic EL element 1B in the present embodiment will be described.
- the organic EL element 1B in the present embodiment is different only in the configuration of the second transparent electrode layer 13 when compared with the organic EL element 1A in the first embodiment described above.
- the second transparent electrode layer 13 is composed of a laminated film of a transparent metal thin film 13a and a conductive transparent resin film 13b.
- the transparent metal thin film 13a is provided on the main surface of the organic electroluminescent layer 12 opposite to the side on which the first transparent electrode layer 11 is located.
- a metal thin film such as Ag, Al, Au, or Cu is used. Composed.
- the transparent metal thin film 13a is provided on the organic electroluminescent layer 12 by employing, for example, a vapor deposition method or a sputtering method.
- the transparent metal thin film 13a in order for the transparent metal thin film 13a to have a sufficient transmittance, it is desirable that the transparent metal thin film 13a is thinner than L d represented by the above formula (2).
- the conductive transparent resin film 13b is provided on the main surface of the transparent metal thin film 13a opposite to the side where the organic electroluminescent layer 12 is located.
- the material, film forming method, and the like of the conductive transparent resin film 13b are the same as those in the first embodiment described above.
- the refractive index n s of the transparent substrate 10 is lower than the refractive index of any film included in the organic electroluminescent layer 12 (that is, the organic electric field).
- the refractive index of the first transparent electrode layer 11 is configured so as to be lower than the refractive index n 0 of the film having the lowest refractive index among the films included in the light emitting layer 12 (n s ⁇ n 0 ).
- n 1 and the effective refractive index n 2 of the second transparent electrode layer 13 made of a laminated film of the transparent metal thin film 13a and the conductive transparent resin film 13b are both refracted by any film included in the organic electroluminescent layer 12.
- the effective refractive index n 2 of the second transparent electrode layer 13 is substantially equal to the refractive index of the conductive transparent resin film 13b.
- the effective refractive index n 2 of the second transparent electrode layer 13 composed of a laminated film of the transparent metal thin film 13 a and the conductive transparent resin film 13 b is configured to have a refractive index close to the refractive index n s of the transparent substrate 10. It is desirable.
- Examples of the transparent metal thin film 13a that satisfies the above conditions include the above-described sufficiently thin metal thin films such as Ag, Al, Au, and Cu.
- the high refractive index portion included in the organic EL element 1B is substantially limited to the organic electroluminescent layer 12, and the thickness of the high refractive index portion is reduced.
- d is the effective refractive index n
- ⁇ the peak wavelength of light emitted from the organic electroluminescent layer 12
- these d, n, and ⁇ are preferably d ⁇ / (4 It is comprised so that the conditions of xn) may be satisfied.
- the first transparent electrode layer 11 is composed of the conductive transparent resin film 11b having a sufficiently low refractive index and the second. Since the transparent electrode layer 13 is composed of a laminated film of the transparent metal thin film 13a and the conductive transparent resin film 13b having a sufficiently low effective refractive index, the waveguide mode and the conductive mode are the same as in the first embodiment described above. The light coupled to the plasmon mode can be greatly reduced or eliminated altogether.
- the organic EL element 1B it is possible to reduce both the waveguide loss and the plasmon loss, and the light emitted from the organic electroluminescent layer 12 is highly efficiently transmitted to the outside. It becomes possible to take out.
- the transparent metal thin film 13a is positioned in contact with the organic electroluminescent layer 12, there may be a concern that plasmon loss may occur. If the transparent metal thin film 13a is sufficiently thin (for example, thin to about 10 nm or less), plasmon loss due to the metal thin film does not occur. Further, since the transmittance of the transparent metal thin film 13a is sufficiently thin, the transmittance of the second transparent electrode layer 13 is not impaired.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic EL element according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. With reference to FIG. 4, the organic EL element 1C in the present embodiment will be described.
