WO2014076995A1 - ディーゼルエンジンの制御装置、ディーゼルエンジン、及びディーゼルエンジンの制御方法 - Google Patents
ディーゼルエンジンの制御装置、ディーゼルエンジン、及びディーゼルエンジンの制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014076995A1 WO2014076995A1 PCT/JP2013/067409 JP2013067409W WO2014076995A1 WO 2014076995 A1 WO2014076995 A1 WO 2014076995A1 JP 2013067409 W JP2013067409 W JP 2013067409W WO 2014076995 A1 WO2014076995 A1 WO 2014076995A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/0602—Control of components of the fuel supply system
- F02D19/0607—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow
- F02D19/061—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow by controlling fuel injectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/0663—Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02D19/0686—Injectors
- F02D19/0689—Injectors for in-cylinder direct injection
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/0663—Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02D19/0686—Injectors
- F02D19/0692—Arrangement of multiple injectors per combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/08—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
- F02D19/081—Adjusting the fuel composition or mixing ratio; Transitioning from one fuel to the other
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/08—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
- F02D19/10—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels peculiar to compression-ignition engines in which the main fuel is gaseous
- F02D19/105—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels peculiar to compression-ignition engines in which the main fuel is gaseous operating in a special mode, e.g. in a liquid fuel only mode for starting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D31/00—Use of speed-sensing governors to control combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D31/001—Electric control of rotation speed
- F02D31/007—Electric control of rotation speed controlling fuel supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
- F02D19/0642—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions
- F02D19/0647—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions the gaseous fuel being liquefied petroleum gas [LPG], liquefied natural gas [LNG], compressed natural gas [CNG] or dimethyl ether [DME]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D41/0027—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures the fuel being gaseous
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/3011—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion
- F02D41/3064—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion with special control during transition between modes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a diesel engine control device, a diesel engine, and a diesel engine control method.
- Diesel engine that uses natural gas or other gas fuel as the main fuel, oil fuel with good compression ignitability as pilot fuel, and self-ignition of the oil fuel in the combustion chamber under high temperature to burn the main fuel gas fuel (
- dual fuel diesel engine Since the dual fuel diesel engine uses gas fuel, it emits less CO 2 during combustion and emits less harmful substances such as black smoke.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a dual fuel diesel engine in which a low cetane number fuel with poor compression ignitability such as gas fuel is a main fuel and an oil fuel with good compression ignitability is a pilot fuel.
- the engine disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a gas fuel injection valve and a pilot fuel injection valve provided in a cylinder head. Gas fuel and pilot fuel are supplied from the gas fuel injection valve and the pilot fuel injection valve toward the combustion chamber. By injecting, the pilot fuel is self-ignited in the high-temperature combustion chamber, thereby burning the main fuel.
- Patent Document 1 does not specifically disclose a method of supplying oil fuel and gas fuel to a diesel engine. In a dual fuel diesel engine, stable operation using oil fuel and gas fuel becomes an issue.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a diesel engine and a method for controlling the diesel engine.
- the diesel engine control device, the diesel engine, and the diesel engine control method of the present invention employ the following means.
- a control device for a diesel engine is a control device for a diesel engine operated by being supplied with gas fuel and oil fuel, a governor control means for performing governor control, and a load of the diesel engine Is increased to a predetermined value, the rate of increase in the supply amount of the oil fuel is decreased as compared to before the load increases to the predetermined value, and the gas is delayed from the timing when the load reaches the predetermined value.
- the diesel engine control device controls the supply amount of gas fuel and oil fuel to the diesel engine.
- Gas fuel and oil fuel are supplied by governor control by the governor control means. And if the load of a diesel engine rises to a predetermined value, it will switch from the exclusive combustion state of oil fuel to the mixed combustion state of oil fuel and gas fuel.
- the load (rotation speed) of the diesel engine may rapidly increase when the supply of gas fuel is started at the same time as the load of the diesel engine increases to reach a predetermined value.
- the fuel supply amount is reduced by the governor control in order to reduce the increased load, but as a result, there is a possibility that so-called chattering occurs in which the load is excessively decreased and increased again.
- chattering occurs in which the load is excessively decreased and increased again.
- the load decreases too much and the load again falls below the predetermined value
- the supply of gas fuel is stopped.
