WO2014070124A1 - Single drive mechanical system with orientation of solar cell panels - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of thermal power, and more particularly to solar thermal power, and can be used for orienting and supporting solar cell panels so as to provide maximum conversion of solar energy into electrical energy, taking day length into consideration. The single drive mechanical system for orienting solar cell panels comprises a fixed support, a frame for attaching solar panels, and a rotating device with a drive and a torsion shaft. The rotating device contains a rotatable housing, a mechanism, with the aforesaid drive, for transferring rotation about any angle about the central vertical axis of the support, a platform with load-bearing uprights, a frame thrusting arm, an actuating rod, an axis of a swivel head, a mechanism for rotating the axis of the swivel head, and hinged joints. The technical result consists of providing maximum conversion of solar energy into electrical energy. A sinusoidal mechanism is developed, which is similar to the movement of the sun.

Description

 SINGLE-DRIVE MECHANICAL SYSTEM WITH PANEL ORIENTATION

 SOLAR BATTERIES

The invention relates to the field of thermal energy, namely, solar thermal energy and can be used to orient and support solar panels at the corners to ensure the maximum level of conversion of solar energy into electrical energy, taking into account the length of the day.

 The Deger surveillance systems are known in the art which constantly adapt the angle of the photovoltaic modules with the face to the sun, so that the radiation angle and light intensity remain constant and maximum electrical energy can be obtained.

 For solar trackers, Deger uses optical, semiconductor sensors to align the modules in the arc of the sun and solar sensors to calculate the amount of sunlight that falls on the array, thus allowing the solar trackers to ensure even distribution of sunlight on the array.

In the prior art, a single-drive six-channel DEGER Toptreker 8.5 system (found on the Internet October 16, 2012 http://www.wirefreedirect.com/deger solar trackers .asp) is known, which has an inclined axis of rotation. The panels mounted on this axis have the ability to turn from left to right with one tracker, which provides the ability to remove additional energy compared to stationary batteries. Whole system managed by one tracker, connected to a sensor for measuring the intensity of solar radiation, which allows you to deploy panels in areas with maximum intensity.

 Such a system has a fixed battery mounting angle, with respect to which it rotates left to right. The control signal to turn the battery comes from the solar intensity sensor. Although the overall system is superior to stationary batteries, it does not fully utilize the solar radiation intensity diagram.

 In addition, DEGER traker Tour 5000 NT and Tour 9000 NT two-wheel drive systems are known (found on the Internet on October 16, 2012 http://www.wirefreedirect.com/deger solar trackers .asp). The systems have two control trackers, connected through a command controller with an MLD sensor, which determines the maximum intensity of solar radiation or light reflected from clouds or earth. One of the trackers controls the rotation of the system around a vertical axis, the second - by tilting the battery at angles with a maximum level of conversion of solar energy into electrical energy.

 Two-track systems in the process almost completely fit into the solar intensity diagram, but have a high cost of tracking electronic equipment and performance trackers.

The closest analogue was selected solar photovoltaic installation (Ukrainian patent W 49604, F24J 2/02, publ. September 16, 2002, bull. Ν "9), which includes a vertical riser, foundation, a rotating device with a drive and a rotating shaft, two farms, solar panel and photosensitive head. The vertical riser is made of two parts, namely, stationary, rigidly connected to the foundation, and a rotating pipe, on the upper end of which bearings are mounted in both diametrically opposite walls, a rotating shaft is installed in them, to which on both sides of the rotating pipe with pre-stressed truss runs of a parabolic longitudinal description are rigidly connected at the same step, a solar panel is rigidly attached to them, the movement of which in the vertical plane is carried out by an upper electric motor kinematically connected to the gearbox and a cylindrical gear rigidly connected to the rotating shaft, and this entire assembly is based on a supporting frame rigidly attached to a rotating nozzle, horizontal movement of the solar panel is carried out according to a similar scheme with the use of a bevel gear rigidly connected to a rotating nozzle, and this unit is based on a supporting frame rigidly connected to the stationary part of the riser, the strength of the truss runs is provided by cross ligaments attached to the ends of the compressed truss truss runs and equipped with tensioning devices.