- the organic EL element 1C in the present embodiment is different only in the configuration of the first transparent electrode layer 11 when compared with the organic EL element 1B in the second embodiment described above.
- the first transparent electrode layer 11 is configured by a laminated film of the transparent metal thin film 11 a and the conductive transparent resin film 11 b. Has been.
- the conductive transparent resin film 11b is provided on the main surface of the transparent substrate 10 on the side where the organic electroluminescent layer 12 is located.
- the material, film forming method, and the like of the conductive transparent resin film 11b are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the transparent metal thin film 11a is provided on the main surface of the conductive transparent resin film 11b opposite to the side where the transparent substrate 10 is located.
- the material, film forming method, film thickness, and the like of the transparent metal thin film 11a are the same as those of the transparent metal thin film 13a described in the second embodiment.
- the refractive index n s of the transparent substrate 10 to be lower than the refractive index of any of the films contained in the organic electroluminescent layer 12 (i.e., the organic electroluminescent
- the transparent metal thin film 11a and the conductive transparent resin are configured (n s ⁇ n 0 ) so as to be lower than the refractive index n 0 of the film having the lowest refractive index among the films included in the light emitting layer 12.
- the effective refractive index n 1 of the first transparent electrode layer 11 made of a laminated film of the film 11b, and the effective refractive index n 2 of the second transparent electrode layer 13 made of a laminated film of the transparent metal thin film 13a and the conductive transparent resin film 13b are lower than the refractive index of any film included in the organic electroluminescent layer 12 (that is, the refractive index n of the film having the lowest refractive index among the films included in the organic electroluminescent layer 12). It will be lower than 0 (N 1 ⁇ n 0 and n 2 ⁇ n 0 ).
- the effective refractive index n 1 of the first transparent electrode layer 11 is substantially equal to the refractive index of the conductive transparent resin film 11b.
- the effective refractive index n 1 of the first transparent electrode layer 11 composed of a laminated film of the transparent metal thin film 11 a and the conductive transparent resin film 11 b is configured to have a refractive index close to the refractive index n s of the transparent substrate 10. It is desirable.
- the high refractive index portion included in the organic EL element 1C is substantially limited to the organic electroluminescent layer 12, and the thickness of the high refractive index portion is reduced.
- d is the effective refractive index n
- ⁇ the peak wavelength of light emitted from the organic electroluminescent layer 12
- these d, n, and ⁇ are preferably d ⁇ / (4 It is comprised so that the conditions of xn) may be satisfied.
- the first transparent electrode layer 11 is a laminated film of the transparent metal thin film 11a and the conductive transparent resin film 11b having a sufficiently low effective refractive index.
- the second transparent electrode layer 13 is composed of a laminated film of the transparent metal thin film 13a and the conductive transparent resin film 13b having a sufficiently low effective refractive index.
- both of the waveguide loss and the plasmon loss can be reduced, and the light emitted from the organic electroluminescent layer 12 is highly efficiently transmitted to the outside. It becomes possible to take out.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic EL element according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. With reference to FIG. 5, organic EL element 1D in this Embodiment is demonstrated.
- the organic EL element 1D in the present embodiment is different only in that it further includes a transparent optical adjustment layer 15 when compared with the organic EL element 1C in the third embodiment described above. ing.
- the transparent optical adjustment layer 15 is provided on the main surface of the second transparent electrode layer 13 opposite to the side on which the organic electroluminescent layer 12 is located, and has an insulating property that transmits light in the visible light region satisfactorily. It is composed of a film. More specifically, the transparent optical adjustment layer 15 is constituted by a non-conductive transparent resin film having a sufficiently low refractive index, for example, represented by a SiO x film.
- the transparent optical adjustment layer 15 is provided on the second transparent electrode layer 13 by adopting, for example, any one of an evaporation method, a spin coating method, a casting method, an ink jet method, a printing method, and the like.
- the spin coating method, the ink jet method, and the printing method can be particularly preferably used because a homogeneous film can be easily obtained and the generation of pinholes can be suppressed.