- chattering occurs, the supply and stop of gas fuel are repeated, and there is a possibility that an event of frequent switching between the exclusive combustion state and the mixed combustion state may occur.
- the rate of increase in the amount of oil fuel supplied is reduced compared to before the load rises to the predetermined value, and the load becomes the predetermined value.
- the supply of gas fuel is started later than the timing. Decreasing the rate of increase in the amount of oil fuel supplied means that the increase in load becomes more gradual than before. Further, delaying the timing of gas fuel supply means that gas fuel supply is started when the load gradually increases. Therefore, the load suddenly increases due to the gas fuel supply, and chattering may occur. It is suppressed. Therefore, this configuration can reduce the amount of oil fuel used, and enables stable operation using oil fuel and gas fuel.
- the fuel control means when the load is reduced to the predetermined value, reduces the supply amount of the oil fuel more than before the load is reduced to the predetermined value. It is preferable to stop the supply of the gas fuel with a delay from the timing when the predetermined value is reached.
- the load of the diesel engine decreases and reaches a predetermined value, and if the supply amount of oil fuel is further decreased and the supply of gas fuel is stopped, the load (rotation speed) of the diesel engine may be rapidly decreased. is there. Even in such a case, chattering occurs, and when the load exceeds a predetermined value again, the supply and stop of gas fuel are repeated, and there is a possibility that an event in which the exclusive combustion state and the mixed combustion state are frequently switched may occur. Therefore, according to this configuration, when the load decreases to a predetermined value, the supply amount of the oil fuel is further decreased, and the supply of the gas fuel is stopped later than the timing when the load becomes the predetermined value. As a result, the decrease in the amount of oil fuel supplied and the stop of gas fuel do not occur at the same time, and this configuration suppresses the sudden decrease in load and chattering.
- a control device for a diesel engine is a control device for a diesel engine operated by being supplied with gas fuel and oil fuel, the governor control means for performing governor control, and the load of the diesel engine
- the oil fuel is increased to a first predetermined value
- the oil fuel mono-combustion state is switched to a mixed combustion state of the oil fuel and the gas fuel
- the load of the diesel engine is set to a second predetermined value smaller than the first load.
- a fuel control means for switching from the co-firing state to the mono-combusting state when the temperature is lowered.
- this configuration when the load of the diesel engine rises to the first predetermined value, the oil fuel is exclusively switched to the mixed combustion state of the oil fuel and the gas fuel. And when the load of a diesel engine falls to the 2nd predetermined value smaller than 1st load, it switches from a co-firing state to a exclusive combustion state. As a result, even when chattering occurs and the load decreases when switching from the dedicated firing state to the mixed firing state, switching to the dedicated firing state is suppressed. Moreover, even when chattering occurs and the load increases when switching from the mixed combustion state to the exclusive combustion state, switching to the mixed combustion state again is suppressed. Therefore, this configuration can reduce the amount of oil fuel used, and enables stable operation using oil fuel and gas fuel.
- a diesel engine includes a gas fuel injection valve that injects gas fuel into a combustion chamber, an oil fuel injection valve that injects oil fuel into the combustion chamber, and the control device described above. .
- the control method of the diesel engine according to the fourth aspect of the present invention is a control method of a diesel engine operated by being supplied with gas fuel and oil fuel, and when the load of the diesel engine rises to a predetermined value, The first step of reducing the rate of increase in the amount of supply of the oil fuel compared to before the load increases to the predetermined value, and the supply of the gas fuel is started with a delay from the timing when the load reaches the predetermined value. A second step.
- a method for controlling a diesel engine is a method for controlling a diesel engine operated by being supplied with gas fuel and oil fuel, and the load of the diesel engine is increased to a first predetermined value.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a dual fuel diesel engine according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an electrical configuration of an ECU according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the sum of the fuel control command of the oil fuel which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention, and gas fuel, and a load factor. It is a graph which shows the change of the oil fuel control command in case the load of the dual fuel diesel engine which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention increases, and the change of a gas fuel control command. It is a graph which shows a time change when the load of the dual fuel diesel engine which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention increases.