The specified installation contains a photosensitive element, which is used to monitor the light source and the operation of the device, that is, the implementation of the work is possible only using the photosensitive element. As a rule, these units have a high cost and, accordingly, a longer payback period, while the electronic system and power supplies in the normal execution work stably up to -5 ° C, at lower temperatures the power supplies of the electric motors begin to fail, and condensation accumulates in the electrical cabinets. There are special cabinets and control systems that operate at temperatures up to -35 ° C in closed design with stabilized initial parameters - such systems have a high cost. The use of conventional systems, taking into account the costs of heating them (approximately 100 W), is many times more profitable than such special systems. In addition, more qualified personnel are needed to service these systems, additional high maintenance costs associated with the large length of the cables, their protection from precipitation, maintenance of monitoring systems and position control of solar panels, etc.

 The basis of the invention is the task of creating a single-drive mechanical system with a mathematical function for orienting solar panels, which will provide high efficiency of solar panels by maximizing the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy, simplifying battery maintenance technology, the ability and simple rebuilding of the system to the desired mode, reducing operating costs .

The problem is achieved in that in a single-drive mechanical system with a mathematical function for the orientation of solar panels, which includes a support fixed part, a frame for attaching solar panels, a rotating device with a drive and a rotating shaft, made with the possibility of changing the position of the supporting frame of the solar panels, according to the invention , the rotating device comprises a rotatable housing mounted and connected through a rotation transmission mechanism with a drive rotatably to any an angle around the central vertical axis of the supporting part, a platform is fixed to the housing with support legs that are movably connected at the other end to a frame for attaching solar panels, which is pivotally connected to a frame pusher that is pivotally connected to a control rod that is movably connected to an axially mounted axis a pivoting head connected through a mechanism for transmitting rotation between the cross shafts to a pivoting mechanism of an axis of the pivoting head, which is mounted on a supporting fixed part, When the sizes of orientation angles and links solar system geometrically defined and / or calculated with the value the latitude of the installation location of the solar battery and the angle of the sun to the ground.

 According to a utility model, the system is configured to configure and / or rebuild to the desired mode.

 The technical result consists in providing high reliability, reducing costs, maximizing the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy, high efficiency, simplifying battery maintenance technology, the ability and simplicity of rebuilding the system to the desired mode, reducing operating costs, eliminating the need to use additional electronic elements. A sinusoidal mechanism has been developed that has the trajectory and angular velocity of the control link as close as possible to the trajectory and angular velocity of the sun moving across the horizon.

 A general view of a single-drive mechanical system with a mathematical orientation function for solar panels is shown in FIG. one ; 2, view A - in FIG. 3.

 The link system a, b, c, d is shown in FIG. four.

 The movement of point B of the control rod (6), depending on the season, is shown in FIG. 5.

A single-drive mechanical system with a mathematical orientation function for solar panels consists of a fixed and a moving part. The fixed support part includes the main battery support on which the frame (23) is rigidly fixed, the drive is a gear motor (15), the support axis (13) with guide cheeks (18). The movable part comprises a worm wheel (14) rigidly connected to the rotary housing (12), a platform (16), on which the supporting posts (19) are fixed, which are movably connected at the other end through hinges of the first kind (9) to a frame for mounting solar panels (1), which is connected through a hinge of the first kind (2) to a frame pusher (3), which is pivotally connected to the control rod (6). The rotary housing (12) is mounted rotatably on bearings (1 1). The design of the rotary part is such that it can be wrapped around the stationary part at any angle. Bearing racks (19), a frame for mounting solar panels (1) and a frame pusher (3) at points D, C, B have hinges of the first kind, that is, mobility is limited to one plane. Along the guide cheeks (18) that contain the scale (21), with the help of a worm shaft (17), which is an element of the rotation mechanism of the axis of the rotary head (10), the mechanism for transmitting rotation between the cross shafts is rotated relative to the center of instant rotation - the worm sector wheels (20), on which the axis of the rotary head (7) is fixed with an inclination relative to the center of instant rotation A. On the axis of the rotary head (7) through the bearings (22), a rotary head (8) with a control rod (6) is fixed. At the end of the control rod (6), a shaft of the second kind (4) with a housing (5) is installed. Moreover, the three-link mechanism, which is located between points D, C, B, can only move in one plane, and, accordingly, the movement of the rod (6) is also limited by the same plane. The system is designed in such a way that the rod (6) when turning around the inclined axis of the rotary head (7) will rotate around the axis AB and make oscillatory movements in the plane A, B, C, D.