- the high refractive index portion included in the organic EL element 1D can be substantially limited to the organic electroluminescent layer 12, the above-described implementation is performed.
- the light coupled to the waveguide mode and the plasmon mode can be greatly reduced, or these can be eliminated completely.
- the organic EL element 1D it is possible to reduce both the waveguide loss and the plasmon loss, and the light emitted from the organic electroluminescent layer 12 is highly efficiently transmitted to the outside. It becomes possible to take out.
- the organic electroluminescent layer 12 and the metal are provided by providing the transparent optical adjustment layer 15 having a predetermined thickness as compared with the organic EL element 1C in the above-described third embodiment. While being further away from the reflective layer 14 made of a film, the space between them can be filled with a sufficiently low refractive index member. Therefore, by adopting this configuration, it is possible to further reduce the light coupled to the plasmon mode. Such a configuration has a light absorption loss compared to the case where the thickness of the conductive transparent resin film 13b included in the second transparent electrode layer 13 is simply increased in the organic EL element 1C according to Embodiment 3 described above. Is advantageous in that is reduced.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a lighting apparatus according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention. With reference to FIG. 5, the illuminating device 20A in this Embodiment is demonstrated.
- the lighting device 20 ⁇ / b> A is a room lamp installed on the ceiling 22 of the room 21 and illuminates the room 21.
- the lighting device 20A includes the organic EL element 1A in the first embodiment described above as a light source.
- the lighting device 20A irradiates, for example, white light toward the room.
- the illuminating device 20A in the present embodiment can be configured to be thin by providing the organic EL element 1A as a light source, and the extraction efficiency of light emitted toward the outside is better than the conventional one. High luminance with low power consumption can be realized.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a lighting apparatus according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention. With reference to FIG. 6, the illuminating device 20B in this Embodiment is demonstrated.
- the illumination device 20B in the present embodiment is an illumination stand that is used by being mounted on a desk, for example, and mainly illuminates the hand.
- the lighting device 20B includes a stand unit 23 and a head unit 24, and the head unit 24 includes the organic EL element 1A according to the first embodiment described above as a light source.
- the illuminating device 20B irradiates white light toward a hand, for example.
- the illuminating device 20B in the present embodiment can be configured to be thin by providing the organic EL element 1A as a light source, and the extraction efficiency of light emitted toward the outside is better than the conventional one. High luminance with low power consumption can be realized.
- the organic EL elements 1A to 1D in the above-described first to fourth embodiments are modeled as Examples 1 to 4, respectively, and their optical characteristics are analyzed to reduce the waveguide loss and the plasmon loss. The result of verifying whether it can be explained. For comparison, the same analysis was performed on the organic EL elements 100A and 100B in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 described below.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the organic EL element in Comparative Example 1
- FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the organic EL element in Comparative Example 2.
- the organic EL element 100A in Comparative Example 1 has a configuration in which a transparent substrate 110, a transparent electrode layer 111, an organic electroluminescent layer 112, and an electrode / reflective layer 116 are sequentially stacked in this order. It is what has. More specifically, the transparent electrode layer 111 is composed of a transparent metal oxide film, and the electrode / reflection layer 116 is composed of a metal film.
- the organic EL element 100B in Comparative Example 2 includes a transparent substrate 110, a first transparent electrode layer 111, an organic electroluminescent layer 112, a second transparent electrode layer 113, and a reflective layer 114.
- the layers are sequentially stacked. More specifically, the first transparent electrode layer 111 and the second transparent electrode layer 113 are made of a transparent metal oxide film, and the reflection layer 114 is made of a metal film.
- Analysis A An analysis for calculating the relationship between the thickness of the high refractive index portion formed in the organic EL element and the equivalent refractive index of the waveguide mode for each wavelength (referred to as Analysis A), An analysis (this is referred to as Analysis B) was performed for calculating the relationship between the thickness of the high refractive index portion and the ratio of light coupled to each mode for light of a specific wavelength.
