WO2014071932A1 - Transmission - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a transmission (1) comprising a first toothed body (2) which has a number of first teeth (6) and a second toothed body (3) which has a number of second teeth (7). The first teeth (6) and the second teeth (7) each have a rear tooth face (12, 13). The transmission (1) further comprises a number of rolling bodies (8) which are arranged between the first toothed body (3) and the second toothed body (4) such that at least one of the rolling bodies (8) lies between two respective teeth (6) of the first toothed body (2) and the second toothed body (3) in a formfitting manner in an engaged position (9) in order to transmit an adjusting force from the first toothed body (3) to the second toothed body (4). In the engaged position (9), the rear tooth faces (12, 13) of the first teeth (6) and the second teeth (7) are oriented parallel or at a flat angle relative to one another. A rolling axis (10) of each of the rolling bodies (8), each rolling body (8) rolling about the respective rolling axis in the engaged position (9), is oriented parallel or at a flat angle relative to the rear tooth faces (12, 13) of the adjoining first and second teeth (6, 7) during a movement of the first toothed body (2) and the second toothed body (3).

Description

 Name of the invention

transmission

description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a transmission, in particular a spur gear or a bevel gear.

Background of the Invention To gear and / or translate forces and motions, gear transmissions are often used. Such a gear transmission usually comprises at least one pair of meshing gears or at least one with another toothed body (eg a rack or a spindle meshing Zähnrad, The tooth geometry (tooth contour) of the toothed wheels or other tooth body has been steadily developed to baren at the highest possible carry However, the efficiency of such transmissions is limited due to the friction that occurs, a novel type of transmission is known from EP 1 969 254 B1, in which rolling bodies roll in runways, each between two teeth of a first tooth body and two teeth of a second gear body are educated in a Äntrsebsbewegung the second tooth body now the rolling elements ^• under force and motion transfer roll on the first ^■ tooth body along the runways AEB reduce the rolling elements in. - in Vergle. I to a usual gear transmission ■ - · the friction between the first and the second tooth body. Depending on the shape of the runways is ^' in this gear a complex motion and power transmission he ögiieht that without the Be subject to be realized under considerable friction losses. Ailer- ing is the Hersteilung used here, usually heii fömigeri runways on the surface of the tooth structure consuming and therefore expensive.

Task of the invention

The invention has for its object to provide a simple transmission with high efficiency.

Summary of the invention

This object is achieved according to the invention by a transmission having the features of claim 1. Advantageous and partly inventive inherent embodiments and further developments of the invention are set forth in the annex and the description below.

According to the invention, the transmission comprises a first toothed body, which has a number of first teeth, and a second toothed body, which has a number of second teeth. Each of the first teeth and each of the second teeth has a tooth back in each case. The transmission further comprises a number of Wäizkörperri, which are so arranged between the first and the second toothed body that at a Bmgriffsposite of the two toothed body at least one of the Wäizkörper for transmitting a steep force between the toothed bodies formschiüssig between each two teeth of the first teeth body and two teeth of second tooth body rests in the engaged position, the tooth prints of the first and second teeth are substantially, ie aligned exactly or at least approximately, parallel to each other. During a movement of the first toothed body and the second toothed body, a rolling axis of each rolling body is in the engagement position _. , aligned parallel or at a shallow angle to the tooth ridges of the adjacent first and second teeth. As Jacher angle "an angle between 0 and 45 degrees is called. The "rolling axis" is here and hereafter referred to that axis of the rolling element about which the rolling elements roll during the movement of the toothed bodies, ie, the direction of movement of each rolling element {in particular the moving direction of the rolling body center of gravity) which is regularly perpendicular to the rolling axis. is again aligned exactly or at least approximately perpendicular to the tooth backs of the adjacent first and second teeth in the engagement position.

Here and below, the term "tooth tip" refers to the pointed, flattened or rounded apex on which the tooth marks of each tooth strike. However, unlike a conventional gear transmission, the toothed bodies of the transmission according to the invention are not directly engaged, but rather the form-fitting connection between the toothed bodies at the engaged position is effected indirectly via the at least one type of keyed connection In the case of the transmission according to the invention, the first teeth of the first tooth body do not intervene in the engagement spösiiio between the second teeth of the second tooth body, but face them In the engaged position between each two teeth of the first tooth body and the two toothed body, a cavity is formed in which at least one of the rolling elements einiiegt. In this case, exactly in the between two teeth of the first tooth body and two teeth of the second tooth body at the engagement position in cross-section exactly one rolling element, said Waizkörper has transversely to its Wälzkörperachse a Dimensio, the order of magnitude about the tooth spacing between the teeth of first teeth body or the teeth spacing between the teeth of the second tooth body corresponds. The Wäizköper are thus in particular not substantially smaller than the respective tooth spacing of the first or second tooth body. Rather, a rolling element fills the cross-section formed Between the teeth of the respective toothed body exactly or at least approximately, that is, completely:

Due to the fact that the contour of the tooth flanks is matched to contact with the rolling elements and not as frictionless as possible with an opposing tooth, the first and second teeth can be made with a comparatively simple tooth contour and thus produced cost-effectively Rolling friction occurring between the teeth and the - preferably röfationssymmefräschen - Wälzkörperh z much lower friction losses than in a sliding friction, so that the efficiency of the transmission according to the invention over a conventional gear transmission GE ~ with a simple design - is increased.