- the diesel engine according to the first embodiment is a dual fuel diesel engine that is operated using gas fuel as main fuel and oil fuel as pilot fuel, and is used as, for example, a main engine of a ship.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a dual fuel diesel engine 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the dual fuel diesel engine 1 includes a cylindrical cylinder 2, a cylinder head 3 coupled to the upper end side of the cylinder 2, and a piston 4 accommodated in the cylinder 2 so as to be able to advance and retract.
- a combustion chamber c is formed by the peripheral wall 2 a of the cylinder 2, the cylinder head 3, and the top surface 4 a of the piston 4.
- symbol 5 in a figure has shown the piston ring.
- a scavenging port 6 is opened in the peripheral wall 2a on the lower side of the cylinder 2.
- the scavenging port 6 is formed at a position above the top surface 4a of the piston 4 located near the bottom dead center (indicated by a two-dot chain line in the figure), and the piston 4 is located near the bottom dead center.
- air is supplied from the scavenging port 6 to the combustion chamber c.
- An exhaust port is opened at the top of the cylinder head 3 and an exhaust valve 7 for opening and closing the exhaust port is provided. The exhaust valve 7 is opened until the piston 4 reaches a position of about 100 ° before top dead center during the scavenging stroke when the piston 4 is in the upward stroke.
- the exhaust gas in the previous stroke remaining in the combustion chamber c is scavenged by the air supplied from the scavenging port 6 to the combustion chamber c.
- the cylinder head 3 is provided with a gas fuel injection valve 8 that injects gas fuel into the combustion chamber c, and is also provided with an oil fuel injection valve 10 that injects oil fuel with good compression ignitability into the combustion chamber c. .
- the gas fuel injection valve 8 and the oil fuel injection valve 10 are provided one by one at positions 180 degrees apart in the circumferential direction with the cylinder center o as the center of rotation.
- the gas fuel injection valve 8 and the oil fuel injection valve 10 are each provided with four injection holes.
- the number of gas fuel injection valves 8 and the oil fuel injection valves 10 installed is as follows. It is not limited, For example, you may be one.
- a plurality of gas fuel injection valves 8 and oil fuel injection valves 10 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. It is preferable.
- the gas fuel injection valve 8 and the oil fuel injection valve 10 are connected to an engine control unit (hereinafter referred to as “ECU”) 12 via a cable 14.
- the ECU 12 is connected via a cable 16 to a crank angle sensor 15 that detects a rotation angle of the crankshaft 17.
- the phase of the piston 4 is detected by receiving a signal related to the rotation angle of the crankshaft 17 from the crank angle sensor 15.
- the gas fuel injection valve 8 and the oil fuel injection valve 10 inject gas fuel and oil fuel into the combustion chamber c at a predetermined timing based on a signal transmitted from the ECU 12.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an electrical configuration of the ECU 12 according to the first embodiment.
- the ECU 12 includes a governing control unit 30 and a fuel control unit 32.
- the governing control unit 30 receives the set rotational speed and the actual rotational speed of the dual fuel diesel engine 1 and performs the governing so that the actual rotational speed becomes the set rotational speed based on the difference between the set rotational speed and the actual rotational speed. Take control. Note that the governing control unit 30 may perform the governing control based on the difference between the set load and the actual load.
- the load according to the first embodiment is specified by a load factor (load indicator value) that varies between 0 and 100, with the maximum load on the dual fuel diesel engine 1 being 100%.
- the fuel control unit 32 outputs a fuel control command based on the command output from the governing control unit 30.
- the fuel control unit 32 includes an oil fuel control unit 34 and a gas fuel control unit 36.
- the oil fuel control unit 34 calculates an oil fuel control command by a predetermined function based on the command output from the governing control unit 30 and outputs the oil fuel control command to the oil fuel injection valve 10.
- the gas fuel control unit 36 calculates a gas fuel control command by a predetermined function based on the command output from the governing control unit 30, and outputs it to the gas fuel injection valve 8.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the load factor and the fuel control command.
- the fuel control command shown in FIG. 3 is the sum of the oil fuel control command and the gas fuel control command. That is, the total supply heat amount of the gas fuel and the oil fuel increases as the load factor increases. As an example, the fuel control command increases in proportion to the load factor.
- the fuel control unit 32 starts supplying gas fuel after the load of the dual fuel diesel engine 1 exceeds a predetermined value.