- the equivalent refractive index of the waveguide mode is an equivalent refractive index felt by the waveguide mode propagating across both the high refractive index portion and the low refractive index portion.
- Analysis A it is possible to grasp how much the waveguide loss can be reduced and how much the refractive index of the transparent substrate can be lowered. Further, the latter analysis (analysis B) makes it possible to grasp how much the waveguide loss and the plasmon loss can be reduced and how much the ratio of light that can be extracted to the outside is improved.
- the organic EL element according to Comparative Example 1 is the organic EL element 100A shown in FIG.
- the transparent substrate 110 is composed of the optical glass BK7 (refractive index 1.5, plate thickness 0.7 mm)
- the transparent electrode layer 111 is an ITO film (refracted).
- the organic electroluminescent layer 112 is a laminated film containing an organic material typified by Alq3 (tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum) (the refractive index of each film). 1.7 to 1.9 (refractive index 1.8 as a representative value), total film thickness 100 nm), and the electrode / reflection layer 116 was composed of an Al film (film thickness 100 nm).
- the organic EL element according to Comparative Example 2 is the organic EL element 100B shown in FIG.
- the transparent substrate 110 is configured by the optical glass BK7 (refractive index 1.5, plate thickness 0.7 mm), and the first transparent electrode layer 111 and the second transparent electrode layer 110 are formed.
- Each of the transparent electrode layers 113 is composed of an ITO film (refractive index 1.8 to 2.2, film thickness 100 nm), and the organic electroluminescent layer 112 is a laminated film containing an organic material typified by Alq3 (refraction of each film)
- the refractive index was 1.7 to 1.9 (refractive index 1.8 as a representative value, total film thickness 100 nm)
- the reflective layer 114 was composed of an Al film (film thickness 100 nm).
- the organic EL element according to Example 1 has the same configuration as that of the organic EL element 1A according to Embodiment 1 described above.
- the transparent substrate 10 is composed of the optical glass BK7 (refractive index 1.5, plate thickness 0.7 mm), and the first transparent electrode layer 11 is electrically conductive.
- the conductive transparent resin film 11b and the conductive transparent resin film 13b as the second transparent electrode layer 13 are each composed of a PEDOT / PSS film (refractive index 1.5, film thickness 100 nm), and the organic electroluminescent layer 12 is made of Alq3.
- the reflective layer 14 is an Al film (Film thickness 100 nm).
- the organic EL element according to Example 2 has the same configuration as that of the organic EL element 1B according to Embodiment 2 described above.
- the transparent substrate 10 is composed of the optical glass BK7 (refractive index 1.5, plate thickness 0.7 mm), and the first transparent electrode layer 11 is electrically conductive.
- the transparent transparent resin film 11b is composed of a PEDOT / PSS film (refractive index 1.5, film thickness 100 nm), and the transparent metal thin film 13a as the second transparent electrode layer 13 is composed of an Ag film (film thickness 6 nm).
- the conductive transparent resin film 13b as the second transparent electrode layer 13 is composed of a PEDOT / PSS film (refractive index 1.5, film thickness 100 nm), and the organic electroluminescent layer 12 is made of an organic material typified by Alq3.
- the reflective layer 14 is made of an Al film (100 nm thick) with a laminated film (refractive index 1.7 to 1.9 of each film (refractive index 1.8 as a representative value), total film thickness 100 nm). Configured.
- the organic EL device according to Example 3 has the same configuration as that of the organic EL device 1C according to Embodiment 3 described above.
- the transparent substrate 10 is configured by the optical glass BK7 (refractive index 1.5, plate thickness 0.7 mm), and the first transparent electrode layer 11 is transparent.