Basically, it is conceivable in the scope of the invention, the tooth back ^ he first and second teeth each obliquely, in particular at an equal angle, to employ the sposltion to the direction of movement of the first and second teeth. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the direction of movement of the first and second teeth in the engaged position is substantially, i. exactly or at least approximately, aligned perpendicular to the back of the teeth. In other words, the first and the second tooth body has a straight toothing. This ensures a particularly simple production of the first and second teeth.

Conveniently, at least one of the two toothed bodies is a toothed wheel. In the context of the invention, the respective other toothed body can be designed, for example, as a toothed rack, toothpiatry or the like. However, both toothed bodies are preferably designed as a toothed wheel. The two gears are preferably each provided with an external tooth. Alternatively, one of the two gears may be provided with an internal toothing. In suitable variants of the outgrowth, both gears - for the formation of a helical gear or angular gear - are either spur gears or tapered gears (in the following: Spur gear or bevel gear). In the context of the invention, the gears can basically but also unterscniedlic e types have.

In principle, it is conceivable within the scope of the invention for the rolling elements to be spherical, ie spherical. However, in order to absorb and transmit particularly high forces, the rolling elements are stretched in an advantageous embodiment of the invention along its rolling axis, that is running elongated. The rolling elements are preferably {kreis-) cylindrical or kege | (slump) shaped. In the first case, the Zyländerrollen are preferably designed as needles, which have a comparatively small diameter compared to their longitudinal extent. Have the second felling the (conical) rolling bodies half a ^'cone angle to the Wäizaehse on _"desse amount between ... and ... degrees (Ask the inventor ^* in what area are Caeté l albums cone angle? Of tapered rollers?}

In the event that the rolling elements of the gear unit according to the invention are designed as tapered rollers, the rolling axes of the tapered rollers are in the engagement position as described above in ei em surfaces. Angle to the tooth ridges of the first and second teeth arranged.

Westerhin It is within the scope of the invention, however, also conceivable that as a rolling element, for example, so-called barrel rubbies with a convex surface line. to the; Use come. These have a high resistance to shock loads.

The (parallel to Wäizaehse) longitudinal extent de rolling elements preferably corresponds to the length of the tooth back of the teeth of the first u and _. nö ödei second Za n body. In an optional embodiment of the transmission, the rolling elements are guided in a cage. The cage is in particular movably mounted so that the cage moves with the rolling elements. The use of the cage ermog- ii ^'eht a particularly simple manner, that the rolling bodies after leaving the EsngriffspQsiiiQn be returned, so that the rolling elements repeatedly enter the engaged position. Furthermore, the cage makes it possible in a simple manner for the first and second teeth to engage in each case between adjacent rolling elements when they enter the engagement position, without hooking or jamming them with the teeth. The rolling elements are thus held by the cage in a distance corresponding to the tooth spacing. At f this way, a particularly quiet running of the transmission according to the invention is achieved by the cage. The cage can be formed in the context of the invention comparable to a conventional roller bearing cage, for example. As a sheet metal stamping, advantageously Äbstandshalter between the rolling elements are integrated into the cage, In the manner of a Wäizlagerkäfigs trained cage the Wäizkörper are guided on a circular path. In this case, the rolling axes of the individual rolling elements within the scope of the invention can be parallel to barren perpendicular to the circular axis of the cage. Alternatively, in the scope of the invention, it is also conceivable that the cage is designed to be flexible in a way that allows a drag chain to be flexibly guided so that the heat bodies are guided with the cage along a freely designable path.

The inventive transmission may optionally include more than two gears or other tooth body. In particular, within the scope of the invention, combinations of the features described above and embodiments such as a combination of helical gear and bevel gear are conceivable. Cry description of the drawings

Hereinafter Äusführüngsbeispiele the invention are explained in detail with reference to a drawing. In the drawing: Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a gearbox with two spur gears and rolling elements between the spur gears, FIG. 2 is a section I i-i in the direction of the flat sides of the spur gears, the gearbox according to FIG. 1, Fig..3 in a section lif-HS of FIG. 2, the transmission of FIG. 1, Fig. 4 in perspective an alternative embodiment of

 Getriebes with two bevel gears and the bevel gears between rolling elements, and

Fig. 5 in a section in the spanned by the bevel gear axes

 Plane the transmission of FIG. 4,

Corresponding parts are always provided with the same reference numerals in all figures.