- the fuel control unit 32 controls the gas fuel and the oil fuel with different control amounts, and increases the total supply heat amount of the gas fuel and the oil fuel according to the increase in the load as shown in FIG. Thereby, ECU12 can reduce the usage-amount of the oil fuel of the dual fuel diesel engine 1.
- FIG. since the ECU 12 controls the gas fuel and the oil fuel with different control amounts, the ECU 12 can control different gas fuel and oil fuel depending on the purpose.
- the said predetermined value is called switching load factor in the following description. In the first embodiment, the switching load factor is 20% as an example, but is not limited to this and is arbitrarily set. Below the switching load factor is a load factor for low load operation.
- the load factor of the dual fuel diesel engine 1 rises and exceeds the switching load factor, the oil fuel is switched from the exclusive combustion state to the mixed combustion state of the oil fuel and the gas fuel.
- the load factor of the dual fuel diesel engine 1 that is equal to or higher than the switching load factor decreases and becomes equal to or lower than the switching load factor, the supply of gas fuel is stopped and the mixed combustion state is switched to the exclusive combustion state.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes in the oil fuel control command and changes in the gas fuel control command when the load of the dual fuel diesel engine 1 according to the first embodiment increases.
- the oil fuel control command is a value obtained by subtracting the gas fuel control command from the fuel control command shown in FIG. Due to the decrease in the oil fuel control command, the relationship between the fuel control command and the load factor is maintained as shown in FIG.
- the gas fuel control command rises later than the timing when the load becomes the switching load factor, and starts the supply of gas fuel.
- the reason for this is that if the load of the dual fuel diesel engine 1 rises and reaches the switching load factor and at the same time the supply of gas fuel is started, the load (rotation speed) of the dual fuel diesel engine 1 may suddenly increase. Because there is. In such a case, the governor control reduces the fuel supply amount in order to reduce the increased load, but as a result, as shown in FIG. 5, so-called chattering in which the load is excessively decreased and is increased again. May occur.
- the continuous line of FIG. 5 has shown the case where a load factor rises with time, without chattering generate
- the broken line in FIG. 5 shows a case where chattering occurs in the mixed combustion state.
- the fuel control unit 32 sets the rate of increase in the amount of oil fuel supplied before the load rises to the switching load factor. Compared with this, the supply of gas fuel is started with a delay from the timing when the load becomes the switching load factor. Note that starting the supply of gas fuel with a delay from the timing at which the load becomes the switching load ratio is, for example, when the load command becomes equal to or greater than a set value at a predetermined time (delay time ⁇ 1 in FIG. 5). It is to start supplying fuel.
- Decreasing the rate of increase in the amount of oil fuel supplied means that the increase in load becomes more gradual than before. Further, delaying the timing of gas fuel supply means that gas fuel supply is started when the load gradually increases. Therefore, the load suddenly increases due to the gas fuel supply, and chattering may occur. It is suppressed.
- the delay time ⁇ 1 of the timing for raising the gas fuel control command is a time during which the load factor does not fall below the switching load factor even if the load is pulled back (decreased) due to the start of gas fuel supply.
- This delay time ⁇ 1 is obtained, for example, empirically by the operation of the dual fuel diesel engine 1 or by simulation.
- the load of the dual fuel diesel engine 1 decreases and reaches the switching load factor (20%), as shown in FIG. 4, the amount of oil fuel supplied is reduced before the load decreases to the switching load factor. Compared to more reduced. In other words, the rate of decrease in the amount of oil fuel supplied becomes larger. For this reason, when the load of the dual fuel diesel engine 1 decreases and reaches the switching load rate, the load of the dual fuel diesel engine 1 is reduced when the supply amount of the oil fuel is further reduced and the supply of the gas fuel is stopped. There is a possibility that (the number of revolutions) is rapidly decreased (broken line in FIG. 6). Even in such a case, chattering occurs, and when the load exceeds the switching load factor again, the supply and stop of the gas fuel are repeated, and there is a possibility that an event in which the exclusive combustion state and the mixed combustion state are frequently switched may occur.
- the fuel control unit 32 reduces the supply amount of the oil fuel more than before the load drops to the switching load factor as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 7, the supply of gas fuel is stopped with a delay from the timing when the load becomes the switching load factor.