- the metal thin film 11a and the transparent metal thin film 13a as the second transparent electrode layer 13 are each composed of an Ag film (film thickness 6 nm), and the conductive transparent resin film 11b and the second transparent electrode layer as the first transparent electrode layer 11 are formed.
- the conductive transparent resin film 13b as 13 is composed of a PEDOT / PSS film (refractive index 1.5, film thickness 100 nm), and the organic electroluminescent layer 12 is a laminated film containing an organic material typified by Alq3 (each The film has a refractive index of 1.7 to 1.9 (a refractive index of 1.8 as a representative value, a total film thickness of 100 nm), and the reflective layer 14 is formed of an Al film (film thickness of 100 nm).
- the organic EL element according to Example 4 has the same configuration as that of the organic EL element 1D according to Embodiment 4 described above.
- the transparent substrate 10 is configured by the optical glass BK7 (refractive index 1.5, plate thickness 0.7 mm), and the first transparent electrode layer 11 is transparent.
- the metal thin film 11a and the transparent metal thin film 13a as the second transparent electrode layer 13 are each composed of an Ag film (film thickness 6 nm), and the conductive transparent resin film 11b and the second transparent electrode layer as the first transparent electrode layer 11 are formed.
- the conductive transparent resin film 13b as 13 is composed of a PEDOT / PSS film (refractive index 1.5, film thickness 100 nm), and the organic electroluminescent layer 12 is a laminated film containing an organic material typified by Alq3 (each The transparent optical adjustment layer 15 is composed of a SiO x film (refractive index of 1.5, film) with a refractive index of the film of 1.7 to 1.9 (refractive index of 1.8 as a representative value, total film thickness of 100 nm). And a reflective layer 14 It was constituted by Al film (thickness 100 nm).
- FIGS. 10 and 11 are graphs showing the relationship between the thickness of the high refractive index portion of the organic EL element according to Comparative Examples 1 and 2 and the equivalent refractive index of the waveguide mode for each wavelength
- FIGS. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the thickness of the high refractive index portion of the organic EL element according to Examples 1 to 4 and the equivalent refractive index of the waveguide mode for each wavelength.
- the high refractive index As shown in FIG. 10, in the organic EL element according to Comparative Example 1, since the ITO film which is a transparent electrode layer in addition to the organic electroluminescent layer corresponds to the high refractive index portion, the high refractive index.
- the effective thickness of the portion is a value obtained by adding 100 nm which is the thickness of the ITO film to the thickness d shown on the horizontal axis of FIG. Therefore, the equivalent refractive index of the waveguide mode is particularly high for short-wavelength light, and in order to improve the efficiency of light extracted outside, high refraction is disadvantageous in terms of cost and workability as a transparent substrate. It can be seen that there is a problem that requires the rate.
- the ITO film which is a 1st transparent electrode layer and the ITO film which is a 2nd transparent electrode layer are included. Since these correspond to the high refractive index portion, the effective thickness of the high refractive index portion is a value obtained by adding 200 nm, which is the total thickness of the ITO film, to the thickness d shown on the horizontal axis of FIG.
- the equivalent refractive index of the waveguide mode is particularly high for light with a short wavelength, and in order to improve the efficiency of the light extracted to the outside, the cost and It can be seen that there arises a problem that a material having a high refractive index which is disadvantageous in terms of workability is required.
- the thickness of the high refractive index portion is thus, it matches the thickness d shown on the horizontal axis of FIG. Therefore, as understood from FIGS. 12 to 15, long wavelength light is not coupled to the waveguide mode in the thickness range of 50 nm to 100 nm, and as a result, the equivalent refractive index of the waveguide mode is lost. is doing. Furthermore, the equivalent refractive index for short-wavelength light is also reduced to about 1.5 to 1.6, which is a relatively low refractive index that is advantageous in terms of cost and workability as a transparent substrate. It can be seen that it will be available.
- FIGS. 16 and 17 are graphs showing the relationship between the thickness of the high refractive index portion of the organic EL element according to Comparative Examples 1 and 2 and the ratio of light coupled to each mode for light of a specific wavelength.