 The dimensions of the links and angles of the solar orientation system are determined geometrically or calculated taking into account the geographical latitude of the installation location of the solar battery and the angle of inclination of the sun to the ground. In the calculation, the following formulas are used.

 H = sinodsina

 where: N is the amount of movement of the control end of the rod along the vertical axis Y,

where: co - ± 0 π οτ axis north-south, α is the angle of inclination of the control rod (6)

 a = L ± £

 where: L is the geographical latitude of the installation of the solar battery;

 £ is the angle of inclination of the sun to the earth.

 Moreover, the angle of inclination of the sun to the earth for any day of the year is determined by the simplified Cooper formula:

„360

 ε = 23.45 [- (d - 851)] where: d is the day number from 1 - 365, for which the value of the angle of inclination of the sun is calculated.

 If the angle L is equal to the latitude of the terrain, then point B of the control rod will describe the trajectory corresponding to the points of the spring and autumn equinox.

 If the bar is rotated around point A by an angle of ± £, then we get the trajectory of the point B corresponding to the summer and winter solstices.

 Since the angle of inclination of the axis of the rotary head (7) is continuously adjustable, the system can be adjusted every day. Practice shows that the adjustment of the goniometer is enough to carry out 1 time per month. In the horizontal plane, the system rotates around the vertical axis 0-0 with the angular velocity of the earth: cosysinS

 ω =

 sin γ sin δ where: γ is the angle of rotation of the sun around the axis of rotation of the earth;

δ is the geographical latitude of the area. The movement of point B of the control rod (6), depending on the season, is shown in FIG. four.

 Using the method of inversion of the mechanism and taking into account the fact that the instantaneous center of rotation A is always located on the 0-0 axis, the system of links a, b, c, d (Fig. 3) can be considered as a flat four-link mechanism for which all the angles of the links in depending on the angle of rotation of the control rod.

From mechanics it is known that for the four-link mechanism with known values of the link lengths, the following formulas are valid: adcosa — a ² + b ² —c ² —d ²

 γ = arccos 2bc bsin asina

 6 = arctg h arctg

c— dcosa a— acosa

The system works as follows.

When the system starts to work, the torque from the rotary housing (12) through the supporting posts (19), the frame for attaching the solar panels (the supporting frame of the solar panels) (1), the pusher (3), the joint shaft (4) is transmitted to the control rod ( 6). As a result of the addition of two motions, point B in space will describe a sinusoid with movement along the Y axis (Fig. 3). Solar panels mounted on a supporting frame move together with the supporting frame (1) according to the trajectory system provided by the claimed design, which, in turn, ensures that solar panels are guided by the sun during the day and coordinating solar panels at angles with maximum conversion of solar energy into electrical energy.

 If necessary, the system is configured and / or rebuilt to the desired mode. Since the angle of inclination of the axis of the rotary head (7) is continuously adjustable, the system can be adjusted every day. Practice shows that the adjustment of the goniometer is enough to carry out 1 time per month.

 A one-wheel drive mechanical system with a mathematical function for orienting solar panels, which is claimed to be easy to manufacture, and the above information confirms the possibility of its industrial implementation using well-known materials, conventional components and standard equipment.

Claims

Formula 1. One-wheel drive mechanical system with a mathematical function for orienting solar panels, which includes a supporting fixed part, a frame for attaching solar panels, a rotary device with a drive and a rotating shaft, made with the possibility of changing the position of the supporting frame of the solar panels, which is characterized in that the rotating device contains a rotary housing mounted and connected through a rotation transmission mechanism with a drive with the possibility of rotation at any angle around a central vertical axis of the supporting part, a platform is fixed to the housing with supporting posts that are movably connected at the other end to a frame for mounting solar panels, which is pivotally connected to a frame pusher, which is pivotally connected to a control rod, which is movably connected to the axis of the pivoting head, connected through a mechanism for transmitting rotation between the cross shafts with a rotation mechanism of the axis of the pivoting head, which is fixed on the supporting fixed part, while the dimensions of the links and angles of the system emy orientation solar panels geometrically defined and / or calculated based on the value of geographic latitude solar installation and solar angle to the ground.  2. One-wheel drive mechanical system with a mathematical orientation function for solar panels according to claim 1, characterized in that the system is configured to and / or rearranged to the desired mode.