- stopping the supply of gas fuel with a delay from the timing at which the load becomes the switching load rate means that, for example, when the load command becomes equal to or less than a set value at a predetermined time (delay time ⁇ 2 in FIG. 6). It is to stop the supply of fuel.
- the decrease in the amount of oil fuel supplied and the stop of gas fuel do not occur simultaneously, so that the load is rapidly reduced and chattering is prevented from occurring.
- the delay time ⁇ 2 of the timing for stopping the output of the gas fuel control command is a time during which the load factor does not exceed the switching load factor even if the load is pulled back (increased) due to the stop of the gas fuel supply.
- This delay time ⁇ 2 is obtained empirically by the operation of the dual fuel diesel engine 1 or by simulation, for example.
- the ECU 12 gives hysteresis to the settings of the start of gas fuel supply (on) and the stop of supply (off).
- the ECU 12 included in the dual fuel diesel engine 1 performs governor control, and when the load increases to the switching load factor, the increase rate of the supply amount of oil fuel is loaded.
- the gas fuel supply is started with a delay from the timing when the load reaches the switching load factor, and the time when the load reaches the switching load factor.
- the ECU 12 further reduces the supply amount of the oil fuel compared to before the load decreases to the switching load factor, and from the timing when the load becomes the switching load factor. Delay the supply of gas fuel.
- ECU12 enables the stable driving
- the configurations of the dual fuel diesel engine 1 and the ECU 12 according to the second embodiment are the same as the configurations of the dual fuel diesel engine 1 and the ECU 12 according to the first embodiment shown in FIGS. .
- the ECU 12 according to the second embodiment switches from the exclusive combustion state of the oil fuel to the mixed combustion state of the oil fuel and the gas fuel when the load of the dual fuel diesel engine 1 increases to the first switching load factor.
- the ECU 12 switches from the mixed combustion state to the exclusive combustion state when the load of the dual fuel diesel engine 1 decreases to a second switching load factor that is smaller than the first switching load factor.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the start and stop timings of the output of the gas fuel control command according to the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 8, when the load of the dual fuel diesel engine 1 increases to the first switching load factor L1, the output of the gas fuel control command from the gas fuel control unit 36 is started. On the other hand, when the load of the dual fuel diesel engine 1 decreases to the second switching load factor L2, the output of the gas fuel control command from the gas fuel control unit 36 is stopped.