- 18 to 21 are graphs showing the relationship between the thickness of the high refractive index portion of the organic EL element according to Examples 1 to 4 and the ratio of light coupled to each mode for light of a specific wavelength.
- the specific wavelength is 600 nm which is a representative wavelength of visible light.
- the air mode shown in the figure is a mode that can be taken out of the organic EL element.
- the distance between the organic electroluminescent layer and the metal film can be ensured by the presence of the second transparent electrode layer.
- the refractive index of the second transparent electrode layer is high, the waveguide mode becomes dominant. For this reason, the waveguide loss becomes very large, and it can be understood that the light emitted from the organic electroluminescent layer cannot be extracted to the outside with high efficiency.
- the refractive index is sufficiently low.
- the sufficient distance between the organic electroluminescent layer and the reflective layer, which is a metal film can significantly reduce the waveguide mode and the plasmon mode.
- the mode has increased significantly.
- the waveguide mode can be completely removed by setting the thickness d of the organic electroluminescent layer, which is a high refractive index layer, to 50 nm or less. Therefore, it can be seen that waveguide loss and plasmon loss can be greatly reduced, and light emitted from the organic electroluminescent layer can be extracted outside with high efficiency.
- the plasmon mode is slightly higher than that of the organic EL element according to Comparative Example 2 described above. This is because the refractive index between the organic electroluminescent layer and the reflective layer is low. It is considered that the optical distance of is slightly close.
- the organic EL device according to Example 1 is advantageous in that the waveguide mode can be significantly reduced as compared with the organic EL device according to Comparative Example 2, and the region where the thickness d of the organic electroluminescent layer is 50 nm or more.
- the waveguide mode can be significantly reduced as compared with the organic EL device according to Comparative Example 2, and the region where the thickness d of the organic electroluminescent layer is 50 nm or more.
- the waveguide mode in the organic EL elements according to Examples 2 to 4, the waveguide mode can be completely or almost completely removed, and accordingly, the substrate mode and the air can be removed.
- the mode has increased significantly. Therefore, it can be seen that waveguide loss and plasmon loss can be greatly reduced, and light emitted from the organic electroluminescent layer can be extracted outside with high efficiency.
- the light coupled to the waveguide mode and the plasmon mode can be reduced by using the organic EL elements 1A to 1D in the first to fourth embodiments described above, the light coupled to the substrate mode among the remaining modes. Is the light confined inside the transparent substrate, and this will result in loss of the substrate as long as it is not treated.
- the substrate mode for example, by attaching an optical sheet called a light extraction sheet to the interface with the air of the transparent substrate, or by providing an uneven shape on the interface, multiple reflections between the reflective layer Since a part of the light can be extracted to the outside, if these configurations are employed, light can be extracted to the outside with higher efficiency.
- the present invention is applied to the organic EL element including the organic electroluminescent layer and the lighting device including the organic EL element is illustrated.
- the present invention can be applied to an inorganic EL element including an inorganic electroluminescent layer and a lighting device including the inorganic EL element.
- the explanation has been given by exemplifying the indoor lamp and the lighting stand as the lighting device, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to this, and the electroluminescent element is used as the light source.
- the present invention it is possible to apply the present invention to various devices (for example, a display, a display device, an electric light display signboard, an advertisement, an outdoor light, etc.).