Detailed description of the instructions

In Fig. 1, a transmission 1 is shown, which includes a toothed body as a first gear 2 and a second gear 3. Each of the gears 2 and 3 is assigned a rotation axis 4 and 5, respectively. In other words, the first gear 2 has a number of first teeth 6, and the second gear 3 has a number of wide teeth 7, each on a circular cylindrical outer surface of the first gear 2 and the second gear 3 are formed.

Furthermore, the transmission 1 comprises a number of Wälzkörpem 8, d e always one between the first gear 2 and the second gear 3 is arranged. The rolling elements 8 are designed as cylinder grooves The gears 2 and 3 are arranged zueinande such that their teeth 6 and 7 did not come together or engage each other as in a conventional spur gear, but that the teeth 6 and 7 si h in a Eingriffspositio. 9 opposite (see Fig. 2). As a result, a cavity is formed in the injection site 9 between in each case two harvested teeth 8 and two second teeth 7, in which one of the heatings 8 is inserted.

The arranged in the engaged position 9 between the gears 2 and 3 rolling elements 8 Is with its rolling axis 10 on the connecting line 11 zws beautifully arranged the rotation axes 4 and 5. The Wäizachse 10 corresponds to the longitudinal axis or de symmetry axis of rotationssymmeiriseheti Wäizkorpers 8. Each tooth S and 7 has a flattened toothed skirts 12 and 13, respectively, on which the tooth flanks of a tooth 6 and 7 meet. Unlike a conventional toothing (eg involute toothing), a valley 14 or 15 is formed between two teeth 6 and 7, respectively, which is formed round. The valleys 14 and 15 go smoothly, ie karv ten- and stuferttös and in particular with constant curvature in the adjacent tooth flanks over, per radius, with which the valleys 14 and 15 are formed, advantageously corresponds substantially to the radius of the rolling elements eighth The tooth backs 12 and 13 are straight in the exemplary embodiment shown, ie they are not curved in their longitudinal extent, and aligned parallel to the axes of rotation 4 and 5 of the respective toothed wheels 2 and 3. The rolling element 8 is in its engaged position 9 Rolling axis 10 in turn päraiiei aligned to the tooth back 12 and 13 (see Fig. 2 and Fig. 3). Upon rotation of the gear 2 in the direction of rotation 20, a force or torque of the gear 2 is transmitted to the gear 3 via the roller 8 engaged in the engagement position 9. The rolling element acts in the engagement position 9 as a feather key and establishes an indirect positive connection between the gear 2 and the gear 3 ago. In the Eingriffsposifion 9, the teeth 6 and 7 and the rolling elements 8 the same Beweg ungsrichtyng 21, the direction of movement 2 is here perpendicular to the connecting line 1 1 between the Rotationsachseti 4 and 5 of the gears 2 and 3. In other words in the engagement position 9, the weed body 8 is transported transversely to the tooth ridges 12 and 13,

The rolling element 8 rolit in the engaged position 9 on the tooth flanks or tooth täfem 14 and 15 of the teeth 6 and 7 from. Thus, there is no sliding friction between the teeth 6 and 7, but only to a rolling friction between Due to the compared to the sliding friction between the teeth 6 and 7 lower rolling friction, the transmission 1 has a particularly high efficiency, the teeth 6 and 7 and the respectively zwischengeordnefen Wälzköper.

On the one hand to adjust the distance of the rolling elements 8 aui the distance between two adjacent teeth 8 of the gear 2 and between two adjacent teeth of the gear 3, and on the other hand a simple return transport of the rolling elements 8 after exiting the Eingriffspösiti- on 0 back to the To enable Eingriffsposätion §, the rolling elements 8 are guided in a cage 24. The cage 24 is mounted so that it can move with the Wäfzkörpern 8 {not shown in detail). In this case, the cage 24 is guided in a OväS to the gear 3. To be able to guide the cage 24 in the oval, the cage 24 is designed to be movable. It is conceivable within the scope of the invention that the cage 24 in the manner of a drag chain from a variety of mutually movable! Links is composed. Alternatively, the cage 24 can also be made of a plastic or rubber which is particularly easy to fatten, so that the oval can be formed by means of elastic deformation of the cage 24.