- the ECU 12 provided in the dual fuel diesel engine 1 according to the second embodiment can reduce the amount of oil fuel used and can be stably operated using the oil fuel and the gas fuel.
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
油燃料の供給量の上昇率を減少させるということは、負荷の上昇がそれまでに比べて緩やかになる。そして、ガス燃料の供給のタイミングを遅らせることは、緩やかな負荷の上昇時にガス燃料の供給が開始されることとなるので、ガス燃料の供給により負荷が急激に上昇し、チャタリングが発生することが抑制される。
従って、本構成は、油燃料の使用量を低減させると共に、油燃料とガス燃料とを用いた安定した運転が可能となる。
そこで、本構成によれば、負荷が所定値まで低下した場合に、油燃料の供給量のより低下させ、かつ負荷が所定値となったタイミングよりも遅らせてガス燃料の供給を停止する。
これにより、油燃料の供給量の低下とガス燃料の停止が同時とはならないので、本構成は、負荷が急激に減少し、チャタリングが発生することが抑制される。
従って、本構成は、油燃料の使用量を低減させると共に、油燃料とガス燃料とを用いた安定した運転が可能となる。
以下、本発明の第1実施形態について説明する。
本第1実施形態に係るディーゼルエンジンは、主燃料としてガス燃料を用い、パイロット燃料として油燃料を用いて運転される二元燃料ディーゼルエンジンであり、例えば船舶の主機として用いられる。
二元燃料ディーゼルエンジン1は、円筒状のシリンダ2と、該シリンダ2の上端側に結合されたシリンダヘッド3と、シリンダ2の内部に進退自在に収容されたピストン4と、を備えている。そして、これらシリンダ2の周壁2aと、シリンダヘッド3と、ピストン4の頂面4aとで燃焼室cが形成されている。
なお、図中の符号5は、ピストンリングを示している。
ECU12は、ケーブル16を介してクランク軸17の回転角を検出するクランク角センサ15に接続されている。そして、クランク角センサ15からクランク軸17の回転角にかかる信号を受信することで、ピストン4の位相を検知する。また、ガス燃料噴射弁8及び油燃料噴射弁10は、ECU12から送信される信号に基づいて、所定のタイミングで燃焼室cにガス燃料及び油燃料を噴射する。
ECU12は、ガバニング制御部30及び燃料制御部32を備える。
油燃料制御部34は、ガバニング制御部30から出力された指令に基づいて、所定の関数によって油燃料制御指令を算出し、油燃料噴射弁10へ出力する。
ガス燃料制御部36は、ガバニング制御部30から出力された指令に基づいて、所定の関数によってガス燃料制御指令を算出し、ガス燃料噴射弁8へ出力する。
図3に示される燃料制御指令は、油燃料制御指令とガス燃料制御指令との和である。すなわち、負荷率の上昇に応じてガス燃料と油燃料の合計供給熱量が上昇する。一例として、燃料制御指令は負荷率に比例して上昇する。
なお、上記所定値を以下の説明において、切替負荷率という。本第1実施形態では、切替負荷率を一例として20%とするが、これに限られず任意に設定される。切替負荷率以下は、低負荷運転とされる負荷率である。
一方、切替負荷率以上となっている二元燃料ディーゼルエンジン1の負荷率が低下し、切替負荷率以下となった場合、ガス燃料の供給は停止され、混焼状態から専焼状態へ切り替えられる。
そして、負荷が下がり過ぎ、負荷が再び切替負荷率以下となる負荷の引き戻しが発生すると、ガス燃料の供給が停止される。このように、チャタリングが発生すると、ガス燃料の供給と停止が繰り返され、専焼状態と混焼状態とが頻繁に切り替わる事象が発生する可能性がある。
このため、二元燃料ディーゼルエンジン1の負荷が低下して切替負荷率に達すると同時に、油燃料の供給量をより低下させると共にガス燃料の供給を停止させると、二元燃料ディーゼルエンジン1の負荷(回転数)が急激に低下する可能性がある(図6の破線)。このような場合にもチャタリングが発生し、負荷が再び切替負荷率を超えるとガス燃料の供給と停止が繰り返され、専焼状態と混焼状態とが頻繁に切り替わる事象が発生する可能性がある。
これにより、油燃料の供給量の低下とガス燃料の停止が同時とはならないので、負荷が急激に減少し、チャタリングが発生することが抑制される。
これにより、ECU12は、油燃料の使用量を低減させると共に、油燃料とガス燃料とを用いた安定した運転を可能とする。
以下、本発明の第2実施形態について説明する。
なお、本第2実施形態に係るECU12は、二元燃料ディーゼルエンジン1の負荷が第1切替負荷率に上昇した場合に、油燃料の専焼状態から油燃料とガス燃料との混焼状態へ切り替える。また、ECU12は、二元燃料ディーゼルエンジン1の負荷が第1切替負荷率よりも小さい第2切替負荷率に低下した場合に、混焼状態から専焼状態へ切り替える。
図8に示されるように、二元燃料ディーゼルエンジン1の負荷が第1切替負荷率L1に上昇した場合、ガス燃料制御部36からガス燃料制御指令の出力が開始される。一方、二元燃料ディーゼルエンジン1の負荷が第2切替負荷率L2に低下した場合に、ガス燃料制御部36からのガス燃料制御指令の出力が停止される。
従って、本第2実施形態に係る二元燃料ディーゼルエンジン1が備えるECU12は、油燃料の使用量を低減させると共に、油燃料とガス燃料とを用いた安定した運転が可能となる。
12 ECU
30 ガバニング制御部
32 燃料制御部
Claims (6)
- ガス燃料と油燃料が供給されて運転されるディーゼルエンジンの制御装置であって、
ガバナ制御を行うガバナ制御手段と、