- 1A-1D organic EL element 10 transparent substrate, 11 first transparent electrode layer, 11a transparent metal thin film, 11b conductive transparent resin film, 12 organic electroluminescent layer, 13 second transparent electrode layer, 13a transparent metal thin film, 13b conductive Transparent resin film, 14 reflective layer, 15 transparent optical adjustment layer, 20A, 20B lighting device, 21 room, 22 ceiling, 23 stand part, 24 head part.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1における有機EL素子の模式平面図であり、図2は、図1に示す有機EL素子の図1中に示すII―II線に沿った模式断面図である。これら図1および図2を参照して、本実施の形態における有機EL素子1Aについて説明する。
図3は、本発明の実施の形態2における有機EL素子の模式断面図である。図3を参照して、本実施の形態における有機EL素子1Bについて説明する。
図4は、本発明の実施の形態3における有機EL素子の模式断面図である。図4を参照して、本実施の形態における有機EL素子1Cについて説明する。
図5は、本発明の実施の形態4における有機EL素子の模式断面図である。図5を参照して、本実施の形態における有機EL素子1Dについて説明する。
図5は、本発明の実施の形態5における照明装置の概略図である。図5を参照して、本実施の形態における照明装置20Aについて説明する。
図6は、本発明の実施の形態6における照明装置の概略図である。図6を参照して、本実施の形態における照明装置20Bについて説明する。
図8は、比較例1おける有機EL素子の模式断面図であり、図9は、比較例2における有機EL素子の模式断面図である。
上述した検証を行なうに当たり、有機EL素子内に形成される高屈折率部の厚みと導波モードの等価屈折率との関係を波長別に算出する解析(これを解析Aとする)を行なうとともに、高屈折率部の厚みと各モードに結合する光の割合との関係を特定の波長の光について算出する解析(これを解析Bとする)を行なった。なお、導波モードの等価屈折率とは、高屈折率部と低屈折率部との両方にまたがって伝播している導波モードが感じている等価的な屈折率である。前者の解析(解析A)により、導波損失がどの程度低減できるかが把握できるとともに、透明基板の屈折率をどの程度下げることができるかが把握できる。また、後者の解析(解析B)により、導波損失およびプラズモン損失がどの程度低減できかつ外部に取り出し可能な光の割合がどの程度向上するかが把握できる。
まず、当該検証結果について説明するに先立ち、モデルとしての比較例1,2および実施例1~4に係る有機EL素子に含まれる各構成の具体的な材質、厚み等について説明する。なお、各モデルにおいて、有機電界発光層の厚みは変数とした。
図10および図11は、比較例1および2に係る有機EL素子の高屈折率部の厚みと導波モードの等価屈折率との関係を波長別に表わしたグラフであり、図12ないし図15は、実施例1ないし4に係る有機EL素子の高屈折率部の厚みと導波モードの等価屈折率との関係を波長別に表わしたグラフである。
図16および図17は、比較例1および2に係る有機EL素子の高屈折率部の厚みと各モードに結合する光の割合との関係を特定の波長の光について表わしたグラフであり、図18ないし図21は、実施例1ないし4に係る有機EL素子の高屈折率部の厚みと各モードに結合する光の割合との関係を特定の波長の光について表わしたグラフである。ここで、特定の波長とは、可視光の代表波長である600nmである。なお、図中に示す空気モードとは、有機EL素子の外部に取り出しが可能なモードである。
Claims (7)
- 透明基板と、
前記透明基板の一方の主表面上に設けられた第1透明電極層と、
前記第1透明電極層の前記透明基板が位置する側とは反対側の主表面上に設けられた電界発光層と、
前記電界発光層の前記第1透明電極層が位置する側とは反対側の主表面上に設けられた第2透明電極層と、
前記第2透明電極層から見て前記電界発光層が位置する側とは反対側に設けられた金属膜からなる反射層とを備え、
前記透明基板の実効屈折率が、前記電界発光層に含まれるいずれの膜の屈折率よりも低く、
前記第1透明電極層の実効屈折率および前記第2透明電極層の実効屈折率が、いずれも前記電界発光層に含まれるいずれの膜の屈折率よりも低い、電界発光素子。 - 前記第1透明電極層および前記第2透明電極層の少なくとも一方が、導電性透明樹脂膜にて構成されている、請求項1に記載の電界発光素子。
- 前記第1透明電極層および前記第2透明電極層の少なくとも一方が、透明金属薄膜および導電性透明樹脂膜の積層膜にて構成されている、請求項1に記載の電界発光素子。
- 前記電界発光層の厚みをd、前記電界発光層の実効屈折率をn、前記電界発光層にて発光される光のピーク波長をλとした場合に、これらd、nおよびλが、d<λ/(4×n)の条件を充足している、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の電界発光素子。
- 前記第2透明電極層と前記反射層との間に設けられた透明光学調整層をさらに備え、
前記透明光学調整層の実効屈折率が、前記電界発光層に含まれるいずれの膜の屈折率よりも低い、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の電界発光素子。 - 前記電界発光層が、有機電界発光層である、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の電界発光素子。
- 請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の電界発光素子を光源として備えている、照明装置。
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| JPWO2013179339A1 (ja) * | 2012-05-30 | 2016-01-14 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 有機発光素子、光源装置およびそれらの製造方法 |