In Fig. 4 ei aStematives exemplary embodiment of the transmission 1 is shown. The transmission 1 is designed here as a winch transmission. The gears 2 and 3 of the transmission 1 are designed as bevel gears whose axes of rotation 4 and 5 are perpendicular to each other. Due to the arrangement of the teeth 6 and 7 on a conical outer surface 26 and 27 of the kege! - stum fförmigen gears 2 and 3, the adjacent tooth back 12 of the gear 2 as well as the adjacent Za nrücken 13 of the gear 3 are each in one Things hints! aligned with each other. Due to the Kegeäform of Wäizkörrjer 8 these do not roll along a straight line but on a circular arc. Correspondingly, the cage 24 in the illustrated embodiment is designed as an annular disc. Thus, through the cage 24, the cage 24 thus becomes an egg ner level 30, which is aligned tangentially in the EinnffspositiQn 9 to both outer surfaces 26 and 27 of the gears 2 and 3 (see Fig. 4 and Fig 5). The rolling axis 10 of all rolling elements 8 are in this case perpendicular to a rotational axis 31 of the cage 24,

5, in the engagement position 9 behind the rolling element 8, the tooth 6 abuts the stalk force on the rolling element 8 and in turn on the tooth 7 (not shown), which is in the direction of movement 21 lies in front of the rolling element 8. This results in the Drehriehtung 22 of the gear 3. The rolling elements 8 rolit in: the entr spösitiön 9 on the tooth flanks or valleys 12 and 13 of both gears 2 and 3 from.

As can be seen in FIG. 4, the toothed skirts 14 and 15 are chamfered (chamfered) to the toothed areas or valleys 12 and 13. This achieves a comparatively "soft" contact between the tooth 6 or 7 and the rolling body 8, so that the latter is not damaged by a sharp edge of the teeth 6 or 7 Rather, other embodiments of the invention may be derived by those skilled in the art from the foregoing description, and in particular, the individual features of the invention and their embodiments that are described with reference to the various embodiments may be combined with each other in a more erroneous manner. B © to gsze i ch e πί ste i gear

 2 gear

 3 gear

 4 rotation axis

 5 rotation axis

 6 tooth

 7 tooth

 8 rolling elements

 9 engagement position

 10 rolling axis

 11 Connection

 12 Zah skirts

 13 teeth

 4 valley

 15 valley

 20 Rötailonsrichtung

 21 direction of movement

 22 direction of rotation

 24 cage

 26 outer surface

 27 outer surface

 30 level

 3 rotation axis

Claims

Transmission (1). _:  with a first toothed body (2) having a number of first hn n, with a second toothed member (3) having a number of second teeth (7), wofeei Each of the first teeth (®) and Each z de ite battlement (?) each having a ^■ .Zahnröcken {2.13} and  with a number of rolling elements (8), the rolling bodies (S) being arranged between the first toothed body (3) and the second toothed body (4) such that at an engagement position (9) at least one of the rolling bodies (§) Transmission of a steep force from the first toothed body (3) to the second toothed body (4) between two wedges (8) of the first toothed body (2) and of the second one Tooth body (3) eintiegf,  characterized,  that the toothed skirts (12, 13) of the first teeth £ 6) and the second teeth (?) are in parallel or at a shallow angle to each other, and that upon movement of the first one Tooth body (2) and ^the: second tooth body (3) a Wälzaehse (0) of each Wä drpers (8) to wilzt which the respective Wäizkörper (8) in the Eingritfsposrrje _(0): parallel ode at a shallow angle to the Tooth back (12, 13) of the adjacent first and second teeth (8, 7) is made of, G e (1) according to claim 1, dadyreh geke irszsic nei _s  in that the movement restriction (21) of the first and second teeth (8, 7) I of the extension bar (9) is substantially perpendicular to the tooth ridge (12,1), transmission (1) according to claim 1 or 2, dadur & h,  the first toothed body is designed as a toothed wheel (2), Transmission (1) according to one of Ansprüoha 1 s 3 _S thereby 0®fcersn eicrMet _f  that the second Zal pkdrper is designed as a gear (3). eetrlefee f according to any one of claims 1 to 4, dadurc fekertr $ 2ebrs t _s  the or each body (8) is guided in a cage (24) which moves with the or each rolling element (8) Dyed (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, ds the or each Wäffekörper (8) along its Walzaehse (10) ae is stretched. Transmission (1) according to claim 6,

Na el, is educated 8, transmission (1) according to claim 8,

that the or each rolling body is designed as egelrelle (8).

in that the first track body (and the second tooth body (3) are in each case designed in the manner of a spur gear.) Transmission (1) according to one of claims 1 to or 3 _< dadurcli g ice snieietmet, in that the first toothed body (2) and the second ten-body (3 are each designed in the manner of an egefea inrad.