前記ディーゼルエンジンの負荷が所定値まで上昇した場合に、前記油燃料の供給量の上昇率を負荷が前記所定値まで上昇する前に比べて減少させ、かつ負荷が前記所定値となったタイミングよりも遅らせて前記ガス燃料の供給を開始する燃料制御手段と、
を備えるディーゼルエンジンの制御装置。 - 前記燃料制御手段は、負荷が前記所定値まで低下した場合に、前記油燃料の供給量を負荷が前記所定値まで低下する前に比べてより低下させ、かつ負荷が前記所定値となったタイミングよりも遅らせて前記ガス燃料の供給を停止する請求項1記載のディーゼルエンジンの制御装置。
- ガス燃料と油燃料が供給されて運転されるディーゼルエンジンの制御装置であって、
ガバナ制御を行うガバナ制御手段と、
前記ディーゼルエンジンの負荷が第1所定値に上昇した場合に、前記油燃料の専焼状態から前記油燃料と前記ガス燃料との混焼状態へ切り替え、前記ディーゼルエンジンの負荷が前記第1負荷よりも小さい第2所定値に低下した場合に、前記混焼状態から前記専焼状態へ切り替える燃料制御手段と、
を備えるディーゼルエンジンの制御装置。 - 燃焼室にガス燃料を噴射するガス燃料噴射弁と、
前記燃焼室に油燃料を噴射する油燃料噴射弁と、
請求項1から請求項3の何れか1項記載の制御装置と、
を備えるディーゼルエンジン。 - ガス燃料と油燃料が供給されて運転されるディーゼルエンジンの制御方法であって、
前記ディーゼルエンジンの負荷が所定値まで上昇した場合に、前記油燃料の供給量の上昇率を負荷が前記所定値まで上昇する前に比べて減少させる第1工程と、
負荷が前記所定値となったタイミングよりも遅らせて前記ガス燃料の供給を開始する第2工程と、
を含むディーゼルエンジンの制御方法。 - ガス燃料と油燃料が供給されて運転されるディーゼルエンジンの制御方法であって、
前記ディーゼルエンジンの負荷が第1所定値に上昇した場合に、前記油燃料の専焼状態から前記油燃料と前記ガス燃料との混焼状態へ切り替える第1工程と、
前記ディーゼルエンジンの負荷が前記第1負荷よりも小さい第2所定値に低下した場合に、前記混焼状態から前記専焼状態へ切り替える第2工程と、
を含むディーゼルエンジンの制御方法。
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| CN201380054543.5A CN104769260B (zh) | 2012-11-14 | 2013-06-25 | 柴油发动机的控制装置、柴油发动机及柴油发动机的控制方法 |
| KR1020157010103A KR20150056646A (ko) | 2012-11-14 | 2013-06-25 | 디젤 엔진의 제어 장치, 디젤 엔진, 및 디젤 엔진의 제어 방법 |
| EP13855962.0A EP2921675B8 (en) | 2012-11-14 | 2013-06-25 | Diesel engine control device, diesel engine, and diesel engine control method |
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| CN104791075A (zh) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-07-22 | 吉林大学 | 点火模式可变的柴油/天然气双燃料发动机及其控制方法 |
| KR102066631B1 (ko) * | 2015-08-12 | 2020-01-15 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | 선박의 차등 엔진시스템 |
| WO2018166613A1 (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2018-09-20 | Wärtsilä Finland Oy | Method of controlling a multi-fuel internal combustion piston engine and a fuel injection control system for a multi-fuel internal combustion piston engine |
| SG11202002151WA (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2020-04-29 | Ihi Power Systems Co Ltd | Engine operation method and engine system |
| JP2022146665A (ja) | 2021-03-22 | 2022-10-05 | ヤンマーホールディングス株式会社 | エンジン |
| DE102022107551A1 (de) * | 2022-03-30 | 2023-10-05 | CMB.Tech Technology & Development Centre Ltd | Steuervorrichtung für eine Dual-Fuel-Brennkraftmaschine |
| JP7788926B2 (ja) * | 2022-04-19 | 2025-12-19 | 株式会社ジャパンエンジンコーポレーション | 舶用エンジン |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2921675B1 (en) | 2017-10-18 |
| JP2014098338A (ja) | 2014-05-29 |
| EP2921675A4 (en) | 2016-06-01 |
| CN104769260A (zh) | 2015-07-08 |
| EP2921675A1 (en) | 2015-09-23 |
| EP2921675B8 (en) | 2017-11-29 |
| JP6049415B2 (ja) | 2016-12-21 |
| CN104769260B (zh) | 2017-09-01 |
| KR20150056646A (ko) | 2015-05-26 |
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