| US9722208B2 (en) | 2014-12-31 | 2017-08-01 | Konica Minolta Laboratory U.S.A., Inc. | Light-emitting devices using thin film electrode with refractive index optimized capping layer for reduction of plasmonic energy loss |
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| JP6573160B2 (ja) * | 2014-09-17 | 2019-09-11 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 発光素子 |
| US11362310B2 (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2022-06-14 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Organic light-emitting devices using a low refractive index dielectric |
| CN111180500B (zh) * | 2020-02-26 | 2023-10-24 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 显示用基板及电致发光显示装置 |
| CN117322158A (zh) * | 2022-04-24 | 2023-12-29 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 量子点发光二极管及其制备方法和显示面板 |
| CN121152858A (zh) * | 2023-05-11 | 2025-12-16 | 法雷奥照明公司 | 薄、柔性且发光的电致发光膜 |
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| JP2010146813A (ja) * | 2008-12-17 | 2010-07-01 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 |
| JP2011222529A (ja) * | 1999-10-29 | 2011-11-04 | Semiconductor Energy Lab Co Ltd | 自発光装置 |
| JP2011233288A (ja) * | 2010-04-26 | 2011-11-17 | Konica Minolta Holdings Inc | 有機発光素子 |
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| US6965197B2 (en) * | 2002-10-01 | 2005-11-15 | Eastman Kodak Company | Organic light-emitting device having enhanced light extraction efficiency |
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- 2013-10-23 WO PCT/JP2013/078673 patent/WO2014077093A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2013-10-23 JP JP2014546917A patent/JPWO2014077093A1/ja active Pending
- 2013-10-23 US US14/442,252 patent/US20160204384A1/en not_active Abandoned
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011222529A (ja) * | 1999-10-29 | 2011-11-04 | Semiconductor Energy Lab Co Ltd | 自発光装置 |
| JP2004127562A (ja) * | 2002-09-30 | 2004-04-22 | Tokai Rubber Ind Ltd | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用透明電極およびそれを用いてなる有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 |
| JP2006100245A (ja) * | 2004-09-03 | 2006-04-13 | Stanley Electric Co Ltd | El素子 |
| JP2008047340A (ja) * | 2006-08-11 | 2008-02-28 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 |
| JP2010146813A (ja) * | 2008-12-17 | 2010-07-01 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 |
| JP2011233288A (ja) * | 2010-04-26 | 2011-11-17 | Konica Minolta Holdings Inc | 有機発光素子 |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPWO2013179339A1 (ja) * | 2012-05-30 | 2016-01-14 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 有機発光素子、光源装置およびそれらの製造方法 |
| US9722208B2 (en) | 2014-12-31 | 2017-08-01 | Konica Minolta Laboratory U.S.A., Inc. | Light-emitting devices using thin film electrode with refractive index optimized capping layer for reduction of plasmonic energy loss |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2014077093A1 (ja) | 2017-01-05 |
| US20160204384A1 (en) | 2016-07-14 |
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